Nat eee eee ee. “i ee Par le Mendoza Chemistry Rm 323/326 2014-15 neon www.wbamendoza.weebly.comwcheec uta ass Anu of @ Ed % % & z iz a a a st wn Woouias ON WoouDs ONChapter 12: Oxidation & Reduction Learning Objectives 1. An oxidation-reduction (redax) reaction involves the transfer of electrons (e"). (3.24) > Student should be able to determine a missing reactant or product in a balanced equation 3.2iii) }. A half-reaction can be written to represent reduction. (3.2F) > Student should be able to write and balance half-reactions for oxidation and reduction of free elements and their monatomic ions (3.2vi) 1. Oxidation is the loss of electrons. (3.29) . A half-reaction can be written to represent oxidation. (3.2h) . In a redox reaction the number of electrons lost is equal to the number of electrons gained. (3.36) 7. Oxidation numbers (states) can be assigned to atoms and ions. Changes in oxidation numbers in- dicate that oxidation and reduction have occurred. (3.21) 8. An electrochemical cell can be either voltaic or electrolytic. In an electrochemical cell, oxidation ‘occurs at the anode and reduction at the cathode. (3.24) > Student should be able to compare and contrast voltaic and electrolytic cells (3.2ix) 9. A voltaic cell spontaneously converts chemical energy to electrical energy. (3.2) > Student should be able to identify and label the parts of a voltaic cell (cathode, anode, salt bridge) and direction of electron flow, given the reaction equation (3.2) > Student should be able to use an activity series to deter- mine whether a redox reaction is spontaneous (3.2x) 10, An electrolytic cell requires electrical energy to produce chemical change, This process is known as electrolysis. (3.21) oon > Unit Requirements © Minimum of 2 POGILs. Additional may be done for extra credit. ‘© One formal lab report, as per the instructions in your lab book, typed and attached to the lab © Lab Report should be written in PARAGRAPH form, not as a bulleted list. © Labs or any assignments with * next to its name. © One current event article ‘© Each Quiz mist be ‘mastered’ or additional Learning Opportunities will be assigned before you nay retake a quiz, © The Test must be mastered or corrections must be completed in order to move on,‘scton |e \aernhg Opportunies ‘Section iz] Actin, Labs @ Learning | competed ‘Rhumam Seapets Grade Posts Objectives 3-4 par section Mastery Let: | * » Reged Aetty 0780 waa — |i vdeo 2ienz2 ore acti | }2: 12 Video/ Animations-on website | Sa ee pete ent per gona) Poe aerate | ade rasa }5. Vocab pg 2-Quizlet 12.1 ‘aaa 6. Proc. WS pgs 8 co oe i omar e cea 2 Samet (SO 10, Discuss with peers " 11, Mini Lecture-Teacher Fl 1. Video Notes 12205013-15 [Grade 1_ | sen Practice 2, 122 Video/Aninations-website Table J-pge 16-17 3 Temsaiooe mae RevBookZ013 pg 161-162 chic complete 5. Vocab: Quinet 122 ee | eer 6. Proc. WS pgs 18:19 ees Ore ae eee aaa 7, Cathe Learning 122 }8. Paster or Concept Map rode 2__ |" 2, Review Sheet 20-21 avg, Quiz mie 30, Dieu wth peers erede: Oxidation Redicton 11, Mini Lecture-Teacher /Reactions -handout 1. Video Notes 12.3 pqs 22-23 |6rade 1__ Labs 2. 12.8 Video/Animation-on website #45: pgs 153-154 ‘TBpos 645-659 24 mastery | #46: ga 156-156 }4. BevBeokZ013 pg 163-164 schon compete }5: Vocab-Quilet 12.3 eo, }6. Proc. WS pga 24-30 Learns Crp 2 Cat Learning 12.3 Poster or Concept Map Jérade 2—_ 9. Review Sheet pg 31-35, Avg. Quiz 10, Discus with pers érade: ‘Mini Lecture-TeacherSection | bate earning Opportnties ‘Secin Quiz| Actives, Labs @ | bate Learning | Completed ‘Minimum Suggested: rede Posts Compares Objectives 4 per section artery Lees |“ « Required Actiity L 1 |r “75-80 124 |__|. Video Netes 12.490 36-39 [Grade 1__ Er Electro |—_|2, Suppl.Video/ Animation Handout: Volta Col chemical |__15, Tppge 63-602 at materyeet | Computer Lb Gils |] 4, RevBook2013 pq 165-168 ectieved, complete areca I —— | 5: Vocab Quintet 12.4 |—_nere oa oye [|B 7 ans Oe 2 choose t so || ee Votel al pes 67-170 eee etteries yt 7-175, = |. ‘eve Sheet nga 82-61 avg. Quiz wager | —— 10. Diecuss with pesre lerede: Power pgs 80-51 1, Min. Lecture-Teacher (Choose 1-2: |__| Reviow Shast pos 62 = Curent Evert | |2. Review Your Section Quizzes compere rice | Revew& | |3 review Unit Study Guide po Last: — | Peking Any pg 72-76 Test | | 4. create Unt Poster/Concept map | | caste Learning Revie nit Test | | 6. Prectice Exam pgs 63-71 ‘rade | | 7. mmeuzegenteprep.rg Unit Rev | | @ oiscuss Questions with Teacher Correctiens must be tn groups of 2-4: completed if test grade |__|». Whiteboard Review {a below mastery level |= } 10. oisaae with pore Grade Shest Attached: ForaS-pt test bonus, get Grade sheet signadby _ pane Hee Parent/Guardian Signature Date Checkpoints wil occur at Progress Reports and Quarter Ends. Average wil be reduced by « full grade if unit isnot com- pleted within reasonable time of the posted deadline, based upon effort & participation during clase tine and attendance at extrahelp.Unit 12: Oxidation-Reduction Vocabulary 3. Electrochemical call 4, Electrode 3. Blectrohsis 6. Electrolytic call 7. Half-reaction 8. Oxidation ‘9. Oxidation rumber (state) 10, Redox 11, Reduction 12, Salt bridge 13. Volteiceett 14, LEO says 6eR 45.REDCAT ond ANOX iS}Tople 12: Redox 42,1: Oxidation Numbers ATM: + Oxidation NamBars 0) Kaups track of sue aM SEER rama ort. (Oxidation umbers (states) can be . Identify how many electrons are either gained or lost by an atom or ion © Ox neutral « : lost or gained + +1 positive = one electron + Group 1 + 1 negative = one electron + Group 17 © Some oxidation numbers ° Coli + Riles fer Assigning Cxidetion Numbers 1, Anatom that is not combined with anything has on exidation number of. = 2Na+Clz ‘Sodium and chlorine have oxidation numbers of =" Oz, Au, Fe, Al Each has an oxidation number of 2. Monatomic ions have an oxidation number = to the. (Use CRT) > Noch © Sodium oxidation number =__; charge 1+ ‘+ Chlorine oxidation number = __; change 1- + Mg(Che Mgo Ho 3, Metals in group 1: oxidation number is. ‘Metals in group 2: oxidation number is = Nec kar go Daf 4, Fluorine is aways The other halogens are aso when they are the - Ne OF2 CaBr,‘5. Hydrogen is unless its combined with ametal when ite__ * HCI hydrogen LH hydrogen = 6. Onygen is usualy = When combined with fluorine it becomes + HO ongens + OF, oxygens + OF oxygen 7. The sum of the oxidation numbers in all compound = Neti Ho MgSO, 8. The sum of the oxidation numbers in polyatomic Ions must be —_— Hie" cO;* On + Assigning Oxidation Numbers © What are the axidation numbers of the atoms in HNO; > © What is the oxidation number of chromium in the dichromate ton (CreO7?