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ASSIGNMENT 6-1

Find the shape function for the following element using zero method.

7
10

11

1
= 27

12

= 9

= +9

Z1 = 27 + , Z2 = 9 + , Z3 = 9

1 =

2 3 4 6 7
2(1) 3(1) 4(1) 6(1) 7(1)

1 =

(9 + )(9 )(27 )()(9 )


(9 27)(9 + 27)(27 + 27)(9)(9 + 9)

1,4,6,9 =

6
5

= 9

= 9+

= +27

Z4 = 27

(1) {

= 27
.
= 9

1 =

(81 2 )(27 )()(9 )


5668704

1
. (81 2 )(27 + )(9 + )
5668704

2 =

1 3 4 6 7
1(2) 3(2) 4(2) 6(2) 7(2)

() {

2 =

(27 + )(9 )(27 )()(9 )


(27 9)(9 + 9)(27 + 9)(9)(9 + 9)

2 =

2,8,3,7 =

1
. (729 2 )(9 + )(9 + )
1889568

= 9
.
= 9
(729 2 )(9 )()(9 )
1889568

1(

1 2 3 7
) 2( ) 3( ) ( ) 7(

(27 + )(9 + )(9 )(9 + )(9 )


(27 + 27)(9 + 27)(9 27)(9)(9)

,10

11 =

11 =

1
. (81 2 )(27 + )(9 + )
2834352

1 3 4 7
1(11) 3(11) 4(11) (11) 7(11)

(27 + )(9 )(27 )(9 + )(9 )


(27 9)(9 + 9)(27 + 9)(9)(9)

11,12 =

1
. (9 + )(729 2 )(81 2 )
944784

() {

= +27
.
=0

(27 + )(81 2 )()(9 )


2834352

remains constant in node 5 and 10


Therefore the negative sign remains as well in the
generalized form.

(11) {

= 9
.
=0

11 =

(9 )(729 2 )(81 2 )
944784

ASSIGNMENT 6-3
Find the shape function for the following element:

= +2
6

= 9

6
=0

= 9+

= 2
1
= 0.75

Z1 = 0.75 +

1 =

= 0, = 0

=0

, Z2 = ,

Z3 =

2 3 6
2(1) 3(1) (1) 6(1)

1
(
)()(2 )
0.75
1 =
1
(0.75)(
)(2)(2 + 2)
0.75 + 0.75
1
2
1, = .
4
0.75

2 =

2 =

1 3 6
1(2) 3(2) (2) 6(2)
1
)()(2 )
0.75
1
(0.75)(
)(2)(2 + 2)
0.75 + 0

(0.75 + ) (

1
(0.75 + )
2,6 = . (18 + )
8
(0.75 )

1
0.75

(1) {

= 0.75
.
= 2

1
(
)()(2 )
0.75
1 =
4

1, =

() {

1
2 +
.
4
0.75

=0
.
= 2

1
(0.75 + )
2 = . ()(18 )
8
(0.75 )

remains with the same value t in node 2 and 6


Therefore there is no need to generalize solution for
value.

4 =

2 3 4 6
2(4) 3(4) (4) 6(4)

1
)(2 + )(2 )
0.75
4 =
1
(0.75)(
)(2)(2)
0.75 + 0.75
(

() {

= 0.75
.
=0

4 =

1
)(4 2 )
0.75
2

)(18 2 )
2 0.75

4 = . (

8 =

1 3 4 6
2(4) 3(4) (4) 6(4)

1
(0.75 + ) (
)(2 + )(2 )
0.75
8 =
1
(0.75)(
)(2)(2)
0.75 + 0

8 =

1 (0.75 + )
.
(4 2 )
4 (0.75 )

(8) {

=0
.
=0

1
(0.75 + ) (
)(4 2 )
0.75
8 =
4

ASSIGNMENT 6-4
Find the shape function for the following element using Zero method
= +9
7

= 9

7
= +3

= 3

= 3

= 3+

= 9+

= 9
1
= 9

Z1 = 9 +

1 =

=0

, Z2 = ,

Z3 =

1
9

2 3 6 7
2(1) 3(1) (1) 6(1)

