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On30December1916,theHapsburgArchdukeKarlandhiswife,Zitaof

BourbonParma,werecrownedEmperorandEmpressoftheAustrioHungarianEmpire.Their
reignwasnottolastlong.ManyAustrians,citingZita'sforeignness,accusedherofbeingan
enemyofthestateand,by1919,theyvotedtobanishallnobilityfromthecountry.Fifteen
yearslater,inanarticlein
ForeignAffairs
,JohnGunthercalledKarlandZitasgrownson,
Otto,"avitalquestionmarkinthefuturedevelopmentofCentralEurope.Forcircumstances
havemadehim,besidesanancientHapsburg,amodernweapon".Gunthersuggeststhat
OttorepresentedapotentialforextremeviolenceinEurope.Inanattempttoexplorethat
potentialforviolencein
TheWinter'sTale,
wesetourproduction,whichmirrorsthepolitical
instability,misogyny,andviolentimageryoftheHapsburgs'story,inpostWorldWarIEurope.

TheFirstWorldWarleftmuchofEuroperavagedbyallkindsofviolenceandpolitical
instability.Millionsofyoungmendiedonthebattlefieldorwerephysicallyoremotionally
scarredbytrenchwarfare,toxicgas,andadevastatinginfluenzaepidemic.Duringandafter
thewar,monarchiestoppled,newregimesgainedpower,andmanypeoplespokeupagainst
injustices.WomenalloverEurope,forexample,werejailedwhentheypetitionedforuniversal
suffrage.JustasmanypostwarEuropeangovernmentsbothstruggledtomaintainpolitical
stabilityandtriedtosilencethevoicesofwomen,sotooLeontes'violentandcontrolling
actionsattempttosilencewomenandleaveSiciliapoliticallyunstablewithoutanheir.

ThethemesinShakespeare'splaythusclearlyspeaktopostWWIEurope.Andso,
too,dotheyspeaktoourlives.Thefactthatthemovie
AmericanSniper
(which,eveninits
title,invokesasensebothofnationalismandviolence)is,accordingtoboxofficemojo.com
andasofthewritingofthisessay,numberoneonmovieboxofficechartsisoneexamplethat
revealsacurrentnationalinterestintheseverythemes.Otherstatisticsremindusthat
violenceisfartoooftendomestic.AccordingtotheAmericanBarAssociation,nearly25%of
U.S.womenandalmost8%ofU.S.menhavebeenvictimsofdomesticabuse.
TheWinter's
Tale
isastorythatwemustcontinuetotellbecauseitasksustoconsidertheeffectsof
violenceinourowncommunities.Butitisalsoastorythatoffers,asanalternativeto
violence,thehopethatLeontes,hisfamily,andhiskingdomcanfindpeaceandnewlife
throughthepowerofforgivenessandgrace.Wehopethatourproductionof
TheWinter's
Tale
willinspireconversationaboutwhichtypeofpower(ofviolenceorofgrace)wetrulywish
towield.

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