Automation With APDL

ANSYS
C t
Customization
i ti
and
d
Automation with
APDL
2002 CAE Associates
ANSYS Customization and

Automation with APDL
Presented By
Computer Aided Engineering
Associates, Inc.
Copyright 2002 Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Use, reproduction,
distribution, etc. without the express written consent of Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc. is
prohibited.
Presentation Topics
Introduction
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
What is APDL?
What can you do with APDL?
Features of APDL
Advantages and Disadvantages of APDL
APDL Basics
B i
Parametric Modeling
Importing/Exporting data in/out of ANSYS
C t
Customized
i d menus and
d toolbars
t lb
Storing macros
Encrypting macros
M
Macro
example
l
Consulting examples:
Pin insertion macro

Stent automation macro
Copyright 2002
Associates, Inc.
Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.
Introduction: What is APDL?
APDL = ANSYS Parametric Design Language
What can you do with APDL?
APDL is a scripting
p g language
g g used to automate and customize tasks in ANSYS
APDL combines ANSYS commands with FORTRAN-like functions
APDL is used to do many of the operations done by user-subroutines in other
FE codes
Create parametric models to quickly evaluate design changes
Create macros to automate complex or often-repeated tasks
Import and export data to external files
Perform scalar, vector, and matrix operations
Create simple customized menus and toolbar items
Features of APDL
Macros, if-then-else branching, do-loops, and scalar, vector, and matrix

operations.
Macros are APDL routines
Virtually all ANSYS commands can be used in APDL
Copyright 2002
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Introduction: APDL Examples
Automation
Create g
geometry
y with a new set of dimensions ((Parametric Modeling)
g)
Calculate the volume of all selected elements
Convert structural temperatures to heat transfer temperatures
Write all of the max. and min. stress/strain components
p
for the selected
element set to a file
Calculate the maximum difference in stress over a range of load steps
Move the selected nodes and elements by offset values
Import shell elements, nodes, and thickness values from an external file
Create component sets from node or element lists in an external file
Customization
Create simple input and output menus (*ASK, *MSG, Multipro)

Create customized toolbar items to perform common tasks
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Introduction: Advantages of APDL
Price: No extra cost: Included with all ANSYS products
Rapid Learning Curve:
G d Documentation:
Good
D
t ti
Rapid learning curve, primarily devoted to learning ANSYS commands.

Can use the jobname.log file to get the ANSYS command equivalent to your
menu picks
picks.
Interpreted (not compiled) so effects of modifications are immediately
realizable.
APDL Programmers Guide
ANSYS Commands Reference
CAEA S
Seminar:
i
ANSYS C
Customization
i i and
dP
Programming
i (APDL)
Other:
Specially
p
y compiled
p
version of ANSYS is not required
q
Copyright 2002
Associates, Inc.
Introduction: Disadvantages of APDL
Limited Customization:
Only simple input and message menus can be generated

generated.
Speed:
Can be slow for complex operations on large models. User subroutines are
generally much faster
faster.
Copyright 2002
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Introduction: APDL Basics
Scalar Parameters
Defining scalar parameters:

parameter = value
(example 1: A1 = 12.98)
(example 2: B1 = Turbine Blade Analysis)
OR *SET,parameter,value
(example: *SET,A1,12.98)
Listing scalar parameters:

*STAT command
d
(example: *STAT,A1)
Deleting scalar parameters:

parameter =
OR *SET,parameter
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Scalar Parameters cont
Forced p
parameter substitution:
Enclose the parameter name in % signs for substitution in
character expressions
E
Example:
l Run
R
multiple
lti l iinputt fil
files and
d solve
l
th
them iin order
d
job=fname
*DO,I,1,5
/input %job%%I% inp
/input,%job%%I%,inp
! input = fname1
fname1.inp
inp, fname2
fname2.inp
inp,
/solu
solve
finish
*ENDDO
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Array Parameters
Defining array parameters:

*DIM command
(example 1: *DIM,A1,array,10,2,1)
(example 2: *DIM,B1,character,6,2)
OR Parameters > Array Parameters > Define/Edit
Listing array parameters:

*STAT command
(example: *STAT,A1)
Deleting array parameters:

parameter =
OR *SET,parameter
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Scalar Functions
Many standard programming functions are available:
A = 4*2, B = 16/4, C = A B, D = A+B, E = A**B
SIN(x), COS(x), TAN(x), ASIN(x), ACOS(x), ATAN(x), ATAN2(y,x)
SINH(x) COSH(x),
SINH(x),
COSH(x) TANH(x)
SQRT(x), ABS(x), SIGN(x,y)
NINT(x), MOD(x,y)
EXP(x), LOG(x), LOG10(x)
RAND(x,y), GDIS(x,y)
LWCASE(cparm), UPCASE(cparm), VALCHR(cparm)
CHRVAL(parm) (where cparm is a character parameter)