1
()(
)(3 + )(3 )(9 )
9
1 =
1
(9)(
)(3 9)(3 + 9)(9 + 9)
9+9

1, =

2 =

1
648

(9 )
(9 )

(9 2 )

1 3 6 7
1(2) 3(2) (2) 6(2)
1
)(3 + )(3 )(9 )
9
1
(9)(
)(3 9)(3 + 9)(9 + 9)
9+0

(9 + ) (
2 =

2,7 =

(9 + )
1
. (9 + )(9 2 )
(9 )
1296

= 9
(1) { .
= 9

()
1 =

1,6 =

() {

(9 )
(9 2 )
(9 )
648

1
(9 + )
. (9 2 )
648
(9 )

=0
.
= 9

(9 + )
(9 2 )(9 )
(9 )
2 =
1296

4 =

2 3 4 6 7
2(4) 3(4) 4(4) 6(4) 7(4)

1
)(9 + )(3 )(9 )
9
4 =
1
(9)(
)(9 3)(3 + 3)(9 + 3)
9+9
(

4 =

1
216

. (81 2 )

(3 )
(9 )

() {

= 9
.
= 3

1
(
)(3 )(81 2 )
9
4 =
216

4,5 =

1
216

. (81 2 )

(3 + )
(9 )

ASSIGNMENT 6.5
Find the shape function for the following element using zero method?

18

=-9
=0
=+9

19
13

12

7
16

= +9

17

10

=0

11
14

15

= 9
1
= -18

= 18 +
2 =
1
3 =
18

=0

= 9+
=

= 9

= 9
=
= 9

2 3 6 8 9
1 =
2(1) 3(1) (1) 6(1) 8(1) 9(1)

= 18
(1) { = 9
= +9

1
)()(9 )()(9 + )
18
1 =
1
(18)(
)(9)(18)(9)(9 + 9)
18 + 18

)()(9 )()(9 + )
18
1 =
13122

()(

1, =

.(
)()(9 )(9 + )
13122 18

1 3 6 8 9
2 =
1(2) 3(2) (2) 6(2) 8(2) 9(2)
1
)()(9 )()(9 + )
18
1
(18)( )(9)(18)(9)(9 + 9)
18

(18 + )(
1 =

1 =

1
1
(18 + )(
)()(9 )()(9 + )
26244
18

1,6,14,18 =

.(
)( )( )(9 + )(9 + )
13122 18

=0

(2) { = 9
= +9

2 =

(18 + )(

2,7,1

,17

1
)()(9 )()(9 + )
18
26244

1
(18 + )
.
( )( )(9 + )(9 + )
26244 (18 )

= 18

2 3 4 6 8 9
4 =
2(4) 3(4) 4(4) 6(4) 8(4) 9(4)
1
)(9 + )(9 )()(9 + )
18
1
(18)(
)(9)(9)(9)(9 + 9)
18 + 18

(4) {

= +9

(
4 =

4 =

1
6561

18

)(81 )()(9 + )

=0

(
4 =

1
)(9 + )(9 )()(9 + )
18
6561

4,16 =

. (
)(81 2 )( )(9 + )
6561 18

=0

1(

1 3 4 6 8 9

) 3( ) 4( ) 6( ) 8( ) 9(

(5) { = 0
= +9

1
)(9 + )(9 )()(9 + )
18
1
(18)( )(9)(9)(9)(9 + 9)
18

(18 + )(
5 =

5 =

1
13122

18 +
18

)(81 )()(9 + )

(18 + )(
5 =

,17

1
)(9 + )(9 )()(9 + )
18
13122

1
18 +
. (
)(81 2 )( )(9 + )
13122 18

= 18

10

2 3 4 6 7 9
=
2(10) 3(10) 4(10) 6(10) 7(10) 9(10)
(

10 =

1
)(9 + )(9 )(9 )(9 + )
18
1
(18)( )(9)(9)(9)(9)
36

10 =

(10) {

=0
=0

)(81 2 )(81 2 )
18
=
3280.5
(

10

. (
)(81 2 )(81 2 )
6561 18
=0

11

1 3 4 6 7 9
=
1(11) 3(11) 4(11) 6(11) 7(11) 9(11)
(18 + )(

11 =

11 =

1
)(9 + )(9 )(9 )(9 + )
18
1
(18)( )(9)(9)(9)(9)
18

(11) { = 0
=0

11

(18 + )
(81 2 )(81 2 )
(18 )
=
6561

1
(18 + )
.
(81 2 )(81 2 )
6561 (18 )
= 18

2 3 4 6 7 9
8 =
2(8) 3(8) 4(8) 6(8) 7(8) 9(8)
1
)( )(9 )(9 )(9 + )
18
1
(18)(
)(9)(18)(9)(9)
18 + 18

