Contrastive grammatical between

Bahasa Indonesia and English

Teddy Hidayat

20121250

Contrastive

Analysis means the comparison of two

languages by paying attention to differences and
similarities between languages being compared. For
example, we compare Bahasa Indonesia and English

Robert

Lado (1957:59) states that, based on the

similarities and differences between L1 and L2, then
the level of students learning difficulties can be
divided in two, they are easy and difficult.
Difficulties are concerning difficulties in the areas of
phonology and structure.

In applying contrastive analysis in the

classroom, the teacher can use linguistic
aspects, such as phonology and syntax.
Phonology
Phonology is the study of sounds
distribution in a language and the
interaction between those different sound

Bahasa Indonesia
Vowels

a
i
u
e
o

Example 1

English
Vowels
Long

i: cream, seen
: burn, firm
: hard, far
: corn, faun
U: bloom, glue

Example 2
Syntax
Syntax means the study of the rules that
govern the ways in which words combine
to form phrases, the idea of plural, and
sentence.
1. Phrase
Bahasa Indonesia
Rumah besar
Nenek saya
Pada pagi hari
Pada malam hari

English
Big house
My grandmother
In the morning
At night

2. The Idea of Plural

Plural here refers to the form of a noun or a verb which refers to
more than one person or thing. No definite rules how to create a
plural form of a word except by reduplicating it, e.g rumahrumah, mobil-mobil.
Bahasa Indonesia

English

Serigala itu binatang

a wolf is an animal
Wolves are animal
Wolf is animal

3. Sentence structure

A short hand way of saying that pattern is; a sentence consists of Noun
Phrase and Verb Phrase
Indonesian

English

NP.VP

NP.VP

PamanpergikeSurabayatadimalam
Kakakkekampusnaikmotor
Ibukepasarnaikbecak

UnclewenttoSurabayalastnight
Brotherridesmotorbiketocampus
Mothergoestomarketbypedicab

Note: NP: Noun Phrase

AP: Adjective Phrase

Adv P: Adverbial Phrase

VP : Verb Phrase

4. Passive and Object-Focus Construction

The passive form of a verb phrase contain this pattern; be + past participle, e.g is bitten, was
stolen, can be taken. In Indonesian, passive is shown by adding di- before a verb, e.g dimakan,
ditipu, dipermalukan. In most clauses, the subject refers to the doer, or actor of the action of the
verb (Leech and friends, 2003).

Bahasa Indonesia

English

P:Makananitutidakdimakanolehsaya

A:Ididnoteatthatfood

A:Sayatidakmemakanmakananitu

P:Thatfoodwasnoteatenbymeyet

Makananitutidaksayamakan*
Tidaksayamakanmakananitu*
Note: A: Active

P:Passive

* NonCanonical Passive/Object focus

Indonesian

English

OrangtuayangditemuiRikadisekolahadalah
kakeknya
*OrangtuayangRikamenemuidisekolah..

Theoldman(whom)Rikametattheschoolwashis
grandfather

DemonstrasiyangsayatontondiTVsangat
menakutkan
*DemonstrasiyangsayamenontondiTV.

DemonstrationIwatchedonTVwasveryscary

Errors such as *Orang tua yang Rika menemui di sekolah.or *Demonstrasi

yang saya menonton di TVare common to occur in the speech or writing
produced by speakers of English learning Indonesian. Apparently, this is a kind
of error known in TEFL as transfer. That is the carrying over of a syntactic
structure in English into Indonesian (Kadarisman, 2002:3).

Conclusion
In teaching and learning English as second
language, contrastive analysis is really helpful for
both the teachers and the students, because we
will know the differences and similarities between
source language (L1) and target language (L2).
Therefore, it is easy for us to learn and adjust to
the target language. So that, we do not
incorporate the system of our source language to
the target language, because each language has
distinct system

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