Psychological Disorders > Other Disorders

Other Disorders
Eating Disorders
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Other Types of Disorders

Psychological Disorders > Other Disorders

Eating Disorders
Anorexia and Bulimia are the two most common types of eating
disorders.Anorexia involves the partial or total abstinence from food for fear of
weight gain.Bulimia is characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by
compensatory behaviors such as purging.
Binge eating disorder is characterized by excessively uncontrolled, impulsive
eating with no compensatory behavior afterward.Eating disorder not otherwise
specified (EDNOS) is any combination of disordered eating behaviors that may
not fit into a diagnostic category.
The cause of eating disorders may be a number of things: biological contexts,
genetic predispositions, psychological factors (such as depression or obsessivecompulsive disorder), and environmental influences (such as social isolation,
parental influence, peer pressure, and cultural pressure).
Cultural idealizations of thinness and youthfulness have contributed to eating
disorders affecting diverse populations, but especially young Caucasian
women.Peer pressure and idealized body types seen in the media may be
significant factors.
Childhood trauma, such as sexual or physical abuse, may also contribute to
eating disorders.

Psychological Disorders > Other Disorders

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Substance use disorder combines the previous DSM categories of "substance
abuse" and "substance dependence" into a single disorder measured on a
diagnostic continuum from mild to severe.Each specific substance is addressed
as a separate use disorder, such as alcohol or stimulants.
Substance use disorder can be diagnosed with physiological dependence,
evidence of tolerance or withdrawal, or without physiological
dependence.Addiction is the continued repetition of a behavior despite adverse
consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors.
Physiological dependence occurs when the body has to adjust to the substance
by incorporating the substance into its "normal" functioning, which creates
tolerance and withdrawal.Tolerance is when body adapts to the substance and
requires increasingly more to achieve effects.
Withdrawal refers to physical and psychological symptoms experienced when
reducing or discontinuing a substance that the body has become dependent
on.Symptoms include anxiety, irritability, intense cravings for the substance,
nausea, hallucinations, headaches, cold sweats, and tremors.
Some of the main theories of causes of substance abuse/addiction are genetic
predisposition, the self-medication theory, and factors involved with
social/economic development.Genetic factors along with social and psychological
factors are contributors to substance use and addiction.

Psychological Disorders > Other Disorders

Other Types of Disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders refer to a disorder of brain function that affects
emotion, learning ability, and memory that unfolds as the individual grows.These
disorders include fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, and
intellectual developmental disorder.
Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders include conditions involving
problems in the self-control of emotions and behaviors, and are unique in that
these problems are manifested in behaviors that violate the rights of others
and/or bring the individual into conflict with societal norms.
Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) are those that involve impairments in cognitive
abilities such as memory, problem solving, and perception.Some types of
cognitive disorders include Alzheimer's disease, dementia and delirium.
A factitious disorder is a condition in which a person acts as if they have an
illness by deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms.The two
most common factitious disorders are Mnchausen syndrome, and Mnchausen
syndrome by proxy.

Mnchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Psychological Disorders

Key terms
binge A rapid and excessive consumption of food.
delirium A temporary mental state with a sudden onset, usually reversible, including symptoms of confusion, inability to
concentrate, disorientation, anxiety, and sometimes hallucinations.
dependence An irresistible physical or psychological need, especially for a chemical substance.
DSM a manual that provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
dual diagnosis Also called co-occurring disorders; the condition of suffering from a mental illness and a simultaneously
occurring substance abuse problem.
dysthymia A milder form of clinical depression, characterized by low-grade depression which lasts at least 2 years.
factitious Counterfeit, fabricated.
fast The act or practice of abstaining from food or of eating very little food
purge An evacuation of the bowels or a vomiting.

Psychological Disorders

What is difference between Anorexia and Bulimia?

A) Little or no difference; Anorexia is a kind of Bulimia.

B) People with Bulimia avoid eating; Anorexics binge-eat and then purge
to avoid gaining weight.
C) Unlike Anorexia, Bulimia causes menstruation to stop.
D) Anorexics avoid eating; people with Bulimia binge-eat and then purge
to avoid gaining weight.

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Psychological Disorders

What is difference between Anorexia and Bulimia?

A) Little or no difference; Anorexia is a kind of Bulimia.

B) People with Bulimia avoid eating; Anorexics binge-eat and then purge
to avoid gaining weight.
C) Unlike Anorexia, Bulimia causes menstruation to stop.
D) Anorexics avoid eating; people with Bulimia binge-eat and then purge
to avoid gaining weight.

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Psychological Disorders

Which one of these is thought to contribute to the development of

eating disorders?
A) Cultural and media idealization of thinness.

B) Genetic and other biological factors.

C) All of these may contribute to the development of eating disorders.

D) Environmental factors, such as abuse, peer pressure or parental
pressure.

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Psychological Disorders

Which one of these is thought to contribute to the development of

eating disorders?
A) Cultural and media idealization of thinness.

B) Genetic and other biological factors.

C) All of these may contribute to the development of eating disorders.

D) Environmental factors, such as abuse, peer pressure or parental
pressure.

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Psychological Disorders

An individual may develop substance use disorder for which one

of these reasons?
A) A genetic predisposition

B) All of these

C) Self-medication

D) A psychological predisposition

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Psychological Disorders

An individual may develop substance use disorder for which one

of these reasons?
A) A genetic predisposition

B) All of these

C) Self-medication

D) A psychological predisposition

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Psychological Disorders

Symptoms of withdrawal include all of the following except:

A) nausea

B) positive affect

C) cold sweats

D) hallucinations

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Psychological Disorders

Symptoms of withdrawal include all of the following except:

A) nausea

B) positive affect

C) cold sweats

D) hallucinations

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Psychological Disorders

What sets disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders

apart from other emotional/behavioral regulation problems?
A) They must exhibit symptoms before the age of 15 to be diagnosed.

B) They underlying causes of the problems in this category vary greatly.

C) They are manifested in behaviors that violate the rights of others.

D) All of these.

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Psychological Disorders

What sets disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders

apart from other emotional/behavioral regulation problems?
A) They must exhibit symptoms before the age of 15 to be diagnosed.

B) They underlying causes of the problems in this category vary greatly.

C) They are manifested in behaviors that violate the rights of others.

D) All of these.

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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/