()(
8 =

8,12 =

(8) { = 9
=0

)( )(9 )(81 2 )
18
8 =
6561
(

. (
)( )(9 + )(81 2 )
6561 18
=0

1 3 4 6 7 9
9 =
1(9) 3(9) 4(9) 6(9) 7(9) 9(9)
1
)( )(9 )(9 )(9 + )
18
1
(18)( )(9)(9 + 9)(9)(9)
18

(18 + )(
9 =

9,13 =

1
(18 + )
.
( )(9 + )(81 2 )
13122 (18 )

(9) { = 9
=0
(18 + )
( )(9 )(81 2 )
(18 )
9 =
13122

ASSIGNMENT 6-8
Find Jacobi matrix for the following matrix.

(7, 18)

(27, 18)

X
(7,-1)

(27, -1)

-Y

Shape functions of the above element are as follow:


1
(1 )(1
4
1
2 = (1 + )(1
4
1
3 = (1 + )(1 +
4
1
4 = (1 )(1 +
4
1 =

[ . ]=[

][ . ]

)
)
)
)

11

[] = [

21

12

22

1
1
= (1

4
2
1
=
(1

4
3
1
=
(1 +

4
4
1
= (1 +

11

)
)
)
)

1
1
1
1
= (1 )(7) + (1 )(27) + (1 + )(27) (1 + )(7)
4
4
4
4
7
27
27
7
(1 ) +
= (1 ) +
(1 + ) (1 + )
4
4
4
4
=

20
20
(1 ) + +
(1 + )
4
4

= 5(1 ) + + 5(1 + )
= 5 5 + 5 + 5

= 10

12

1
1
1
1
= (1 )(1) + (1 )(1) + (1 + )(18) (1 + )(18)
4
4
4
4
1
1
9
9
= (1 ) (1 ) + (1 + ) (1 + )
4
4
2
2
=0

1
1
= (1 )

4
2
1
= (1 + )

4
3
1
= (1 + )

4
4
1
= (1 )

21

1
1
1
1
= (1 )(7) (1 + )(27) + (1 + )(27) + (1 )(7)
4
4
4
4
7
27
27
7
(1 + ) +
(1 + ) + (1 )
= (1 )
4
4
4
4
=0

22

1
1
1
1
= (1 )(1) (1 + )(1) + (1 + )(18) + (1 )(18)
4
4
4
4
1
1
18
18
(1 + ) +
= (1 ) + (1 + ) +
(1 )
4
4
4
4
=

19
19
(1 ) +
(1 + )
4
4

19 19
19 19

+
+

4
4
4
4

19 19
+
4
4

19
2

10
[] = [

0
.

Therefore, det [J] = 95

Dimension
X= 27-7 = 20

19

Y= 18-(-1) = 19
A = 20 x 19 = 380

20

Therefore, J

380
4

= 95

ASSIGNMENT 6.9:
Determine the Jacobi matrix for the following element?

Point (X, Y, Z)

Point 1 (-9,-18, 27)

8
3

Point 2 (18,-18, 27)


4
1

Point 3 (-9, 27, 27)


5

Point 4 (18, 27, 27)


6
1

Point 5 (-9,-18, 0)
2

Point 6 (18,-18, 0)
X

Point 7 (-9, 27, 0)


Point 8 (18, 27, 0)

Shape functions for the above element in each node are as follow:

1 = (1 )(1 )(1 + )

2 = (1 + )(1 )(1 +)

3 = (1 )(1 + )(1 +)

4 = (1 + )(1 + )(1 +)

= (1 )(1 )(1 )

6 = (1 + )(1 )(1 )

7 = (1 )(1 + )(1 )