Help on *SET
SET will list all of the functions
These functions can be inserted into any numeric field of a command

Example: Apply a sinusoidal force to node i
pi = acos(-1)
F, i, FY, fmax*SIN(2*pi*time/tmax)
Copyright 2002
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10
Array Functions
Many Array and Matrix operations are available:

Examples
*VFUN performs a function on one array parameter

copy to another array, square root of each entry, etc.
*VOPER operates on two array parameters

add, multiply, divide, etc. entries in two arrays
*VSCFUN determine the properties of an array parameter

max., mean, standard deviation, etc. of all entries
*MOPER performs matrix operations on two arrays

matrix multiplication, sorting, etc.
Array values can be inserted into any field of a command

Example: Define keypoint #4 with an x coordinate equal to the value in
position
ii
2,5
2 5 off the
h array XVAL
K,4,XVAL(2,5),0.,0.
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11
*IF statements
Same functionality as IF statements in FORTRAN
*IF, *ENDIF,*ELSEIF, and *ELSE commands can be used to perform logical branching
operations
Syntax: *IF, VAL1, Oper1, VAL2, AND / OR, VAL3, Oper2, VAL4, THEN
Copyright 2002
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12
*DO loops
Same functionalityy as *DO loops

p in FORTRAN
*DO, parameter, ival, fval, inc

Sample Format:
*DO, i, 1, 7, 2
*DO, j, 1, 20
n, (i-1)*20 +j, 0.1*j, i-1
*ENDDO
ENDDO
*ENDDO
*DOWHILE loops
*DOWHILE, parameter
Loops repeatedl
repeatedly thro
through
gh the ne
nextt *ENDDO command as long as parameter is
true (greater than zero)
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13
Getting information from the database
*GET
GET commands and functions:
Can retrieve almost any scalar information needed from the database:
S
Sample
l off information
i f
ti
you can retrieve
t i
with
ith the
th *GET command:
d
UX, UY, UZ structural displacement at node N
SX, SY, SZ stresses at node N
maximum node number in the selected set
coordinates of a keypoint
stress at a node
jobname and title
material
t i l property
t value
l
att a specified
ifi d temperature
t
t
time step size in solution
Help, *GET to get a full list of retrievable data
Copyright 2002
Associates, Inc.
14
Getting information from the database
*VGET
VGET functions:
Can read a large amount of database information into vectors:
Sample of information you can retrieve with the *VGET
VGET command:
X, Y, Z coordinates of all selected nodes
UX, UY, UZ displacements of all selected nodes
SX, SY, SZ stresses of all selected nodes
Keypoint numbers on all of the selected lines
Surface areas of all of the selected areas
Help, *VGET
VGET to get a full list of retrievable data
Note: *VGET
VGET is much faster than looping with *DO
DO
Copyright 2002
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15
Executing Macros and Input Files
File > Read input from (input file name)
Command Line: /input,filename,ext
Utility Menu > Macro > Execute Macro
Use a macro command format: filename.mac
Up to 19 arguments can be passed to a macro

Example: Macro to create a block with a hole:
File: mkblk.mac
mkblk mac
Sample Call to the macro: mkblk, 2., 3., 2.,1.4
/prep7
g
g
g
block,,arg1,,arg2,,arg3
! ((block,,2,,3,,2))
sphere,arg4
! (sphere,1.4)
vsbv,1,2
finish
Copyright 2002
Associates, Inc.
16
Parametric Modeling
Parametric models can be generated to rapidly determine the effect of

a design
g modification
Recommended procedure:
Create a first pass at a model using parameters for design variables
Copy the jobname
jobname.log
log file to another file name to be used as your parametric input
file.
Modify the design parameters in the input file
Read the input file into ANSYS to solve the new analysis with the design changes
Example: Parametric Plate Model
length = 20
width = 5
thick = 0.25
/prep7
rect,0,length,0,width
r,1,thick
Copyright 2002
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17
Importing/Exporting Data in/out of ANSYS
Allows data exchange between ANSYS and other codes
Import
p data into ANSYS from an external file using
g *VREAD,, *TREAD
Export data to an external file from ANSYS using *VWRITE, *MWRITE

Example: Importing data with *VREAD
idim = 5
jdim = 2
*dim,aa,,idim,jdim
*vread
vread,aa(1,1),read2,txt,,KJI,1,jdim,idim
aa(1 1) read2 txt KJI 1 jdim idim
(2f4.0)
File: read2.txt
11 12
21 22
31 32
41 42
51 52
Copyright 2002
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18
Customized Menus and Toolbars
Allows for simple customized messages and input menus
*ASK
ASK command: Pop up a simple input menu
Example: *ask, jtitle, job title
*MSG command: Pop up a simple message