-¥> * Regents Questions ° ‘The oxidation number of an uncombined Group 2 metal is: 7)tt 22 3) 2 40 © Hydrogen has an oxidation number oft 1) Oonly 3) -Lonly 2) +tonly 4) 0,+1or-1 © What is the oxidation number of carbon in NoHCOs? n2 34 2) 4) +4 © Chlorine has an oxidation state of +3 in the compound? 1) Halo 8) HClO 2) HCIOe 4) HClO, © What are the two oxidation states of nitrogen in the compound NH«NOs? 4) Sands 3) #3 and -5 2) -Sond-5 4) +3 and +5 @)Chenisteg: Z Name REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY ate Period pause pet eet State ‘Stady the rues or asigntog oxidation mambers end examine the sample problem below, Then determine the known, idadon atte i each exept ‘asa dss omens Serta) {Onsen omer tao ht on dana eo 2 Thc arb fl euro nee cre elon 4 ann cannery cota : gp imae dea fe mn he tr Nitrogen in BaQNO.), 2 = gp 2a sms om 2+ ad aha «2 tdaten tee 4, Soe denarii hava pred otto st Phogphamas in C5(PO), ee 1 nygnfes o-2.ason et apt porter wher it ‘adincongends wh fue (OF) vires «2 races} an a a te grup 2a ‘Manganese in LiMaO, 5. camel ctten rnb 4. Inaconpod ta day ano 3. ns pentolan el rp cn en Safin N80, 5 Tamsisitien a te ein staf ces aC Oy Comin cac10, fe met [x = 2 Sli MeS,0, 1 Oxdaiovoas | Semctedinien | 2 ‘inopen in ZaQ809, 8 = oe Bt paiabgee coal naaaa aie 1) ep ly haven xd te of-2 Chernin 0, 2 FH Someta an oan Sete pdt Seoeen incl eat eunun (757 Staoeen es 0 Sogtenmdalteciate nase Corn nc,0, ry cemao= 8 fot he aon at froin (yin to . * oye Sul in KEIO, u, err ©BvanP. Sibersein, 2003© Determining Oxidation Numbers Komple: “| Ba Nha Find the axidedion # of each € i “KC1Oy [oon Nees KySOq LiOu Mg (Clos), H,O5, *. NO, Noy 4 I (53), D Sum must = ~| D Ougen =-2 Chom aube) ) -ax3 = -6 (thea 3) Os each Worth -a ) x+-e=-] 5 NateREVIEW ACTIVITY seams pats — Class Oxidation Numbers ‘The caidaion number ofan atom isthe apparent charge assigned to it ina particular molecule or ton. Getta rules are followed in assiguag ox- ‘dation nnbers. Use the rues at the right to assign aidan numbers te each element in each of the given formas. ules The oxidation number of "element inte uncombined tates 0 ‘¢ amonatomic lon equals the charge onthe Inrogen i generally +1; in hyies, 1 ‘nygen is generally =2; in peosdes, 1 {the more electronegative element a binacy valent compound negative, while that of Example ip 2s Ms {uals the rege on the on 1. Oh na 2 a Na 4 Ne “ 5. Ko sf ar Lad ons eee 7. C0 x 8. 1480, a 8. NO 2 10. x07" 6S eae an. NCL a a2. NH 2 18, NO, 2 14, Gall (ealclum hydride) 14, 16, Na.0, (sodium peroxide) 15. ‘le stm: Te Sty ot MaterASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS Nene AgBapponidotion numbers to.o1 ot the elementsin each of the compound or ons below. 1 Hct fi. us0, Gemona fon in.Connect 4 ins take it in turns to turn over a cord, find the answer i Tn poi in the grid below and colour in ‘the circle with your coloured crayon. If you do not know the answer, pl at bottom of the pile and miss your turn. The first person to get 4 in a row wins, Don't forget ‘ta check your opponent's answer! Each answer appears in more than you WOWOOO®Oxidation Numbers Rules: 1) Ewh urcombined element has an exilation muinbst of zero, 2) Monatomie ions have an oxidation namber equal to the onic charge, 3) ‘The metals of Group 1 always bare an oxidation number of-+1 in compounds, and the mets of Growp 2 always have 1m oxidation mimber of 42 in compounds. 4) Fluorine is always—1 in compounds. ‘The other halogers are also 1 when they are the most elecironegative element in the compound, 5) Hyirogen Is +1 in compounds uniess iia combined with a metal, in which ease it isI 6) Oxygen is usually -2 in compounds. When itis eambined with fluorine, which is ‘mor electrosiegative, itis +2. Inthe peroxide ion (O;*), oxygen fs -1, 2) be sum ofthe oxidation numbers in all compounds must be zero. 8) The sum of the oxidation sumbers in polyatomic ions must be equal to the charge on the ion, Definitions: Electronegativity ~ « measure of the attraction of a musleus for s bonded electron, ‘Oxidation ~ the loss of electrons by an atom orion and a gain in oxidation mimnber. ‘Reduction~' Redox term used to describe reactious where oxidation and seduction are ocouuring at the same time, IMPORTANT: Neither reduction nor oxidation ean ever occur alone. ‘They both mst happen atthe same time, ‘Ovxidation Numbers (staes) ~ identify how many electrons re either gained or lost by an atom or joa, sain of electrons by an atom or fon and a loss in oxidation number LEO says GER ‘LEO = Loss of Electrons in Oxidation GER = Gain of Electrons in Reduction ‘How to write oxidation numbers: Mg” is the charge on a magnesium ion while Ma"? is =the oxidafonnumber ofMagnesiam. = -Practice: ‘What are the oxidation numbers ofthe atoms in HNO3? ‘What is the oxidation number of chromium in the dichromate ion (Cr:0,*)? ‘What isthe oxidation mumiber of sulfur in SO:? What isthe oxidation number of Oxygen in Ca(OH):7\. What isthe sum ofthe oxidation numbers ofthe | 10. In which species does hydrogen have an oxidation som nthe compound CO.? | nuper of 1 mo B)-4 | (Eo (3) Nel @2 ays | ®t (NaOH 2. The oxidation numbers ofall the atoms in H,SO, | 11. Whale the oxidation numberof nitrogen in sms ad upto jNO,! aa ov oa os iss 6 | a a4 3. The ovidsion rambo of trogen in Nis 12, Owyasn hasan oxidation momber cf 2in ae Qs (Mo, 8) Na0, @o ws @) NO, (4) OF, | 4. IfelementXfonns the odes XO and X40, the | 13. Whatis the oxidation ountber of oxygen ia oxidation nunbers of element-Vare japieelacion 0,3 () tind 12 @) + and 3 oA es @) +2 and+3 @)2andss @2 4 5. fn which compound does chlorine have the hishes| 14, Whats the oxidation number oF oxygen in OF? xidation number? ws 1 ()Ke10 @ Keio, @2 2 @) Keo, Ken, . 15, Oxygen as an oxidation number of 1 in 5.tn which compound does chlorine have an @ue @H0 ‘oxidation number of +52 ieee MoE @RGO G) HCI, @ Ico, @) HcI0, | 16. Whatare the two oxidation states oF nitrogen in | the compound NH,NO;? 