8 = (1 + )(1 + )(1 )

8
1

8
1

8
1

8
1

8
1

8
1

[ ] [






] [ ]

[] = 21

[ 31

11

22

32


12

23

33

13

1
1
= (1

8
3
1
= (1 +

8
5
1
= (1

8
7
1
= (1 +

)(1 + )
)(1 +)
)(1 )
)(1 )

= (1 )(1 +)
8
1

= (1 + )(1 +)
8
1

= (1 )(1 )
8
1

= (1 + )(1 )
8

1
1
= (1 )(1 + )

8
3
1
=
(1 )(1 +)

8
5
1
= (1 )(1 )

8
7
1
=
(1 )(1 )

1 1
= (1 )(1 )

8
3 1
= (1 )(1 + )

1
= (1 )(1 )

8
7
1
= (1 )(1 + )

2
1
= (1 + )(1 )

8
4
1
=
(1 + )(1 + )

8
6
1
= (1 + )(1 )

8
8
1
= (1 + )(1 + )

= (1 + )(1 +)
=

8
1
8
1

(1 + )(1 +)

= (1 + )(1 )
=

8
1
8

(1 + )(1 )

11

= (1 )(1 + )(-9)+ (1 )(1 +)(18) (1 + )(1 +)(-9)+ (1 + )(1 +)(18)


1

(1 )(1 )(-9)+ (1 )(1 )(18) (1 + )(1 )(-9)+ (1 + )(1 )(18)

= (1 )(1 + )+ (1 )(1 +)+ (1 + )(1 + )+ (1 + )(1 +)+ (1 )(1 )


9

+ (1 )(1 )+ (1 + )(1 )+ (1 + )(1 )

= (1 + ) [ (1 ) + (1 ) + (1 + ) + (1 + )]
9
1
1
+ (1 ) [ (1 ) + (1 ) + (1 + ) + (1 + )]
4
2
2
9

= (1 + ) [ (1 ) + (1 + )] + (1 ) [ (1 ) +

= (1 + ) [ + + ] + (1 ) [ +

= (1 + ) [ + ] + (1 ) [ + ]

= (1 + )[3] + (1 )[3]

27
(1 +
4

27
27
+ 4
4

27
27
+
4
4

4
4

) +
+

27
(1
4

27
4

27

]
2

(1 + )]

12

= (1 )(1 + )(-18)+ (1 )(1 +)(-18) (1 + )(1 +)(27)+ (1 + )(1 +)(27)


1

(1 )(1 )(-18)+ (1 )(1 )(-18) (1 + )(1 )(27)+ (1 + )(1 )(27)

= (1 )(1 + ) 4 (1 )(1 +)
4

27

(1 )(1 )

27
8

(1 + )(1 + )+

(1 + )(1 ) +

27
4

27
8

(1 + )(1 +)+ (1 )(1 )


4

(1 + )(1 )

=0

13

= (1 )(1 + )(27)+ (1 )(1 +)(27) (1 + )(1 +)(27)+ (1 + )(1 +)(27)


1

(1 )(1 )(0)+ (1 )(1 )(0) (1 + )(1 )(0)+ (1 + )(1 )(0)

27
8

(1 )(1 + ) +

27
8

(1 )(1 +)

27
8

(1 + )(1 +)(27)+

27
8

(1 + )(1 +)

0 0 0+ 0
=0

21

= (1 )(1 + )(-9) (1 + )(1 +)(18)+ (1 )(1 +)(-9)+ (1 + )(1 +)(18)


1

(1 )(1 )(-9) (1 + )(1 )(18)+ (1 )(1 )(-9)+ (1 + )(1 )(18)


9

= (1 )(1 + ) (1 + )(1 +) (1 )(1 +) + (1 + )(1 +)


+ (1 )(1 ) (1 + )(1 ) (1 )(1 )+ (1 + )(1 )
=0

22

= (1 )(1 + )(-18) (1 + )(1 +)(-18)+ (1 )(1 +)(27)+ (1 + )(1 +)(27)


1

(1 )(1 )(-18) (1 + )(1 )(-18)+ (1 )(1 )(27)+ (1 + )(1 )(27)


