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    Laminar Jet PDF

    Hochgeladen von

    Gia Minh Tieu Tu

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ‘US 2013030961841 cu») United States cz) Patent Application Publication — co) Pub. No.: US 2013/0309618 Al Horn et al. (34) LAMINAR FLOW JETS oy sce Horn, Mansfield, PA (US): Horn, Mansfield, PA (US) (72) Inveotors:. Wallace Horn, Mansfeld, PA (US): William Horn, Mansfield PA (US) (21) Appl. Nos 1:34952,036 (22) Filed: Jul, 26,2013 Related U, Application Data (63) Continuation-n-pare of application No, 13/209.538, fled on Aug. 15, 2011, which is 2 continuation of pplication No. 12/410.934, filed on Mar. 25, 200, now Pat. No, 8,087,928. Publication Classification GI) Inc F25C 508 F23D 1432 F23 1422 (2006.01) (2008.01) (2005.01) (43) Pub, Date Nov. 21, 2013 (2) US.CL CBC, F23C $8 (2013.01); F23D 14/22 (2013.01) F23D 1432 (201301) usec 431/181 on ABSTRACT A laminar low jt fora surface mix gas bumer that provides, increased stability, adjustability, and control over ame cheinistries and characteristics. The present invention wilizes ‘novel shape, typically ereated by a tube having a cross: sectional shape and inserting it into a faceplate ent, oF ‘conduit, having another erossssectonsl shape. This nesting of ‘one shape inside another promotes laminar gas flow and produces desired effets. Tubes may also be placed under the faceplate provided they maintain fuid communication with the conduits Frrther, a burner is constructed with adjacent gas delivery thes of different cross-sectional shapes which are mechani cally held in place radially. The tubes touch ina longitudinal direction at points along theie respective inner and outer ‘mensions, achieving axial alignment and preserving the necessary laminar gs How. This configuration greatly speeds ‘manufacturing time whieh allows production of economical Dbumers even when a ureater numberof jets is desire, Patent Application Publication Nov. 21,2013 Sheet 1 of 11 US 2013/0309618 Al 19 19 8 8 e) FIG.5 FIG.6 FIG.7 Patent Application Publication Nov. 21,2013 Sheet 2 of 11 US 2013/0309618 Al FIG.8 FIG,9 FIG.10 1 20. 28, S 50 19, 50" . oy a fo 52 FIG. 11 FIG.12 50 52 Patent Application Publication Nov. 21,2013 Sheet 3 of 11 US 2013/0309618 Al FIG.16 US 2013/0309618 AI Nov. 21, 2013 Sheet 4 of 11 Patent Application Publication FIG.17 fot 120,122 }——110 8 180 181 7 151 150 61 71 762 100. 182 121 103 Patent Application Publication Nov. 21,2013 Sheet Sof 11 US 2013/0309618 Al FIG.18 , 20 ” FIG.19 Patent Application Publication Nov. 21,2013 Sheet 6 of 11 US 2013/0309618 Al 232 232 By nerenoree wna 238 Hp FIG. 20 re (Prior Art) Og 236 FIG. 21 (Prior Art) Patent Application Publication Nov. 21,2013 Sheet 7 of 11 US 2013/0309618 Al US 2013/0309618 AI Patent Application Publication Nov. 21, 2013. Sheet 8 of 11 FIG. 23 Patent Application Publication Nov. 21,2013 Sheet 9 of 11 US 2013/0309618 Al FIG. 24 Patent Application Publication Nov. 21, 2013 Sheet 10 of 11 US 2013/0309618 Al FIG. 25 Patent Application Publication Nov. 21, 2013 Sheet 11 of 11 US 2013/0309618 Al 224. 223 FIG. 26a 225 220 233 235 FIG. 26b 243. FIG. 26c US 2013/0309618 Al LAMINAR FLOW JETS RELATED APPLICATIONS, [0001] This patent application is « continustion-in-par of ‘co-pending patent application Ser. No. 13/209,538, entitled Laminar Flow Jets” and ied Aug. 15, 2011, by the same inventors, priority of which is hereby claimed. That patent ‘application is 0 continuation of patent application Ser. No, 121410,934, also entitled “Laminar Flow Jes" fled Mar. 25, 2009, by the same inventors, since issued as U.S, Pat, No 8,087,928, on Jan. 3, 2012. The contents of these aforemen- tioned cross-referenced applications are hereby wholly ineor- porated by reference herein tothe present appli FIELD OF THE INVENTION {0002} This invention relates to a laminar flow jet and its use in laminar fuid flow delivery system, particularly a as bbumers (or “torch") for use in the glass and quartz working industries and other industrial fields. More specially, it relates to the shape and orientation of the jet, both singularly ad in an array, on a gas bumer and theie capacity for improved control over the mix of multiple gases, typically ‘oxygen gas and fue, allowing for greater adjustability over flame chemistries and maintenance over desired flame char- ‘eters, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 10003] _Gasbumers, or torches," are commonly use inthe industrial ats for producing a very hot fame 0 haad work material suchas glassand quart These devices are also used by jewelers, metal workers, and slversmiths, They can also have other uses including heating plastics. These burners are ‘capped off hy faceplates made of heat resistant material, typically stainless stel. Gases enter the body of the buract Jromasource sealed witha valve. Valves ate used tometer the tas into the bummer body by the user as needed. Gases travel From the bumer body tothe surface of the cepa throng a series of tubes, conduits, and isolated chambers. The greater the numberof different gases, the more intricate the tubing, ‘conduit, and chamber stricture within the burner. Gases travel through these inner workings and tothe surface ofthe Jaceplate through a series of strategically placed openings, oF “jes” These jets enable the gases to travel to the faceplate surface with laminar flow, The shape oe et greatly alfects the efectiveness of laminar low: Laminar flow is desired ast promotes a safer, more stble, and more coniolable Name, 10004} Jets also have great influence over the chemists, temperatutes, nd other characteristics ofthe Names. Ifthejet js shaped even slightly differently, fame attributes can ‘change drsstically, Poor jet design and shape can lead t0 Turbulent flow, inadequate mix of multiple gases, unstable flames, discoloration of glass, unwanted impurities (called “scumming”) and a number oF other consequeaces that make ‘lames unsuitable for glass working. ‘The jet shape, in con- junction with chemistry, ean also affect the physical charae- teristics ofthe flame, including is with, smoothness, and intensity 10005] _ Gas burners containing laminar flow jets that mi mize the aforementioned unssanted effects are highly desir able in the plass working industry. Preferred burners also ‘employ an array of multiple laminar Bow jets, each able to ‘concurrently emit two, sometimes more distnet gases. Nov. 21, 2013 [0006] Multpte wases can be sed individually or simulta ‘eously, and can be manipulated to achieve reduction, new- teal, oxidized, and over-oxidized Name chemistries, Ia this context, lame chemistry refers tothe resultant lame proper- ties cased by the mixtuze of two oF moee gases, typically ‘oxygen gas andcarbon-based fuel, Therefore, itisunobjectot the invention to get the most complete combustion out ofthe gasses for maximum efficiency and to enhance flame chem- ‘sty and heat density throughout the entire fame range. The laminae flow jet ofthe present invention provides maxim ‘control over ie flame fo manipulate multiple fame csrac- [0007] _Bumers obtain these chemistries not only throwgh ‘appropriate jet shape, but also through exact aligament and axial concentrcity of the inner tubes, conduits, and chambers that supply the differnt pases. The orientation of the jet on the gas burner faceplate also affects flame characteristics This requires difficult