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WeeklyHomework1
Due:11:59pmonSunday,February15,2015
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

ConvertingUnits:TheMagicof1
LearningGoal:
Tolearnhowtochangeunitsofphysicalquantities.
Quantitieswithphysicaldimensionslikelengthortimemustbemeasuredwithrespecttoaunit,astandardfor
quantitieswiththisdimension.Forexample,lengthcanbemeasuredinunitsofmetersorfeet,timeinsecondsor
years,andvelocityinmeterspersecond.
Whensolvingproblemsinphysics,itisnecessarytouseaconsistentsystemofunitssuchastheInternational
System(abbreviatedSI,fortheFrenchSystmeInternational)orthemorecumbersomeEnglishsystem.IntheSI
system,whichisthepreferredsysteminphysics,massismeasuredinkilograms,timeinseconds,andlengthin
meters.Thenecessityofusingconsistentunitsinaproblemoftenforcesyoutoconvertsomeunitsfromthegiven
systemintothesystemthatyouwanttousefortheproblem.
Thekeytounitconversionistomultiply(ordivide)byaratioofdifferentunitsthatequalsone.Thisworksbecause
multiplyinganyquantitybyonedoesn'tchangeit.Toillustratewithlength,ifyouknowthat1 inch = 2.54 cm,you
canwrite
1=

2.54 cm
1 inch

Toconvertinchestocentimeters,youcanmultiplythenumberofinchestimesthisfraction(sinceitequalsone),
canceltheinchunitinthedenominatorwiththeinchunitinthegivenlength,andcomeupwithavalueforthelengthin
centimeters.Toconvertcentimeterstoinches,youcandividebythisratioandcancelthecentimeters.

Forallparts,noticethattheunitsarealreadywrittenaftertheanswerboxdon'ttrytowritetheminyouransweralso.

PartA
Howmanycentimetersarethereinalength89.3inches?
Expressyouranswerincentimeterstothreesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
227 cm

Correct

Sometimesyouwillneedtochangeunitstwicetogetthefinalunitthatyouwant.Supposethatyouknowhowto
convertfromcentimeterstoinchesandfrominchestofeet.Bydoingboth,inorder,youcanconvertfromcentimeters
tofeet.

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PartB
SupposethataparticularartillerypiecehasarangeR=8370yards.Finditsrangeinmiles.Usethefactsthat
1 mile = 5280 f t and 3 f t = 1 yard.
Expressyouranswerinmilestothreesignificantfigures.

Hint1.Convertyardstofeet
Thefirststepinthisproblemistoconvertfromyardstofeet,becauseyouknowhowtothenconvertfeet
intomiles.Convert8370yardsintofeet.Use
1=

3 ft
1 yard

Expressyouranswerinfeettothreesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
2.51104 f t

IncorrectTryAgain3attemptsremaining

ANSWER:
8370yards= 4.76 miles

Correct

Oftenspeedisgiveninmilesperhour(mph ),butinphysicsyouwillalmostalwaysworkinSIunits.Therefore,you
mustconvertmph tometerspersecond(m/s).

PartC
Whatisthespeedofacargoingv = 1.000 mphinSIunits?Noticethatyouwillneedtochangefrommilesto
metersandfromhourstoseconds.Youcandoeachconversionseparately.Usethefactsthat1 mile = 1609 m
and1 hour = 3600 s .
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtofoursignificantfigures.

Hint1.Convertmilestometers
Inconverting1.000

mph

intometerspersecond,youwillneedtomultiplyby
1=

1609 m
1 mile

Whenyoudothis,themileswillcanceltoleaveyouwithavalueinmetersperhour.Youcanthenfinishthe
conversion.Whatisv = 1.000 mphinmetersperhour?
Expressyouranswerinmetersperhourtofoursignificantfigures.
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ANSWER:
v

= 1609 m/hour

Hint2.Converthourstoseconds
Whichofthefollowingwouldyoumultiply1609

m/hours

bytoconvertitintometerspersecond(m/s)?

ANSWER:
3600 s

1 hour
3600 s
1 hour

1 hour
3600 s

ANSWER:
v

= 0.4469 m/s

Correct
Noticethatbyequatingthetwovaluesforv ,youget1.000 mph = 0.4469 m/s.Itmightbevaluableto
rememberthis,asyoumayfrequentlyneedtoconvertfrommilesperhourintomoreusefulSIunits.By
rememberingthisrelationshipinthefuture,youcanreducethistasktoasingleconversion.

Exercise1.6
Asquarefieldmeasuring100.0mby100.0mhasanareaof1.00hectare.Anacrehasanareaof43, 600

ft

PartA
Ifacountrylothasanareaof12.0acres,whatistheareainhectares?
ANSWER:
4.86 hectares

Correct

Exercise1.8
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Whiledrivinginanexoticforeignlandyouseeaspeedlimitsignonahighwaythatreads1.85105furlongsper
fortnight.

