The principle of a capacitive transducer operation.

The capacitive transducers works on the familiar capacitance equation of parallel

plate capacitor, which is given by:

C= (orA)/ d
Where,
C = the capacitance of the capacitor or the variable capacitance transducer
o = the absolute permittivity
r = the relative permittivity
A = the area of the plates
d = the distance between the plates
The product of o & r is also called as the dielectric constant of the capacitive
transducer.

Construction and working

1. The capacitive transducer comprises of two parallel metal plates that are
separated by the material such as air, which is called
as the dielectric material.
2. the distance between the two plates is kept varying.
3. In the instruments using capacitance transducers the value of the
capacitance changes due to the change in the value of the input quantity that
is to be measured.
4. This change in capacitance can be measured easily and it is calibrated
against the input quantity.
5. When voltage is applied to the conductive objects the charges get collected
on each object.
6. The moving charges causes alternating current in the space between them
and current flow is measured as capacitance.

figure 1 flat
capacitive

type
transducer

Figure 2 concentric type of capacitive transducer

Figure 3 spacing variation and area variation