manufacturing process but is essential inestablishing laminar gas low that produeess high quality ‘nd efficient flame (ie. greatly reducing unburned pases). [0008] Production costs increase significantly asthe nam- ‘er of ets in the faceplate array increases. This s due in par, to tho greater number of holes and openings that mast be ‘manufactured into the faceplate 10 create effective laminar flow jets. Therefore more eficien jet design allows for fewer jets in the faceplate to equal the same heat output as torches ‘requiring many more ets in the faceplate. [0009] Eficeat jet allow the use of altemative oxygen sources that have lower pressure and flaw capabilities. Aer native oxygen sources are becoming widely used inthe form fof onsite oxygen concentrators and generators due to the increasing cost of tanked oxygen. [0010] Therefore, this invention also sims to reduce the r of openings in the faceplate, as needed, without affecting the jes" sbility to produce laminar How and main- ‘ain desired Name chemistries, Some embodiments of the present invention accomplish this goal with a two-gas jet, hile others utilize «three-gas, multiple opening, multiple tube configuration [0011] ‘There is therefore a nocd inthe art for a shape and Structure ofa laminar ow jet and its wse ina gas burner oth singularly and in an array to provide users with enhanced adjustability over flame chemistries, without sacrificing con- teol and stability of multiple gases so that high quality Dame ‘and desired chemistries are preserved. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0012] In order to meet a need in the art fora shape and Structure ofa laminar ow jet and its wse in a gas burner both singularly and in an array, to provide users with enhsnced adjustability over flame chemistries, without sacrificing con- {roland stability of mile gases so that high quality flame ‘and desited chemistries are preserved, the preset invention has boon devised [0013] The present invention is @ laminar low jet with @ ove shape, said shape allowing the jt to emanate multiple ‘aes and blend them at the bumer's faceplate surlace 10 achieve desired flame chemistries and characteristics. These {gases are individually received from mukiple sources and ‘subsequently’ fed into the burner body: Shapes may be basie and geometric, such a a cirele or square, or abstract, like a filigree or soowflake. Specifically, the novel jet shape is 2 combination of a fis, otter shape of greater dimension, having a second shape of smaller dimension inserted in it US 2013/0309618 Al through various means. Typically, the first shape having jrcater dimension is manifested as whole in the burner face- plate. The second shape of smaller dimension is typically armed by the cross-sectional shape ofa tubenested inside the faceplate hoe, 10014) Preferably, the novel jt shupe is an outer teardrop shape of greater dimension surrounding a substantially eireu- lar shape of lesser dimension, said circular shape created by @ tue with 9 circular cross-section, The circular tube divides the teardrop shaped opening into two separate hoes. These holes, aswell asthe holla tube that divides them, al pro- ote the unobstructed flow af gases. When precisely the ight ratio of gases emanating from these holes is achieved typi cally oxygen gas in the outer holes and fuel in the inner tuhe—ten this configuration provides for greatly enhanced ‘lame characteristics. Ios The mo cen ss of see hen ope shape ratios is by nesting one shupe inside another. Nest the smaller shape inside the lager divides the larger shape ‘nto multiple openings, as best envisioned by the circular tube-in-teardropopening configuration Generally the larger ‘outer shapeisereated by cutting outa portion ofthe faceplate, ‘often by dling. The smaller, incr shape is eeated by 3 tbe, The surface ofthe tbe is preferably fush withthe surface of the faceplate. Socurement between tube and inner wall ofthe faceplate opening occurs at longtudina) points along the Jengthof the outer wall and inner all af the opening directly ‘contacting each other, thns dividing the faceplate opening, intotwo sections. This configuration also ensures axial align- ‘ment ofthe tube and cutout along their lengths, a longitudi- nal points along the outer surface of the the directly contact Jongitudinl points along the inside wall ofthe faceplate, 10016) Although the present invention does not limit the ‘numberof shapes that can be nested inside each other, most ‘embodiments of the present invention have one shape nested inside the other, ie. one tube nested inside the faceplate ‘cutout. These embodiments are the most economical, a they require only two gases and minimal tubing. Inthe event that ‘another gas is needed, another tube is nested inside the firs tube to create addtional openings. Like the first tube and ‘cutout, the additional tube has a cross-sectional shape, and has longituinal points afong its outer wall in direct contact ‘vith longitudinal points along the inner wall of the irs tube. This configuration ensures stability of gases and proper axial janmeat of tubing. Further, the top surfaces of additional tubes are fash with the faceplate and firs, outer tube. Con- ‘eivably, the present invention does not limit dhe number of tubes that can be nested inside ofeach other as added tubes ‘Would futher eahance the contr over the Name ad provide better axial ligament 10017] _Inthiscontext,anaray refersto any combination or pattem ofa plurality of laminar fw jets. However, for opti mal results, the arrangement shouldbe configured to promote ‘desited flame characteristics. Therefore, multiple laminae flow jets should be arranged in a way that promotes desired ‘lame shaped chemistries. For example, an array of laminae flow jets with circular tbe-n-teardrop cutout nesting shape ‘ean be anranged in a ring around the circumference of the faceplate, Another array may also exist inthe center of the faceplate, Different groups andioraraysof ets donot need to resemble each other. A feeplate may contain an array of ets ‘configured ina ring on it omter rim and also contain an inner array resembling. grid flower patter, or another ring fet, Nov. 21, 2013 [0018] laminar low jet delivers the different gases to the iceplatesurlace where they are ignited and used for glass working, Prior to arriving atthe faceplate, each gas comes Irom a separate and distinct source, usually a storage tank. After arriving from these sources, gnses typically pass ‘through valve before entering the body ofthe burner. la this context, valves are dviees that allow usors to metee specific ‘Quantities of gas into the burner. The volume of gas may be changed as neoded, as the ratio of gases also affects flame chemistries. Afler passing the valve, cach gas enters the body ofthe burner andl contained ina separate, isolated chamber. Chambers are Muidight, preventing seepage of one cham: ber's contents into another. The burner as one chamber for each gas used, Preferably, the present invention utilizes two gases, typically oxygen gas and fe; in this respect, the ‘bum body should have two separate chambers, [0019] Chambers are stacked in parallel relative tothe face- plate sues that when the burner i held vertically the ebam- bers resemble floors in a bilding with the faceplate acting as the roof. Inthis particular configuration, a first, bottom cham berisat the basco the biracrbody. a