PartA
1

Howmanymilesperhouristhis?(Onefurlongis mile,andafortnightis14days.Afurlongoriginallyreferredto
thelengthofaplowedfurrow.)

ANSWER:
68.8 mi/h

Correct

ScientificNotation
Anumberwritteninscientificnotationhastheforma 10 k ,where1
of. . . 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3... .

a < 10

andk isaninteger,thatis,k isone

PartA
Determinethevaluesofa andk when299, 790, 000iswritteninscientificnotation.
Entera andk ,separatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
a

,k = 2.9979,8

Correct
Thevalue2.9979 10 8 isthemagnitudeofthespeedoflightinmeterspersecond,tofivesignificant
figures.Thisisreallyfast:about675millionmilesperhour!

PartB
Determinethevaluesofa andk when0.51iswritteninscientificnotation.
Entera andk ,separatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
a

,k = 5.1,1

Correct
Thevalue0.51isthemagnitudeoftheenergyassociatedwithastationaryelectron,sometimescalledits
"restenergy,"expressedinmillionsofelectronvolts,orMeV.
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PartC
Nowconsidertheexpression4.0 10 3 + 4 10 2 .Determinethevaluesofa andk whenthevalueofthis
expressioniswritteninscientificnotation.
Entera andk ,separatedbycommas.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Writebothnumberssuchthattheyhavethesamepowerof10.Inthiscaseitwouldbebesttochoosethe
commonpowertobeeither3or2,sincethesearethetwothatappearintheexpressiongiven.Nowyou
canaddthefactorsthataremultipliedby10 n .Forexample,2 10 13 + 3 10 13 = 5 10 13 .
ANSWER:
a

,k = 4.4,3

Correct
Thevalue4 10 3

= 4000

istheapproximateradiusoftheearthinmiles.

PartD
Finally,considertheexpression
(6.6710

11

)(5.9710
6

(6.3810 )

24

Determinethevaluesofa andk whenthevalueofthisexpressioniswritteninscientificnotation.

Entera andk ,separatedbycommas.

Hint1.Awalkthrough
Expressallthenumbersintheexpressionusingscientificnotation.Todothis,recallthat
2
k
2
(2k)
(a 10 )
= a 10
.Thenyoushouldgetafractionoftheform
(a 1 10

)(a 2 10

a 3 10

or

a 1 a 2

10

a3

10

10

Todeterminea ,youhavetodividea 1 a 2 bya 3 .Thiswilloftengiveyouanumberthatisnotbetween1

and10inthatcase,youhavetowriteitinscientificnotation,forinstance,
a 1 a 2
a3

= a4 10

k4

Thenextstepistofindk 5 intheexpression

1
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10

k5

10

10

10

Dothisbysubtractingk 3 fromthesumofk 1 andk 2 :

k 5 = (k 1 + k 2 ) k 3

Thevalueofa youarelookingforisequaltoa 4 k isequaltok 4

+ k5

ANSWER:
a

,k = 9.78,0

Correct
Thisisthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationexperiencedbyafreelyfallingbodynearthesurfaceoftheearth,
expressedinmeterspersecondsquared(m/s 2 ).Thisaccelerationisusuallydenotedbythesymbolg .You
maylearnlaterthatthisaccelerationisrelatedtothemassM e andradiusRe oftheearthasg = GM e /R2e ,
whereG = 6.67 10 11 N m2 /kg2 iscalledthegravitationalconstant,postulatedbySirIsaacNewton
andfirstmeasuredbyHenryCavendishin1798.

Exercise1.30
Lettheangle betheanglethatthevectorAmakeswiththe+xaxis,measuredcounterclockwisefromthataxis.Find
theangle foravectorthathasthefollowingcomponents.

PartA
Ax =

1.30m,Ay

1.40m

1.70m

ANSWER:
313

Correct

PartB
Ax =

3.40m,Ay

ANSWER:
26.6

Correct

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PartC
Ax =

4.00m,Ay

3.00m

4.60m

ANSWER:
143

Correct

PartD
Ax =

3.40m,Ay

ANSWER:
234

Correct

Exercise1.32
VectorAisinthedirection45.0 clockwisefromtheyaxis.ThexcomponentofAisAx =19.0m.

PartA
WhatistheycomponentofA?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
Ay

= 19.0m

Correct

PartB
WhatisthemagnitudeofA?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
A

= 26.9m

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Correct

Exercise1.33
VectorAhasycomponentAy =+17.0m.Amakesanangleof32.0 counterclockwisefromthe+yaxis.

PartA
WhatisthexcomponentofA?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
Ax

= 10.6m

Correct

PartB
WhatisthemagnitudeofA?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
A

= 20.0m

Correct

Exercise1.37
Adisorientedphysicsprofessordrivesadistance3.50km north,thenadistance4.85km west,andthenadistance
1.70km south.