74a which vompouuad does bydragen have a () Bund -5 6) +3 aud-5 negative ovidation number? @)-Sand +5 Sand +3 1) Ca, @) NOH @) 1kPO, @)NLy | 17.38 whi sabtanes does phosphorus ave 13 ‘oxidation state? {in whish substance does sul havea oxition | (1) 2309 caro, slateof +42 1 ayes 5 ¢ aus @) $0, | ae @s 80, | 1, What is the oxidation umber of carbon in { NaHCO,? | (6 Os Q)2 a4 |Unit 12: Redox 12,2: and. AIM: + Qxidetion and Reduction © Oxidation =. 2 Reduction = o Thy occur together © Today we see it as a (© Magnesium burned in oxygen o Mgt O + Mh + OF + Oxygen, © Magnesium reacting with chlorine. o Mg + Cw Mgte2 1 - a = Magnesium + Each chlorine ‘9. Oxidation = by an atom o ion Mg + 0 + Mh + O* © Reduction =, by an atom or ion Mg + 0 + Mg + OF © When at atom leses an electron (undergoes. another atom must gain the electron (undergoes(© Because they alvcys occur together we usually call them (oxidation and reduction reactions) * Oxidation * Oxidation =, © As something loses an electron it loses a. o thereisa__......--—= (becomes more. Fe%s)—> Fe™ (aq) + 3e” ‘oxidation number gets more_____________selectrons are. * Reduction * Reduction = © As something gains electrons It © there isa, (becomes more____+) Fe® (aq)+3e" — Fe(s) oxidation number gets more__"_selectrone are, ‘© Notall reactions are. © Todetermine if areaction ‘Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the reactants and products ® Tf there is a change in oxidation number for an atom the reaction is redox + Thereisa © MnO. + 4HCl > MnCle+ 2Cl + 2H:0 ° —___ sonia) OS aa)Regents Questions © During a reduction reaction there is: 1) Loss of electrons and loss of oxidation number 3) Gain of electrons and a loss of oxidation number 2) Leaeof electrons and. gain of enidaton umber 4) Gain of electrons and a galn of anidatonrumber © As an atom is oxidized, the number of protons in the nucleus 2) Decreases 3) Remains the some 2) Increases 4) Depends on the atom. © ‘Tnaedex reaction, the species reduced 1) Gains electrons 3) Loges electrons ond isthe oxidation agent 2) Goins oxidation umber 4) Loses electrons ond isthe reducing agent © Aredox reaction always involves 1) A change inoxidation number 2) Atransfer of protons 2) A change of phase 4) The formation of ions ‘© Which equation represents a redox reaction? 1) NaCl + AgNO3 —+ AgCl+ NaNOs 3) 2KCI0s ~» 2KC1+ 302 2) HCl + KOH He + Kol 4) Hsl03 + HzO + COz © Inthe reaction Cle + HzO -+ HCIO + HCI, hydrogen is, 1) Oxidized only 3) Both oxidized and reduced 2) Reduced only 4) Neither oxidized or reduced (© Inthe reaction 2KCI(I) -> 2K(3) + Cle(g), the KC ions are 1) Reduced by losing electrons 3) Oxidized by losing electrons 2) Reduced by gaining electrons 4) Oxidized by gaining electrons )REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY Activity Series - Tole ta compare the activity of metals to hydrogen ieee 2% ‘More ative meals cx replace less active metals “% Mota that ae more active thin hydrogen can replace hydrogen 1% Hydrogen is used as a sander fr comparing the activity of motals Lithinm QOST ACTIVE) tipi Gold (LEAST ACTIVE) ‘Acids release hydrogen when they react with sctive metals ‘Active meals corrode +t Definition: CORROSION — loss of metalic properties due to action of er, water, end chemicals ‘ Examples Rust 4Fe +30, 2Fe,0, Action of Acids: 2Fo + 6HCI* 2FeC, + 311, % ‘Spontaneous rections - replacement of alas active metal by amor active metal occurs spontaneously 2 ©REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMTSTRY Page 2 eR ‘Anower the qtetins below by eeing the amber of ee cerret response 1 er at sn eight metais? (1) gold (2) tron (3) trencium (4) hydrogen | 2 an bw ng act met rat Ket hesppetn () mpm Saremegen 4. Bred te st ste whe eigen ievbom (desta teaak Seats at ones Be eH 20H a0 4. Based one acy stich fe flowing mas coud ‘NOT race ayo Be rs? (9) Cam 2 Sodan (2) ages () Aina 5 Tho standard on wc th acy ao bsnl (1) uc, 2a) open (agen. 3 4. Ofte etowing wich NOT away o prove comodo? (ype Ch asaig (9 cheng (ag wh 7. Digs gdp in vt ots Ser tor ce mat as cro saa ire (Taree mest cs fe matt es) ols en ee, rng ha acon an ac ata ed Wh ott wi react th 1.06 PH) uta wth 1.0 ‘fa 2A 3Cy 10 te rekon X= 2-2 + x°2 Zn portman, nx ay wily 2% SG Ago ‘1, Wich nt can ee P27 (1)Cu Hg (Fe AD NES ae Ten co ‘OEvanP. Silberstein, 2003, co‘chenurerg: Name (REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY Dati Period Aralgzing Uxidation-Reedvction Peractions ‘When chemical bonds form, electrons are either ost, gned or shared, Metals eee Jose electrons. This is what happens when ion ruts, When the ion, a metal, ae ‘combines with oxygen, a non metal, to form rst, it loses electrons. This pea ‘roses is called oxidation even when the nonmetal isnot oxygen. Nonmetals vam youteep 34 sain electrons causing their oxidation states to go down. Ths is called By Kp cre ‘eduction. It is possible to tell what was oxidized and what was reduced in a yr ‘chemical rection by checking the oxidation sacs ofthe elements before and after the reaction, The element that has an increase in oxidation state was ‘oxidized while the one that has a deorease in oxidation sate was reduced, ‘secuont you Example 2FeCh, + Ch 2FeCl, Fe*—Fe® ron was oxidized For each ofthe examples below, determine the oxidation states of the elements on both sides of the equation. ‘Thea determine which element was oxidized and which was reduced. Write your answer in the space Provided. ‘Reaction Btements [Oxted [Reduced ‘Example: Ca + 2AgNO, — Co(NO,),+2Ag a+ AhghG, -» GiNO}, + 24g 2 ‘a 1, 2Mg+0,-+2Mg0 2, Za+2HC1+ 200, + Hy al 3, FeO, +300-+ 2Fe + 300, 4, 2K,Cr,0, +28, + 38+ 4KOH + 2Cr,0, +380, (5 Goonto the next page)Go to the following website and complete the activity ‘Ltp://wum wise-online conv ob jects/ViewOb ject aspx7TD=6CH17504 In oxidation and reduction reactions, sometimes called. more are transferred between chemicals, reactions, one.or ‘An example of an oxidation-reduction reaction is the following: ‘3CuCla(ag) + 2AI(s) -+ 2AICls(aq) + 3Cu(s) Tn this reaction the Cu’ ions have been converted into copper atoms. This requires that each copper(II) ion gains two electrons. CuF*(aq) + 26° —+ Culs) ‘The electrons for this transformation come from the aluminum atoms: they are converted into ‘A ona by losing 3 electrona, AM) AP + 36° wee ae certs that Giions come out of eoution as Cumetal and Al metal gos into solution as Al™ ion, SCu"(a9) + ZANE) —+ 8Cu(e)+ 24109) Oxidation is defined as the of electrons from a substance. In this reaction the are oxidized because they. electrons, Ale) — AP 6 30° Reduction is defined as the of electrons by a substance, In this reaction are reduced because they. electrons, Cu*(aq) + 26° — Cu(s) Each of these reactions is part of the overall oxidation-reduction reactions and is called a ee ‘Which of the following best describes an oxidation-reduction reaction?