Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ISBN 1-880813-12-2
Gene Sharp
MC LC
CHNG MT
CHNG HAI
2
4
4
7
8
9
9
10
12
12
13
16
CHNG BA
16
18
19
20
24
24
29
PH LC MT
Danh Mc cc T Quan Trng
trong u Tranh Bt Bo ng
PH LC HAI
37
PH LC BA
37
39
40
41
42
44
46
c Thm
CM T
48
CH THCH V CC BN DCH V
VIC SAO IN LI TI LIU NY
50
CHNG MT
Gene Sharp
Jerome D. Frank, Nhng Vn Nn v Tm L trong vic Loi B Chin Tranh trong cun Ngn
Chn Th Gii i Chin th III: Mt Vi Ngh. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1962.
Gene Sharp
Gene Sharp
Gene Sharp
Nhn lc, nhng ngi v nhng nhm ngi tun phc, hp tc,
v ph tr cc nh cai tr;
Gene Sharp
11
Gene Sharp
13
Lt cc nn c ti;
Chn ng nhng v o chnh mi v ngn cn nhng nn c
ti mi;
Bo v chng ngoi bang xm lc v chim ng;
Bo ton s sinh tn v li sng ca nhng dn tc bn a;
Xo b nhng bt cng x hi v kinh t;
Pht trin, bo ton, v pht huy nhng thc thi dn ch v nhn
quyn; v
Hi nhp nhng phng tin bt bo ng vo trong cc x hi
dn ch bng nhng phng cch khc na.
Gene Sharp
15
CHNG HAI
Gene Sharp
17
Tri li, vic thit lp v chp thun nhng chin lc tuyt ho s gia
tng c hi thnh cng. Hnh ng c iu hng theo ng k hoch
chin lc gip cho ngi ta c th tp trung nhng sc mnh v hnh
ng ca mnh tin theo mt chiu hng c quyt nh a n
mc ch mong mun. Nhng sc mnh v hnh ng ny c th c
tp trung vo vic phc v cho nhng mc tiu chnh yu v lm cho
nhng nhc im ca i phng thm trm trng. Cc tn tht v
nhng tn ph khc c th c gim thiu v nhng hi sinh c th phc
v mc ch chnh yu mt cch hu hiu hn. Nhng c hi chin
dch bt bo ng thnh cng c gia tng.
Thit lp nhng chin lc khn ngoan
S tuyn la, hay thit lp, mt chin lc khn ngoan i hi:
Gene Sharp
19
Cc cp thit k v hnh ng
Khi thit lp mt k hoch chin lc ngi ta phi cn hiu l c nhng
cp thit k v hnh ng khc nhau. cp cao nht l i chin
lc. Ri c chin lc, c tip theo bi nhng chin thut v nhng
phng php.
i chin lc l quan nim ton b nhm phi hp v iu ng tt
c nhng ti nguyn thch hp v c sn (v kinh t, nhn lc, o c,
chnh tr, t chc, v.v.) ca quc gia hay ca mt phe nhm tranh th
nhng mc tiu ca mnh trong mt cuc xung t.
i chin lc bao gm vic xt nh s chnh danh ca l tng u
tranh, vic thm nh nhng nh hng khc ca hon cnh, v s tuyn
chn k thut u tranh s c s dng (nh l, u tranh bt bo ng,
chnh tr quy c, chin tranh du kch, hay l chin tranh quy c), lm
th no c th t c mc tiu, v thm nh nhng h qu di hn.
i chin lc t ra mt khun mu nn tng cho vic chn la
nhng chin lc c gii hn hn tin hnh u tranh. Cp thit k
ny cng cn bao gm vic phn chia cc cng tc tng qut cho cc
nhm v phn phi ti nguyn cho nhng nhm ny s dng trong
cuc u tranh. Hn na, i chin lc bao gm vic xt nh l chnh
cuc u tranh lin h nh th no vi vic tranh th cc mc tiu m v
nhng mc tiu ny, cuc u tranh c xc tin.
Chin lc l quan nim lm th no c cch tranh th cc mc
tiu mt cch tt nht trong mt cuc xung t (bo ng hay bt bo
ng). Chin lc lu n vic c nn u tranh hay khng, khi no, v
nh th no, v lm cch no t c hiu qu ti a, tranh th
mt s mc ch no . Chin lc l k hoch cho vic phn phi, thch
nghi, v p dng thc tin nhng phng tin c c tranh th
nhng mc tiu mong mun.
Chin lc cng c th bao gm nhng n lc to ra mt hon cnh
chin lc thun li n c th t c thnh cng m khng cn c
mt cuc u tranh cng khai. p dng vo chnh cuc u tranh, chin
lc l tng nn tng cho vic chin dch s phi khai trin nh th
no, v lm cch no nhng b phn tch ri s phi n khp li vi
nhau mt cch thun li nht cho vic t c cc mc tiu.
