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owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 1 11/8/2007 6:59:34 AM


a&S@ESifh aemufausmzHk; yef;csD - OD;0if;xGef;
twGif;'DZdkif; tjyiftqif - O'gef;pmapmiftzGJ@
uGefjyLwm jrefrmpmvHk; - Radio Burma Group

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 2 11/8/2007 6:59:34 AM


owif;orm; owdxm;p&m
jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

pma&;q&mr ar_idrf;
u a&;om;ðypkonf?

pma&;q&m armifomrn
u ulnDwnf;jzwfonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 3 11/8/2007 6:59:34 AM


rmwdum

trSmpm ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 1
tcef;(1) a0g[m&trSm; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 2
tcef;(2) toHxGuftrSm; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 10
tcef;(3) pmvHk;aygif;owfyHktrSm; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 26
tcef;(4) o'NgtrSm; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 36
usrf;udk;pm&if; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 00

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 4 11/8/2007 6:59:34 AM


trSmpm
jrefrmbmompum;udk toHk;jyKI owif;tcsuftvufrsm; a&;om;xkwfv$ifhaeaom
owif;orm;wdk@ taejzifh jrefrmbmompum;udk u|rf;usifydkifEdkif&ef vdktyfygonf// owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;. wdusrSefuefr_rSm bmompum;u|rf;usifr_tay:rSDI ajymif;vJEdkifaoma=umihf
jzpfonf/
o'Nga&;xH;k jzpfap/ a0g[m&toH;k tE_e;f jzpfap/ owfyjkH zpfap/ toHxuG jf zpfap wpHw
k ck
rSm;,Gif;c|wfacsmfv#if owif;tcsuftvuf. t&nftaoG;rsm; avsmhyg;oGm;ygonf/ o'NgrSm;v#if
w&m;vdku w&m;cHjzpfoGm;Edkifonf// a0g[m&rSm;v#if r&nf&G,fbJ qJovdk jzpfoGm;Edkifonf//
owfyHkrSm;v#if t"dy`g,fwufwufpif vGJoGm;Edkifonf/ toHxGufrSm;v#if av;eufaompum;onf
&,fp&m jzpfoGm;Edkifonf/ bmompum;tm;enf;r_a=umihf t&nftaoG;avsmhyg;aeaom owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;udk rD'D,mrsm;wGif rawG@csiftqHk; awG@ae&onf/ r=um;csiftqHk; =um;ae&onf/
y&dowfwdk@ESpfoufaom owif;rD'D,mwdk@udk =unhfvdkufv#if ta&;tom; tajymtqdk toHae
toHxm; pepfusonfh t&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpHkonfudk {uefawG@&rnf/
owif;aumif;wyk'fudk &&Sd&eftwGuf tvGefcufcJonfudk owif;orm;wdkif; odonf/
od@k aomf ,if;owif;aumif;onf bmompum;c|w, f iG ;f r_a=umihf owif;vGJ owif;rSm;wck tjzpfo@kd
ajymif;oGm;Edik of nfukd owdxm;oifo h nf/ tenf;qH;k tm;jzihf owif;y&dowf. tod^m%ftwGi;f od@k
wef;ueJ pkud rf 0ifomG ;bJ a0hvnfa=umifywf rjywfrom; jzpfaewwfonf/ ta&;tom;tajymtqdk
rwwfojzihf y&dowfrSm raxrJhjriftvkyfcH&ovdk cHpm;&onfrsm; &Sdonf// ra&r&m Za0Z0g
pOf;pm;&cufaewwfonf / / bmompum;wG i f tawG ; tac: t,l t qwd k @ tjyif ,Of a us;r_
tEkynmrsm;vnf; 'GefwGJyg0ifaeonfudk owdjyK&ygrnf/ ausmufaumif;wyGifh jzpfvmzdk@twGuf
ausmufaoG;twwf vdktyfouJhodk@ owif;aumif;wyk'f jzpfay:vmzdk@twGuf bmompum;
twwfynm vdktyfonf/
jrefrmy&dowfudk OD;wnfaeaom owif;orm;wdk@taejzifh jrefrmpm jrefrmpum;udk
yg&*lajrmuf r[kwfaomfrS wdwdusus a&;om; ajymqdkwwf&ef vdktyfonf/ jrefrmbmompum;ESifh
ywfoufI tajccHOya'owd@k udk odxm;oiho f nf/ jrefrmpm ta&;tom;ESihf jrefrmpum;tajymtqdw k @kd
wGif jzpfavhjzpfx&Sdaom tvGJtrSm;rsm;udk odxm;oihfonf// Tpmtkyfonf owif;orm;wdk@
twGuf jrefrmpm jrefrmpum;ukd wdwdusus a&;om;ajymqdkEdkif&ef tultnDay;rnfh pmtkyfwtkyf
jzpfygonf/

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 

CE-BM-Final.indd 1 11/8/2007 6:59:34 AM


tcef; (1)
pum;oHk; trSm;/ a0g[m& trSm;
jrefrmhtoHa&'D,dkeSifh jrefrmh¶kyfjrifoH=um;tygt0if rD'D,mrsm;wGif jrefrmpum;vHk;udkyif
tac:a0:rSm;/ toHk;rSm;rsm;jzifh ajymqdkrd=uonfudk awG@ae&ygonf?

tac:a0:rSm;jcif;onf ajymqdkvdkaom t"dy`g,fvGJacsmfapEdkifaoma=umifh vlxktwGuf


qufo, G af &; =um;cHrsm;jzpfaom rD',
D morm;rsm;taejzifh pum;vH;k / a0g[m& rSeu
f efa&;udk
txl; *±kjyKoifhygonf?

a'ooHk; tac:a0:rsm;
jrefrmEdkifiHonf vlrsKd;uGJrsm;pGmaexdkifaom EdkifiHjzpfonfhtwGuf bmompum;uGJrsm;
&Sdaeonfhtjyif a'otvdkufuGJjym;onfh a'od,pum;rsm;vnf; &Sdygonf?

rD'D,morm;rsm;onf a'ooHk; pum;rsm;udk em;vnfxm;oifh/ odxm;oifh+yD; roJuGJonfh


a0g[m&rsm;udk aoaocsmcsm ar;jref;pHkprf;+yD; oHk;pGJoifhygonf?

Oyrm- a'otrnfrsm;ac:&mwGif txl;ojzifh owdxm;oifhonf?


- u&ifjynfe,f&Sd ‘c,m;&Gm’udk ‘bk&m;&Gm’[k rSm;,Gif;a=unmjcif;rsKd;udk owdjyKoifh
onf? xdk@twl rSm;wwfaom a'otrnftcsKd@ukd Oyrmtjzpf wifjyygrnf?
yJcl; - A*dk;
ppfudkif; - Z*dkif;
'DyJ,if; - 'y,if;
vyGwWm - vwfyGwfwm
rwW&m - r',m
qm;vif;}uD; - qvif;*sD;
EGm;xdk;}uD; - exdk;*sD;
rkwWr - r'r
'g;u - 'u
ausmuffyef;awmif; - ausmufya'gif;
jrif;jcH - jrif;*sH
wHwm;OD; - ''tl; - [k ac:&onfudk owdxm;&ygrnff?

 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 2 11/8/2007 6:59:35 AM


Oyrm- yckuLU Y arwWmyd@k ºucsaD om oHCmrsm;udk ppfwyfu t=urf;zufErdS ef if;onfh
ta=umif; owif;wckwGif ‘bwfcGuf’ [laom toHk;wckudk awG@&ygonf? xdk ‘bwfcGuf’
qdkonfrSm pifppf ‘bwf*G’ om jzpfygonf? bwf*GqdkonfrSm xdka'ow0dkufY ‘avmuf
av;cG’udk ac:onfh toHk;tE_ef;jzpfonf?
odk@aomf xdk a'ooHk;a0g[m&udk rodojzifh ‘bwfcGuf/ rwfcGuf’ [k tvGJvGJ
trSm;rSm; oHk;oGm;=uonfhtwGuf owif;em;axmifolrsm;twGuf em;vnfr_vGJjcif;/ r&Sif;
vif;jcif;rsm; jzpfaponf?
tnmbufY ‘aumufn‡if;usnfawmifh’udk ‘cJvHacsmif;/’ ‘vufESdyf"mwfrD;’udk
‘'kwfrD;/’ rkH&GmbufY‘ rD;ajymif;’udk ‘rD;ykavG’/ armfvòrifbufrSm ‘jrif;vSnf;’udk ‘bHkjywf’
ponfjzifh ac:aom a'od,oHk;rsm;udk odxm;oifhonf?
'Hk;wdkufuGif;[laom toHk;rsKd;udk owif;ajymolu ('Hk;wdkufuGif;qdkonfrSm
bkef;awmf}uD;rsm; ysHawmfrlonfhtcgoHk;onfh ok\efuGif;udk qdkvdkygonf?) [lI xnfh&Sif;
ay;&ef vdkayonf?
&Gmaqmfudk ,ckacwfY &mxl;&mcHtoHk;tE_ef;jzifh &,u [k oHk;E_ef;aomfvnf;
owif;wyk'Yf ‘&Gmapmf’(&Gmaqmf) [k oH;k onft h jyif pmvH;k aygi;f owfyu kH vnf; rSm;aeygao;
onf?
xdt k oH;k tE_e;f onf wEdik if v
H ;kH twdik ;f twmESihf em;vnfEidk &f rnf[o
l nfh owif;
ta&;tom; pnf;urf;ESifhvnf; udkufnDr_r&Sday?

twdkaumuftoHk;
owif;rsm;wGif tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ Xmeqdik &f mrsm;. trnfrsm;udk ajr-a=u;-&Si;f /
v,f-pdkuf-&Sif;/ a&-&if;jrpf ponfh twdkaumufoHk;jcif;rsKd;udk a&Smif&ygrnf?
Oyrm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudk owif;tpuwnf;u w}udrfrS tjynfh
tpHk rdwfqufrxm;bJ 'D-csKyf [k awmufav#mufa=unmjcif;rsKd; jzpfonf?
xdkodk@ twdkaumufac:a0:oHk;pGJjcif;a=umifh xdkowif;rsdK;udk w}udrfwcgr# em;r
axmifzl;olrsm;/ xdktzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tu|rf;r0ifolrsm;twGuf r&Sif;vif;jcif;/ em;rvnf
jcif;rsm; jzpfapygonf?
xdk@twl !¸ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf udk !¸efcsKyf/ ygarmuQcsKyf udk yg-csKyf [k oHk;jcif;rsKd;
udkvnf; owif;ta&;tom;wGif a&Smif&rnfjzpfygonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 

CE-BM-Final.indd 3 11/8/2007 6:59:35 AM


olr [lonfhtoHk;
,ckaemufyikd ;f owif;rsm;Y olr qdak om emrfpm;toH;k ESihf ywfouf+y;D tjiif;yGm;
p&mjzpfaeygonff?
pifppf olr qdo k nfrmS &opmayxJu xGuaf y:vmaom toH;k qef;wckjzpfonf?f
odk@aomf owif;rsm;wGif oHk;avhr&Sdaom/ oHk;zdk@vnf;rvdktyfaom t!¸ef;emrfpm;om
jzpfygonf?

Oyrm (1)
- rpPwm*efbm&Du a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd olr &J@ aetdrrf mS oGm;a&muf awG@qHck yhJ gw,f?
- rpPwm*efbm&Du a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk ol@aetdrfrSm oGm;a&muf awG@qHk cJhygw,f?