«All redox reactions involve (1; the gain of electrons, only (2) the loss of electrons, only @) both the gain and the lass of electrons G) neither the gain noe the los of electrons 2. A redox reaction always involves (1) a change in oxidation number (@) a change of phase (G) the transier of protons (9) the formation of fons J, Fora redox reaction to occur, there must be a transfer of, (1) protons, (@) neutrons @) electrons @) ions 4. Oxidation-reduetion reactions occur because of the competition between particles far 0) neutrons {G) protons (@) electrons (4) positrons 5, Asa sodium atom is oxidized, the number of ‘rotons in its nucleus (1) decreases: 2) increases 8) remains the same J. Which change in oxidation mumber represents seduction? W-l + @-110-2 Q)-1042, (@)-1t00 7. Which change in oxidation number represents ‘eduction? () 3100 @ 203 @) ow+t +1092 5. Which is rss when an Sn’ ion is reduced? 1) Ils ovidation number inerenses. (2) It gains electrons. Q) Its mass decreases. 4) Heacts as a reducing agent | 1 | 9, Which change occurs wien an Si ion is oxidized? (1) Two electrons are lest. {2) Two electrons are geined. 3) Two protons ate lost. (4) Two protons are gained. 10. Which statement correctly describes 3 redox reaction? (1) The owidation half-reaction and the reduction half reaction occur simultaneously. (@) The oxidation halfeaction occurs before the seduction halfreaction, (3) The oxidation halfreaction occurs afer the reduction half reaction (4) The oxidation halfreaction occurs spontaneously but the reduction halfcesction does not. 11. When 1 mote of Ni changes to undergoes (1) oxidation by losing electrons (2) oxidation by gaining electrons ) reduction by losing electrons (4) reduction by gaining electrons the NP 12. Given the reaction: Sn" +26" 5 Sn ‘This reaction can be classified as (1) a reduction reaction, because there is decrease in oxidation number (2) a reduction reaction, because there is an increase in oxidetion number (3) on oxidation reaction, because there i decrease in oxidation number (@) mu oxidation reaction, because there is on Increase in oxidation numberTople 12: Redox 12,3: Half Reactions ALM: + Half Reactions © Show either the * Include the. o Must have. same number of atoms on both sides o Must have. © same. * Conservation of mass: = Conservation of chenge: (© Shows atoms or ions, = Shows oxidation number. = Conservation of mass : ® Conservation of charge ‘ * Helf Reactions * Write the half reactions from the equation and then balance the equation Cu + AgNO; — Cu(NOs)z + Ag© Regents Question © Tnahalf-reaction 41) Only mass if conserved 8) Both mass and charge are conserved 2) Charge only is conserved 4) Neither mass nor charge are conserved © Inthe reaction Mg + Clz —> MgCl, the correct half-reaction for the oxidetion that occurs is 1) Wg 2e Mg” 3) (9) Ga+ 26 2cr 2) (2) Ng —> Ma?" + 26° 4) (A) Che 2cr+ 2 ‘© Given the reaction: AAl(s) + 302(g) — 2A1,03(3) Write the balanced oxidation half-reaction for this oxidation-reduction reactionREDOX AND ELECTROCHRMISTRY pate perioa ST Competitions for Electrons tin Orldation number (Oxidation state) -mumbr asked o keep ‘ite equation for edition en eduction half eacons tack rons bus onthe ebay estan hat shaved es ‘decton beng oho mor dectonaive done! dieser ‘aes fr asgniag oxidation mumbo ‘Atoms compete fr each other's lectros ‘%Cldlon tuber rena at foe eames ae ‘When choca bons form, ecrns teeter oe, ined exihared “Oxidation Reduction reasons (Radon reaction) 2 Masts aren 20 ‘Ten mambo a sama charg on * * Somer en an es hw ong mao op howe + goin 2tds Sway fom 2a and sheys hae a Basar Sone damon unulyhne apt cdo to ‘open has 2-2 cdaton sa xen in peraes se tit-t end conpur wh oat (OF, wo ‘+ Iota is tt tnt th Con on guy fete * $ 'necormndtia see ihe nm 0 3 Repayamtntsopl be cha cn ton eth eee Spe ee * ‘Sum of exdaton dat ig) + Oo -rH900) 4 aml ne ee ve thin Toa oa RT Sn a HTT ccoeteaeri ioosaecomanet 2 ineee uy | etme tate carat tpt 2 nb a cas 1% Bet ratios — rection towing ether agin cross | yt un th conn of chon (7b et ‘sy a onl Panini oo ae ee (Se neg 8 © Ro mnbe acme eee | tnd sn eta of oan yg te am ee aaa aREDOX AND ELECTROCHEMIS: Page 2 nS ‘Answer the questions below by circling fhe number ofthe correct response 1 oma sn one ano arpntot sey 8S feo Gates Ole) Maee 2 ingore: _ Seocham nntacl site curgeas 47 * () 6B5 Qs GOn2 4) 200 3 Whats cnidton rnb ef rin 204? O1 @2 O83 He 4. hath atn sto ba eis in K707? 8 BOO woz * SRP aR aResetnene « pebaeteccnermee Bisa — Fale SSP mow cori 1, Gore 2A. tn*? -+ 248 +20 nti maton be ‘oedngagrtls (1) (@) ASG) Zn) 8 Gh 25°» 24-2 pron Hons gotom anne Garton |” NPY @2rem OAe: 8 Wat twas mires a NO +4 Sige cmeney os 0 " tmorateimcurtes (yaee wae” Gann wee 11, What tenidtin numberof rn B27 O1 O48 Os Oa 12 koe ei eet nb one? eats or we 18, Whats tmosdton mnbeofcrbon in 20427 Ot g2 09 a4 (Bra, Sitberstcin, 2003 15. Magy a product aetna crt 0 oa ‘each Te ton rumba of ange Haes@wetgaetaies 16. Sven tobe! squdor Serre Waren SSE na ans 17, Dang be maton Cas Hy -+ ite onion nerf {Betrtgor canoes tom Hoon wane @ oe M160 1% tenors ro) > S87 tg gr (So Hy) SO? CH HF 18 hor: «NOG + NO +h +240. Th mag ‘meta OM BAT ait wnt 2. Thorton Na) > cf en a» Ne a ro ‘eet ce fom en odo and atten ron ‘ether oan na oreo aon 21. The ction ruber of manganess a Kes Ot BT O38 wo 2 Wm? Fo +S 8, erg Gre? @Fet esr we a snag ste on [oa ‘worfuned Inreaso mascreristrg: = ‘Name —————— REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMZSTAY Date Paried Writing Half Reactions ‘During a redox reaction electrons ‘both lost and gained The metal loses and the: am cl Sep ceee cet sae (Wak Slay Ateneo hig ct en | reaction | are you, oxidation 2Mg{a) + O,@) ~ 2Mg0(6) ‘Magnesium ioges electrons while oxygen gains. The reaction can be spit into two half ‘reactions showing each, The oxidation half reaction shows the las of electrons, Elesvons ‘ae shown on the product side of the equation. The reduction half