second, top chambersits fon top of the first, and the faceplate caps off the second ‘chain, ditional chambers housing additional gases are stacked inthe same fashion. A capped faceplate provides & ‘uidight sel between itand the burner body. When working ‘with fuel and oxygen gas inthe two-chambor embodiment, the felis housed atthe frst, bottom chamber furthest from the faceplate and the chamber containing the oxygen sepa- ‘nites the fuel chamber and faceplate, [0020] Since the chambers are fudtigh, the only way gas fan travel from the fin, bottom chamber tothe faceplate surface is through a ibe. A frst end of the tube is in vid ‘communication with the fst, bottom chamber and ts second tend is exposed and flush with the faceplate. The eross-see- ‘ional shape of this tube forms the ianer, nested shape ofthe laminar flow jet and divides the faceplate eutout that defines the outer shape, thus forming separate opesings. The portion ‘of tube between the io ends extends through the second, op chamber containing the other gas. Additional rihes leading 10 extra chambers are axially nested inside omer tubes as prove ously described and extend through additional chambers the same fashion as the two-chamber configuration [021] Usually, each laminar flow: jet utilizes its own int vidual tube (and an ational tube for every additional gs). However, alterste embodiments allow fora single ube leay= ing the fist chamber and branching out to several tubes that ‘rein communication with the surface of the Iaceplae, Other ‘embodiments can contain @ combination ofthese tube con- figurations; for instance, one jet can use one tube alone while fn array on the same faceplate ean use a single tube that imately branches out. These branches will typically have the same cross-sectional shape, ensuring uniform laminar flow jet shape and strocture, but this is not required. This invention is aot limited in the number of cross-sectional shapes found across multiple jets on the same faceplate ‘Tubes are typically made ofthe same heat resistant material as the faceplate but eon be made of a different, yet sill heat resistant, material. 0022} "Gas travels from the top chamber tothe faceplate surlace through a conduit, In this context, a conduit is the cavity outlined by the outer shape eutot inthe faceplate and bounded by the outside wall of the tube and the length ofthe faceplate, Fach laminar flow jt contains at least one condi ‘Maay conduits ean be fed from a single source, chamber, US 2013/0309618 Al feed, valve or other passageway that delivers gas. In the preferred oxyzen as and luel embodiment the oxygen pas housed in the top chamber, ows through the conduits 10 reach the faceplate surface. When a ube sin proper position, itdividesthe condutinto separate segments, Gastravels from the top chamber and trough the conduit all around the out- side of the tube except at the longitudinal poins where the ‘side al ofthe tube isindliret contact withthe inside wall, ‘of the faceplate throughout the length ofthe faceplate. 10023] For insiance, when the omer shape of the laminar flow et is a teardrop, and the inner shape (i.e. the exoss- sectional shape of the tube) is a cirle, the circular tube livides the teardrop into two separated segments. The sex ‘ment a the rounded end ofthe teardrop resembles a crescent ‘moon shape, and the segment atthe pointed end resembles 2 triangle with an agcuate base. The spaces defined by the crescent moon shape and pointed shape ofthe overall tear- “drop are both in communication with the top chamber but are notin communication with cach other throwghout the length ‘ofthe faceplate a they are separated by the tube. This aspect ‘of the invention highlights dae importance of having longi ‘inal points along the outer surce ofthe tube dineety tact longitudinal points along the inside wal ofthe faceplate Im the instance that this direct contaet does not eeu, axial jgnment ofthe tube and extout may be thrown off. Further, ‘an excess of ether gas can mix into the flame, cresting ‘unwanted chemistries. 10024] Having inereased control over flame chemisties isa Primary objet ofthis invention, Further, the laminar Mow jet ‘of the present invention is not restricted to specific types of Flame chemistries. Instead, the current invention provides ‘enhanced stability and control over many flame chemists, ‘including, but not limited to: reduction flame, neutral ae, ‘oxidized lame, and. over-oxidized flame. Redution flame ‘chemistry refers tothe excess unburnt fuel inthe fame that ‘contains carbon. Depending on the need, reduction famecan, be used for certain types of glass to strike color or create & hazing effect. Aiteratively, undesired redaction flames can “scum” glass, meaning it instills unwanted impurities in the ‘lass, and can ultimately destroy the workpiece. Neutral Flame chesnistry refers tothe balance of fuel and oxygen gas in the flame. Oxidized flame chomistey refers to the excess ‘unbuent oxygen inthe Name, and, ke elution fame, is used for certzin types of glass to strike color or create visual ‘effects, Over-oxidized fame chemistry refers to the extreme ‘excess of unbumt oxygen in the flame. An undesired over- ‘oxidized flame usually scums glass similar wo reduetion Same 10025] _As previously described, the Taminar flow jet shape ‘and chemistry affect physical characteristics of the Name Reduction and neutea Name chemistries lead to ide, bushy flames with a smooth shape. Neutral, oxidized, and over- ‘oxidized flame chemistries create hard, narrow, and eving flames with pinpoint shapes. Since the present invention allows for inereased adjustability over lame chemistries, users can obtain a wider varity of fame characteristics as ‘compared to laminar low jets and burners already known in thear. 0026] An altemate embostiment ofthe invention accounts ora configuration in which mbes are not ish with the top oF the faceplate. Instead, the top surface of the tube directly ‘contacts the bottom surface of the faceplate, This embod tment uses specifically manvfactured holes and pharality of ‘conduits to form an efficient lamin flow jets opposed tothe Nov. 21, 2013 ‘ube-in-cutout configuration previously describe. The face- plate in thisease, includes at least two individually manufac- {ured openings, both of which act as conduits. Atleast one of the conduits i in communication witha tube, which termi ates at the base ofthe faceplate, The other end ofthe tube is in Muid communication with an isolated, bottom ebamber ‘nso the burner The other conduit sin eommunieation with the chamber closest tothe faceplate, as i consistent to the previously disclosed embodiments [0027] Additionally, n previously disclosed embodiments, the tbe is flush with the surfice of the faceplate and the conduits are defined ss the volume inside the Faceplate ia direct communication with the top chamber as bounded! by ‘the outer walls of thetube, Here, when the faceplates secured to the bumer body, it isolates the tube such tat the wss only lows from the tbe into this conduit, The gas then trvels from the conduit othe surface of the feceplate, but never into ‘other chambers ofthe burner bod. [0028] Furher, since the tube terminates at the base of the Taceplate and doesnot passthrough the conduit, the faceplate may contain an undrilled portion that divides the conduit. ‘These unctilled portions, specifically designed to promote proper laminar