Example:
Copyright 2002
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*msg, ui, inner, 25, 1.2, 148

Radius ( %C) = %I, Thick = %G, Length = %G
19
Customized Menus and Toolbars cont
You can create a multiple-prompt menu using the *MULTIPRO Utility
This can include a limited amount of text and input

p fields
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20
Customized Menus and Toolbars cont
Toolbar items can be used to execute macros or commonly used

commands
*ABBR, MKPART, ptcreate
PTCREATE.MAC: Macro to
create and mesh a
bracket
w1 = 3
w2 = 1
/prep7
rect 0 w1 0 1
rect,0,w1,0,1
rect,0,w2,0,5
aadd,all
Copyright 2002
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21
Storing macros
Macros can be stored in a macro directory and accessed with either

_
environment variable or the /PSEARCH
the ANSYS_MACROLIB
command.
Macro files are searched in the following order:

1 ANSYS docu
1.
docu directory
2. ANSYS_MACROLIB environment variable (if defined)
3. Users home directory or the directory specified with the /PSEARCH command (if
d fi d Utilit
defined:
Utility M
Menu > M
Macro > M
Macro S
Search
hP
Path)
th)
4. Local working directory
Copyright 2002
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22
Encrypting macros
Macros can be encrypted and run with an encryption password
Use the /ENCRYPT command to assign the password and the encrypted macro
name
Use the /DECRYPT command to enter the password and run the macro
Example: Encrypt Macro PTCREATE.MAC

/ENCRYPT,pass99,eptcreate,mac
/nopr
/PREP7
rect,0,w1,0,1
rect,0,w2,0,5
esize,.25
amesh,all
/gopr
/ENCRYPT
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Encrypted Macro EPTCREATE.MAC

/DECRYPT,PASSWORD
01 dvg0
01_dvg0
02%WIaIl
03y\!maY%i:#Vp
04i#\KU)b?}Zkp
0CT9FPdX1/?
0DYHLl@
/DECRYPT
23
Sample Macro
Macro SXYZ.mac: Calculates any stress component at any coordinate

in the model
Macro Call: SXYZ, 0.19, 0.14, 0 , x
(Calculate the SX Stress at X = 0.19, Y = 0.14, and Z = 0 using averaged nodal
stresses)
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24
Sample Macro cont
! Usage: sxyz,X,Y,Z,comp
! where: X= x coord. (undef. geom.)
!
Y y coord.
Y=
d
!
Z= z coord.
!
comp= stress component
! (x,y,z,1,etc. Use eqv as default)
/nopr
*get,ar20,active,,rout
! If user is in /POST1 proceed
*if,ar20,eq,31,then
! Turn off warning messages
/uis,msgpop,3
!
! Set up the path
path,path1,2,,
! Define two path points
ppath,1,,arg1,arg2,arg3
pp
, ,, g , g , g
ppath,2,,arg1+.0001,arg2+.0001,arg3
!
! Map the result onto the path
*get,artype,parm,arg4,type
,a type,eq,0,t e
*if,artype,eq,0,then
arg4= eqv
*endif
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pdef,S%arg4%,s,%arg4%,avg
!
! Get the result from the first point on the path
*get,ar21,path,,item,s%arg4%,pathpt,1
!
! Print the result
*msg
msg,ui,arg4,arg1,arg2,arg3,ar21
ui arg4 arg1 arg2 arg3 ar21
The averaged stress S%C at X= %g, Y= %g, Z= %g &
%/ is %g
!
! Turn warning messages back on
/uis msgpop 2
/uis,msgpop,2
!
*else
!
! Print warning message if user is not in /post1
*msg ui
*msg,ui
*** You need to be in /POST1 to run SXYZ ***
*endif
/gopr
25
APDL Example 1: Pin insertion macro
PC Board Pin Insertion Macro

z
Goal: Optimize pin insertion forces
Solderless pin illustration from

www.zierick.com
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26
Input Parameters
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27
Geometric Variations
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28
Pin Model Generation
Pin Model Generation
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29
Insertion Force Optimization
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30
APDL Example 2: Stent automation macro
Stent Automated
Analysis
y
System
y
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31
What is a Stent ?
z
z
z
z
A balloon expanded stent is a small, latticed, metal scaffold that is

introduced into y
your blood vessel on a balloon catheter.
The doctor maneuvers the catheter into the blocked artery and inflates the
balloon.
Inflation causes the stent to expand and press against the vessel wall.
Once the balloon has been deflated and withdrawn, the stent stays in
place permanently, holding the blood vessel open and improving blood
flow.
Copyright 2002
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32
Stent Finite Element Analysis
FEA starting point could be a 2-D CAD drawing or model parameters.