9

27

27

= (1 )(1 + )+ (1 + )(1 +)+


+ (1 )(1 )+ (1 + )(1 )+

(1 )(1 +) +
(1 )(1 )+

27
8
27
8

(1 + )(1 +)
(1 + )(1 )

9
3
3
= (1 + ) [(1 ) + (1 + ) + (1 ) + (1 + )]
4
2
2
9

+ (1 ) [(1 ) + (1 + ) +

(1 ) +

3
2

(1 + )]

9
5
5
9
5
5
= (1 + ) [ (1 ) + (1 + )] + (1 ) [ (1 ) + (1 + )]
4
2
2
4
2
2
9
5 5
5 5
9
5 5
5 5
= (1 + ) [ + + ] + (1 ) [ + + ]
4
2 2
2 2
4
2 2
2 2
=

9
5 5
9
5 5
(1 + ) [ + ] + (1 ) [ + ]
4
2 2
4
2 2

9
10
9
10
(1 + ) [ ] + (1 ) [ ]
4
2
4
2

9
9
(1 + )(5) + (1 )(5)
4
4

45
45
(1 + ) +
(1 )
4
4

45 45
45 45
+
+

4
4
4
4

45 45
+
4
4

90
4

23

= (1 )(1 +)(27) (1 + )(1 +)(27)+ (1 )(1 +)(27)+ (1 + )(1 +)(27)


1

(1 )(1 )(0) (1 + )(1 )(0)+ (1 )(1 )(0)+ (1 + )(1 )(0)


=

27
8

(1 )(1 + )

27
8

(1 + )(1 +)+

27
8

(1 )(1 +)+

27
8

(1 + )(1 +)

=0

31

1
1
1
1
= (1 )(1 )(9) + (1 + )(1 )(18) + (1 )(1 + )(9) + (1 + )(1 + )(18)
8
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
(1 )(1 )(9) (1 + )(1 )(18) (1 )(1 + )(9) (1 + )(1 + )(18)
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
= (1 )(1 ) + (1 + )(1 ) + (1 )(1 + ) + (1 + )(1 + )
8
4
8
4
9
9
9
9
(1 )(1 ) (1 + )(1 ) (1 )(1 + ) (1 + )(1 + )
8
4
8
4
=0

32

1
1
1
1
= (1 )(1 )(18) + (1 + )(1 )(18) + (1 )(1 + )(27) + (1 + )(1 + )(27)
8
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
(1 )(1 )(18) (1 + )(1 )(18) (1 )(1 + )(27) (1 + )(1 + )(27)
8
8
8
8
9
9
27
27
= (1 )(1 ) (1 + )(1 ) + (1 )(1 + ) +
(1 + )(1 + )
4
4
8
4
9
9
27
27
+ (1 )(1 ) + (1 + )(1 ) (1 )(1 + ) (1 + )(1 + )
4
4
8
4
=0

33

1
1
1
1
= (1 )(1 )(27) + (1 + )(1 )(27) + (1 )(1 + )(27) + (1 + )(1 + )(27)
8
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
(1 )(1 )(0) (1 + )(1 )(0) (1 )(1 + )(0) (1 + )(1 + )(0)
8
8
8
8
=

27
27
27
27
(1 )(1 )(27) +
(1 + )(1 )(27) +
(1 )(1 + )(27) +
(1 + )(1 + )(27) 0
8
8
8
8

27
27
(1 )[(1 ) + (1 + )] +
(1 + )[(1 ) + (1 + )]
8
8

27
27
(1 )[1 + 1 + )] +
(1 + )[1 + 1 + )]
8
8

27
27
(1 )[1 + 1)] +
(1 + )[1 + 1]
8
8

27
27
(1 )(2) +
(1 + )(2)
8
8

54
54
(1 ) +
(1 + )
8
8

54 54
54 54
+ +

8
8
8
8

54 54
+
8
8

27
2

27
2

[] = 0
[0

0
4
2

0
Therefore, || = 4100.625

0
27
2

Cube element
dimensions:
X= 18-(-9) =27
45

Y= 27-(-18) = 45
Z= 27-0=27

Volume of cube element = (XYZ) =27 4527 = 32805

32805
=
= 4100.625
8
8

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