Oyrm (2)

- a':atmifqef;pk=unfu trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;eJ@ywfoufwhJ olr&J@ oabmxm;udk


wifjycJh+yD;jzpfygw,f?
- a':atmifqef;pk=unfu trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;eJ@ywfoufwJh ol@ oabmxm;udk
wifjycJh+yD;jzpfygw,f?

a=umfjim/ a=unm
aemuftrSm;wckuawmh a=umfjim eJ@ a=unm udk ruGJjym;wmyg?
- EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u jrefrmtm;upm; zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf tbufbufrS aqmif&Guf
vkyfudkifay;aea=umif; owif;pma&'D,dkrsm;rS r=umc% a=umfjim ajym=um;aeaomfvnf;
vufawG@Y c&D;ra&mufvSay? (a=unm [ka&;rSrSefrnf)
- ,cktcg pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif}uD;rsm;onf rdrdwdk@vkyfief; atmifjrifa&;twGuf a=umfjim
udk tm;udk;vm=uonf?

ta&;rSm;/ tokH;rSm; pum;rsm;


trSwfrxifa&;rdokH;rd&mrS ta&;rSm;tokH;rSm; jzpfoGm;wwfaom pum;rsm;jzpf
onf? toHxGuftwdkif; vdkufa&;rd&mu ta&;rSm;oGm;&jcif;jzpfonf?
toHxu G yf t
Hk wkid ;f r=umrDukd r=umrS/D rkom;udk rlom;/ rifukd rSi/f jrm;ukd jr‡m;/
oGm;vsufvmvsufudk oGm;v#ufvmv#uf/ vsifjrefudk v#ifjref [k rSm;a&;wwfjcif;rSm
toHxuG yf u
Hk kd vdu
k +f y;D rSm;a&;rdwwfjcif; jzpfygonf?f
 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 4 11/8/2007 6:59:35 AM


ygVdpum; trSm;rsm;
rSm;,Gif;&Gwfqkdrd&mu tokH;wGifoGm;+yD; ta&;tom;yg rSm;oGm;wwfaom
pum;rsKd;vnf; &Sdygonf? om"ujy&v#if axmrem [laom ygVdpum;onf csD;rGrf;jcif;[k
t"dy`g,f&ygonf?
od@k aomf axmrem udk axmyem [k rSm;,Gi;f &Gwq f rkd &d mrS tok;H wGiof mG ;+y;D cs;D rGr;f
axmyem [k trsm;okH;ae=uygonf? pifppfwGif csD;rGrf;axmrem [k okH;rS rSefygvdrfhrnf?
xkd@twl terw*~ [laom ygVdpum;onf tpr&Sdaom/ tpudkrodEdkifaom
[k t"dyg` ,&f ygonf? ToHo&m}u;D . tpudrk odEikd o f jzifh terw*~ oHo&m [k ok;H avh&=dS u
ygonf?
ra&wGuEf idk af tmif rsm;jym;onf [laom t"dyg` ,jf zifv h nf; ok;H =uygao;onf?
’ayghayghae ayghayghpm;olrsm; terw*~ &Sdavonf’ [laom tokH;rsKd;jzpfonff?
odk@aomf terw*~ ukd tewuUr [k rSm;,Gif;&Gwfqdkrd&mu ’'DvdkvlawG
tewuUryJ’ [laom tok;H rsK;d udk tcsK@d uok;H ae=uygonf? terw*~ [ko;Hk rS rSeyf gvrd rhf nf?
a&;ykcH si;f eD;pyfaompum;rsK;d a=umifh a,mifrmS ;ok;H rdwwfaom pum;rsK;d vnf;
&Sdygonf? uwd (0efcHcsuf/ oabmwlnDcsuf/ tcsdef;tcsufpum;) ESifh *wd (vm;&m/ owW0g
wdk@ao+yD;aemuf tcsdef;tcsufae&m) wdk@onf a&;ykHcsif;eD;pyfaom ygVdpum;ESpfvkH; jzpfyg
onff?
qifw, l ;kd rSm;jzpfonht f jyif uwd udv
k nf; *wd [kyif toHxu G o f nft h wGuf
*wdjyK / *wday; [k a,mifrSm; okH;rdwwf=uygonf? uwdjyK / uwday; [kokH;rS rSefyg.?
xdk@twl u¶k%m (oem;jcif;) ESifh *¶k (tav;xm;jcif;) wdk@onfvnf;
a&;ykcH si;f eD;pyfaom ygVpd um;ESpv f ;Hk jzpfygonf? u¶k%m ukd *¶k%m [k toHxu G o f nft h jyif
qifwl,dk;rSm;jzpfaom *¶k (*¶kpdkuf/ *±kjyK) uvnf; &Sdaeojzifh *¶k%m [k a,mifrSm; okH;rd
wwf=uonf? u¶k%m [kokH;rS rSefygrnf?
t"dy`g,ft& eD;pyfr_&SdonfudkvdkufI tokH;rSm;wwfaom pum;rsKd;vnf;
&Sdygonf? t"dÏmef onf t"dÏme [laom ygVdpum;rS qif;oufI pdwfYpGJjrJpGm jyÏmef;
owfrSwfjcif;/ wnfaqmufjcif;[k t"dyg`,f&ygonf?
oEMdÏmef onf oEMdÏme [laom ygVdpum;rS qif;oufvmI pdwq f ;Hk jzwfjcif;/
pdwyf ikd ;f jzwfjcif; [k t"dyg` ,&f ygonf? oEMÏd mefjyKonf/ oEMÏd mefcsonf [k ok;H avh&ydS gonf?
oEMdÏmef udk t"dÏmef ESifh a&m+yD; oH"dÏmef [k rSm;okH;wwf=uygonf? oEMdÏmef
[k okH;rS rSefygrnf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 

CE-BM-Final.indd 5 11/8/2007 6:59:35 AM


roHk;oifhaom toHk;vGJ toHk;rSm;rsm;
(±kef@&if;=urf;wrf;aom tqJtqdk toHk;tE_ef;rsm;ESifh t&yfoHk;pum;rsm;)

Oyrm (1) -
- ppftpdk;&[m bmyJvkyfvkyf&qdkwJh taetxm;rsKd;eJ@ vufr0hH jzpfaewmyg?
vufr&G@H uom toH;k rSejf zpfonf? r0Hh u a=umuf&@GH onft
h "dy`g,jf zpf+y;D / r¶G@H urS ra=umuf
onfh t"dy`g,fjzpfI t"dy`g,f vHk;0vGJrSm;oGm;aponfh toHk;rSm;jzpfygonf?

Oyrm (2) -
- qENjyoHCmawmf tenf;qHk; tyg;waxmifausmfavmuf zrf;cHxd cJhygw,f? (zrf;qD;cH
cJh&ygw,f)
zrf;cHxd [lonfhpum;vHk;onf t&yfoHk;pum;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh pHbmompum;oHk;&ef
vdktyfonfh rD'D,mrsm;wGif roHk;pJGoifhyg? zrf;qD;cH& udkom oHk;&ygrnf?

Oyrm (3) -
- òr@tESH@ vHkjcHKa&;awG wif;wif;usyfusyf csrSwf xm;ygw,f? (cs)
csrwS f [laomtoH;k rSm pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf; Oya'ta&;t&mrsm; owfrw S f uef@owf&mYom
oHk;ygonf? vkHjcHKa&;csjcif;udk csxm; [kom oHk;ygonf?

Oyrm (4) -
- ocsKõif;ajrae&m owfrSwfay;vdkufwJh twGuf olwdk@tzdk@ 'D ocsKõif;ajrae&mudk yxrqHk;
t}udrf toHk;jyKcJh&wm jzpfygw,f? (yxrqHk; tjzpf)
xdk0guswGif yxrqHk;t}udrf [laomtoHk;u aemufxyft}udrfrsm;pGm &Sdaeao;onf[k
edrdwfzwfonfh qifhyGm;teuf oufa&mufaeygonf?
xdk@a=umifh vHk;0rSm;,Gif;aeonf[k rqdkEdkifaomfvnf; t"dy`g,frjywfrom; jzpfaponfh
0gus[k qdkEdkifonf? jzpfoifhonfrSm ‘yxrqHk; tjzpf’[laom azmfjycsufrsKd; jzpfonf?

Oyrm (5) -
- w±kwftm%mydkifrsm; r,m;i,f ,lwJhudpPeJ@ ywfouf+yD; æ
r,m;i,f [laomtoHk;onfvnf; t&yfoHk;pum;omjzpfonf? owif;oHk;taejzifh qdkyg
u vuf&SdZeD;tjyif xm;&Sdaom aemufxyfZeD;r,m; odk@r[kwf aemufxyfZeD;r,m; [k
oHk;E_ef;oifhygonf?
 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 6 11/8/2007 6:59:35 AM


- oHCmawmf ESpfOD; udk ar;jref; cJhygw,f?
jrefrm±d;k &mtpOftvm tac:ta0:rsm;udk *±kpukd o
f ;kH pG&J ygrnf? xd@k a=umifh ‘oHCmawmf ESpyf g;
udk av#mufxm;ar;jref; cJhygw,f’ [kom jzpf&ygrnf?

Oyrm (6)
- awmifOuUvmyrS ausmif;wdu k f wck udk 0ifa&mufp;D eif;cJw
h ,fv@kd od&ygw,f? (ausmif;wdu
k f
wwdu k )f
jrefrmpum;ac:xHk;t& ausmif;wdkufwwdkuf [laomtoHk;udk *¶kjyKoifhygonf? xdk@
twlyif
EGm; waumif
ppfwyf wwyf
bk&m; ESpfql
ouFef; ESpfpHk
ausmif; wausmif;
tdrf wtdrf
puf±Hk w±Hk
&[ef;r,fawmf
ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf}uD;. zcrnf;awmf - paom toHk;rsm;udk *±kwpdkuf
oHk;pGJ&rnfjzpfonf?

Oyrm (7)
- paumhaps; w0dkufrSmawmif vloGm;vlvm ajcmufuyfaew,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
vuf&Sdtac:a0:rSm AdkvfcsKyfaps;jzpf+yD;/ w&m;0ifowfrSwfxm;aomtrnfrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmif
qef;aps; jzpfygonf?
owif;em;axmiforl sm;u vGwv f yfa&;r&cifu ac:a0:cJo
h nfh paumhaps; [laomtrnfukd
odrxm;ygu xdkowif;rSm r&Sif;vif;aomowif; jzpfoGm;Edkifygonf? owdjyK&rnfh
tcsufjzpfygonf?
xdkuJhodk@yif
*E<Daq;±Hk udk ta&S›ydkif;aq;±Hk
*srcEMmaq;±Hk udk A[dktrsdK;orD;aq;±Hk}uD;
umwdkvpfaq;±Hk udk pHjyaq;±Hk

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 

CE-BM-Final.indd 7 11/8/2007 6:59:35 AM


bm;vrf; udk r[mAE<Kvyef;jcHvrf;
za&Zmvrf; udk taemf&xmvrf;
pywfvrf; udk Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;
c&pfvrf; udk odrfjzLvrf; - pouJhodk@ ,ae@acwf vlodrsm;aom w&m;0if
toHk;twdkif; ajymif;vJoHk;pGJ&ef vdkygonf?

Oyrm (8) -
- xdkpcef;rS wm0efus&Jt&m&Sdu oHCmawmfudk uGrf;rpm; eJ@ / -D;pm; [k ajymonf?
xdk0gusudk owif;tjzpf a&;om;azmfjyvdkygv#if
- xdkpcef;rS wm0efus&Jt&m&Sdu wdkif;xGmqJqdkcJhonf[k xdkum,uH&Sif oHCmawmfu
ajymjyygonf [k a&;om;Edkifygonf?
(owif;azmfjycsuf[lonf y&dowftm; av;pm;or_jzifh a&;om;a=unm azmfjy&onf
jzpfI t&yfoHk;qefonfh qJa&;wdkif;xGmonfh tajymtqdk ta&;tom;wdk@udk a&Smif=uOf&ef
vdkayonf?)

Oyrm (9) -
- xdktpDtpOfudk rae@u v$ifhxkwf cJh+yD;jzpfygw,f?
xkwfvkyf&efjyifqif+yD;rS v$ifhjcif;jzpfojzifh toHk;rSefrSm xkwfv$ifhom jzpfonf? (wcgw&H
xkwfv$wf [k oHk;onfudkyif awG@&wwfygao;onf?)

Oyrm (10) -
- xdkudpPESifhywfoufI wpHkw&m ajz&Sif;jcif;rjyKbJ a'ocHtm%mydkifawG&J@ wm0efom
jzpfw,fvdk@ v$Jcs ajzqdkoGm;ygw,f?
v$Jcs [laom pum;onfvnf; t&yfoHk;pum;yifjzpfonf? owif;oHk;pum;t&qdkv#if
‘xdkudpPESifhywfoufI wpHkw&m ajz&Sif;jcif;rjyKbJ a'ocHtm%mydkifrsm;. wm0efom
jzpfonf[k tjypfyHkcs ajzqdkoGm;ygonf’ [kom a&;oifhygonf?

Oyrm (11)
- wu,fvdk@ tJ'DaxmufcHyGJudk rvdkufbl;vdk@jiif;qef&if '%faiG 2000 uae 3000 xd
±dkufxnfh w,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
xdkowif;Y 2000/ 3000 [laom ta&twGufrSm usyfaiGjzpfa=umif; azmfjy&efvdk+yD;/

 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 8 11/8/2007 6:59:35 AM


±dkufxnfh [laomtoHk;onfvnf; t&yfoHk;bmompum; jzpfaeygonf? xdk@a=umifh
owif;oHk; pHbmompum;jzifhom oHk;pGJ&ygrnf? xdk@a=umifh ‘wu,fvdk@ tJ'DaxmufcHyGJudk
rvdkufbl;vdk@jiif;qef&if '%faiG usyf 2000 uae usyf 3000 txd '%faiG±dkufcH&w,fvdk@
od&ygw,f’ [k a&;om;oifhygonf?

Oyrm (12)
- 'DtpDtpOfudk em;axmifwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;yg?
xdk ajym=um;csufwGifvnf; aus;Zl;yg [laom toHk;onf t&yfoHk;pum;jzpfonfhtjyif
t"dy`g,ftm;jzifhvnf; jynfhpHkr_r&Sdaom 0gus jzpfaeygonf? owif;oHk;t&qdkv#if
‘'DtpDtpOfukd em;axmifwt hJ wGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,f’ [k tjynfth pHk ajymoifyfh gonf?