Chin lc cp n vic xt nh nhng kt qu theo sau mt s
hnh ng no ; ni n s thit lp mt k hoch hnh ng rng ln;
ni n vic quyt nh kho lo v vn iu ng cc nhm u tranh
cho nhng hnh ng nh; ni n vic xt nh nhng iu kin thnh
cng trong vic s dng k thut la chn; v ni n vic dng s
thnh cng cho cng vic tt p.
Chin dch vn hnh bn trong khun kh ca i chin lc. Cc
chin thut v phng php u tranh c s dng thc thi chin
lc. c hu hiu hn c, cc chin thut v phng php phi
c chn la v p dng nh th no chng c th h tr vic ng
dng chin lc v ng gp vo vic hi nhng iu kin thnh cng.
Gene Sharp
21
Gene Sharp
23
CHNG BA
Gene Sharp
25
Gene Sharp
27
c nhng khuyn co chi tit v vic thit k, y/c xem Gene Sharp, Tin Hnh u Tranh Bt
Bo ng: Thc Hnh ca Th K Th Hai Mi v Tim Nng ca Th K Hai Mi Mt. Sp xut
bn.
Gene Sharp
29
PH LC MT
Gene Sharp
31
Gene Sharp
33
Gene Sharp
35
Gene Sharp
37
PH LC HAI
Th chng i hay ng h
Tuyn ngn ca cc t chc hay c s
Tuyn co cng cng c ch k
Tuyn ngn buc ti v by t d tnh
Kin ngh ca nhm hay ca tp th qun chng
________________________________________________________________
7
Gene Sharp
Din Hnh
38. Tun hnh
39. Din hnh
40. m rc tn gio
41. Hnh hng
42. on xe m t
Vinh Danh nhng Ngi Qu C
43. tang chnh tr
44. m tang gi v
45. Bin l an tng thnh biu tnh
46. Cng khai biu l s tn knh ti nhng ni chn ct
T Hp Cng Khai
47. T hp chng i hay ng h
48. Mt tinh chng i
49. Mt tinh chng i ngu trang
50. Hi lun vi vi ba thuyt trnh vin thng sut vn
Rt Lui v Cng Khai T B
51. Bi cng t nhin
52. Thinh lng
53. Khc t cc vinh danh
54. T b
39
Gene Sharp
Hnh ng Bi Chnh Ph
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
Cm vn ni a
Vo s en cc nh bun i tng
Cm vn cc nh bun quc t
Cm vn nhng ngi mua quc t
Cm vn mu dch quc t
Bt hp tc kinh t: nh cng
Nhng cuc nh Cng C Tnh Biu Tng
97. nh cng phn i
98. Bi cng nhm l (nh cng chp nhong)
Nhng cuc nh Cng Nng Nghip
99. Nng dn nh cng
100. Nhn cng nng tri nh cng
nh Cng Bi cc Nhm c Bit
101.
102.
103.
104.
41
nh cng ring r
nh cng tip ni
Ln cng
nh cng bng cch lm ng theo lut
Bo co bnh (khai bnh)
nh cng bng cch t nhim
nh cng c gii hn
nh cng chn lc
Gene Sharp
43
Ngi bm tr
ng bm tr
Din hnh bng xe
Li nc/bn phn i
i vng vng
Tp trung cu nguyn
t kch bt bo ng
t kch bt bo ng bng my bay
Xm ln bt bo ng
Xen k vo gia mt cch bt bo ng
Gy cn tr bt bo ng
Chim c bt bo ng
Can Thip v X Hi
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
Gene Sharp
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
45
Thch thc cm vn
Lm bc gi v ng c chnh tr
Mua chn ht hng ho
Tch thu ti sn
Thi hng ho
Bo tr c chn lc
To nhng th trng thay th khc
To nhng h thng vn ti thay th khc
To nhng c ch kinh t thay th khc
PH LC BA
C THM
Peter Ackerman v Jack Duvall, Mt Lc Lng Hng Mnh Hn: Mt
Trm Nm u Tranh Bt Bo ng. New York: St. Martin Press, 2000.
Peter Ackerman v Christopher Kruegler, u Tranh Bt Bo ng Chin
Lc: ng Nng ca Sc Mnh Nhn Dn trong Th K Th Hai Mi.
Westport, Connecticut and London: Praeger, 1994.
Ronald McCarthy v Gene Sharp, cng vi Brad Bennett, u Tranh Bt
Bo ng: Mt Kim Ch Nam Nghin Cu. New York: Garland Publishing,
1994.
Gene Sharp v Bruce Jenkins, Chng o
Massachusetts: Albert Einstein Institution, 2003.
Chnh.
Boston,
Gene Sharp
47
CM T
Tp sch nh ny c xut bn nh s h tr ti chnh ca Qu Ti
Tr Hip Hi Nghin Cu Ho Bnh Quc T (International Peace
Research Association Foundation).