airflow and cesire lamecharocteristis, pass iretly over the tube to create diferent conduit shapes. This ‘configuration provides the division in the openings that func- ‘ion similarly to the nested shape design of the preferred embodiments 0029] ‘The present invention secounts for a plurality of ‘hese laminae Nw ets specifically areanged ona ure head ‘o acquire and adjust a variety of glass-working flames, Jets are specifically arranged to maximize the stability of Tame ‘nd maintain laminar Row, aswell as obtain the desired flame chemistries and characterises, According othe invention, a bbumer head is constnicted with adjacent gas delivery tuhes of fleet geometric cross-sectional shapes which are ‘mechanically held in place radially The tubes housing sepa- rate pases (Ouch in a longitudinal dreetion at points along thoie respective inner and outer walls so that precise axial alignment whether coaxial or axially offset, is achieved while preserving the necessary laminar gas Row. This onfigeration greatly speeds the manufacturing time, allowing preduction ‘of economical bumers even when a greater number of face- plate jets is desired. For bumers that utilize three or more fases (and therefore having at least two tubes), the nibe-to- tube contacts also beneficial to the operation of the burner by proving & heat tansfer path vay fromthe innermost tube, ‘whieh prevents overheating, [0030] Examples of the simplest geometric tube shapes ‘employed are, for example, a square within a citee, or con- versely, a circle within @ square. In the former case, the ‘outside diagonal dimension ofthe square is almost equal t0 the inside diameter ofthe surrounding eirculaetube sothat the abutment of the tbes along the outside ofthe eomers ofthe ‘square ensures precise coaxial aligament without requiring the precision assembly necessary to hold two coaxial, non- touching circular tubes such that each tube is held precisely centered by its end, @ postion necessary to maintain the ‘evenness ofthe laminae gas How as seen in the prior at Ia ‘cordance with the invention, the later example ofa square ‘ube surtounding circular tube provides direct mechanical ‘means through radial interference to maintain the desired coaxial alignmeat of the tubes. In his ease, the outside ofthe circular tube is dimensioned to he equal othe inside dimten- sion of the surrounding square tube between opposite sides US 2013/0309618 Al Thhe two tubes therefore are in contact at Hines along four points around the cicumlerence of the circular inne tube Iaere they meet the inside walls ofthe outer square tube. In ther case, the alignment is maintained by direct mechanical ‘contact between the tubes along their sides rather than hold jing them in noa-contacting elation by a supporting structure tend points ofthe tubes as inthe prior at Ibwll be readily ‘understood therefor thatthe preset system provides much ‘more economical means of producing a par of axially posi tioned gas et, It hs also been found tht the Bame charac- teristics are improved and earbon-buildup is reduced. [0031] |More specifically. the present inveation allows the Jaminar axial ow of diferent combined fis comprising & first Muid condi be having afist erss-sectonal shape and ‘second fluid condnit tube having a second cross-sectional shape wherein longitudinal points along an inside wall fone ‘of sid tubes are in contact with longitudinal point along 2 side wall ofthe other tube for radially maintaining axial jgnment along their length. The space between said tubes is ‘conduit for one of said Muids, At faceplate, the tubes open, to the sumounding atmosphere at a common longitudinal terminus where the Muids tre combined. 0032] -Inoneembodimentot the invention, a gas burner for producing fame comprises ahead portion including. face- Plate being the terminus af a plurality of elongate axially aligned yas delivery tubes. Atleast two of said tubes deliver ‘wo different types of fue o said faceplate. fist tbe has 2 first polygonal cross-sectional shape anda second tube hasan arcunte cross-sectional shape. Longittdinal points along an inside wall ofthe frst tube are in contact along longitudinal Fine onan outside wall ofthe second tube for maintaining the axial alignment ofthe tubes, [0033] "Inorderto provide yet greater economies of prode- Ing the present invention, an altemate embodiment of the invention employs faceplate inserts to provide the desired non-circular geomet shape so that each non-circular shape does not have to be individually cut out of the faceplate material 10034] "In this respect, before explaining at least one ‘embodiment ofthe invention in detail it isto be understood thatthe invention isnot mite i ts application tothe details ‘ofconstruction and tothe arrangements of the components st orth in the following description or illustrated in the davs- ings. The invention is capable of ether embodiments snd of being practiced and ead out in various Way’. ISO itis 10 bbe understood that the phmassology and. terminology ‘employedtterein are forthe purpose of description and should rot be regarded as limiting. 10035] As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized asa basis forthe designing of exer sruc- tures, methods, and systems for carrying out the several pur- poses ofthe present invention. Its important, therefor; that the claims be regarded as incling such equivalent construc- tions insofaras they donot depart from the sprit and scope of the present invention. These and other eonstections will bocome obvious to those skilled in the at fom the following “drawings and detailed description ofthe prefered embod BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS. 10036] FIG. 1 isa top front isometric view of a teardrop shaped cutout for use in laminar flow jet of the present invento Nov. 21, 2013 {0037] FIG. 2 isa top frat isomette view of teardeop shaped clout with acted cio tube for use ia laminar How jt ofthe present invention [0038] FIG, 3 isa top font isometec view of @ generally Fightball shaped eatout for use ia lina le jt othe preseaineation, {0039} “FIG. 41s atop front isometric view ofa generally Jightblb shaped cutout witha nestod eieulr tube for sein ‘laminar ow jet of the peesatinvention, {0040} FIGS. 8.8 are top plan views of altemate embodi- ‘ments ofthe nested tubesin-utout configuration fr use ina Jamar fo et show in FIGS. 2 and [0041] FIG. 9isatop plan view ofa artop shaped cutout witha nested eieularfube fr sein a laminar Hl et of the presealieation [0042] FIG. 10 isa top plan view ofa teardop shape aout with a neste square ube foe use in laminar ow jt othe present invention. [0043] "FIG. 11 isa top plan view ofa gnerally hub shaped cutout with neste circle tube fr use ina laminar flo jet of the preset invention {0048} “FIG. 12 is top plan view of a generally shaped cutout with nesed square tube for use fet of the preset svention, (0045) "FIGS. 13-14 are top plan views of a gas bumer Taveplate featuring an array of teardeop shaped eatout with 3 ested citcular tube laminae ow jets arrange in an outer lightbulb ‘sTaaninar [0046] FIGS. 1816 are top plan views of a gas burner faceplate featuring an array of @ generally Hihtbulb shaped cutout with a nested eireulae tbe laminar Now jets arranged ‘nan outer ring. [0047] FIG. 17 is font isometric euteway view of a gas bumer ofthe present invent [0048] FIG. 18 is a top plan view ofan altemate embod- ‘ment