Oyrm (13)
- romydk@wmudkawmh AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;oef;a&$ wufa&mufjcif;r&Sdbl;vdk@ od&ygw,f?
jzpfoifhonfrSm -
‘tokbtcrf;tem; udk AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;oef;a&$ rwufa&mufbl;vdk@ od&ygw,f’ [kom
pHtoHk;tE_ef; okH;oifhygonf?

txufYwifjycJah om owdjyKz, G af 0g[m&toH;k / pum;oH;k rsm;rSm rD',


D mrsm;wGif
trSww f rJo
h ;kH pGaJ ewwfaom toH;k rSm;rsm;jzpfygonf? txl;ojzifh toHvi$ rhf 'D ,D m (a&'D,)kd
rsm;wGif awG@ae&onfhtrSm;rsm; jzpfygonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 

CE-BM-Final.indd 9 11/8/2007 6:59:35 AM


tcef; (2)
toHxGuftrSm;
jref r mh t oH a &'D , d k e S i f h jref r mh ± k y f j rif o H = um; tygt0if rD ' D , mrsm;wG i f
jrefrmpum;vHk; udkyif toHxGuftrSm;rsm;jzifh ajymqdkrd=uonfudk awG@ae&ygonf?
toHxGufrSm;jcif;a=umifh ajymqdkvdkaom t"dy`g,fudk vGJacsmfapEdkifaoma=umifh
rD'D,morm;rsm;taejzifh pum;oHyDa&;udk txl; *±kjyK oHk;E_ef;oifhygonf?
xdk@a=umifh jrefrmhrD'D,mwGif awG@&aom rSm;avh&Sdonfh toHxGufrSm;rsm;udk
twwfEdkifqHk; óu;pm; &SmazGI wifjyygrnf?

ygVd toHxGufrsm;

arwWmokwf - rpfwmokwf (rspfwm r[kwf)


ynmwwf - yifnmwwf (ysifnmwwf r[kwf)
ÉDum - wD*g ('D*g r[kwf)
u¾ - uef'gh (*ef'gh r[kwf)
edpP"l0 - edpfp'l0 (ae@w'l0 r[kwf)
ywWydk%f - ywfwydkif (bwfvbdkif r[kwf)
aumv[v - (aumvm[mv r[kwf)
0gus - 0ufusmh
(0gufus udk aygif;a&;xm;aom pmvHk;aygif;jzpfI 0ufusmh [k zwf&ef)/?

xdk@twl -
ousomuD - oufusmh om*D
p=u0Vm - puf=um0vm
p=u0aw;rif; - puf=u0a';rif;
"rRp=um - 'rpufusm
y&duQ&m - y&dwfc,m
vufsm - vuf,m
a,bk,s - a,bHk,
tm0Z…ef; - tm0ZfZef;
tmvmyov†my - tmvmyomvmy

10 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 10 11/8/2007 6:59:36 AM


- ygVdwGif n onf ^ ESpfvHk;aygif;xm;jcif;jzpf+yD; a&S@pmvHk;. towfyif
jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh n a&S@u pmvHk;udk zwfvsif ^ oH (wenf;tm;jzifh ‘if’oH/
‘ef’owf) ESifh zwf&onf?
Oyrm -
ynm - yifnm
ykn - ykefn
yÉd^m^f - b'defnif
0dnm^f - 0defnif
onm - oifnm
tnrn - tifnrifn
tn=w - tifnw&
omrn - omrifn
tbdnm^f - tbdefnef

toHxGuf/ pmvHk;aygif;ESifh t"dy`g,f qufpyfr_

toHxGufqifoa,mif &Sdaomfvnf;/ pmvHk;aygif;rwlbJ t"dy`g,ftm;jzifh


qufpyfaeaoma=umifh tvGefrSm;avh&Sdonfh pum;vHk;rsm;udk txl;owdxm; &ygrnf?
xdkpum;vHk;rsm;rSmvnf; rSm;ygu t"dy`g,fvGJacsmfoGm;onfhtwGuf rrSm;oifhonfh
trSm;rsm;yifjzpfygonf?
Oyrm - us ESifh cs wGif us onf tvdktavsmufjzpfjcif;udk jyonfh t"dy`g,f
jzpf+yD;/ cs rSm jyKjcif;udk jyonfh t"dy`g,fjzpfonf? xdkuJhodk@yif uGm onf tvdktavsmuf
jzpfjcif;oabmudk jy+yD;/ cGm u jyKjcif;oabm jzpfonf?
xdkodk@aom pum;vHk;rsm;xJrS wcsdK@udk Oyrm jyvdkygonf?
jzpfjcif;jy jyKjcif;jy
uGm cGm
usuf csuf
aºu ac|
yJh zJh
+idrf; +id‡rf;
eyf ESyf

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 11

CE-BM-Final.indd 11 11/8/2007 6:59:36 AM


jzpfjcif;jy jyKjcif;jy
a&G@ a&$@
arsm ar#m
vef vSef
vGwf v$wf
aEG; aE$;
jrKyf jr‡Kyf
vGifh v$ifh
aysmuf azsmuf
yGifh zGifh
jywf jzwf
nyf n‡yf
yG zG
avsmh av#mh

pum;oHtquftpyf/ tjzwft&yf

pum;oHESpfoHudk wqufwpyfwnf; ajymonfhtcg a&S›pum;oH. t&Sdefu


aemufu pum;oHudk v$rf;rdk;wwfygonf?
Oyrm - ‘ykvif;uGJ’[laom pum;vHk;udk ajymonfhtcg a&S@pum;oH ‘ykvif;’.
oHjyif;v$r;f rd;k r_a=umifh aemufu ‘uG’J [laom oHnif;u toHjyif;od@k ajymif;oGm;um ‘yvif;*G’J
[k jzpfoGm;onf? xdkodk@ ajymif;&mwGif oHnif;- oHwif;- oHjyif; oufqdkif&m twGJtzuf
twdkif;om ajymif;onf? atmufazmfjyyg twGJtvdkuf toHajymif;jcif;jzpfonf?

oHnif; oHwif; oHjyif;


u c *
us cs *s
p q Z
w x '
y z b
o oS ( jrefrm toHxGuft& oHjyif; o jzpfonf)

12 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 12 11/8/2007 6:59:36 AM


Oyrm -
upm;p&m - *Zm;Z,m
uwHk; - *'Hk;
uwkef;uwdkuf - *'Hk;*'dkuf
uav; - cav;
ukÉD - uk'D
ukaÉ - *a'
ukodkvf - uko_d
udk,fxl;udk,fc|ef - udk'l;udkc|ef
ukefpHkqdkif - ukefZHkZdkif
ukefonf - ukefoSnf
cg;ydkufaqmifwyf - *Adkufaqmifwyf
cHwGif;ysuf - *'Gif;Asuf
acgif;}uD;ydkif; - a*gif;*sD;Adkif;
aiGa=u; - aiGa*s;
p=u0aw;rif; - pufus0a';rif;
aq;qdkif - aq;Zdkif
quf&uf - Z,uf
qif;wk - qif;'k
aqmif;wGif; - aqmif;'Gif;
q,fck - q,f*k
w&m;yGJ - w,m;bGJ
wdkif;&if;om; - wdkif;,if;oSm;
wnf;cdk - wJcdk
wef;vsm; - wef;,m;
xD;oHk;eef;oHk; - xD;o_H;eef;o_H;
a'ocH - a'o*H
"g;pmcH - "Zm*H
ae@pm; - ae@Zm;
eif;jym; - eif;Asm;
enf;enf; - eJeJ

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 13

CE-BM-Final.indd 13 11/8/2007 6:59:36 AM


yl;aygif; - yl;abmif;
yef;jcH - yef;*sH
yef;yif - yef;bif
jznf;jznf; - ajz;ajz;
AdkvfcsKyf - bdk*sKwf
bdoduf - bdwfodwf
bk&m;yHkawmf - z,m;yHka':
bkef;awmf}uD; - zkef;a':*sD;
bGJ@=udKoifwef; - bGJ@*sdKoif'ef;
rD;owf - rD;oSwf
armfuGef; - armf*Gef;
armfuGef;0if - armf*Gef;0if
rif;wkef; - rif;'kH;
rif;ajrmufwefqm - rif;ajrmuf'Zm
rdef@cGef; - rdef@*Gef;
rsdK;aph - rsdK;aZh
rsdK;quf - rsdK;Zuf
,mawm - ,ma'g
,lusHK;r& - ,l*sKef;r,mh
a&aumif;a&oef@ - a,a*gif;a,oSef@
a&cJqdkif - a,*JZdkif
a&csdef - a,*sdef
a&pufcs - a,Zufcs
&Jwdkuf - ,J'dkuf
&Jom; - ,JoSm;
&efol - ,Hoª
±kyfjrifoH=um; - ,kwfrsifoH*sm;
&Hk;cef; - ,Hk;*ef;
vcpm; - v*ghZm;
vl}uD; - vl+*D;
vlñuH - vl*sHK

14 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 14 11/8/2007 6:59:36 AM


vlawmfvlaumif; - vla': vla*gif;
vlxk - vl'k
avoH - avoSH
vifpHkr,m;zuf - vifZHkr,zuf
v,fuGuf - v,f*Guf
v,fcGef - v,f*GH
vGefqef - vGefZH
vSnfhpm; - vSnfhZm;
0uftlacsmif; - 0uftla*smif;
0ef}uD; - 0ef*sD;
0efxkyf0efydk; - 0ef'kwf0efAdk;
0efxrf; - 0ef'ef;
0rf;a&m*g - 0ef;a,m*g
o=um; - oS*sm;
oajyyef; - oSaAsAef;
ordkif;a=umif; - ordkif;a*smif;
olykef - oSAkH
aowrf;pm - ao'ef;Zm
aor_aocif; - aor_ao*if;
oHo, - oHoS,
om;aumif - om;a*gif
om;ydkufaumif - om;bdkufaumif
oHCmxk - oHCm'k
opfawmxGufypPnf; - opfawm'Guf jypfpnf;
oGm;=u - oGm;*s
oGm;csif - oGm;*sif
[efcsuf - [ef*suf
tysdKpif - tysdKZif
tm%mydkif - tm%mbdkif
tdkpmrif;pm - tdkZmrif;Zm
tif;vsm;vrf; - tif;,m;vef;

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 15

CE-BM-Final.indd 15 11/8/2007 6:59:36 AM


tdrfaxmifonf - tdefa'gifoS,f
tdrfom - tdefoSm
tdrfOD;cef; - tdeftl;*ef;

- qifx
h yfpum;vH;k rsm;udk ajymvsivf nf; a&S@pum;oHrS oHjyif;v$r;f rd;k r_a=umifh 'kw,
d Asn;f .
pum;oHu oHjyif;odk@ ajymif;onf?
Oyrm -
zG,fzG,f&m&m - zG,fbG,f,m,m
aumif;aumif;rGefrGef - aumif;a*gif;rGefrGef
pD;pD;ydkifydkif - pD;ZD;ydkifAdkif
acsacsjrpfjrpf - acsa*srspfrspf
wdkif;&if;om;csif; - wdkif;,if;om;*sif;
wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; - wdik ;f ,if;om;tcsi;f *si;f
,Hk,Hk=unf=unf - ,Hk,Hk=unf*sD
pnfpnfum;um; - pnfZDum;*g;
aysmfyGJ ¶$ifyGJ - aysmfbGJ ¶$ifbGJ
uZm;ckefpm; - *Zm; ckefZm;
bk=unfh=unfh - bk*sd usd

- pum;oHESpfckudk wqufwpyfwnf; &Gwfqdk&mwGif a&S@pum;oHonf toufatmifhoH


jzpfv#ifrl aemufpum;oHu rajymif;vJbJ oHnif;jzifhom xGufonf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh
toufatmifh&aom -uf / -pf/ -wf/ -yf oHwdk@. aemufwGif vdkufaom pum;oHwdk@
rSm toHrajymif;ay?
Oyrm -
pufuGif; - pufuGif;
owfuGif; - owfuGif;
opfqdkif - opfqdkif
tdyfcef; - tdyfcef;
vkyfc - vkyfc

- odk@aomf e*dkrlvu oHnif;rS oHjyif;odk@ ajymif;vJ+yD;jzpfonfh pum;oHjzpfv#ifrl a&S›u

16 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 16 11/8/2007 6:59:36 AM


toufatmifhoHjzpfaomfvnf; aemufpum;oHu oHnif;odk@ rajymif; awmhay?
Oyrm -
0ufacgif; - 0ufa*gif;
qdwfcsdK - qdwf*sdK
taemufaxmifh - taemufa'gifh

- pum;oHESpfoHudk wqufwpyfwnf; &Gwfqdkonfhtcg a&S›o&oHonf =um;o&oH odk@


ajymif;wwfonf?
Oyrm-
pma&; - pa,;
aoewf - oewf
xrif;&nf - xra,
w&m;0if - w,0if
E_wfcrf; - EScrf;
olcdk; - ocdk;
EGm;r - er
ig;ajcmuf - iajcmuf
vufbuf&nf - vzufa,

- pum;oHESpfoH wqufwnf;¶Gwf&mwGif a&S› o&oHu =um; o&oHodk@ ajymif;v#if aemuf


o&oHu oHjyif; (odk@) oHwif; odk@ ajymif;wwfonf?
Oyrm-
0g;uyf - 0*wf
em;usyf - e*swf
ig;pdrf; - iZdef;
eef;rawmf - eef;ra':
pum;0dkif; - Z*0dkif;
w&m;0if - w,0if
w&m;cGif - w,*Gif
jrefrmpm - jrrmZm