Example Parameters:
soptp(1,1) = 'outer bend radius'
soptp(1 3) = width
soptp(1,3)
width
soptp(1,4) = 'axial c-to-c length'
soptp(1,5) = 'cir. c-to-c length'
!
rro
= .00897
width
= .00378
lst
= .03577
03577
lcirc
= .01479
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33
Stent Finite Element Analysis
Sample parameters, including the option for the analysis to email

results back to the user!
nrep = 6
arep = 0.25
isymm = 2
twall = 0.0055
crpid = 0.
desid = 3.0
cdivs = 6
ldivs = 4
issiz = 6
gsfac = 1.
1
numsub = 30
ores = 5
mailit = 1
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! no. of circum. repeating sections

! no. of repeating sections modeled
! 1=no symmetry, 2=symmetry
! wall thickness (inch)
! crimped inner diameter of stent (mm)
g expanded
p
inner diameter of stent ((mm))
! design
! line divisions on circum .boundary lines
! line divisions on long. boundary lines
! smart sizing parameter
! global element sizing factor
! starting number of substeps in each LS
! frequency of writing results
! e-mail results files: 0=no, 1=yes
34
Automated Geometry Generation
3-D ANSYS model developed through extrusion and coordinate

transformation automatically in APDL.
APDL
Cylindrical 3D Mesh with
target
g surface
2D Geometry From
Parametric
a a et c Model
ode
Flat 3D Mesh
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35
3-D Stent Expansion
3D Expansion Analysis Results

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36
Automated Postprocessing
! Animation Generation & Automated Postprocessing

!
i2dan = 1
i3dan = 0
!
p=1
flstep
llstep = 3
mrep = 1
nskip = 1
smin = 0.
smax = 0.35
contfact = 1.0
cdist = 0.75
forl = 1
ilgd = 1
iball = 1
ijpg = 3
idb3 = 0
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! 0=no 2d animation, 1=create 2d animation

! 0=no 3d animation, 1=create 3d animation
! first load step
p to animate
! last load step to animate
! no. of rows of stent to animate
! results step increment to animate
! min. plastic strain on contour
! max. plastic strain on contour
! contour multiplication factor
! contour viewing distance
! 0=fit to initial state,
state 1=fit to final state
! 0=legend off, 1=legend on
! 0=balloon off, 1=balloon on
! 0=none, 1=geom jpeg, 2=final jpeg, 3=both
!0
0=no db
db, 1=geom
1
db
db, 2=final
2 fi l db,
db 3=both
3 b th
37
Results for a Simple Stent Geometry
Deployed Device
Copyright 2002
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38
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39

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ANSYS

2002 CAE Associates

ANSYS Customization and

Pin insertion macro

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: What is APDL?

APDL = ANSYS Parametric Design Language

What can you do with APDL?

Macros, if-then-else branching, do-loops, and scalar, vector, and matrix

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Examples

Create simple input and output menus (*ASK, *MSG, Multipro)

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: Advantages of APDL

Price: No extra cost: Included with all ANSYS products

Rapid Learning Curve:

Rapid learning curve, primarily devoted to learning ANSYS commands.

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: Disadvantages of APDL

Only simple input and message menus can be generated

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Basics

Defining scalar parameters:

Listing scalar parameters:

Deleting scalar parameters:

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Basics

Scalar Parameters cont

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Basics

Defining array parameters:

OR Parameters > Array Parameters > Define/Edit

Listing array parameters:

Deleting array parameters:

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Basics

Many standard programming functions are available:

A = 4*2, B = 16/4, C = A B, D = A+B, E = A**B

SIN(x), COS(x), TAN(x), ASIN(x), ACOS(x), ATAN(x), ATAN2(y,x)

SQRT(x), ABS(x), SIGN(x,y)

EXP(x), LOG(x), LOG10(x)

LWCASE(cparm), UPCASE(cparm), VALCHR(cparm)

CHRVAL(parm) (where cparm is a character parameter)

These functions can be inserted into any numeric field of a command

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Basics

Many Array and Matrix operations are available:

*VFUN performs a function on one array parameter

*VOPER operates on two array parameters

*VSCFUN determine the properties of an array parameter

*MOPER performs matrix operations on two arrays

Array values can be inserted into any field of a command

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Basics

Same functionality as IF statements in FORTRAN

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Basics

Same functionalityy as *DO loops

*DO, parameter, ival, fval, inc

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Basics

Getting information from the database

Computer Aided Engineering Associates, Inc.

Introduction: APDL Basics

Create simple input and output menus (ASK, MSG, Multipro)

Export data to an external file from ANSYS using VWRITE, MWRITE