of the present invention featuring a series of tubes that are not flush to the suave [0049] FIG. 19 is atop plan view of another altemate embodiment the present invention as shown in FIG. 18ina series on a bumer faceplate. [0080] "FIG. 20 isa side elevation cross-section view of @ prior art gas bumer head [0081] FIG. 21 isatopplan view ofthe prior art bumer head showa in FIG. 20 {0052} FIG. 22 sa top front isometric view ofa burnerhead ofthe invention. [0088] FIG. 23 isa top front isometric exploded view ofthe ‘bumer head shown in FIG. 22. [0084] FIG. 24s atop front isometric view ofan alternate embodiment of the invention [0088] FIG. 28is top front isometric asembly view taken ofthe altemate embodiment shown in FIG. 24 (0086) FIGS. 260, 6 and e are diagrams showing gas jet configurations DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS, [0057] ‘The following detailed description and correspond- ing drawings are ofthe bes cureenly contemplated modes of carrying out exemplary embodiments ofthe invention. The ‘scription snot toe taken ina limiting sense, hut is made {or the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention US 2013/0309618 Al 10058] FIG. 1 depits a teardrop shaped cutout 1 for use i a laminar flow jet 10. The eutout 1 is made in a faceplate 2 shown here asa section. The faceplate 2s generally made of ‘any heat resistant material but typically stainless steel. The ‘ufout 1 hasa roundel end 3 of specific diameter and forming ‘a partial rele, Before the cirele is compere, the sides 4 taper ‘off and come together ata point §, wherein the point § is, preferably opposite the Furtherost point 6 of nde end 3. The teardrop shaped cutout 1 extends all the way through Jaceplate 2 to create conduit 7. Condit 7 is adapted to accept a tube 8 as seen in FIG. 2. Preferably, conduit 7 isin ful ‘communication witha top chamber 140 ofthe buraer 100, allowing the flow of oxygen gas to reach the surface of face” plate 2 us best viewed in PIG. 17. 10059] FIG. 2 depicts the preferred embodiment of asin ular laminar flow jet in which teardrop shaped eutout 1 ‘accepts circular tube 8, said tbe B extending through conduit, 7.Cirwular tube 8 as a specific thickness 9 thats predeter mined such that desired flame chemistries and maximum flame control are achieved. The tube 8 is in fi communi- ‘ation with a bottom chamber 130 of the bumer 100 allowing the flow of fuel to travel throng the nner cavity 11 of tbe 8 and reach the surface of feplate 2s hest viewed in FIG. 17 ‘Theouter wall 12 and 13 of tube 8 directly contacts the inner wall Sand 16 of conduit at longitudinal points 19 through- ‘out the length of tube 8 aad conduit 7. 10060] This direct contaet eflectively divides conduit 7 into ‘wo separated, isolated conduit section 20 and 30, Soction 20 (Ge. the portion representing the point of the teardrop) is bounded by a portion of outer wall 12 of tube 8 ands porion ‘of inner wall 16 of conduit section 20, section 20 has 3 ‘ross-secional shape of triangle with inverted arcuate seg ment 25at the base, sid triangle topped by the teardrop point 5, Section 30 is bounded by a portion after wall L3of tube ‘and portion of inner wall 18 of conduit section 30. Section 30 has a cross-sectional shape of a crescent moon, wherein the points of said eescent moon terminate atthe longitudinal points 19. Oxygen gas is fre to low all Uuoughout conduit sections 20 and 30 excep at longitudinal points 19 where the tube & seals and isolates the two segments. The division of ‘conduit 7 into sections 20 and 30 does not affet the lowing, ‘of carbon-based fuel throughout inner tube cavity H. [0061] FIG. 3 ilusirates an alternate embodiment of the invention: a generally lightbulb shaped eutout 38, Unlike the tapered sides 4 and teardrop point § ofthe prefered embod ‘ment seen in FIG. I, the cuts 35 features rounded segment 436, This rounded segment 36 represents the “hase” of the lightbulb 10062] Similarly, FIG. 4 depicts the alremate embegiment ‘ofa singular laminar flow jet in whieh lightbulb shaped cutout 5 accepts circular tube’ &, said tube 8 extending through ‘conduit 40, Tube 8 divides conduit 40 two isolated sections 46 and 8 inthe same fashion as depicted in FIG. 2 soeh that ‘oxygen gas may flow freely throughout the conduit sections 446 and 48 except where longitudinal points 19 along the length of tube 8 ircely contat the inner wall 4 of conduit 40. [0063] Isolated section 46, (Le. the portion epresenting the base of the lightbulb) is bounded by a portion of the ater wall 12 of ube 8 and inner wall 42, and has diferent cross- sectional shape than the pointed triangle with arcuate base 25. Instead, the ross-sectional shape of conduit section 46 has 3 ‘crescent moon shape, hounded by rounded segment 36 as its ‘outer diameter and interior diameter 4S Interior diameter 45 Nov. 21, 2013 uch shorter Fength than that of outer wall 13 of tube 8 defines the interior diameter for the eresceat moon cross-section of conduit section 48 (and, similarly, setion 30 shown in FIG. 2), Section 48 is bounded by th outer wall 13 ‘of tbe & and inner wall 44 [0064] FIGS. $ though 7 all depict alternate emboetiments {orthe laminar low jt ofthe preset invention The faceplate openings are depicted ass triangle, square, and hexagon, FIGS. §, 6, and 7, respectively. These three embodies Gepict circular tubes 8 of a specific thickness 9. In all ‘examples, the circular tube directly contacts an interior wall ofthe altematively shaped conduit at longitudinal points 19 ‘throughout their lengths, thus scaling off two separate and isolated conduit sections, These deawings aze intended t0 illustate the variety of opening shape that ean he used in the present laminar flow jet 10 invention. [0065] Similarly, FIGS, 8 and 10 depict alvemate embod ‘ments of the present invention, through illustration of angle and teardrop opening, respectively. However, they dif {er from previws Figures in that they featre a sguare tube S0 having thickness 52 as opposed to the conventional circular tube # with thickness 9. The square tbe 50 diet contacts an inner wall of each shape’s laceplte, effectively dividing the existing conduit into two separate and isolated condit sections In this context, @ square refers to any generally sided geomet shops and there iis le angles [0066] FIG. ¥illustatesa top view ofthe preferredembol- ‘ment: a teardrop shaped opening { with nested circular tube. Here, the basie features of the prefered laminar flow jet 10 are shown, including conduit seaments 20 and 30, eieular tube 8 ooter walls 12 and 13, as well as the teardiop’s outer ‘most points Sand 6 0067} Similarly, FIG. 11 provides atop view ofthe aler- ‘ale lightbulb shape cutout 38, Basi featires ofthis embodi- ‘ment, including rounded segment 36 and isolated conduit sections 46 and 48 are shown, [0068] FIG. 12 dopicts an altemate embodiment of the lightbulb shaped cutout 35 having square tube 50 with thick- ness 82, Like the embodiments disclosed in FIGS. 8 and 10, the square tube 80 divides one conduit of larger dimension {nto t¥0 conduits of smaller dimension such that gas may Flow throughout these isolated condnits except atthe point ‘where the tbe makes direct contact withthe ianer wall of the faceplate [0069] Featured in FIGS, 13 and 14 are the prefered tmbodinient of the fall bumer head foceplate 2, complete ‘witha plurality of laminae flow jets 10, The laminar how jets 10 include the prefered teanttop shaped opening 1 and ested circular tube 8 configuration. Shown in FIG. 13 isan array of eight jets 10 are radially strand relative toa cen- ‘erpoint 6§ of faceplate 2 in aa outer rng 60. The points $ of the teardrop shape I point sway from substantially the cen- ‘erpoint 68. Preferably, te laminar Now jets ofthis embod sent are arsunged sch that jets featured on opposite sides of the centeoint 68 are mirror images ofeach other. 