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 17

CE-BM-Final.indd 17 11/8/2007 6:59:36 AM


- aemufu Asnf;oH vdkufrajymif;onfh ¹cif;csuf pum;vHk;rsdK;vnf; &Sdonf?

ig;yd - iyd
EGm;odk; - eodk;
ESmacgif; - ESacgif;
oGm;zHk; - ozkef;

- a&S@wGif ‘t’ygaom pum;oHrsm;Y ‘t’onf =um;o&oHuJhodk@ xGuf&ojzifh toHtm;


enf;aoma=umifh aemufu pum;oHukd wpHw
k &m rv$r;f rd;k Edik af y? xd@k a=umifh ‘t’aemufwiG f
pum;oH rajymif;ay?
Oyrm-
tudkif; - tudkif;
tcef; - tcef;
t}uD; - tusD;
tpkwf - tpkwf
tyif - tyif
tzGJ@ - tzGJ@
touf - touf
txdef; - txdef;
tqifh - tqifh
tcsuf - tcsuf
twGJ - twGJ

- a&Sp› um;oHa&m aemufpum;oHyg oHnif;Asn;f rsm;jzpfv#irf l a&S› =um;o&a&m aemufvu


kd f
oHyg / oHjyif;odk@ ajymif;onf?
Oyrm -
pm;yGJ - ZbGJ
urf;yg; - *bm;
ol}uD; - \*sD;
yg;pyf - AZyf
pum;0dkif; - Z*0dkif;

18 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 18 11/8/2007 6:59:36 AM


pum;oH - Z*oH
orm;±dk;us - or,dk;*smh

- tcsKd @aom ‘pum;vH;k wG’J rsm;wGif tv,frS ‘t-o&’oHonf =um;o&oHo@kd ajymif;wwf


onf?
Oyrm-
rdef;r=urf; - rdef;r*sef;
rdef;rxdef; - rdef;r'def;
rdef;uav; - rdef;cav;
wdwfwqdwf - wdwfwqdwf
ajymprSwf - aysmZrSwf
eef;rawmf - eef;ra':
wyfrawmf - wyfra':
vwfwavm - vwfwavm
±kwfw&uf - ,kwfw,uf

- o&oH ajymif;vJr_oabmt& a&S@o& td o&oH rS t o&oH odk@vnf;aumif;/ tH (tef)


o&oH rS t o&oHjyif; od@k vnf;aumif;/ tk o&oHrS t o&oHo@kd vnf;aumif; ajymif;aom
pum;vHk;rsm;vnf; &Sdonf?
Oyrm - td o&oH rS t o&oH odk@
ud&d,m - u&d,m
wd&p>mef - w&dwfqef
edrdwf - erdwf
zdeyf - zeyf
bDvl; - bvl;
0D&d, - 0&d,
od=um;rif; - oS*sm;rif;

tH (tef) o&oH rS t o&oHjyif; odk@


qHyif - ZAif
uefawmh - *a'gh

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 19

CE-BM-Final.indd 19 11/8/2007 6:59:37 AM


wHwm; - ''g;
wHcg; - '*g;
wefcdk; - '*dk;
uefpGef;&Guf - *ZGef;&Guf
=urf;ydk; - *sAdk;
wefqmqif - 'Zmqif
yef;awmif;òr@ - ba'gif;òr@

(tk o&oHrS t o&oHodk@)


ukvm;xdkif - uvm;xdkif
ukvm;tkyf - uvm;tkyf
yk*Hòr@ - b*Hòr@
ykvJykwD; - yvJb'D;
ykodrfòr@ - yodefòr@
ykqdef - yqdef

- pum;oHESpfoHudk t=um;wGif ydkif;jzwf&yfem;r_&Sd+yD; ¶Gwfqdkv#ifrl toH rajymif;ay?


Oyrm -
at;puf - at;puf
=uHhcdkif - =uHhcdkif
jyifqif - jyifqif
wrf;w - wrf;w
xdef;odrf; - xdef;odrf;
pnf;urf; - pnf;urf;
odrf;ydkuf - odrf;ydkuf
o,fxkwf - o,fxkwf
odef;qk - odef;qk
onf;xef - onf;xef
oHk@yef; - oHk@yef;
oHk;oyf - oHk;oyf
jrefrmpmay - jrefrmpmay

20 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 20 11/8/2007 6:59:37 AM


tEkynm - tEkynm
,Ofaus;r_ - ,Ofaus;r_
prf;oyf - prf;oyf
wnfaxmif - wnfaxmif
pkyHk - pkyHk
qHo - qHo
azmfxkwf - azmfxkwf

- arG;pm;pum;vHk;rsm;&Gwfqdk&mwGif rl&if;toHESifh teD;pyfqHk;&Gwfqdk&ojzifh pum;oHrsm;


rajymif;vJoavmufyif jzpfonf?
Oyrm -
*smuif - *smuif
aumfzD - aumfzD
w,fvDzkef; - w,fvDzkef;
ygwD - ygwD
aumifpD - aumifpD
umwGef; - umwGef;
uGefysLwm - uGefysLwm
vefjcm; - vHcsm;
armfawmfum; - armfawmfum;
qdkifu,f - qdkifu,f
ypfpwdk - ypfpwdk
aumfyD - aumfyD

- pum;oHa=umifh t"dy`g,foufa&mufr_/ }ud,m/ emrf ponfwdk@ ajymif;vJonfudkvnf;


awG@&onf?
Oyrm-
tr_xrf; - olonf y&dabm*ukr`%DwckwGif tr_xrf;onf? (}ud,m)
- olonf y&dabm*ukr`%DwckwGif tr_xrf;('ef;) jzpfonf? (emrf)

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 21

CE-BM-Final.indd 21 11/8/2007 6:59:37 AM


oufaocH - w&m;cHudk oufaocH ypPnf;ESifhwuG zrf;rdcJhonf?
(emrf - oufao*H [k toHxGufonf))
- xdktr_twGuf ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;u oufaocH ygonf?
(}ud,m - oufaocH [kom toHxGufonf)

pmwnf; - xdkr*~Zif;wGif olu wm0efcH pmwnf; jzpfonf?


(emrf - pm'D; [k toHxGufonf)
- xdkpmtkyfudk ol pmwnf; cJhjcif;jzpfonf?
(=ud,m - pmwD; [k toHxGufonf)

0gqdk - Ak'<bmombkef;awmf}uD;rsm;onf 0gqdkvwGif c&D;roGm;=u&yg?


(emrf - 0gZdk [k toHxGufonf)
- 0gwGif;umvjzpfojzifhf &efukefòr@wGif 0gqdkae=uonfh oHCmawmfrsm;rSm
e,fodk@ jyef&ef tcuftcJñuH=u&onf?
(=ud,m - 0gqdk [kom toHxGufonf)

acgif;yHjk zwf - ppftpd;k &onf jynfov l xl .


k b¾mudk ‚wd@k ud, k u
f sKd ;twGuf
oHk;pGJaeaom acgif;yHkjzwf rsm;yifjzpfonf?‘
(emrf - a*gif;AHkAswf [k toHxGufonf)
- jrefrmoH&;kH onf ud,k hf Edik if o
H m;. ac|;enf;pmudk acgif;yHjk zwf tjrwfxw k o
f nfh
ae&mwGif xif&Sm;onf?
(=ud,m- ‘a*gif;yHkzswf’[k toHxGufonf)

toHvi$ rhf 'D ,


D mrsm;Y Armwdik ;f &if;om; r[kwo
f nfh tjcm;aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d
rsm;u ‚wd@k . rdcifbmompum; r[kwaf om jrefrmbmompum;jzifh owif;a=unm&mwGif
pH toHxGuftjzpf yDoatmif rxGufEdkifonfh jy\em &Sdygonf?
rsm;aomtm;jzifh awmifay:a'oae wdik ;f &if;om;wd@k rSm ‘w’ESihf ‘o’/ ‘p’ESi’hf q’/
‘cs’ ESifh ‘&S’toHrsm;udk yDoatmif uGJuGJjym;jym; rxGufEdkifjcif;/ xdk@twl jrefrmjynf
txufydkif; a'owGifaexdkifaom jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;. a'od,oHa=umifh ‘-Gef’ ESifh ‘-Gif’ oH
ruGJjcif; (Oyrm- a&wGif;-a&wGef;/ 7 ck-cGifeck)/ ‘w’ ESifh’o’oH ruGJjcif;rsm;&Sdaeygonf?
xdkpum;oHrsm;udk Tpmwrf;wGif tao;pdwf raqG;aEG;awmhyg? pum;vHk;.

22 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 22 11/8/2007 6:59:37 AM


qdv
k &kd if; t"dyg` ,u
f kd xdcu
kd af pavmufonfh pum;oH ryDor_w@kd udo k m OD;pm;ay; wifjyxm;
ygonf?
,ae@ toHvi$ rhf 'D , D mrsm;wGif awG@&avh&adS om trsm;pk rSm;avh&adS eaom toH
xGufrSm; tcsKd@udk vufvSrf;rDoa&G@ wifjyygrnf?

pmvHk;aygif; toHtrSef toHtrSm;

uav;òr@ uav;òr@ cav;òr@


uav;oli,f cav;oi,f uav;oli,f
umuG,f um*G,f umuG,f
udk,fusdK;&Sm udk,f*sdK;&Sm udk,fusdK;&Sm
a=umuf&G@H a=umuf,Gef@ a=umuf,$ef@
acgif;yHkjzwf acgif;bHkzswf acgif;yHkzswf
jidrf;csrf;a&; ndef;*sef;a,; ndef;csrf;a,;
pum;}uD; pum;us,f Z**sD; Z**s,f Z*usD; Z*us,f
pum;jyef Z*Asef Z*ysef
pum;0dkif; Z*0dkif; Z*g;0dkif;
pmwnf; pm'D; pm'J
pHjy pefAs pefys
qkawmif;yGJ qkawmif;bGJ qkawmif;yGJ
qif;&JwGif; qif;,J'Gif; qif;,JwGif;
(qif;,J'Gef;- a'ooH)
wqifhcH wqifh*H 'Zifh*H
w&m;0if w,0if w,m;0if
xlaxmif xla'gif xlaxmif
xlxyf xl'yf xlxwf
'gayrJh 'gaArJh 'gaAeJ@
aeomxdkifom aeoSmxdkifoSm aeomxdkifom
aemufqHk;ydwf aemufqHk;bdwf aemufqHk;ydwf
EdkifiH EdkifiH Edkif*H
EdkifiHawmf EdkifiHa': Edkif*Ha':

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 23

CE-BM-Final.indd 23 11/8/2007 6:59:37 AM


enf;enf;pD eJeJZD eJeJ pD
AdkvfcsKyf bdk*sKwf bdkcsKwf
jrefrmpmay jrrm pmay jrrm Zmay
vufatmufi,fom; vufatmufi,foSm; vufatmufi,fom;
vGrf;ol@yef;acG vGrf;oª@yef;a*G vGrf;ol@yef;acG
0goem 0goSem 0goem
0dkif;0ef; 0dkif;0ef; 0dkif;0if;
0efcH 0efcH 0ifcH
0ef}uD;csKyf 0ef*sD;*sKwf 0if*sD;csKwf
0efxrf; 0ef'ef; 0ifxef;
oabmxm; oabm'g; oabmxm;
omrefumv#efum orH*g ,SH*g orHum,SHum
om;axmuforD;cH om;a'guforD;*H om;axmuforD;cH
olcdk;usifholcdk;=uH ocdk;*sifh ocdk;*sH ocdk;usifh ocdk;usH
aocef;&Sifcef;jywf ao*ef;,Sif*ef;Aswf aocef;,Sifcef;yswf
aoajy;&Sifajy; aoaAs; ,SifaAs; aoays; ,Sifays;
oHcsyfumum; oH*swfumum; oHcsyfumum;
oHql;=udK; oHql;*sdK; oHpl;usdK;
oHo, oHoS, oHo,
o=uFef oif;*sH o*sH
odk@ayrJhvdk@ odk@aArJhvdk@ Edk@aArJhvdk@
odk@r[kwf&if odk@r[kwf,if Edk@r[kwf,if
oufaocH oufao*H oufaocH
tzrf;qD;cH tzrf;ZD;*H tzrf;qD;cH
tbdk;tbGm; tzdk;tzGm; tbdk;tbGm;
trdef@pm trdef@Zm trdef@pm
toHzrf;puf toHzrf;Zuf toHbrf;Zuf
at;csrf;om,ma&; at;*sef;om,ma,; at;csef;om,ma,;
88 rsdK;quf 88rsdK;Zuf 88 rsdK;quf

