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Cellular Respiration

ATP
ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate=
organic molecule which provide
energy for activity
Get energy from ATP by breaking
last two phosphates

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H20


+ e- + 36-38 ATPs

Oxidation: Glucose into CO2 and H2O


Reduction: O2 to H2O
Includes pathways that require oxygen
Glucose breakdown is therefore an
oxidation-reduction reaction

Electron Carrier
NAD+ (nicotinadenine dinucleotide)
acts as the energy carrier
Reduced to NADH when it picks up
two electrons and one hydrogen ion
FAD+ also a carrier

Stages
Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis
Takes place in cells
cytoplasm
Anaerobic (doesnt use
oxygen)
Requires input of 2 ATP
Glucose 2 pyruvate
molecules
Produces 2 NADH and 4
ATP (net 2 ATP
produced)

Pyruvate acetyl CoA


Pyruvate Mitochondria (attracted by
oxygen)
Attach coenzyme-A
Loses a CO2
Oxidized- loses one hydrogen to an
NAD carrier
Becomes acetyl CoA

Krebs Cycle
Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
Cyclical series of oxidation reactions
that give off CO2 and produce one
ATP per cycle
Turns twice per glucose molecule
Produces two ATP
Takes place in matrix of
mitochondria (innermost)

Therefore, For each Glucose molecule, the Krebs


Cycle produces 6NADH, 2FADH2, 4CO2, and
2ATP (2 turns of cycle)

Electron Transport Chain


34 ATP Produced- most energy produced
Proteins (transport proteins)- embedded in inner
mitochondrial membrane
NAD+ and FAD+ drop off electrons
Electrons give off energy- powers protein
Proteins transport hydrogen from matrix to between double
mitochondrial membranes
Higher concentration of hydrogen ions between membranes
forces hydrogen through ATP Synthase protein- makes ATP
ONLY HAPPENS because of oxygen- attracts electrons
down chain
Hydrogen ions + oxygen + electrons = H2O

Fermentation (Lactic and Alcoholic)


Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic)
Nets only 2 ATP
After glycolysis
Reduced NADH NAD+ so can be reused as
electron carrier
Pyruvate Alcohol or Lactic Acid

Practice Question
55. The mitochondrion takes in and
releases a number of materials during
aerobic respiration. Which of the following
does it take in during daylight?
A. ATP ; PO42- ; O2 ; pyruvate.
B. ATP ; PO42- ; CO2 ; succinate.
C. ADP ; PO42- ; O2 ; pyruvate.
D. ADP ; PO42+ ; CO2 ; lactate.
E. ADP ; PO42- ; O2 ; lactate.

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