reaction shows the electron i . ‘Write the half reactions for each of the redax reactions below: 1, Zn+ HNO,~ Zo(NO,),+ NO, + H,0 2. CaS + 1, + HCI CACL + H+ 8 3. NaCIO + HS > NaCl + H,S0, ‘== Go on to the next page, @Chenietrst B ‘mang Han roacoons. REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY Page 2 Se 4. Sn + HNO, + H,0 + H,$n0, + NO 5. KMa0,+ HCL KCL+ MaCl,+ 0+ cl, 6. Fe(OH, + H,0, + Fe(OH, 7. Na+ HO + NAOH+ Hy 8, Za+ HNO, Zn(NO,),+ NO,+ H,0 9. HO, + H,0+ 0, 10. K,Cr,0,+ H,0+ $+ $0,+ KOH+ C0, (©BvanP. Silberstein, 2003 )ithe: ihe lion numbers asm in be romsizion.C10,"7 bos 2 6 10 a4 Zaid)“ CoBO4a) 9 ZS AO) ~ Cy) axing ik tthe oidon numberof Zn ees hy 20 3) oma Bie? 4 300 na telox von th ttl amber ececnms est 1) eserhan toto aunbe ofeletrons exe 2} elise tal numberof proton ssn 3) Ishin the ol numer of eons sn 4) oqust ts wel aumber of loons gamed 4. cagesoncir wea sede? TY "THe Pe nex cleton nd odtion mer 2) Toe bes itr and tonne 2) Tre tn cero an october o TARE cess noon ner —S.nseanion can be wren rept a uid tions 2), daubieeplocete acre 3) oxidaion ad rsd ectons 4) son and stn actions Which pst ce pind nds during a odo8 1) elec 2) pros 3) oetrone A) pasivons Mo anodes asi thar sa coasenation of 1 bothmeas and chase 3) ne. cnly 2) neitermase nor eharge 4) chars, only Whe iteaenen corey epreens oxsion? 1 FO%as) -»Fs)= 2) Fel)+26 > Fea) 2) Faq) 26> mo 14) Fela)-2 FM eq) 2 uxiaation sseauenion 9. Po esi nal scan lay nel 7) sxlaufeteerons anda decease he ion water 2 ainofetecuons ad an neeae inthe iden sum 3) fos clecran nde deeeae i the osiition momber 23) af done md nei son 1 ace your answer the lowing question 9 the swarnasin so, using liberate wei student rca pies of ie ih 1M HCN ase Refeence Table donne ma tn acs ot owt apenas) wi Naa 1, What sth xidoon umber of niteeen in NDE? @{B88 our anawersognesions 1 end 15 one atoning eax East, which seas pmol Zn= CP" 42020 12, Wit the fraction forthe edton da ces | Wine ehalseacton fr the oxidation tat cers vas‘Which half seaction conselyrepesensaxdation? ) Se 420-950?) Sa 5 Sa 420° @) Sal +2640" (a) Sal pS 26° 2. Which rection coreetyrepretnt oniation? 0 FIR) 826 0) Ragone ree 2) Fem) Fea) 2° (3) FeM an) +26 > Fee) 3. Which hatexction correctly repreensoiaion? W) Ryo We ©) H > ait ize @) Fe 9 © Hye 5 ae 4. Which hat enti cone RPG IST ) Samy Sa" 425° 1G) Sate" Sa 2) Sa? aySa!" +2 (a) Sul + 267» SP? 5. A redox eaton always involves (2) s changeinoxidtion munber @) shang of pone G) the tafe of protons @) the formation oftons 6. Asa sodiue alam is oxidize, the umber of pote ihe cleus (1) decreases (2) snereaes 7. Inthe halreaetion PD P+ 2 the PUP 2) remina te are (2) alos protons ) eosidises @) Joes protons (0 in retacet ‘8, When a redox reaction ocear, hae mat be tense of (1) electrons {8 prot 2) seueas @ ions 9. An oxidation balfseation always involves the (2) sin of eecroms onda decrease the aidation ber (2) sain of elocwons and sn incese in tho oxiation ember (@) Joss af electrons nd a decrease inthe oxidation ‘number (4) loss of eecrona and an increas inthe oxidation umber 10. What econ when a stance in an onan darian reaction reduced? (2) ttle electrons, dis ondaton amber dsresses (Q) Hose lectrns, and i oxidation member increases, {G) Tegra electron, ond onion mer desea (@) galas electrons, end ita onion number increases, 11. When s neural atom undergoes aidation, she stom’ 33, The tranuc of which pals segue fr ada reacion 0 occu? (0) slecea @) vero @) ion (8) proton 14 Asm som of nieogen grins electrons, oration mumbo (1) decreases (3) romsin th ae @) increases 15 tna redox eaton, how doce the total ounber of electons {eat by the odized substanes ampere tothe fl uber ofeleons gained bythe reduced ubeanee? (1) The suber let i lays grote than the manber ned. (@) The munber loti lays eqn to the aber gine. (@) The mumber lost is sometines equal othe uber iat (4) The umber lst is sometines less than the ember ined.SECTION EIGHT — OXIDATION AND REDUCTION 210 mind you. ‘Oxidation Remember ORIG idation reactions involve Example: Oxidetion ts Saeed Fesphet 626 ection ca Reaction Retin isthe seven of oxidation — ample: seduction is the gain of electrons. Ch + Ze» 2Cr Aivedc eects lobe elton tne i as 2Nig + 0, > 2MigO [In redex reactions, each substance has an oudel The ion numb ofa spl on, sch as Nas the same as scare. So the onlaton ‘nr fron som tens cach alata al oases fo cine For example sadn and chlorine reac together fo produce selum chloride Intex reacon, sou or an eetron and is xiao ges fm Ot +1. Chir gains anelecvon and te cxdation number changes fom Oo, ‘You can write a half-equation foreach part ofa redox reaction — one forthe reduction aad one forthe ‘oxidation. The main thing isto make sure the numberof electrons i the same for both hiltequations. ‘Below ae the haltequations for this reaction: _2Mg +O, -» 2MgO xidaion:; = Mg —> Mgt + 2e- ‘Reduction; O+ 2 +o The eutions an ight because caygen found ae the gas Oy They nee retin ike his Sitio: 2Mg > 2Mg + der tame Reduction; OO, + 4 > 20* ertecechantiet "Note that there are wn aleczons in th half-equations, which means they/'re nice and balanced. ‘Oridation and Reduction — they mate a lovely couple... Kec rac ta a ry my it pec yc ul ood nr th pag pin url ou abc and wally undonand evry word ft. Then ead over ‘one more me tobe ture. D &~___ Section EicHt — OxipaTion AND REDUCTION Qt Foreach ofthese onic equations, state whether it involves oxidtios ar reduction. 2D Naa Nate by Be, + 26-9 26 2+ 26 9H, Pastete Saree at Q2__ What sa radox reaction? Fetal aah @ What does “OIL RIG" sand for in relation to redom reactions? 4 When molten aluminum oxides electrolyzed, there is 2 redox reaction, Here are the two half-equations fr the reaction: ') State whether the aluminum ions and the oxygen fons have been oxidized or reduced. ') What isthe oxidation number ofthe AP* ions? What ithe oxidation number ofthe Al stoms? (© Whats the exidation numberof the O- ions? What i the oxidation number ofthe O atoms Inthe O, molecules? +4) Copy and complete these sentences: Each fine an atom, a electron tection number Inreasse by one. Eeoh fine an stom ‘an eloiron He edltion number decreases by ono. QS When light hits silver bromide, i splits it into sve and bromine. Thi isa redox reaction. Here are the two haltequations forthe reaction 2) Explain why this is a redox reaction, | 1b) Write down the axdation suber ofthe following: DAs Ag Br Mr QS Balance cach ofthese pie of hal-equatians ANNE HE | WK Ke ADAMI AP Se >A) Br, +26" -4.28r- O,+4e-920% 426-9 2c 20°40, ‘REDOX reactions are just REDuction/OXidation reactions... } A redax reaction is any reaction where one thing gives electrons to another — reduction and oxidation bth happen. You can't really have one without the other, but you can have equations that only show ‘one (hal-equations) if you have a pair ofthese (one forthe oxidation and one forthe reduction you peed to make sure there’ the same numberof electors in each before you can say theyre balance Eichit — OXIDATION AND REDUCTION1, Which halfreaction coneetlyrepresems 10. Inthe renetion reduction? 