24 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 24 11/8/2007 6:59:37 AM


jrefrmrD',
D mrsm;wGif pum;oHyaD &;udk ta&;t&mvkyI f ajym&onfrmS trsm;oH;k
bmompum;udk trsm;em;vnfEdkifonfh pHESifhudkufnDrS ydkI xda&muf toHk;0ifaoma=umifh
yif jzpfygonf?
xdk@a=umifh trsm;tm;jzifh vGJrSm;wwf+yD;/ qdkvdk&if;t"dy`g,fudkvnf; xdcdkuf
apEdik af om trSm;rsm;udok m aqG;aEG;wifjyxm;ygonf? xd@k jyif +y;D jynfph akH om pmwef;wapmif
vnf; r[kwfbJ owdjyKEdkif±Hkr#udkom &nf&G,fygonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 25

CE-BM-Final.indd 25 11/8/2007 6:59:37 AM


tcef; (3)
pum;aygif;owfyHk trSm;
jrefrmrD'D,mrsm;wGif &ifqdkifae&aom jy\emrSm pmvHk;aygif;owfyHkjy\em
jzpfonf? wcsKd@t,ltqrsm;t& ‘pmvHk;aygif; b,fvdkaygif;aygif; zwfwJhol em;vnf&if
+yD;wmyJ’ [k vGJrSm;pGm wkH@jyefajymqdkjcif;rsdK;yif &Sdaeygonf? pifppfwGif bmompmaywrsKd;.
pHt& owfyHko'Ng rSefuefjcif;u xdkbmompmay. wefzdk;yif jzpfygonf?
xdk@jyif aemufxyfta&;}uD;onfrSm pmvHk;aygif;owfyHkrSm;jcif;a=umifh qdkvdk&if;
t"dy`g,f vGJrSm;oGm;apaom jy\emyifjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh pmvHk;aygif;owfyHk u¾
ta&;ygyHkudk om"ursm;ESifh &Sif;vif; wifjyoGm;ygrnf?

owfyHkrSm;onfESifh t"dy`g,f vGJoGm;onfh pum;vHk;rsm;


atmufazmfjyyg pum;vHk;rsm;onf trsm;pk rSm;avh&Sdaom pmvHk;aygif;
owfyHkrsm; jzpfygonf?

aygif;qHk - aygif;pHk
aygif;qHk rSm wae&mowfrSwf+yD;/ aygif;pkawG@qHkaom t"dy`g,fjzpf+yD;/ aygif;pHk u
awmh trsKd;rsKd;aomt&mrsm; pkHvifpkaygif;jcif; jzpfonf?

±_wfcs - ±_H@cs
±_wfcs u tjypfwifonfh t"dy`g,f jzpfonf? trsm;rSm;oHk;avh&Sdaom ±_H@cs rSm
t"dy`g,f txl; r&Sday? xdk@a=umifh ±_wfcs’ uom trSefjzpfonf?

ynmwwf - ynmwuf
azmfjyyg -wf ESihf -uftrSm;udv
k nf; trsm;tjym; awG@&onf? pifppf ynmwwf
qdo
k nfu ynmudk wwfajrmufjcif;oabm jzpf+y;D / ynmwuf qdo k nfu ynmwckukd tqifh
wcko@kd wufjcif; oabmrsKd ;om jzpfI t"dyg` ,t
f m;jzifh vH;k 0 rwlaoma=umifh rrSm;oifah om
pmvHk;aygif;yif jzpfygonf?
xdkuJhodk@yif -
wwfajrmuf - wufajrmuf
csDwuf - csDwwf
oufqdkif - owfqdkif

26 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 26 11/8/2007 6:59:37 AM


ajymvsuf qdkvsuf - ajymv#uf qdkv#uf
vsuf udk toHxu G t
f & -#uf ESihf rSm;,Gi;f a&;rdjcif; jzpfonf? pmvH;k aygi;f trSerf mS
ajymvsuf qdkvsuf jzpfonf?
-# rygaom pmvHk;rsm;rSm -
tvsif tjref
tvsOfrjywf
vsufqm;

-# ygaom pmvHk;rsm;rSm -
oGm;v#if a&mufrnf
vrf;av#muf
a&v#H

vspfvsL±_ - vpfvsL±_
trsm;qH;k rSm;wwfonfh pmvH;k aygi;f jzpfonf? toHxu G t f & pmvH;k aygi;f =uaom
a=umifh vpfvsL±_[k rSm;aygi;f ae=ujcif;jzpfonf? pmvH;k aygi;f trSerf mS vspvf sL±_ jzpfonf?

olcsnf; - ol}uD;
vltrsm;pkrSm;wwfaom pmvHk;aygif;yif jzpfygonf? csnf; .t"dy`g,frSm tjcm;
rnfolr#ryg/ olwdk@omyg0ifonf[laom t"dy`g,fjzpf+yD; }uD; rSmrl ri,faomt"dy`g,fjzpfI
pmvHk;aygif;rSm;onfESifh rl&if;t"dy`g,f vGJacsmfoGm;apygonf?
Oyrm -
- 'DudpPudk =uHhzGH@awG}uD; udkifwG,fajz&Sif;aewm jzpfygw,f? (rSm;)
- 'DudpPudk =uHhzGH@awGcsnf; udkifwG,fajz&Sif;aewm jzpfygw,f? (rSef)
- jy\emrSefor#udk OuUÏ}uD; wm0ef,lajz&Sif;ae&ygw,f? (rSm;)
- jy\emrSefor#udk OuUÏcsnf; wm0ef,lajz&Sif;ae&ygw,f? (rSef)

rnfolr# - rnfolrS
xdkpmvHk;aygif;onfvnf; rSm;avhrSm;x&Sdaom pmvHk;aygif; jzpfonf?
rsm;aomtm;jzifh rnfolrS [k toHxGuftwdkif; a&;ae=uonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 27

CE-BM-Final.indd 27 11/8/2007 6:59:37 AM


- rnfolr# r0if&?
- rnfolr# jzwfoef;oGm;vmcGifh rjyK?

urBmra=u - urBmraus
‘urBmra=uæ Armajy(jynf)æ 'dk@bdk;bGm;tarGESpfrdk@ cspfjrwfEdk;ay’ [laom
oDcsif;pmom;Yygonfh urBmra=u onf a=urG/ a=uysuf [lonfh t"dy`g,fjzpf+yD; urBm}uD;
ra=uysufEdkifovdk Armonfvnf; urBmwnfoa&G@wnffjrJrnf/ ra=uysufEdkif[k wifpm;zGJ@
qdkjcif;jzpfonf? aus rSmrl ausaysmuf [laom t"dy`g,fjzpfonf?
xdk@a=umifh urBmra=u twGuf a&;xHk;owfyHk trSefrSm a=u jzpfonf? urBmyif
a=uysufaomfvnf; urŠnf;O'gef; url rausaysmufap&æ [laom t"dy`g,fjzpfonf?
‘urBmra=ubl;/ igwdk@aoG;eJ@ a&;cJh=uwJh armfuGef;aw;’ wGifvnf; t"dy`g,f
woabmwnf;yif jzpfygonf? ‘urBm}u;D ra=uysuEf ifkd of uJo h @kd jynforl sm;. aoG;ESiahf &;cJah om
armfueG ;f aw;onfvnf; ra=uysuEf ikd f ’ [laom t"dyg` ,yf ifjzpfonf?

xdkuJhodk@ rSm;wwfonfh/ rSm;avh&Sdonfh pum;vHk;tcsKd@udk wifjyygrnf?


pmvHk;aygif;trSm; - pmvHk;aygif; trSef
avsmhcs - av#mhcs
wmql - wmpl
tn‡dK; - tòi;
wkef@jyef - wkH@jyef
emusOf; - emusnf;
&yfqJ - &yfpJ
oGm;aepJ - oGm;aeqJ
pm;&dwf - p&dwf
ae@vnf - ae@v,f
pHepf - pepf
qifEJG - qifE$J
0ifcH - 0efcH
0dkif;0if; - 0dkif;0ef;
jzef@csD - jzef@csd
ESdrfESif; - ESdrfeif;

28 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 28 11/8/2007 6:59:38 AM


v$ifhjypf - v$ifhypf
uspfvpf - uspfvspf
ygXd / ygÏd - ygVd
oI - oa&G@
a=umuf&$H@ - a=umuf&GH@
aºu;arG; - au|;arG;
aqmifhqdkif;/ apmifhpdkif; - apmifhqdkif;
xdkifaqmifh - xdkifapmifh
wckjcif; - wckcsif;
vnfqif;cH - vnfpif;cH
&iftkwfruGm - &iftkyfruGm
vufqkwf vufudkif - vufqkyfvufudkif
pGJudkif jyEdkifzdk@ - qGJudkifjyEdkifzdk@
vufeufpGJudkif - vufeufqGJudkif
vm'fay;vm'f,l - vmbfay; vmbf,l
y&dwfowf / y&dom'f - y&dowf
t}udwfte,f - tusdwfte,f
tcJra=u - tcJraus
nm%f&nf/ n%f&nf - ^m%f&nf (Om%f&nf)
tusOf;wef - tusnf;wef
wif;wdefa=ueyf - wif;wdrfauseyf
wa,mufxJ - wa,mufwnf;
ta&mifaqmif - ta,mifaqmif
csufjcif;vGwf - csufcsif;v$wf
urBmwv$m; ESifh urBmw0Srf; a&m+yD; urBmwvGrf; [k ajymjcif;rsKd;?

toHxGuftwdkif;a&;aom trSm;
tkyfxkyf - OD;xkyf
at;'dtay:rSm - tJ'Dtay:rSm
at;ovdk - tJovdk

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 29

CE-BM-Final.indd 29 11/8/2007 6:59:38 AM


wpf jy\em
jrefrmjynfwGif;rS pmvHk;aygif;owfyHk owfrSwfcsuft& wpfudk ta&twGuf
*%ef; wpf (1) tjzpf oHk;&rnfjzpfonf?
Oyrm- wpfck/ wpfaumif/ wpfa,muf/ wpfEdkifiH/ wpfa'o
ta&twGuf r[kwfaom w toHk;Y wpf roHk;&yg?
Oyrm- wrifwum / wcgwav/ wcgw&H/ wrk[w k cf si;f / wrsK;d wzH/k w&Ha&mtcg/
waoGrwdrf;/ wav;wpm;/ w±dkwao/ waqG;waEG;?
odk@aomf ‘wpf’ oHk;&rnfhae&mwGif ‘w’ oHk;jcif;u rrSm;Edkifaoma=umifh ‘w’udkom tvG,f
wul toHk;jyKoifhygonf?

us - =u
- we*FaEGae@=u rS xyfrHawG@qHkrSm jzpfygw,f? (rSm;)
- we*FaEGae@us rS xyfrHawG@qHkrSm jzpfygw,f? (rSef)
- awG@aeus ae&mrSm csdef;qdkxm;ygw,f?
- 'Dae&mrSm tm;vHk; qHk=uzdk@ csdef;qdkxm;ygw,f?
- t&m&St
d qifrh sm; tpnf;ta0;usi;f yaeusjzpfaom cef;r (1) wGif toifah e&m
,lxm;=u&efjzpfonf?

rJh - r,fh
rJh . t"dy`g,frSm r&Sd/ r[kwf/ uif;rJh [laom tjiif; t"dy`g,fjzpfonf?
xd@k a=umifh tjiif;oH;k pum;vH;k jzpfonfh 'gayrJh udk rJh jzifh pmvH;k aygi;f &jcif; jzpfonf?
Oyrm -
- usaemf eufjzefus&if vmcJhyghr,f? 'gayrJh rvmjzpf&if zkef;qufvdkufyghr,f?
- usaemf aeraumif;ayrJh a&mufatmif vmyghr,f?
- usr EdkifiHa&;vkyfcsifygw,f? 'gayrJh tzrf;cH&rSmudk a=umufygw,f?

r,fh . t"dy`g,frSmrl pm-pum;ajywGif oHk;onfh rnfh yifjzpfonf? tem*wf


jy pum;oHk;jzpfonf? jyKvkyfrnf[k t"dy`g,faqmifojzifh tjiif;jy ‘rJh’ ESifh qef@
usifbufjzpfonf?
Oyrm -
- olvmr,fh ta=umif; ajymxm;ay;yg?

30 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 30 11/8/2007 6:59:38 AM


- rpPwm*efbm&D[m vmr,fh &ufowWywftwGi;f rSm jrefrmEdik if u H kd oGm;a&muf
rSm jzpfygw,f?
- aemufwae&mudk a&$@ajymif;awmhr,fq h q
J rJ mS tzrf;cHvu
kd &f wm jzpfygw,f?
- olwdk@ jyKvkyfr,fh axmufcH}udKqdkyGJu twkta,mifom jzpfygw,f?