PartA
Findthemagnitudeoftheresultantdisplacement,usingthemethodofcomponents.
ANSWER:
5.17 km

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Correct

PartB
Findthedirectionoftheresultantdisplacement,usingthemethodofcomponents.
ANSWER:
69.6 westofnorth

AnswerRequested

Exercise1.40
Ineachcase,findthexandycomponentsofvectorA.

PartA

A =

^
3.20^
i 6.10 j

Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbyacomma.Expressyouranswersusingthreesignificant
figures.
ANSWER:
Ax

,Ay = 3.20,6.10

Correct

PartB

A =

^
16.2^
j 4.91 i

Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbyacomma.Expressyouranswersusingthreesignificant
figures.
ANSWER:
Ax

,Ay = 4.91,16.2

Correct

PartC

^
^
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=
+

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A =

^
17.0^
i + 24.4 j

Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbyacomma.Expressyouranswersusingthreesignificant
figures.
ANSWER:
Ax

,Ay = 17.0,24.4

Correct

PartD

^
A = 5.0B

^
,whereB

^
4^
i 2 j

Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbyacomma.Expressyouranswersusingonesignificantfigure.
ANSWER:
Ax

,Ay = 20,10

Correct

FindingtheCrossProduct
ThefigureshowstwovectorsT andU separatedbyanangle TU .
YouaregiventhatT =

T U = V

(3, 1, 0)

,U

= (2, 4, 0)

,and

PartA

ExpressV asanorderedtripletofvalues,separatedbycommas.

ANSWER:
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0,0,10
=

Correct

PartB
FindthemagnitudeofV .
ANSWER:

|V |

= 10

Correct

PartC
FindthesineoftheanglebetweenT andU .
ANSWER:
sin( T U )

= 0.707

Correct

VectorMathPractice
LetvectorsA
^
i

= (2, 1, 1)

^
j

,B

= (3, 0, 5)

,andC

= (1, 4, 2)

,where(x, y, z)arethecomponentsofthevectors

^
k

along , ,and respectively.Calculatethefollowing:

PartA
Expressyouranswerasanorderedtripletofcomponents(x, y, z)withcommastoseparatethe
components.

Hint1.Howtoapproachthisproblem
Componentscanbemultipliedbyconstantsandaddedupindividually.
ANSWER:

2A + 3B + C

= 14,2,15

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Correct

PartB
Expressyouranswerasanorderedtriplet|A|, |B |, |C |withcommastoseparatethemagnitudes.

Hint1.Magnitudeofavector
Isthemagnitudeofavectorascalarquantityoravectorquantity?
Recallthatascalarquantityisdescribedsimplybyanumber.
ANSWER:

|A |, |B|, |C |

= 2.45,5.83,4.58

Correct

PartC
ANSWER:

A B

= 11

Correct

PartD
Determinetheangle betweenB andC .
Expressyouranswernumericallyinradians,totwosignificantfigures.

Hint1.Definitionofthedotproduct

B C = Bx Cx + By Cy + Bz Cz = B C cos()

,where istheanglebetweenvectorsB andC .

ANSWER:

= 1.8 radians

Correct
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PartE
Expressyouranswerasanorderedtripletofcomponents(x, y, z)withcommastoseparatethe
components.
ANSWER:

B C

= 20,11,12

Correct

PartF
ANSWER:

A (B C )

= 39

Correct

Exercise1.46

PartA
GiventwovectorsA

^
4.40^
i + 7.60 j and B

^
5.30^
i 2.70 j ,findthescalarproductofthetwovectors A

andB .
ANSWER:

A B

= 2.80

Correct

PartB
Findtheanglebetweenthesetwovectors.
ANSWER:

= 86.9

Correct
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Exercise1.47
FindtheanglebetweeneachofthefollowingpairsofvectorsA

^
^
= Ax i + Ay j

andB

^
^
= Bx i + By j

PartA
Ax

2.60,Ay

6.80Bx

1.20,By

3.60.

ANSWER:
178

Correct

PartB
Ax

3.40,Ay

5.60Bx

11.0,By

6.80.

ANSWER:
27.0

Correct

PartC
Ax

4.00,Ay

2.00Bx

7.00,By

14.00.

ANSWER:
90

Correct

Exercise1.53
GiventwovectorsA

^
= 2.00 i +

4.00^
j + 6.00 k and B

^
^
1.00^
i + 2.00 j 3.00k ,dothefollowing.

PartA
FindthemagnitudeofthevectorA.
ANSWER:

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|A|= 7.48

Correct

PartB
FindthemagnitudeofthevectorB .
ANSWER:
|B |= 3.74

Correct

PartC
WriteanexpressionforthevectordifferenceA B .
Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
x,y,z= 3.00,2.00,9.00

Correct

PartD
FindthemagnitudeofthevectordifferenceA B .
ANSWER:
|A B |= 9.70

Correct

PartE
IsthisthesameasthemagnitudeofB A ?
ANSWER:

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yes
no

Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis94.5%.
Youreceived13.23outofapossibletotalof14points.

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