20+0, -»CO, ()Ga* C126 3) F226 ‘he oxidation ntinber of earbon changes from Q) Ca +24 Ca (IF ENE (w+ @ 41041 | Beton @rw-2 2. Whi hall reetion cost rprenents oxidation? | 1. tn ine trenton (1) Pb?) 285 Pb (3) Pb” Pb +26 Pb'_» PO™ +2 , dhe PE? Q)Pbe2e PH (4) Ph Ph* a: (1) gains protons (3) is oxidized (2) loses protons: (4) is reduced 3. Which halfreaction presents redvetion? | Ca Ce +2 (3) Cu 420-5 Ca? | 12. Inthe reaction A? - 2e-»2cr" P26 Sir (oa) + 268 (09) -» Sn! (oa) +2409 Oe (AT CH*IE | spe specie edieed ay 4. Which falf-eaction correctly represents 8 | ange @ sn* rection easier? ory Was (1) Sn + 20" > Sn" (3) Li? eA Li ae 2)Na® + 6 > Nat (4) Br) + 2e7 -» 2B! 13-Inthereaction; )Ne > (4) Br Br Pps Ag Pb E2Ag, 5. Which hilfreaciion correctly apresents tho Ag’ is reduction? oe | (0) reduced, and the oxidation number changes WEE se 904) EDEN) >CP ede | Hom lod Pe Cae eae pcm | (2) educed, andthe axidation number chan MCP emg+3e MEK)+Ie +c | O REE a 6. Mie lesion oval ro [Byes athe odin ner ages ‘reduction? 3 fa () Sa—>5e" 2° 6) Sn-+20—p a” | gata nal nkaionrmbn hages (2) Sn* Sa" 2a (4) Sn + De > Su i 114 tn the eesetion 17. Which alPreaetion corey represents | ‘2Al(s) + 3Fe™(aq) —> 2AP"(aq) + 3Fe%), ovidatie the species oxidase (1) Sn? 4 2e°—9 Sn? (3) Srp SP +27 | toate) @) Pets) 2) Snt-+25—y Sn” (4) Sn SH HI |G) APM) ) Fetea) 8, Which pein apd svhen a hydrogen stom 15, fy the reaetion 1 oxidi 3) + Cu"(s a Culs), wer or |) Gene me a 2 4) 2009) G)Cw*(eq) Que ou @) Cus) @) Za"(aq) | 16. tn the halteet reaction, Ba? -» Bat* +26", 9. Which half-reaction correctly ropresenis, “ pares | Which is ire of the barium atom? oxidation? (Fp Fre Gy 4 2H 28 (1) gains protons. (3) ft gainselectrons. Oye oF @lpae (2) Ieloses protons. (4) Teases electrons.La Given the reaction, Zais) + Cu"(aq) + Za" (eq) + Cale) ‘Which baif-cell reaction represents the reduction that occurs? (1) Znfs) -» Zn (aq) + 26° (2) Zn" (aq) +26" > Za(s) G) Cu*(aq) +26" > Cafe) (4) Cals) -> Cu (aq) + 26° 2. Given the reac S Cas) + Ca (aq) -> Ca faq) + Cus) Whats the comes rection half-eaction? 1 Cut fa) +26" cs) @) Cu® (aq) ~» Cu(s) +20" G) Cu(s) + 26°» Cu*(aq) ©) Cul) Cu*(aq) +26" 3. Ta the rection Mg + Ch -> MgC, the comect halfrecton for the oxidation that soca is (DMg + 26-5 Mg @) Mg > Mgi*+24" @)Ch + 2° 2Cr (4) Ch, + 2Cr+ 264 4. Given the reaction: Zn(s) + ZHCK(aq) > ZnCl, (oq) + Hg) ‘Which equation represents the correct oxidation hatfreaction? (W) Zn(s) >» Zn + 26° (3) Zu" + 20 -» Z0(0) Qalre me @rcr-+ c+ | S. Given the reaction: 38n" (oq) + 2Cx(s) -» 38a°"(aq) + 2C3""(eq) ‘Which balfreaction correctly represents the () Sot ag) + 26°» San) (Q) Sa™(aq)—> Sn" (aq) +26" @) Crs) > Crag) +36" 4) Ce*(aa) + 36" Cxs) - $. Given the cell reaction; a Sols) + Pb™ (oq) —» Sa (aq) + POG) 10, u . Given the reaction: ‘The reduction half-reacton for this cell is 1) PO (aq) +20" —» Pog) Q) Pos) > PE*(aq) +26" (3) Sui"(aq) + 26° -> Ss) (4) Sn{s) > Sn™(aq) +26” Given the reaction: Fes) + Cu?* (aq) Fe*(aq) + Cu(s) ‘Which half reaction correctly shows the ‘oxidation that occurs? Mg++ CuSO, + MgSO, + Cu ‘Which equation represents the oxidation hat takes place? Q) Mg" +20 Mg @) ar +25 5c @Me—+ Me +28 (4) Ca+ Cx +26" Given the reaction: 2NaC\ +2H,0 ~> 2NdOH +H, + Ch ‘Which electronic equation correctly represents the oxidation that occurs inthis reaction? (2NE 5 aN" +26" (3) 2H +26 HS Mr scrP+2° 4) +26 4207 Given the reaction: 2AN%(G) + 3Ni* (aq) -> 2A1"(oq) + 3G) ‘What isthe total nomber of moles of electrons Jost by 2 moles of AI%s)? me @)3 @2 8 ‘How many moles of electrons would be required. ‘to completely reduce 1.5 moles of Al” t0 At? 0.50 @30 @is @m4s @Unit 12: Redox 12,4: Electrochemical Cells + Exchange of between what is oxidized and what is reduced ° + involves a chemical reaction and flow of electrons > Two types + Voltaic calts: + Blectroltic cal: © Electrodes: How do the parts of an electrochemical cell work? ‘Anode The site where. ‘occurs and electrons are Cathode-The site where___occurs and electrons are. ‘Salt bridge-Allows from one cell to another. Wire- Acts as an external conductor by connecting two haf cells a Place where half reactions occur. = Measures the current potential of a cell. ~ Come loys carversen eecin ever ® ne 7© Electrons lost during _____ travel thraugh wire to what is being * Onidized=___ electrons © Reduced = electrons "+ RED CAT end AN OX ° ___ occurs at the b __ isthe site of + TABLES (© Identify cathode and anode © the metal that is. 0 The metal that is, © Tons are. ‘© Electrons flow from (© Zi? (2) + Pb (aq) —» Zn** (aq) + Pb (s) ‘* Identify the anode, cathode and the flow of electrons © Za? (4) + Pb (ag) ~+ Zn (aq) + Pb® (6) * Label the picture correctly Voltmeter Sait Bridge A)= Glectrdytie Cal! ° reactiors © Needs an placed into the circuit to force the electrons ‘0 flow from the. (does not usually occur) © Electrolysis: {is used to force a chemical reaction te occur © What is the purpose of electrolysis? © Tsused to separate. © How do the parts of an electrolytic reaction work? = Anelectroiytic cell uses a Regents Questions © The function of a salt bridge in a voltaic cel is to 1) Allow the flow of electrons 3) Allow the flow of ions 2) Allow the flow of protons 4) Provide asite for electron tranefer Q0” Which reaction occurs atthe anode in veltac and electrolytic cells? 