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Lab6:ElectricalMotors

Petch1101
Ging1101
Guide1101
Kat1101
Jenny1101

Objective:
Tobuild,understandandanalyzeanelectricmotor4. The magnetic field
sensorworksduetotheHallEffect?InvestigateandexplainwhattheHallEffectis.

Materials:
Copperwire
Twoneedles
Onefoamsupport
Universalstandandclamps
VernierMagneticFieldsensor
LabQuest
LaptopwithLoggerPro
Smallpermanentmagnet
Sandpaper

Procedure:
1. Makingthesolenoid:
a. Rollthecopperwire aroundthe permanentmagnet (use the magnetasa
template toassemble the solenoid).Make fiveturns.Take thepermanent
magnetout.
b. Use theextrawireonbothextremestomaketwoorthreeturnstoholdthe
turnsofthesolenoidtogether(seefigurebelow).

c. Cutthe wires atthe extremessothey are nomore than 2cminlengthon


bothsides.


2. Assembling:
a. Sticktheneedlesonthefoamsupportseparatedbynomorethan4cm.
b. Rub each endof thesolenoidwiththesandpapertomakesuretheyhave
goodelectricalcontact.
c. Stickeach end of thesolenoidtotheholesofeachneedlesothesolenoid
issuspendedbetweenthetwoneedles.

3. Measuringthemagneticfieldandcurrent
a. Connect the power supply to the LabQuestinterface andthe interface to
your computer. Open the power amplifier controlwindow andset it upto
DC.
b. Connectthepower amplifier, thecurrent probe andtheneedlesasshown
onthediagramontheboard.
c. Turn on the power amplifier. Zero the current probe when thevoltage in
thepoweramplifierissetto0V.
d. Apply a voltage of no more than 3 V. Check if you have current in the
circuit(shouldbenomorethan0.6A).
e. Recordthecurrentinthetable.
f.
Calculatethemagneticfield inthesolenoid withtheformulagiveninthe

backgroundsection.Record this value in the table. TheLengthof thecoil


canbeestimated with:
L= # of turnsXthickness ofthewire(assumethe
thicknessofthewireis200m)
g. Connect the magnetic field sensor to your LabQuest.
CAUTION: Do not
bring the field sensor to a close distance with the permanent magnet.
Makesuretheyareatleastseparatedby30cm.
h. Holdthe sensor using theclamp and the universalstand.Zerothesensor
whenitisawayfromthecoil.
i.
Bring thesensorclose (a few millimeters)to the solenoid andrecord in

the table the value ofthe magnetic field.Makesure thatthecircular area


ofthesensorisparalleltothecircularareaofthesolenoid

4. Runningthemotor
a. Disconnect the current probe and connect the poweramplifier to thetwo
needles.
b. Applyavoltagebetween48V.
c. Bring the permanent magnet close to the solenoid and observe what
happens.

d. Find anoptimum position for the permanentmagnet inorder to make the


solenoid rotate for the longest time. If you find a position in which the
solenoidturnswithoutstopping,itisevenbetter.
e. Recordavideoofthemotorrunning
Results:

Current(A)

MagneticField(Calculated)

MagneticField
(Measured)

0.0010

10
6
(1.2566*10
)(5/5*200*10
)
10
(0.0010)=6.283*10 T

0.0350T

Analysis:
1. Isthemagneticfieldmeasuredinagreementwiththecalculatedmagneticfield?
No, it isnt equal to each other. The amount of calculated magnetic field is
10
6.283*10
Tesla, which ismuchsmallerthanthemeasuredmagneticfieldwhich
is0.0350Tesla.

2. Explainstepbystepwhythesolenoidkeepsturning.Usediagrams.Inyourexplanation,
includetheforcesandconceptsthatareinvolved.

3. Investigate and explainanother type ofelectricalmotor. Usediagramsandmentionthe


forcesandconceptsinvolved.

TheconceptofACInductionmotor.

i.tTheACInductionmotorcommonlyconsistsoftwobasicparts,anoutsidestationary
Stator
havingcoilssuppliedwithalternatingcurrenttoproducearotatingmagnetic
field,andaninside
Rotor
attachedtotheoutputshaftproducingasecondrotating
magneticfield.


AStatorismadeoutofstackingthinslottedhighlypermeablesteellaminationsinsidea
steelorcastironframe.

enWhena3phaseACcurrentpassesthroughthewindingsomethingveryinteresting
happens.Itproducesarotatingmagneticfield
(RMF)
.

TheRotorismadeoutofelectricalmagnetorpermanentmagnet.Forcedinsidethe
statorandhavetheairgapabout0.52mm.

lTheconceptofworkingiswhentwomagneticfieldoccur,itwillhavetheforceto
rotatetherotoralongtherotatingshaft.

wecanusethisrotatingforcetooperatetheelectricalmachinessuchasfan,
waterpump,andaircompressor.

4. Themagneticfield sensor works dueto theHallEffect?Investigateandexplainwhat


theHallEffectis.
Themagnetic fieldsensorworksdue tothe Hall Effect,itiswhenacurrentflows
through the conductor in a magnetic field which exertsatranverse force onthe
moving charge carriersthattendto pushthem toone sideof the conductor, the
magnetic field is perpendicular to the current. This produce the voltage
difference.

Conclusion:

In this experiment we are trying to creat anelectic magnetic motor whichhelps


and illustrate the understanding of magnetic field. After weve created the motor and
turn on the power, we then use a Venier Magnetic field Sensor to measured the
magnetic field sensor. The solenoid was use to demostrate that the current in each
coiled wire create its own magnetic field which goes in the same direction. While the
equipment like the magnetic field sensor is used to prove that there is actually a
magneticfield and to be compared withthe calculated measurment.Themagneticfield
created around the coiled wire(solenoid)goesin the same direction, this causesthem
to create a stronger magnetic field aftereach morecoiled. TheHall effect can also be
explain in this experiment, that the magnetic field direction is perpendicular of the
current.
In this experiment, there were some error we did. When we created our first
solenoid, the wirewere unproperlycoiledandisshapedlikeanellipse.Thishascaused
the solenoid to be unable to rotate properly due to its un semetrical shape. The
experimentcouldhavebeenbetterifwediditwithmorecarefulness.

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