-g tydk
ywfouf udk ygwfouf/ ywf0ef;usif udk ygwf0ef;usif [k ta&;rsm;=uonf?
jrefrmpmvH;k aygi;f xH;k t& ygwf [lonfh aygi;f xH;k r&Syd g? ywf [lonfrmS wywfvnf+y;D jyefvnf
qduk af &mufonf[o l nfh t"dyg` ,jf zpfonf? xd@k a=umifh ywf0ef;usif/ ywfouf/ ywfywfvnf
[laom pmvHk;aygif;om trSefjzpfonf?
tem*wfonfvnf; xdkenf;wlyif? vHk;csif;Asnf;udk -g xnfhaygif;jcif;onf ygVd
aygif;xHk;omjzpf+yD; jrefrmpmaygif;xHk;Yr&Sdyg? xdk@a=umifh tem*gwf r[kwf? tem*wf om
trSef jzpfonf?

vJ - vnf; toHk;
‘b,fvdkpDpOf=urvJ qdkwmudkvnf; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;=u&rSm jzpfygw,f’
[laom0gusrsKd;udk ‘b,fvdkpDpOf=urvnf;’ [krSm;a&;=uonfudk trsm;tjym;awG@&onf?
ar;cGe;f oabmtoH;k u vJ jzpf+y;D ‘xd@k twl’ [k t"dyg` ,o
f ufa&mufonfh ae&m
rSmrl vnf; udk oHk;&rnfjzpfonf? tjiif;pum; odk@aomf . aemufqufudk vnf; [kom
pmvHk;aygif;I odk@aomfvnf; u trSefjzpfonf?
acsmfvJ a&mxdkif / tvJtuGJ / vJrd_@yif/
ajcmufjypfuif; oJvnf;pif/
rkqdk;vnf; om;aumif/ om;aumifvnf; rkqdk;
ol tEdkif&.? odk@aomfvnf; r0gºuGm;?
ol tEdkif&aomfvnf; r0gºuGm;?
“ar;cGef;udkvJ/ acsmfumvJ æ olvnf;/ igvnf;/ odk@aomfvnf;”

vnf;aumif; eJ@ ‚
vnf;aumif; udk ‘jzpfap’ [laom oabmESifh twlwlyif oHk;ygonf?
- &efukefòr@rS rEœav;òr@odk@ um;ESifh vnf;aumif;/ &xm;ESifh vnf;aumif;/
av,mOfysHESifh vnf;aumif; oGm;Edkifygonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 31

CE-BM-Final.indd 31 11/8/2007 6:59:38 AM


‚ udkawmh t!¸ef;pum;vHk;tjzpfom toHk;jyKygonf?
‘jrefrmEdik if tH a&;twGuf rpPwm*efbm&Du tm&Sa'otwGi;f &Sd acgi;f aqmif rsm;ESihf
vSnv hf nfawG@qHrk nfjzpfonf? ‚. tm&SwiG ;f c&D;pOfrsm;+y;D qH;k onfah emufwiG f
jrefrmEdik if oH @kd oGm;a&mufrnf jzpfonf’
‘tcsut f vufreS rf sm;&&S&d ef ordik ;f qdik &f mpmtkyrf sm; &SmazGzwf¶&_ rnf jzpfonf?
‚pmtkyfrsm;udk A[dkpm=unfhwdkufY &Edkifonf?

yJ / bJ
yJ udk twlw l /l pifppf/ om [lonfth "dyg` ,rf sK;d ESihf oH;k onf? yif [laomtoH;k udk
pmpum;ajywGif oHk;+yD; pum;ajymwGifrl yJ udkoHk;onf[k qdkEdkifygonf? Oyrm-
- olvnf; usaemfhvdk ausmif;om;ygyJ?
- q&mvnf;yJ 'DyGJudk wufygw,f?
- 'DvdkyJ pGef@v$wftepfemcH=u&ygw,f?
- wdkif;jynfpnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk a':atmifqef;pk=unfyJ vkyfEdkifwmyg?
- ppftpdk;&uyJ(om) tvHk;pHk ysufokOf;a&;udk OD;wnfaewmyg?

bJ udkrl jiif;qefaom ‘r[kwf’ 0gusrsm;wGifoHk;onf? bJ udk oHk;vsif a&S›wGif


tjiif;jy pum;vHk; r ESifhwGJI r - bJ ykHpHjzifh oHk;&ygonf? Oyrm -
- ppftpdk;&onf trSefudk 0efrcHbJ vdrfnmaeus jzpfonf?
- ravhvmbJ ajymygu rSm;wwfonf?
- raocsmbJ rpGyfpGJoifhyg?

zl; - bl;
zl; udk =uHKawG@ jzpfysufcJhzl;onf [laom teufjzifh oHk;onf? Oyrm -
- xdkqdkifwGif xrif;pm;zl;onf?
- usKdufxD;±dk;apwDudk zl; zl;onf?
- xdkif;EdkifiHwGif tvkyfvkyfzl;onf?
- ol@udk wcgr# rawG@zl;bl;vdk@ xifw,f?

bl; udk jiif;y,fjcif;jy ‘r’ ESifhwGJI oHk;onf? tjiif;pum;. tqHk;owf ‘ypPnf;


pum;vHk;’ jzpfonf?

32 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 32 11/8/2007 6:59:38 AM


Oyrm-
- ol tpdk;&tvkyf rvkyfbl;?
- 'Dwm0efudk ol rauscJhbl;?
- 'Dppftpdk;&udk raxmufcHygbl;?
- ol vkyfaewmawGu rrSefuefbl;?

zuf - buf
zuf udk -
(1) twlwuG wnf&Sdjcif; oabm t"dy`g,fESifh oHk;onf?
- tazmftzuf (vkyfazmfudkifzuf/ oGm;azmfvmzuf)/ wGJzuf/ pHkzuf/ =uifzuf/
aygif;zuf/ vdkufzuf
(2) ocsFm udef;*%ef;rsm;ESifhwGJvsifvnf; zuf udk oHk;onf?
vufESpfzuf/ oHk;zufjrif/ tem;ig;zuf&Sdaom yOP*H/ ESpfOD;ESpfzuf

buf udk -
(1) t&yfrsufESm/ tcsdef ae&mudk azmfjy&mwGif oHk;onf?
- ta&S›buf/ taemufbuf/ awmifbuf/ ajrmufbuf
- urf;em;bufrmS / aps;a&Sb › ufrmS / awmbufrmS / b,fbuf/ nmbuf/ aebuf/
nbuf/
(2) ol/ ig/ usm;/ r ESifh wGJvsifvnf; buf udk oHk;onf?
tazhbuf/ ol@buf udk,fhbuf/ q&mhbuf/ tpdk;&buf
(3) tp pmvHk;rsm;wGif buf [k aygif;onf?
- bufpHk/ bufwl/ bufrvdkuf/ bufawmfom;/ bufuef

rD - rSD
rD [lonfh toH;k onf ‘rd’ ESih f teufwyl if jzpfonf? zrf;rd/ &rdonfh oabmyif jzpf.?
Oyrm - ‘bwfpu f m;udk rDvu
kd o
f nf’ [laom t"dyg` ,o f nf bwfpu f m;udk t& trdjzpfonfh
oabmyif?
xdk@a=umifh rD udk trD vdkuf/ tcsdefrD/ tvsOfrD/ pHcsdefrD/ acwfrD [lonfh t&trd
vdkufaom oabmjzifh oHk;onf?
rD udk wcgw&H ‘r’ ESifhvnf; wGJoHk;onf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 33

CE-BM-Final.indd 33 11/8/2007 6:59:38 AM


Oyrm - r=umrD/ rpm;rD/ ra&mufrD/ rajymrD/ rvmrD?

rSD udk - t&m0wˆKwckckESifh xdrdatmifjyKonfh oabmY oHk;onf?


Oyrm - eH&HwGif ausmudkxdatmifuyfonfudk ausmrSDonf [k oHk;jcif;rsdK;
jzpfonf?
tm;udk; tm;xm;jyKonfh / udk;um;onfh oabmrsm;wGifvnf; rSD udk oHk;onf?
Oyrm - rSDcdkonf/ rSDjirf;onf/ rSD0Jonf/ rSDcdk&m/ trSDjyK?

xdk@jyif X ESifh Ï uGJjym;r_udkvnf; owdxm;oifhygonf? X udk Xme Xmae uJhodk@ vHk;csif;oHk;


rsm;wGif oHk;+yD; Ï udkrl towftjzpf oHk;onf?
Oyrm - OuUÏu XmecsKyfwGif ±Hk;xdkifonf?
,if;wGif ‘OufuXfX’ [laom aygif;xHk;udk waygif;wnf; a&;jcif;jzpfI Ï udk oHk;&rnf?

a& - &nf
a& udk aomufa&/ oHk;a&/ uefa&/ qnfajrmif;a& ponfjzifh oHk;onf?
xdk@jyif ta&twGuf/ a&wGufonf wdk@udkvnf; a& [kom pmvHk;aygif;onf?
&nf udkrl t&nf ESifh ywfouf+yD; oHk;onf? oHyk&m&nf/ azsmf&nf/ aq;&nf/
rsuf&nf/ ESm&nf/ [if;&nf/ aoG;&nf/ za,mif;&nf/ t&nf=unf ponfjzifhoHk;onf? xdk@jyif
t&nftcsif; / t&nftaoG; wdk@udkvnf; &nf jzifhom pmvHk;aygif;onf?

I / a&G@
I udk yk'fpkESpfck/ 0gusESpfa=umif;wdk@udk qufpyfay;aom yk'fqufpum;vHk; orŠE<
tjzpf oHk;onf? ta&;pum;ajywGif toHk;rsm;onf?
Oyrm -
- arwWmydk@ vrf;av#muf&mwGif yg0ifcJhI tzrf;qD;cHcJh&jcif;jzpfonf?
- vlqdk;udk &Juzrf;I pcef;odk@ ac:aqmifoGm;onf?
- olajymI em;axmifae&onf?
- xdktr_ESifh ywfoufI oufaotjzpf qifhac:jcif;jzpfonf?

a&G@ udk pOfwGif [laomt"dy`g,fjzifhoHk;onf? ,if;wGif I udk roHk;&yg?


Oyrm -

34 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 34 11/8/2007 6:59:38 AM


- pkaqmif;&oa&G@owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk wifjyxm;ygonf?
- tJ'Dtvkyfudk vkyfaeao;oa&G@awmh tcuftcJawG &ifqdkifae&OD;rSmygyJ?
- raoao;oa&G@ quf+yD; wdkufyGJ0ifaerSmyg?
- ckvdk tcsdefrsKd;rSm wwfEdkifoa&G@ óu;pm;ae=uzdk@ vdkygw,f?
- vlr_a&;vkyfief;awGtwGuf vdktyfoa&G@udk ulnDjznfhqnf;ay;oGm;r,fvdk@
ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f??

Y / E_duf
Y udk ae&mjyyk'ftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ tcsdefjyyk'ftjzpfvnf;aumif; oHk;ygonf?
ta&; pum;ajywGifom oHk;onf? Oyrm -
- &efukefòr@ a&$wd*Hkbk&m;ajcawmf&if;Y jzpfyGm;cJhaom
- eHeuf 9 em&DY usif;yrnfjzpfonf?
- aetdrfY 0ifa&muf&SmazGcJhonf?
E_duf onf E_duf,lonf/ E_dufxkwfonf [laom t"dy`g,fjzpfonf? Ed_ufEd_uf
c|wcf |wf (aoaocsmcsm ESit hf "dyg` ,w
f )l / E_u
d Ef u
_d Ef EJS JS (eufeufeeJ J ESihf t"dyg` ,w
f )l [lIvnf;
}ud,m0daooe toHk; &Sdonf? Oyrm -
- uav;wpk ykpGefvHk; Ed_ufae=uonf?
- cg;ydkufEd_ufudk &Jpcef;ydk@vdkufonf?
- ydkufqHudk tdwfxJrSm E_duf,lyg?
- odvdkor#udk Ed_ufxkwf ar;jref;EdkifcJhonf?
- v#Kd@0Sufxm;or#udk Ed_uf,l azmfxkwfEdkifcJhonf?
- xdkjy\emESifh ywfoufI Edd_ufEd_ufc|wfc|wf ar;jref;xm;&ef vdkonf?
- oufqdkif&mynm&yfudk Edd_ufEd_ufESJESJ odoljzpfrSom ynm&Sif[k owfrSwf&rnf
jzpfonf?

