================== MPLS FUNDAMENTAL ========================

New Ways to route packets : Label Based Forwarding

- Routing/Forwarding :
IP Based (layer 3) vs Label Based (Layer 2.5)
Vocabulary :
- Labels -> 32bits (20bits inject route, 3bits EXP for qos, 1bit Stack, 8bits TT
L)
- Label Switched Path (LSP)
- Label Switch Router (LSR)
- Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) port udp 646
- CE, PE, P Routers
- Routing Information Base (RIB)
- Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
- Label Information Base (LIB)
- Label Forwarding Information Base (LFIB)
- Virtual Routing & Forwarding (VRF)
Native
IF
IPv4 IPv4 MPLS MPLS -

IP &
THEN
IPv4
MPLS
MPLS
IPv4

Labeled :
(FIB)
(LFIB)
(LFIB)
(FIB)

LDP ROUTER ID :
- Configured Manually
- Highest IP on Loopback
- Highest IP on Interface
TRANSPORT ADDRESS :
- Configured
- Router-ID
Show Commands :
- sh ip bgp vpnv4 rd x.x.x.x:x labels
- show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd x.x.x.x:x labels
- show mpls forwarding table vrf xxx:xxx
- sh ip cef vrf xxx:xxx x.x.x.x/x
- sh bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf xxx:xxx
- show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf xxx:xxx x.x.x.x/x
- traceroute/ping mpls ipv4 5.5.5.5/32
================== MPLS FUNDAMENTAL ========================
MPLS Basics :
- Each router assigns a locally significant label for each IP route, and adverti
ses
label for each IP route, adn advertises the labels to neighbors.
- Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is used to exchange labels.
- Uses the IP routing information to determine the direction and next hop to for
ward
a labeled packet
MPLS Acronyms and Terms :
- LSR - Label Switch Router
- Router that supports MPLS
- Ingress LSR

- Provider Edge (PE) first hop. Takes IP naked transit packet and pushes/impos
es
new label and forwards.
- Intermediate LSR
- Provider (P) takes labeled packet and swaps labels and forwards to next LSR.
- Egress LSR
- Provider Edge (PE) last hop. Pops/disposes label and forwards naked IP packe
t.