0070} Surrounding the eenterpoint 68 is another array of | Jaminar How jets 10 arranged in a ower pattern 70 (also shown in FIGS. 14-16). This flower pattom 70 includes a series of five tubes, four of which (reference numbers 61,62, 63, and 64) are in direct abutment at each “earner” with @ eater tube 75 having preter thickness 76 than the other four ‘The four tubes 61, 62, 63, and 64 in the comers ave the same ‘iekness 9 andl cross-sectional shape as found in the tubes 8 US 2013/0309618 Al ‘ofthe laminar flow jets 10 in te outer ring 60. Alive tubes G1, 62, 63, 64, and 75 are in uid communication with a boitom chamber 130 and alow fuel t freely travel trough their inner cavities 71, 72,73, 74, and 77, respectively, and reach the surface of faceplate 2as best viewed in FIG. 17 10071] Referring agnin to FIGS. 13 and 14, the five tubes 61,62, 63,64, and 75 extend through large opening 80 atthe ‘center of faceplate 2. Their top surlaces are preferably fish with thetop surface of faceplate 2. Asthe tubes 61,62, 63, nd 64 ace indirect abutment With centertube 75 at one end and the inside wal of faceplate 2, hey definea series four inner ‘conduits 81,82, 88, and 84, These four innee conduits BI, '83,and 84 are in fnid communication witha top chamber 140, ‘and allow oxygen gas to frely travel through them and each the surface of faceplate 2 as best viewed in FIG. 17. On the side ofthe tubes 61,62, 63, and 64 ae ianer conduit sections 86, 87, 88, and 89 each having a cross-sectional shape of a triangle with an arcuate base similar to the eross-eetional shape of conduit section 20 seen in FIG. 2 10072] FIG. 14 further depicts another preferred embodi- ‘ment, albeit with ilton laminar flow jes 10a opposed tothe ‘ight jet configuration shown in FIG. 13. The laminar flow Jets 10 are comprised of the preferred teardrop shaped upen- ing 1 and nested circular whe 8 configuration. The filteen Jaina low jets 10 are radially arranged relative to acenter- point 98 of faceplate? in an outer ring 90. The points § ofthe teardrop shape 1 point away from substantially the center point 98, The inner aray features the same flower pattern 70 ‘8 First illustrated in FIG. 13 10073] FIG. 18 depictsanaltemnateembodiment ofthe face- plate 2 compiete with laminar flow jets 10 having the light- bulb shaped cutouts 38 and nested circular tbe 8 coafigun- tionas depicted in FIGS. 3,4, and 11. Anarray of eights 10 ‘are milly arranged relative to a centerpoint 96 of Faceplate in an outer ring 91. The crescent moon shapes bounded by rounded seymeat 36 aad inner diameter 43 point away from substantially the centerpoint 96. Preferably, the laminar flow Jetsof this embodiment rearranged such that jets featured on “opposite sides ofthe centepoint 96 are minor images of each oh. 10074) FIG. 16 provides another alternate embodiment, albeit with fifcen laminar low jets 10s opposed tothe eight Jet configuration showin in FIG. 18, The laminae flow jets 10 fre comprised of the allemate lightbulb shoped opening 33 ‘and nested eireular tube 8 configuration, The fiteen laminae ow jets 10 are adially arranged relative t a centerpoint 97 ‘of fceplate in an outer ring 92, The rounded seamen 36 of the lightbulb shapes 35 point away from substantially the ‘centerpoint 97. The inner array features the same flower pat tern 70 as illustrated in FIGS. 13,14, and 18. [0075] FIG.17 is a cutaway drawing ofa gas burner 100 eaturing the prefered faceplate 2of FIG. 13, itselfinclading the preferred laminar flow jets 10 wit teardrop shaped eul- ‘outs I and nested eitcular tubes 8 38 seen in FIG. 2. FIG. 17 iustates the burner 100 with the preferred tworg, two- ‘chamber embodiment, ie. utilization of oxygen gas and ear- bon-based fuel, and how these different wases reach the sur- fice ofthe bumer faceplate 2 so they may be ignited and wsed ‘nglass working. Oxygen gas and fue supply lines well as their sources are well known in the art and are expressed ‘diagrammatically in FIG. 17. The buroer 100 is penerlly ‘ylindricel with exterior wall 10 and baseplate 150. Bisct ing the generally hollow body is plate 180. When the face- Nov. 21, 2013 plate 2is secured to the burner 100, it forms & Buidkight seal ‘with the top surface 101 of burner body 100, [0076] Plate 180 is integral with and secured in place by _gencmlly cylindrical interior wall 120. Bottom chamber 130 Js defined by the bottom surface 181 of plate 180, top surface 151 of baseplate 150, and a lower portion 121 of inner wall 120. In this preferred embodiment, bottom chamber 130 houses fuel. Above the bottom ebamber 130 is tp chamber 140, defined by the top surface 182 of plate 180, bottom surface 141 of faceplate 2, and an upper portion 122 of inner wall 120 0077} Oxygen gas comes froma source, andi fel through false meuns G, shown schematically ia FIG. 17. The user meters the needed amount of oxygen gas which then travels ‘rough oxygen gas hose 103 unimpeded and unobsiructed and ultimately passes int op chamber 140. Tap chamber 140 is Muidtght such that no oxygen gas ean exit it except forthe plurality of conduits 7 cutout of faceplate 2. These conduits exis inthe outer ring 60 and have teardrop shaped cutouts 1 When the circular tubes 8 are in proper position; in direct contet with longitudinal points 19 along an inoer wall 18, conduits 7 are divided into conduit sections 20nd 30s best seen in PIG. 2. Oxygen gas can flly lows throughout these ‘concit sections 20 and 30 except atthe longitinal points 19, Further, oxygen gas may passthrough whatever openings exist inthe array of jets closer to faceplate centerpoint 65. In this preferred embodiment, oxygen gas may travel 10 the surlace of faceplate 2 via the four inner conduits 81, 82,83 ‘and 84 and their corresponding inner conduit sections 86,87, 88, and 89 [0078] Fuel comes from a source ands fed through a valve ‘meas F, shawn schematically in FIG. 17. The user meters the ‘needed amonnt of fuel which then tavels through fuel hose 104 unimpeded and unobstructed, and ultimately passes ino {op chumber 140, Plate 180, baseplate 180, und the top por- tion 122 of interior wall 120 form Muidhight seal such that ‘one of its conteats seep into the tp clamber 140, outside of exterior wall 110, or beneath baseplate 150, Fuel can travel only though the innes evites 11 of eieular tubes 8 found in the laminar flow jets 1Wof the outer ing 60as wellas theinner ceinities 7, 72,73, 74, axl 77 ofthe tubes 61,62, 63, 64, ad 78, respectively. [0079] FIG. 18 shows an alternate embodiment 300 in ‘whicha series of tabes abut the bottom surface of faceplate 2 as opposed to extending throvgh faceplate openings and ter ‘inating flush with the top surface of faceplate 2 as prev ously disclosed. This embodiment 300 may be employed ‘lone as shown in FIG. 18, or in series as depicted in FIG. 19, The faceplate 2 is broken into sections, each section having specifically shaped openings to allow the passage of as from the tube, through