,ckpak qmif;wifjycJoh nfh owdjyKz,


G f rSm;avhrmS ;x&Sad om pmvH;k aygi;f owfyrkH sm;
rSm vufvSrf;rDor#udkom wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk awG@&Sdyg
u a0zeft=uHjyK jznfhpGufay;=uapvdkygonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 35

CE-BM-Final.indd 35 11/8/2007 6:59:39 AM


tcef; (4)
o'Ng trSm;
rnfonfb h mompum;rqdk o'Ngtay: tajccHIom wnfaqmuf zG@J pyfxm;jcif;
jzpfonf? jrefrmpmtqdkt& ‘o'Ngrwwf pmrwwf’[kyif qdkavh&Sdygonf?
rD'D,morm;rsm;taeESifhrSmrl jrefrmpmwwfjcif; rwwfjcif;xuf rdrdajymqdk
a&;om;onfh ta=umif;t&m tzGJ@tEGJ@/ owif;tcsuftvufwdk@udk zwfol em;axmifol
trsm;u tvG,fwul em;vnfoabmaygufatmif wifjyEdkif&ef ydkrdkta&;}uD;ygonf?
xdtk cgwiG rf l rdrw
d ifjyaom pmESihf pum;wd@k ajyjypf&iS ;f vif;&ef/ t"dyg` ,f oabm
oGm;rSefuef&ef/ bmompum;*k%f&nfESifh jynfhpHk&efwdk@twGuf o'Ngoabmudkem;vnfa&;/
o'NgrSefuefa&;wdk@ ta&;ygvmygonf?
tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf o'Ng[kac:onfh pum;vHk;zGJ@xHk;/ yk'fzGJ@xHk;/ 0guszGJ@xHk;/
yk'fae&mtxm;todkrsm; rSefuefygrS/ ae&mwus&SdygrS/ teuft"dy`g,fwdus+yD; qdkvdk&if;udk
a&mufaoma=umifh jzpfonf?
tu,fI o'Ngpum;vH;k tok;H tE_e;f rsm; vGrJ mS ;aeygv#if teuft"dyg` ,f axGjym;
wwf+yD; vdk&if;ra&mufbJ &Sdwwfygonf? xdk@a=umifhyif o'NgtoHk;tE_ef;udk *±kpdkuf&jcif;
jzpfonf?
txl;ojzifh Tpmtkyfyg o'Ngydkif;wGif ,ae@ pm-e,f-Zif;ESifh a&'D,dktoHv$ifh
tpDtpOfrsm;Y rSm;avh&Sdaom/ rSm;wwfaom/ trSm;trSef roJuGJaom toHk;rSm;rsm;udk
avhvmpkaqmif;+yD; wifjyaqG;aEG;xm;ygonf?

tajympum;ajy/ ta&;pum;ajy
owif;orm;rsm;onf tajympum;ajyudkoHk;rnfavm/ ta&;pum;ajy oHk;rnf
avmqdkonfudk qHk;jzwfI aoaocsmcsma&;om;ajymqdk=u&ef vdkygonf? pum;ajyESpfrsKd;udk
a&maESma&;jcif;a=umifh t"dy`g,f±_yfaxG;aponf? txl;ojzifh toHv$ifhrD'D,mwGifqdkv#if
xdkodk@aomtrSm;u ydkrdkodomapygonf?
Oyrm (1) -
- vufvSrf;rDoavmufom xkwfjyefEdkifao;jcif; jzpfygw,f?
azmfjyyg 0gusudk Todk@jyifEdkifonf?
- vufvSrf;rDoavmufyJ xkwfjyefEdkifygao;w,f?
- vufvSrf;rDoavmufom xkwfjyefEdkifao;wmjzpfygw,f?

36 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 36 11/8/2007 6:59:39 AM


Oyrm (2) -
- qufvufI vkyfudkifoGm;rnfyJ jzpfygw,f?
trSefrSm
- qufvufI vkyfudkifoGm;rnfom jzpfonf?
- qufvuf+yD;awmh vkyfudkifoGm;rSmyJ jzpfygw,f?
[kom ajym&rnfjzpfonf?

udk - tm; toHk;rSm;


txl;ojzifh ,ckacwfwGif udk tpm; tm; udkcsnf; rSm;,Gif; oHk;pGJae=uonf
udkvnf; awG@&onf?

udk toHk;udk tjyKcH&ol (uH) . aemufquftjzpf oHk;&ygonf?


Oyrm-
- o&ufyifudk tbdk;pdkufcJhonf?
- omoema&;0ef}uD;tjzpf OD;jrifharmifudk cef@tyfonf?
- acG;udk ±dkufonf?
- avSudk avSmfonf?

vufcHoludk azmfjyv#if tm; udk oHk;onf?


Oyrm-
- wdkifuyfem&Dudk q&mr}uD;tm; ay;tyfvª'gef;onf?
- wd&p>meftm; au|;arG;jyKpkjcif;onf }uD;pGmaomukodkvfjzpf.?
- &wemoHk;yg;tm; &nfpl;vª'gef;yg?

rS - u toHk;
rD'D,mrsm;wGif rS ESifh u udkvnf; rSm;,Gif;oHk;aeonfudk }udrfzefrsm;pGm awG@&
ygonf?
rS toHk;udk ta&;Yom toHk;rsm;+yD; xGufcGm&mjyyk'ftjzpf oHk;onf?
Oyrm -
- rEœav; rS &xm;jzifh vmcJhonf?
- pmoifcef; rS xGufcJhonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 37

CE-BM-Final.indd 37 11/8/2007 6:59:39 AM


- jrefrmjynf rS 1988 ckESpfuwnf;u xGufcJhjcif;jzpfonf?

u toHk;udk ta&;wGifa&m tajymwGifyg oHk;onf?


xGufcGm&mudk !¸ef;&mY oHk;onf?
Oyrm-
- b,fu vmovJ?
- òr@u vmygw,f?
- &efukefuae av,mOfeJ@ vmcJhwmyg?

jyKol/ ajymol/ jzpfol/ &Sdol udk &nf!¸ef;v#ifvnf; u udk oHk;onf?
Oyrm -
- armifarmif u nDnDhudk ±dkufwmyg?
- ausmif;rwufcsifbl;[k eDeDu ajymonf?
- 0g0g u armfvòrifrSm &Sdaewmyg?
- jrefrmpmXme u q&mryg?
- obmywd}uD; u rdef@cGef;ajym=um;rSm jzpfygw,f?

u ae&mwGif rS ukd okH;rdonfhtwGuf wcgw&HwGif t"dy`g,f ajymif;jyef


apmufxdk; jzpfoGm;wwfygonf? atmufyg0gusESpfa=umif;udk =unfhyg?
- or0g,rtoif; u 0,f,lxm;aom vlokH;ukefrsm;udk xyfqifh jzef@jzL;
ay;rnf?
- or0g,rtoif; rS 0,f,lxm;aom vlokH;ukefrsm;udk xyfqifhjzef@jzL;
ay;rnf?
T0gusEpS af =umif;onf t"dyg` ,cf si;f qef@usib
f uf jzpfonf? yxr0guswiG f
or0g,rtoif;onf vlokH;ukefrsm;udk 0,f,lolvnf; jzpfonf? xyfqifhjzef@jzL;olvnf;
jzpfonf? or0g,rtoif;onf xdktvkyfESpfckpvkH; vkyfa=umif; u aemufqufu
azmfjyaeygonf?
'kw,d 0guswiG rf l or0g,rtoif;onf vlo;Hk ukerf sm;ukd a&mif;csol jzpfomG ;
ygonff? tjcm; yk*~dKvf tzGJ@tpnf;wckcku or0g,rtoif;rS vlokH;ukefrsm;udk 0,f,l+yD;
xyfqifhjzef@jzL;onf[k t"dy`g,f&oGm;ygonf?
rS onf ‘aps; rS 0,fvmonf’ [louJhodk@ xGufcGm&mudkjyaom aemufquf

38 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 38 11/8/2007 6:59:39 AM


jzpfonfhtwGuf ‘or0g,rtoif; rS 0,f,lxm;aom vlokH;ukef’ [k okH;vkdufaomtcg
vlokH;ukefonf or0g,rtoif;wGif r&SdawmhbJ ‘xGufcGm’oGm;+yD; tjcm;olwdk@vufxJ
a&mufoGm;&jcif; jzpfygonf?
xdk@a=umifh jyKvkyfoljzpfa=umif; azmfjyvdkv#if rS udk rokH;bJ u udk okH;rSom
rSefrSefuefuef em;vnfEkdifygvdrfhrnf?

jzifh - ESifh toHk;


rsm;aomtm;jzifh jzifh udk toHk;cHjy0dbwf tjzpf oHk;onf?
Oyrm-
- wkwf jzifh ±dkufonf?
- aoewf jzifh ypfonf?
- uGef'dkvDZm±dkufpfutar&duefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;taejzifh 0ifa&mufajym=um;
onf?
- jrpf}uD;em;odk@ av,mOfc&D;pOf jzifh oGm;rnf?

ESihf udk toH;k cHjy0dbwftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ 0guscsi;f / yk'cf si;f qufpyfonfh tquf


ypPnf; tjzpfvnf;aumif; oHk;onf?
Oyrm -
- armifarmif ESifh nDnD ausmif;odk@ twlwl oGm;onf?
- jynfov l x l . k vdv
k m;csuf ESihf oHCmawmfrsm;. vdv k m;csurf sm;rSm twlwyl if
jzpfonf?
- &efukefòr@ ESifh yJcl;òr@udk um; ESifh tvG,fwul ae@csif;jyef oGm;vmEdkif onf?
- tpdk;&tae ESifh tm%mpufudkoHk;I udkifwG,f&rnf jzpfa=umif;æ
(‘tpkd;&u tm%mpufoHk;I udkifwG,f&rnfjzpfa=umif;’ [koHk;v#if ydk&Sif;.?
‘taeESifh/ taejzifh’ onf cGeftm;aysmhapaom toHk;tE_ef;jzpf.?)

‘ESifh/ jzifh’ toHk;udk vGJrSm;pGm oHk;avh&Sdonfudkvnf; awG@&ygonf?


‘pGm’ jzifhqHk;aom yk'frsm;aemufwGif ‘ESifh/ jzifh’ udk xnfhokH;&efrvdkyg? odk@aomf
trsm;pku xnfhoHk;usifh &SdaeonfudkawG@&onf?
Oyrm -
av;pm;pGmjzifh ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? (jzifh - rvdk)

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 39

CE-BM-Final.indd 39 11/8/2007 6:59:39 AM


usef;rmpGmESifh wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf &Sda=umif;? (ESifh - rvdk)
xdkwm0efudk rarhravsmh xrf;aqmifcJhrnfjzpfa=umif;jzifh ajym=um;oGm;cJhygonf?
(jzifh -ydk)

xdkuJhodk@yif ‘a=umif;’ ESifhqHk;aom yk'frsm;aemufwGifvnf; ESifh / jzifh toHk;xnfh&ef


rvdkyg?
Oyrm -
- jzpfay:aeaom jy\emrsm;udk +idrf;csrf;pGm pnf;urf;wus aqmif&Gufay;a&;yif
jzpfa=umif;ESifh ajym=um;cJhygonf? (ESifh - ydk)
- TtpDtpOfudk pufwifbm 18 &ufae@u pwifcJhjcif; jzpfa=umif;jzifh a=unm
cJhonf? (jzifh - ydk) (ae@-ydk)
(pufwifbm 18 &uf qkv d #if +y;D jynfph +kH yjD zpf.? ae@udk we*FaEG-wevFm/ tzdw/f Oykof
ponhf ae@wdk@twGuf oHk;jrJjzpf.?)

um - cg
um ESihf cg onf ta&;uGaJ omfvnf; toHxu G q f ifojzifh a&;&mY a&maxG;
wwfonf?
wòyifeuf (od@k r[kw)f qufwu
kd f jzpfysuaf =umif;jyvdak omf um udk oH;k onf?
Oyrm -
- tdyf um pm; um aeonf?
- &,f um arm um ajymonf?
- rkef@pm; um pmzwfaeonf?

‘tcsdef’/ ‘tcg’/ ‘umv’ udkjyvdkaomf cg udk oHk;onf?


Oyrm -
- i,fpOftcg ynmr&Smv#if }uD; cg rS aemifw&vdrfhrnf?
- yef;rsm;udk qkyfum =uJ+yD;aom tcgv#if
- a&mufcgeD; / jzpfcgeD;
- ckcsdefcg
- touf}uD;cg rS cufr,f?

40 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 40 11/8/2007 6:59:39 AM


teuf - wGif toHk;
tpktaygif;xJrS wpdwfwydkif;udk cGJxkwfjyaom pum;vHk;tjzpf teuf / wGif
wdk@udk oHk;onf? odk@aomf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;udkrl wòyifwnf;oHk;p&m rvdkyg?
Oyrm -
- a,musmf ;av;wd@k teufwiG f armifarmifonf tvdrmR qH;k jzpfonf? (rSm;)
- ausmif;&Sd rde;f uav;wd@k teuf w0ufcef@rSm tm;upm;t&mY xl;c|e=f uonf?
- jzLjzLum; jrifzl;or# rdef;uav;wdk@wGif tvSqHk;jzpfonf?

jzpfap - odk@r[kwf - aomfvnf;aumif; - vnf;aumif;


- armifarmif jzpfap / nDnD jzpfap q&mrqD vmcJhyg?
- eDeD odk@r[kwf oef;oef; q&mrESifh vmawG@yg?
- taz aomfvnf;aumif;/ tar aomfvnf;aumif; cGifhvmwdkif&rnf?
- twef;ydik q
f &mru vnf;aumif;/ twef;wm0efcu H vnf;aumif; qufvuf
aqmif&Guf&rnf?
- olonfvnf; xdek nf;vnf;aumif;? (‘va*gi;f ’ [k toHxu G zf wfaomfvnf;
t"dyg` ,tf & ‘twlw’l [k oufa&mufojzifh vnf;aumif; [kom a&;&rnf?)

onf - rSm
onf ESifh rSm udk jyKvkyfol (uwWm;aemufquf) tjzpf oHk;onf?
0guswckwnf;wGif onf ESifh rSm udk wòyifwnf; oHk;&ygu a&S›uwWm;aemufwGif
onf udk oHk;+yD;/ aemufuwWm;aemufwGif rSm udk oHk;onf?
Oyrm-
- ndKnKd onf aeraumif;I tvkyrf qif;Edik jf cif;jzpf+y;D vSvrS mS ud,
k af &;ud,
k w
f m
ta&;}uD;udpP&Sdaoma=umifh tvkyfrqif;Edkifjcif; jzpfonf?
- ESif;qDyef;onf &eH@oif;+yD; py,fyef;rSm ar$;}udKifonf?
- om;t}uD;onf pmawmf+yD;/ om;ti,frSm vdrRma&;jcm;&Sdonf?