. Hardy Merriman thuc Vin Albert Einstein h tr rt nhiu trong
vic son tho ti liu ny, bng cch c vn, nh gi cc bn vn cn
em vo, bng nhng k nng bin tp, v bng s qun l nhng dn
xp cho vic in n. Jamila Raqib c nhng li c vn v ph bnh hu
ch.
Chng Mt, Tm Ra Mt Gii Php Thc Tin Thay Th cho Chin
Tranh v Bo Lc Khc, c da trn mt bi thuyt trnh c trnh
by ti mt hi ngh phi hp gia Hip Hi Nghin Cu Ho Bnh (Peace
Studies Association) vi T Hp v Nghin Cu Ho Bnh, Gio Dc v
Pht Trin (Consortium of Peace Research, Education and Development)
c t chc ti Loudon, New York, vo thng T, 1999. Trong dp ny
Gene Sharp c trao tng Gii Thnh Qu Sut i v Nhng
Nghin Cu Ho Bnh (Peace Studies Lifetime Achievement Award).
Ti cm n Chris Miller, Charles Bloomstein, Lloyd (Jeff) Dumas,
Walter Conser, Carolyn Stephenson, v Ken Bresler v nhng gi v
bin tp.
Chng Hai, S Quan Trng ca Thit K Chin Lc trong u Tranh
Bt Bo ng trc y cha tng c xut bn di dng ny.
Chng Ba, Nhng Bc trong Vic Thit K Chin Lc cho Nhng
Cuc u Tranh Bt Bo ng Chng cc Ch c Ti l mt bn
duyt li ca mt bi c trnh by ti mt hi ngh ca Vin Ho Bnh
Hoa K v Trung Tm Quc T v u Tranh Bt Bo ng (United Sates
Institute of Peace v International Center on Nonviolent Conflict) Aerlie
House ti Warrenton, Virginia, ngy 9 thng Ging, 2002, cng vi s hp
tc ca Freedom House.
Ph Lc Mt, Danh Mc nhng T Quan Trng trong u Tranh Bt Bo
ng, c trch tuyn t mt bn tho ln hn nhiu ca Gene
Sharp v t ng v cc nh ngha trong lnh vc u tranh bt bo ng
v nhng ti lin h, m cho n nay (2003) vn ang cn tip din.
Ph Lc Hai, 198 Phng Php u Tranh Bt Bo ng da vo cun
Chnh Tr ca Hnh ng Bt Bo ng, Phn Hai, Nhng Phng Php
u Tranh Bt Bo ng ca Gene Sharp. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1973
v nhng n bn sau ny. Cun sch ny cha ng nhng nh ngha
chi tit, cc phn tho lun, v th d cho tng phng php. Mt bn vn
ging nh chng ny c pht hnh bi Vin Albert Einstein trong
Gene Sharp
49
CH THCH V CC BN DCH
V
VIC SAO IN LI TI LIU NY
c th c ph bin d dng, tp sch ny c a vo lnh
vc cng. iu ny c ngha l bt c ai cng c th t do sao in hoc
ph bin tp sch.
Tuy nhin, cc tc gi c mt vi yu cu, d rng khng ai phi c
trch nhim php l tho mn nhng yu cu ny.
Gene Sharp
51
V TC GI
Gene Sharp, T.S. Trit (DH Oxford), Hc Gi Cao Cp ti Vin Albert
Einstein ti Boston, Massachusetts. ng c bng C Nhn v Cao Hc ti
i Hc Ohio State, v bng Tin S Trit v l thuyt chnh tr ti i Hc
Oxford. ng cng l Gio S Thc Th Hu Tr v Khoa Hc Chnh
Tr ca i Hc Massachusetts Darthmouth. Trong gn sut ba mi nm
ng gi mt chc v nghin cu ti Trung Tm Quc T V ca i Hc
Harvard. ng l tc gi ca nhiu cun sch, gm c The Politics of
Nonviolent Action [Chnh Tr ca u Tranh Bt Bo ng] (1973),
Gandhi As a Political Strategist [Gandhi nh l mt Chin Lc Gia Chnh
Tr] (1979), Social Power and Political Freedom [Sc Mnh X Hi v T
Do Chnh Tr] (1980), Making Europe Unconquerable [Lm Cho u Chu
Khng Th B Chinh Phc c] (1985), Civilian-based Defense [Phng
V Da Trn Cn Bn Dn S] (1990), v From Dictatorship to
Democracy [T c Ti n Dn Ch] (1993 v 2002). Mt cun sch
chnh yu ang c son tho (2003) l cun Waging Nonviolent
Struggle: Twentieth Century Practice and Twenty-First Century Potential
[Tin Hnh u Tranh Bt Bo ng: Thc Hnh ca Th K Th Hai
Mi v Tim Nng ca Th K Hai Mi Mt]. Cc tc phm ca ng
c xut bn bng trn ba mi ngn ng.