the conduits ofthe faceplate, and vp to the surface, [0080] This particular embodiment depiets a faceplte 2 ‘broken into thrve pieces 301, 302, and 303. These faceplate pieces et as inserts that are placed ontop ofthe exposed bes ‘and conduits. First faceplate piece 301 is the outer donut shape ring that conceals portion ofthe outer tubes320 such ‘hatonly an opening 328, generally shaped as half:moon, is exposed to the surface. In this embodiment, fst faceplate piece 301 covers a portion of twelve outer tubes 320 oriented ‘narring towards the outside citcumerence of the burner. The futer tubes 320 may be in fluid communication with any {isolated chamber throughout the bumer body The portion of the outer tubes 320 sealed by fst faceplate piece 301, je. the US 2013/0309618 Al portion of outer tube 320 not exposed as half-moon shaped ‘opening 325 is pictured asa dashed phantom line. The over ‘edge 310 of first Laceplate piece 301 defies the outer dimen: on ofthe faceplate 2 and is generally Mash with dhe exterior ‘walls ofthe gas burner, 10081) Similarly, the illustrated embodiment features ‘hind faceplate piece 303, which i the smaller donut shaped Fing that conceuls a portion of the ianer tubes 340 such that ‘only an opening 348, generally shaped as a half-moon, is, ‘exposed to the surface, In this embodiment, third Faceplate piece 303 covers portion of six inner tubes 340 oriented in a Fing nested inside the outer donut shaped ring of frst faceplate piece 301. The inner tubes 340 may be in fluid communi tion with any isolated chamber throughout the burner body. The portion of the inner tubes 340 sealed by third faceplate piece 303, ic the portion of ianer tube 340 not exposed as half-moon shaped opening 338 is pictured asa dashed phan- tom line 0082] Inserted beoween first anti faceplate pisces 301 ‘and 303 is the generally gear-shaped second faceplate piece 302, Second faceplate piece 302 Is in direct abutment with, ‘andibounded by theinnereircumference 311 of fist faceplate picce 301 and the outer cicumerence 3M of tind faceplate Piece 303, However, instead of having substantially civulse Inner and outer circumferences, cond faceplate piece 302 has an outer boundary 312 having generally half-moon shaped cutouts adapted to substantially match the half-moon shaped outer tubes 325. This pemnits gas to flow from its respective chamber, though the opening defined by otter the 325, throigh the outer hundary 312, ane the faceplate surface, [0083] Furthemore, socond faceplate pioce 302 has an ‘ner boundary 313 having generally half-moon shaped eul- ‘outs adapted to substantially match the half-moon shaped mer tubes 348, This permits yas to flow from is respective ‘chamber, through the opening defined by inner tube 348, ‘hough the inner boundary 313, and to the faceplate sures [By substantially matching the exposed pars of the tubes and ‘conduits, the faceplate pioees workin conjunction te proniote laminar Bow and therefore increase control and stability of flame chemistries. The faceplate pieces 301, 302, and 303 of this embodiment rest om top of the tube surfaces and are secured by their direct abutment, 10084) FIG. 19 depietsa plurality ofthe embodiment 300 as scon in FIG. 18 organized on a faceplate. This figure ilus- trated how the embodiment 300, shown singularly ia FIG. 18, may also be configured in a series, moch ikea single lami flow jet 10.can bo arranged inanaray 60 as shown in FIG. 13. FIG. 19 depicts eight individuel embodiments 300 radially arranged relative 1 a centerpoint 370 of faceplate 2 in an ‘outer ring 360. Another embodiment 300 oriented about the ‘centerpoint 370. 10085] Keown in the set are bench type and handleld bur ‘ers witha faceplate where the fuel jets exit the burner atthe base of the flame, The construction of these burnersis simile to the burner marketed by American Gas Pumace as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 10086] | Refering now to FIGS, 20 and 21, bueners of this {ype require concisely aligned concentric tubing 238 incom bination with faceplate hole jets 282 to deliver individual ‘2nses to the faceplate 234, One gas such as hydmgen is “delivered (0 faceplate jets 232 from chamber 230 around Nov. 21, 2013 tubes 238. Each tube is free-standing being held ony at one ‘end extending from chamber 236 through which second gas suel as oxygen is delivered [0087] Referring now to FIG. 22, a burner 200 employing the invention is shown. The burner 211 has s head portion 212 ‘which includes a faceplate 213, The burner head produces a ‘lame due to the combustion of mixed gases which emanate rom jets 215 that are distibuted around the faceplate ia mays, Thejets include eplurality of concentric tabular mem- bers which extend downwarlly through the bumer head shown at 217 and 219. The construction of this embodiment ‘of the invention is shown in more detail ia FIG. 23 [088] Referring now to PIG. 23, the alignment ofthe bu Jargas jetsprovided by the inter-fiing of diferent geometic shapes is acomplised in part by inserts 220 fitted into the Taceplate 213. The faceplate is drilled to provide holes 221 which receive a cluster of inserts. The inserts 220 and core- sponding holes 220 may be threaded for beter securement, although the present iavention does account for unthreaded inserts and holes as depicted in FIG. 28, Fach inset is iden- tical as shown here in PIG. 23 and provides an economical tubular member of square internal cross-section 224, Nesting inside the square tube is a first innertubular member 223 ‘having an outside diameter substantially equal to the inside ‘width ofthe square. This is more clearly depicted dingram- matically in FIG. 26a and provides a laminae ow of two gases, For t-laminar flow, yet smaller tubes 228 le within tubes 223, In this example, tubes 225 are held coaxially Within mbes 223 at their ends as is conventional in the ar. Thus, the arrangement of gs jets provided by the above- escribed delivery tubes provides a concentric t-laminar flow of three gases: a first jet being a grovp of four small channels bounded by the stare aperture 224 ofthe inser 221 ‘onthe outsideand the circular tube 223 on theinside; second jet being provided by flow through tube 223 bounded on the inside by the outside surface of innermost tube 225; and a third jet being the unrestricted flow through tube 225, [0089] Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 24 which provides a dual flow burnee head 280 con- structed from inter fing square tubes 233 positioned within an array of deiled holes 235 in the faceplate 282, This eon- Strction is more economical than the previous embodiment. ‘As shown here in FIG. 24 and depicted in FIG. 266, the agonal dimension of the square tube is approximately equal to the inside diameter ofthe faceplate hole. Ths provides an interference fit or nesting of he square tubes 233 within the ‘aceplate holes 288 and provides an accurate coaxial aljan- sient of the to Did conduits Formed by ths arangement. Namely, a fist conduit is defined by the space within the ‘aceplateole 238 but around the periphery of the square be 23, and a second conduit isthe square tube itself. FIG. 25 picts the alignment and placement of the tubes and the fining ofthe tubes 283 within the faceplateholes 238 after the bles have boon drilled, This construction i also showa dae rammatically in FIG. 26 which is like-numbored for refer fence to this