1) Reduction only 3) Both reduction and oxidation 2) Oxidation only 4) Neither reduction nor oxidation (© The overall reaction in an electrochemical cell is Zn(s) + Cu(aq) —» Cu(s) + Zn. As the reaction in ‘this cell fokes place, 1) Oxidation occurs at the cathode 3) The concentration of Zn* increases 2) The Cu is oxidized 4) The concentration of Cu increases © Consider the following equation 2er(a) + 3CF(0q) ~+ 26r* (an) + 30x43) ‘Which reaction occurs at the cathode in this voltaic cell? 1) Reduetion of CuP*(oq) (@) Oxidation of Cr* (oq) 1) Reduetion of Cu(s) (A) Oxidation of cr(e) © Which of the following occurs in an electrolytic cell? 1) A chemical reaction produces an electric current 3) An exdation reactions takes place at the cathode 2) Anclectric current produces a chemical reaction 4) A reduction reaction tekes place atthe anode (© Voltaic cells differ from electrolytic cells because ina voltaic cell 1) The cathode is positively charged 3) Electrons flow from anode to cathode: 2) The anode is positively charged 4) Electrons flow from cathode to anode:Chemistry: Form WS1U.2.18 Name REDOX AND BLECTROCHEMISTRY Date Period CE Applying the Activity Series ‘During a single replacement reaction, one element Table J Twos "SIRT takes the place of another in a compound. Many _ Activity Soflos"™ ‘compounds, such asthe copper I sulfite, consist of Zn Cu SQ, !%0 Pars, emetal (copper) and a nonmetal (ous) ‘ OO Wena metal such a zinc is dropped into solution ‘voy Somtuining copper'I sulfate, ts natural tendency isto ‘combine with the sulfite by giving electrons to it ‘Tho sulfnie's outer shell is already full, however, ‘because ithas already gained electrons from the copper. Asa result, however, the ‘copper hes room for zine’ electrons. If zinc can force copper to take its electrons, zine can become a cation and take coppers place in the compound. Whether or ‘ot the zine can take the coppe's place depends upon which metal has the ereater ‘tendency to lose electrons. Scientists have determined by experimentation which ‘metals can replace each other in aqueous solution. This resulted in the evelopment ofthe Activity Series 2s shown in Chart J tothe right. The most ‘active metals and noametals ae shown toward the top ofthe chart. Elements at the top ofthe activity series can replace those below them. iat [ste |fRenmesas | Mont For cach example below, if a reaction will occar based on the elements? ‘positions in the Acthity Series, complete the equation and balance it. If there {s no reaction, write no reaction. [NoTE: for metals, the format for single replacement reactions ia AB + C —> CB+ A; for nonmetals the format is AB+D~AD+B} A, Mig(o)+HCKag) ee 2. gis) + CugNO,)(a9)—*, 3. Zas)+Mn(CH,COO),(aq) ~ 4. AMG) + HCKag) > SN BC) 7. Sls) + H,S0,(aq) =. 8. Mg{s)+PO(NO,) (aq). 9. Pb(s)+ AuCi(ag)—> 10, Avie) +LiCKag) + tonal ‘© BvanP. Sitherstin, 2003, aNREDOX AND ELACTROCHEMISTRY Auer the questions below by crling the numberof the corret response 1 a mene co a wn? sis nageege weaning theme = RS 2 Wheres oss ete Snape nen ote set {Gignac nd 2 team sere 4. endanton oe ns 2 pf mpc cre oft as ed bn in eect 2 hones 4A SO: 4m te meson one a ee non, bo prota ates ce ot 1. deaomes “2 inceaces 3. ronsins tw came ‘5 Wan lectin wih she, the mao he poste ecote (1) decreases 2) zecoes (ema he sae ‘© BvanP. Silberstein, 2003, 8 ian i ae te mace a nave code (9) deaeases (rate (3m eeara 1. Wh eo ha oe tate snd? Pegsar nee arete he 2iheeily Rigor = At 4 Ogen ancppe on pted i eda 0504 Sidhe Taatoche ann coemoae aaa {te cpper mis aiaed 3 e agan ass dnd 2 Gecmparinbreacd & tocmptont mance enor BN NP Nhat hen ter 2 LAareanp 3g, grt Rikon beet 1. cea ethan cc moaveansoane Ta i oc tte Ba werName Date REVIEW ACTIVITY : Labelling a Galvanic Cell “The cingram below represents Daniel galvanic ca volving zinc and caper. ‘Match each numbered item in the diagram with the letter of the ‘correct bel trom the lst below. Write your anewers in the space provided. ‘A. Zn" solution anode B. san bridge F Utibe ©. cathode G. copper catlon 1D. sine cation IL Cu” solution a = diecton of cron flow “ i 6. 9. a. Wnte the equation for the halfreaction = a, that occurs atthe eathode. Is this an example of oxidation or of by redueton? 10. a. Write the equation for the halFreaction Wa, ‘that occurs atthe anode. Bs this an example of oxidation or of by reduction? 11, Write the overall nie equation. a 12, Write the overall molecular equation, cr CCHEMESTEY: The aly of Marae IGA price ‘Siomwrtoned i th are accom fr naam one ¢REVIEW ACTIVITY Labelling an Electrolytic Cell ‘Tho itagram below represents the electrolysis of sodium chloride ‘solution (brine). ‘Match each numbered ftem in the diagram with the fetter of the correct label from the list below. A. sodium fon F. postive ternal 2B. cathode G. ©. decvolne TE chlorine gas D. tydrogen gas. anode E, chlondevn J. negative terminal decom of econ How —e- | 2 { ie 2 + 11. a. Write the equation for the halfreaction that occurs atthe cathode Is this an example of oxidaion oF of redhetion? 12. a. Write the ewtion for the halfreetion that eeu atthe anode. B. Io this an example of oxtdation or uf reduction? 18. Write the overall fonke equation. 14. Write the overal molecular equation, EVENT dy ater 4, OPT by Pic tn Sirs at ona cad Aupeton fr aman ony ®THE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL oe Answer the questions below referring to the above diagram and a Tobie of Stondard Electrode Potentiais, 1. Which fs more easily oxidized, metal, cluminum or lead?. 2. What is the balanced equation showing the spontaneous reaction that occurs? ‘What's the moxirum votage that the above cellcan produce? What is the direction of electron tlow in the wire? What isthe direction of postive ton flow inthe saitbridge? giiict grecwoce i decrecaing i aa? =o 1 A parca oad Mitch stecioce & ncrecehig hie? 28 eof te ae What ishoppeniing to the concentration of chminumions? What is happening to the concentration of lead ons?. 19. What is the voltage in this call when the reaction teaches equiiorur? 