Lecture8

StephenG.Ribarits
sribarits@bcit.ca
Office:Room202SW9
(604)4328332

Counter
Clockwise
(CW)

Clockwise
(CW)

Averages

Averages

ConstantAccelerationEquations

ConstantAccelerationEquations

1
2

1
2
2

Relations
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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

Section163
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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

Whydon'tpeopleontheRoundup ridefalloutwhentheyareatthetop?
Theremustbesomeinvisibleforce thatiscounteractinggravity!
Wewilllearnthatafreeparticle(i.e.,a
human)hastobeacceleratedtofeelaforce.
Butwealreadylearnedthat
angularacceleration isgivenby:

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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

Aparticleistravelinginacircleof
radius .Imaginethemotionas,at
everyinstant,aropeattachedtothe
particleispullingittangential tothe
circle.Iftheropehasconstantspeed
,thenwealreadyknowthatthe
angularvelocity oftheparticleis,

Let'slookatrotational
motionindetail

MECH2241(W2015)Dynamics

Wealsoknowthatiftheimaginary
ropeispulledwithconstant
acceleration (meaningthespeed
wouldbeincreasingordecreasing),
thattheangularaccelerationofthe
particleis,

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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

Sincetheaccelerationdepicted
inthepreviousslideis
tangentialtothecircle,letus
denoteitwithasubscript ,
tangential
acceleration

Nowlet'sreconsiderthecase
wheretheimaginaryropeis
pulledatconstantspeed ,
0

constant

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constant

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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

WeknowfromtheRoundup ride
discussionthattheremustbe an
accelerationintheconstantspeed
case.Sowheredoesitcomefrom?

=constant
= =

Letuslookattheparticleat
anotherposition onthecircle.

Thespeed atpoints and is

equal,howeverthedirection isnot.
Itisthechangeindirection thatis
causingtheacceleration.Fromour
previousworkweknowthat,

v
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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

,

constant
= =

Letuslookindetailatthechange
invelocity,
,overa
verysmallchangeinangle .

Thedirection of istoward
thecenterofthecircle.
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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

tocirclecenter

Weknowthat
because
thevelocitymagnitude isnot
changing.Let
,

cos
cos

2 1

cos

2 1

cos

butweknow,

Foraverysmall angle ,
cos 1

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inradians!

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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

2 1

cos 1

but

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2 1

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cos

normal
acceleration
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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

=tangential acceleration
Thisistheaccelerationdueto
achangeinspeed aroundthe
circle.
r

tangential
acceleration

=normal acceleration
Thisistheaccelerationdueto
achangeindirection around
thecircle.
normal
acceleration
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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

1. Asbefore,paycarefulattentiontosign
conventionofbothgivendataand
calculatedvalues.Ifinitialvelocityor
displacementispositive,thenacceleration
ispositiveanddecelerationisnegative.
2. Matingpulleysandgearshaveacommon
tangentialvelocity.
3. Forarotatingobject:
a) Ifangularvelocityiszero,
bepresent.
b) Ifangularaccelerationiszero,
maybepresent.
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but

may
but

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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

A1.2mwheel,mountedinaverticalplane,
acceleratesuniformlyfromrestat3rad/s2 for5
secondsandthenmaintainsuniformvelocityina
clockwisedirection.Determinethenormaland
tangentialaccelerationofapointatthetopof
thewheelfort=0secondsandt=6seconds.

Example
1110

At

seconds:
3

At

seconds:
0
15

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1.8

0.6

speedincreaseonlyto5seconds!
15

3
0.6

135

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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

PointAhasatotalaccelerationof240in/s2
Problem1165

35

FormemberABC,rotatingclockwise,determine:
a) angularvelocity
b) angularacceleration

Totalacceleration:
240

35
sin 35
cos 35
5
12

tan
5
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12

22.6
13

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NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

240

sin 35

22.6

240

cos 35

22.6

51.5

234.4

35
234.4
13
4.25
51.5
13
3.96
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 RelativeMotiononaplane

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ANGULAR MOTION KINEMATICS

1. Determinethenormalandtangential
accelerationsforpointPinthefigure.
(Answersan =270m/sec2,at =1.5m/sec2 )
2. TheobjectshowninthefigurerotatesaboutA
andacceleratesfromaninitialspeedof10rpm
to40rpmin5seconds.Att =5seconds,
determinethetotalaccelerationofpointBfor
thepositionshown.
(AnsweraB =87.8m/sec2 55.2)

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ANGULAR MOTION KINEMATICS

3. Acaracceleratesuniformlyfromrestto50mphoveradistanceof
1/8milealongacurveof700ftradius.Determinethetotal
accelerationattheinstantthatthespeedof50mphisreached.
(Answer8.69ft/sec2)
4. ThetotalaccelerationofapointAis4m/sec2 45.Formember
ABCDdetermine(a)theangularvelocity and(b)theangular
acceleration .
(Answer =3.3rad/secCCW, =2.17rad/sec2 CW)

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