second embodiment. construction ofthis ype is Sianificantly advantageous when a large jet size ratio is desired. A Small outer jet ean be provided while maintaining precise symmetrical alignment with a moch larger inner jet [0090] Referring now toF1G.26, yet other embodimentsot the invention may employ the combination of different geo- metric shapes as desired. PIG. 26cdepicts circular tube 241 ‘within »teacrop outer conduit 243 lying agains its tapered Side, The outer conduits ean be formed by faceplate holes US 2013/0309618 Al Ths, the present invention lends itself to any combination of polygonal or arcuate shapes which wilize te principal ofthe nesting or contacting alignment between adjacent tubular members in order {o ensure their consistent alignment throughout theirlongitudinal adjacency. Asan addled benefit, the direct eoniaet of the tube prvides heat transfer from the ‘nner tubes thus significantly redueing the chance of aver heating or earbom buildup, 10091] The foregoing embodiments provide excellent flame characteristics while preserving the advantages of @ quiet-running torch that also significanly reduces the ‘chances of overheating or carbon buildup of the jets. By these ‘constrictions, assembly ofthe bumers is easierto accomplish, and lends itself to experimentation with different shapes 10 et an optimal gas oxygen combustion, Also, by using the faceplate to space the tubes, fewer jets may be used for Jnereased efficiency and t contro the Mame characteristics. For example, « hurner head uilizing twonty jets constructed ‘acconting othe present invention is capable of providing 9 flame size roquiring over twice the mount of jets making for ‘a much more powerful, compact and eficient burner asco pared fo that ofthe prior art shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. By altering the shape and size of space around the jets on the faceplate, maximum laminar flow for the optisal mixing ratio of fel and oxygen ean be achieved Also, most impor tantly. a wide range of flame characteristics may be achieved by varying the shape sizeand placement of the jets. There is ro limitation to the size or shape of the tubing. and any numberof tubes may be use. Torches constructed according to the invention are not limited a to the ype of fuel and may use liquid fuel oF gas [0092] The construction of the invention isnot timited t0 surface mix torches but may aso be applied to nozzle mix oF premix torches. Furthermore, other types of fis may be ‘employed for different purposes, such as the nozzle heads used in snow making machines. The materials used in con- structing the device ofthe invention can include metal, glass ‘or ceramics. Therefore, the foregoing i considered a illus trative only of the principles of the inveaton, Purber, since numerous modificstions and changes will readily oceur to those skilled inthe art, ts not desired to Tmt the ivention to the exact constriction and operation shown and described, ‘and avcordingly, all suitable modifiations and equivalents may be resored io, falling within the scope of the invention. For example, the tube shape combinations are unlimited. The polygonal shapes ean be hexagons triangular, et. andthe ‘arcnate conduits eaa be of aay shape desired. 10093] It should he understood, of course, thatthe foreyo- Ing relates to exemplary embodiments of the invention and that modifications may be made without departing from the spistandtopect te invention tonne ling 10094} Therefore, te foregoing isconsiderecas illustrative ‘only ofthe principles of the invention. Further, since numer ‘ous modifications and changes will readily occur to those ‘killed in the at, itis not desired to Kimi te iaventon to the ‘exact construction and operation shown and described, and ‘acconlingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention. ‘What is claimed is 1A laminar flow jet, for use in a surface mix gas burner, ‘compris Nov. 21, 2013 at least one conduit for delivery of fist gas, said atleast ‘one conduit having a fist cross-sectional shape and ‘extending through the entre length of» gas burner face- plate at leat one tube for delivery ofa second gas, said atleast, ‘one tube having asevond cross-sectional shape, wherein said atleast one tube extends through said conduit and teriinates flush with atop surfaee of said faceplate, atleast one tube divides said at least one conduit into a first conduit section and a second conduit sc tion, wherein portion of ssid first conduit section is bounded by 3 Tist portion of an ouside wall of said at Teast one tube and a frst portion of the inside wall of said condi and partion of sid second conduit sction is bounded by ‘asecond portion of ssid outside wall of said at least ‘one tubeand a second portion of said inside wall of sid conduit | ‘wherein longitudinal points along sid inside wall ofssid at least one cont ae in direct contact with longitudinal Points along said outside wall of sad atleast one tube such that axial alignment of said atleast oe conduit and Said a least one tube is maintsined along their lent: and sid fist gas is free to How throughout suid fist conduit section and said second conduit section except where Said longitudinal points along sad inside wall oF said at least one conduit dircetly contact said longitainal points along side outside wall of said at least one tbe. 2. The jet ofelaim 1 wherein every additional tube of said at least one tube delivers an additonal gas and has a cxoss- ‘scctional shape, wherein sid additional tube extends through the previous tube and terminates fhush with sid top surface of said faceplate and said previous ibe, sid additional whe divides said previous tube into a fest tube section anda second tube section, wherein ‘8 portion of said frst mbe section is bounded by a first Portion ofan outside wal of sid additional tube snd ‘frst portion of the inside wall of sad previous tubo, nd ‘2 portion of said socond tube section is hounded by a ‘second portion of sid outside wall of sd additional the and a second portion of said inside wall of said previous tube: ‘wherein longitudinal points along sid inside wall of said Previous tube are in direct contact with longitwdinal i ‘tid outside wall of said additonal tube such tat axial alignment of said previous tube and said ‘aditional tube is maintained slong their lengths: and ssid additional gas is ve to flow throughout sid frst tube Section and said second tube section except where said longitudinal points along said inside wal of said pre ‘ous tube directly contact said longitudinal points along side outside wal of sid aditional tube. 3. The etofclaim I wherein sid first eross-seetional shape of ssid at leastone conduits substantially teardrop and said second eros-sectional shape of sid at Teast one tube is sub- stantially a circle 4. The jet of clans 1 wherein sid jet is alone oti an aeray on said faceplate of sad burner US 2013/0309618 Al 5, Thejetoflaim 1 wherein sid frst cross-sectional shape tnd sid second cross-sectional shape are the same cross- ‘cotional shape, 6. The jet of claim 1 wherein said ist eas i substantially ‘oxygen gas and sid second gas is substantially Fl "7 The jet of claim 3 wherein Jongitvdinal points along said inside wall of sad atleast, ‘onecoouitarein direst contact with longitudinal points ‘long ssidoutside wal of stidat leastone tubewhere the

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