11. Which Is the anode? ee ee 12. Which is the cathode? ee ee 13, “Whot is the positive electrode? ——— ee 14. Whot s he negative electrode? ®) SPNe OEDREDOX AND ELECTROCUBNTETRY pate Period es Activity arta Electricity ta + desribe an electrochemical cell + describe vols cells and electrolytic cals Metce ‘Merochemial ety ‘+ Runetocing ofthe electrochamical cll ‘Daring singe replacement eacin, more sctive meals ante eecrone tole etve metals ‘the mare sceve mel is ois “the les acive metal a reset ‘fh oidtion and reduction half resins ae physically separnted end atached by «wir, slectons wll low though the wire dig th eacon ‘% Para fen dlecrochemical cll Raducon lod Cra Bal et) ‘Uber lt bridge — lets ons wave! betwen half co to complete the circuit ‘% Examples of dectoshenical calls “Vola Calls (Spontaneous Reston) ‘$ Dafnon—a yaa tha ses &chemicl reaction t produce electricity % Bamples ‘led acd storage bate (mms boty) 1% dey call (inc container moda, carbon contr post cathode) “fe Hleculyiella (Nonaqontmene Ress) ‘ Defnon —a yatta use lcticiy to causes chemicl reaction © Baamples (SF tate] # evigse ter: © editor ps0, maoneas One It} SSeoneing e FTcueniserg = ‘Name — REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY Date Al Salt atid Battery FATHOE -RLEGT! ROLYTE SALT BRIDGE Sen ap ANODE (wonserea'zn) eduction hall Osi ba ll ‘Anower the questions below based ea your readiog above and a your Imoweége of chemistry, Answer questionsi-4 by refering 10 the dlagram to the right shoving an lecrachemical cell. The mala electrode A te slr, The metal at electrode Gis lead The elecroytes at locations B,D, and E are potasshon nitrate, silver nie, respectively 3. Atwhich location re cloctrons being gine? “4. Whi metals being replaced during the reaction inthis lectrochemicalcell?Shanta: ‘Aven ana wamery ‘REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY Page 2 Answer questions 5-16 by referring 10 Table J. Far each of the electrode pairs, which would be the anode in an ‘leeerochemical cel? 5. wea... 9. Aue 13, Cant 6. PuSe .. 10. Maza 14. HAs. TWA coos M1, Fez - 15, CuMg ... & Bei... 12, Cola... 16, ZaiAt Aner questions 17-19 by referring tothe setup shown tothe right wsing a ” lemon and metal stripe. It actually produces meavurable electricity, Fe 17, Explain how the lemon battery works? 18, What parts of typical voltnic cell are missing inthe lemon batty? What effec does this kaveon how well fantions? Explain. 19, lf tho metal sip onthe right is ron and the metal stip on tho lft ie amin, in what dection wil electricity low? 1 20. Wht happens atthe node ofan electrochemical cll? 21. ‘Thar aotwo veins cols pictured cn tho provious page. The one on tho lefts called a wet cel, while the one a he lft ‘is called a dry call. The one at the right is also calld un alkaline cll. What ithe diffrence botwoon thse cella that ‘scoomts for the difference in the way they aro named? a8 ‘©BvmP. Sitberstein, 2003cheng: Name REDOX AND ELECTROCHENISTRY ate Period Forcing Electreris te Meve ‘The energy to run most cars from gasoline. Excotin diss engine, the energy is ‘oleasod from the gasoline by exploding it witha tiny ‘pack ftom a sparkplug. The encrgy 0 make the spac ‘comes from th cars battery. The baticry in the car is called a “wet cell.” i contsinssulfirc acid [3,809], 1 liquid elooolyte. The electricity is genoraied by the | chemical reaction PbO, + Pb+2H,SO,~ 2PbSO, + 24,0 agin spins, a moving magnetin the direction opposite tothe way they normally flow from the battery. These elecsrons rovers the generated electricity in tho batty. A cell hat ues electricity to prodace a chemical rection in this ‘ay is called an clotolytic cell. When the car battery is generating cleric itis an clecrochemical ell. When iti boing, recharged, itis en electrolytic cll ‘Anamer the questians below based on te reading above and on your knowledge of chemistry. |. Write the chemical rection that occurs when acer batery generates electricity, ‘Write thohalfrescions; See ', Whatis oxidized, and what is reduced? a 2. Wie the chemical reaction that occur when a oar battery is recharged. Wee te batt rnentone Se eee ee ee ae ‘. Whatis oxidized, and wht isreducod? ‘3. Alumigum is found inthe mineral bauxite (AI,O,). To gst pore shuminum, dhe whuinam needs to be separated from. oxygen, ‘% Imagine bance forms by the following reaction: 4Al + 30, -* 2ALO, Writ the half reactions. ‘During tho formation of benxite fom its clomens, what is oxidized, and what is reduced? Docs this make seuso ‘considering thet aluminum i a metal? Explain, ‘© Weito tho reaction for tho purification of shuinum ftom bemxite. = Continue onthe next page. ®Chemtsorg: roreang =0¢0N8 w wove REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMIS?RY Page 2 ran 4. Wilt tho half reactions for the prification of aluminum. During the purification, what is oxidized, and what is rood? $e EEE EEE eee eee SE ————————— (© Considering tat aluminum is a metal, suggest a method to purify it Explain. ee 4. trom is fen protcted fom rusting by a process called galvanizing. When a metal is galvanized it is coat with zinc, ‘One way to coat ron wit zns is thcogh a single replacement reaction: Fe + Zn(NO,), * Fe(NO,), + Za, Since the reaction oocor atthe surfice ofthe rn, the iron booomes plated with zinc. ‘© White the half reactions for his reaction. What was oxidized, and what was reduced? _—— es eee 1% Conmalt the sctvity ericson Cha J. How likly isis reaction w Ooour? xplna, — eee © Suggest method to platiron wit ine, Ee 5. Whats an electrolytic cell? What are some ofits fnctions? ee eee Se eee ‘6. What typo of cll is represented by the fllowing rection: Cu-+ AgNO, + Ag + Ca(NO,);? Write the half reactions sssocited wit it Identify the oxidation and reduction half reactions. (© Evan. Silberstein, 2003,Power Webquest Directions: Go to this website, Click on the links to find the answers to each of the questions ‘that are listed below and on the website. Work on your om, You may turn in work by ‘a. Writing arswers on this sheet or 'b, Making a word document and emailing it to me at . Put your name and document title (Power Webquest) in the Subject of the email, 4. Do NOT cut ond paste. Responses MUST BE TN YOUR OWN WORDS to receive credit. . Be sure to answer ALL parts of each question, f. Tf asite does not work use www google.com, ‘tttp://wayback,orchive~ 1. How do batteries work? Who invented the modern battery? How do the batteries made. by this inventor differ from the ones used today? 2. What are semiconductors, and how are they used in harnessing solar power? 3. Thomas Midgley and Eugene Houdry were both chemists who found ways to make mone powerful gasoline. What were their two methode? How did the methods differ? Which ‘method was safer environmentally? ‘4. What is the greenhouse effect? What energy-producing chemical reactions might Contribute to it? What is the carbon cycle and what does it have to do with energy and the greenhouse effect? o)