[laom - paom - ponf - ponfh


,ae@ vltrsm;tok;H wGiaf eaom o'Ngo;Hk trSm;wckrmS [laom tpm; paom
ukd rSm;okH;jcif;yif jzpfonf?
paom onf wcsKd@w0ufomazmfjyvdkaom tcsufrsm;. aemufwGif

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 41

CE-BM-Final.indd 41 11/8/2007 6:59:39 AM


okH;& aompum;quf jzpfygonf? ponf/ ponfjzifh/ ponfwdk@ rSmvnf; paom ESifh
oabmcsif;wlaom pum;qufrsm; jzpfygonf?
,ckazmfjycsufrsm;rSm tjynfhtpkHr[kwfao;yg? aemufxyf usefygao;onf
[laom t"dy`g,fjzifh okH;jcif;jzpfygonf?
Oyrm-
- vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOf/ a=u;rkH paom jrefrmowif;pmrsm;wGif qkay;yGJ
owif;udk awG@Edkifygonf?
T0gusudk=unfhv#if vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOfESifh a=u;rkH owif;pmESpfapmif.
trnfudkom azmfjy+yD; paom [k okH;vdkufojzifh jrefrmhtvif;/ Adkvfwaxmif [laom usef
jrefrmowif;pmrsm;udkyg &nf!¸ef;vdka=umif; odEkdifygonf?
tjynfhtpkHazmfjyvdkv#if-
‘vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOf/ a=u;rkH/ jrefrmhtvif;/ Adkvfwaxmif [laom jrefrm
owif;pmrsm;wGif qkay;yGJowif;udk awG@Ekdifygonf’ [k [laom udk xnfhokH;Ekdifygonf?
a&S›uazmfjyaom owif;pmtrnf tm;vkH; jynfhpkHa=umif;/ csefrxm;a=umif; [laom u
azmfjyaeygonf?
odk@aomf [laom ae&mY paom udk xnfh+yD; atmufyguJhodk@ rSm;okH;ae=u
onfudk r=umc%awG@&ygonf?
- vkyo f m;jynfo@l aepOf/ a=u;rk/H jrefrmhtvif;/ Adv
k w
f axmif paom jrefrmho
wif;pmrsm;wGif qkay;yGJowif;udk awG@Edkifygonf?
pOf;pm;=unfyh g? ,ae@xkwaf 0aeaom jrefrmowif;pm av;apmifpvk;H tjynfh
tpkHvnf; azmfjy+yD;ygvsuf paom udk xnfhvdkufjyefaomtcg aemufxyf jrefrmowif;pm
&Sdaeao;onfht"dy`g,f oufa&mufoGm;avonf?
xdk@twl-
‘tok;H vk;H qdo
k nfrmS ta&;/ tzwf/ twGuf ponf wd@k udk qdv k jkcd if; jzpfonf’
‘Tausmif;wGif rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ tqifhjrifhwef; ponfh twef;
tm;vk;H udk oif=um;ay;aeonf’ [laom 0guswdk@wGifvnf; ponf/ ponfh wdk@ tokH;rsm;
aeygonf? tcsuftvuf tjynfhtpkHazmfjyxm;ygvsuf ponf/ ponfh wdk@udk rvdkbJ
xnfhxm;aoma=umifh jzpfygonf?
‘tok;H vk;H qkod nfrmS ta&;/ tzwf/ twGuf wd@k udk qdv k jkd cif;jzpfonf’
‘Tausmif;wGif rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ tqifhjrifhwef; [lonfh twef;
tm;vkH;udk oif=um;ay;aeonf’ [ka&;rS rSefygvdrfhrnf?

42 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 42 11/8/2007 6:59:39 AM


tcsuftvufrsm; tjynfhtpHk azmfjyrnfqkdv#if aemufu paom/ ponf/
ponfh wdk@ xnfhp&mrvkdyg? [laom/ [lonf/ [lonfh wdk@udk vkdtyfovdk xnfhokH;&efom
jzpfygonf?

yk'fxm;ajymif;jyef0gus
- ck;d r_usL;vGeaf om armifped /f tz OD;rS@J ukd tvkyjf zifh axmif'%f ok;H vuscaH p&ef
trdef@csrSwfvdkufonf?
T0gusudk tokH;vkH;aus+yD;cgp v,form;OD;}uD; wa,mufu zwfrdrnf
qdvk #if ’[ifæ om;u ck;d r_usL;vGew f m bmjzpfv@kd tazuaxmifus&wmvJ’ [k wtHw h =o
ar;aumif;ar;vdrfhrnf? ar;vnf; ar;avmufp&myif? T0gusrsKd;a&;olrsm; &Sdaeygonf?
‘ckd;r_usL;vGefaom armifpdef (tz OD;rSJ@) udk tvkyfjzifh axmif'%fokH;v
uscaH p&ef trde@f csrw S v
f u
kd of nf’ [k tztrnfukd uGi;f puGi;f ydwx f J xnfah &;v#if awmfyg
ao;onf? w&m;cHtrnfaemufwGif tztrnfxnfh&aom ±kH;xkH;pHt&a&;jcif;[k oabm
aygufEdkifp&m &Sdygonf?
xdkodk@ ra&;bJ-
‘OD;rSJ@.om; ckd;r_usL;vGefaom armifpdefudk tvkyfjzifh axmif'%fokH;v
uscHap&ef trdef@ csrSwfvdkufonf’ [k a&;v#ifrl ydkI&Sif;ygonf? ydkIvnf; jrefrm0gus
yDoygonf?
‘jrefrm0gus yDoonf’[k txl;jyKI qdk&jcif;rSm txufyg 0gusuJhodk@ jrefrm
0gusryDoaom jrefrm0gusrqefaom 0guszGJ@ykHrsKd;udk r=umc%awG@&wwfaoma=umifh
jzpfygonf? atmufygwdk@udk =unfhyg?
Oyrm (1) -
- OD;wifxGwf/ puf±kHrª;/ *kefeDpuf¶kH ESifh OD;vSa0/ vufaxmuf tif*sifeD,m/
csnf r #if E S i f h txnf p uf wd k @ onf puf ¶ k H v k y f i ef ; rsm;ud k ok H ; v=umr# avh v m&ef
bDatpDav,mOfjzifh *syefEdkifiHodk@ xGufcGmoGm;=u.?
xd0k guswiG f ’OD;wifxwG /f puf¶rHk ;ª / *keef pD uf¶’Hk [laom zG@J xk;H rsK;d ukd pmtdwf ay:
wGif vdyfpmtjzpfa&;v#if trnfudk csufcsif;odatmifa&;jcif;jzpfI bmrSajymp&mr&Sdyg?
0gustjzpf xnfha&;v#ifrl jrefrmzGJ@xkH; r[kwfonfhtwGuf ajymp&m&Sdvm
ygonf? jrefrmzGJ@xkH;wGif *k%fxl;0daooudk azmfjyaom txl;jyKpum;rsm;u a&S›uae+yD;
txl;jyKcH& olu aemufuvdkuf&ygonf?
xdk@a=umifh ‘*kefeDpuf¶kH/ puf¶kHrª; OD;wifxGwf’ [k zGJ@rSom jrefrmzGJ@xkH;

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 43

CE-BM-Final.indd 43 11/8/2007 6:59:40 AM


yDoygvrd rhf nf? ,ckrl *syefo@kd oGm;olrsm;rSm OD;wifxw G Ef iS hf OD;vSa0wd@k r[kwb
f J ‘*keef pD uf¶EHk iS hf
csnfr#ifESifhtxnfpuf¶kH’ wdk@jzpfonf[k t"dy`g,fxGufaeygonf? jzpfoifhonfrSm -
- *kefeDpuf¶kH/ puf¶kHrª; OD;wifxGwfESifh csnfr#ifESifhtxnfpuf±kH vufaxmuf
tif*sief , D m OD;vSa0 wd@k onf puf¶v Hk yk if ef;rsm;udk ok;H v=umr#avhvm&ef bDatpDav,mOfjzifh
*syefEdkifiHodk@ xGufcGmoGm;=u.?
Oyrm (2) -
- tcrf;tem;wGif obmywdtjzpf OD;jrarmif/ uxdu jrefrmpmXme/ &efuek f
0dZm… ESio
hf yd w
H` uUov kd f u aqmif&u G +f y;D tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf OD;ode;f [ef/ enf;jy/ jrefrmpmXme/
vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyfu aqmif&Gufonf?
xd0k guswiG v f nf; obmywdEiS hf tcrf;tem;rª;wd@k rSm OD;jrarmifEiS hf OD;ode;f [ef
wdk@ r[kwfbJ &efukef 0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf ESifh vkyfom;aumvdyfrsm;jzpfonf[k t"dy`g,f
aumuf&ygrnf? jzpf&rnfrSm -
- tcrf;tem;wGif obmywdtjzpf &efukef 0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf jrefrmpm
Xme uxdu OD;jrarmifu aqmif¶u G +f y;D tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf vkyo f m;rsm;aumvdyf jrefrmpm
Xme enf;jy OD;odef;[efu aqmif&Gufonff?
Oyrm (3) -
- a':at;/ ukeo f nf/ trSwf 23/ =um;awm&vrf;/ A[ef;/ &efuek òfr@onf rEœav;òr@
Y ¶kww f &uf uG,v f eG of mG ;ygI rEœav;òr@Yyif o+*õK[f+y;D pD;yga=umif;?
xdk0guswGifvnf; uG,fvGefolrSm &efukefòr@ozG,f jzpfaeayonf? pifppf
a&;oifhonfrSm - ‘&efukefòr@/ A[ef;=um;awm&vrf;/ tdrftrSwf 23 ae ukefonf a':
at; onf rEœav;òr@Y ¶kwfw&uf uG,fvGefoGm;ygI rEœav;òr@Yyif o+*õK[f+yD;pD;yga=umif;’
uJhodk@om jzpfonf?
Tod@k jzifh txl;jyKpum;rsm;udk a&Su › xm;+y;D txl;jyKc&H olukd aemufu xm;rS
om yk'fxm;ajymif;jyefrjzpfbJ jrefrm0gus zGJ@xkH;ESifhnD!Gwfrnfjzpfa=umif; *¶kjyKoifhygonf?

tpDtpOfysuf 0gus
yg0ifaomtcsufrsm;udk a&S›aemuftpDtpOftwdkif; azmfjy&efvdktyfonfh
0gusrsKd;wGif tpDtpOfrSef&ef ta&;}uD;onf? tpDtpOfrwnfhygu t"dy`g,fyg wrsKd;wzkH
jzpfoGm;wwfygonf?
Oyrm (1) -
- ppfawGòr@/ armfvòrif/ jrpf}uD;em;/ vGdKifaumfòr@wdk@onf rGefjynfe,f/ ucsif

44 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 44 11/8/2007 6:59:40 AM


jynfe,f/ u,m;jynfe,f/ &ckdifjynfe,fwdk@wGif toD;oD;&Sd=u.?
xdk0gus t& -
ppfawGòr@onf rGefjynfe,fY/ armfvòrifòr@onf ucsifjynfe,fY/ jrpf}uD;em;òr@
onf u,m;jynfe,fY/ vGdKifaumfòr@onf &ckdifjynfe,fY toD;oD; wnf&Sdonf[k
t"dy`g,fxGuf aeygonf?
0gusa&S›ydkif;&Sd tcsufrsm;ESifh aemufydkif;&Sd tcsufrsm;udk tpDtpOftwdkif; razmfjy
ojzifh t"dy`g,fysufoGm;a=umif; awG@Ekdifonf? a&;oifhonfrSm -
‘ppfawGòr@/ armfvòrifòr@/ jrpf}uD;em;òr@/ vG,faumfòr@wdk@onf &ckdifjynfe,f/
rGefjynfe,f/ ucsif jynfe,f/ u,m;jynfe,fwdk@Y toD;oD; &Sd=u.’ [lI jzpfonf?
Oyrm (2) -
- ausmif;q&mrsm;/ ukeo f nfrsm;/ v,form;rsm;onf pdu k yf sK;d jcif;/ pmoif=um;jcif;/
a&mif;0,fjcif; vkyif ef;rsm;udk toD;oD; vkyu f ikd =f u&jrJ jzpfonf?
xdk0guswGifvnf;
-ausmif;q&mu pdkufysKd;jcif;/ v,form;u a&mif;0,fjcif;/ ukefonfu
pmoif=um;jcif; tvkyfwdk@udk vkyf&onf[k t"dy`g,fxGufaeygonf? trSefrSm -
‘ausmif ; q&mrsm;/ v,f o rm;rsm;/ uk e f o nf r sm;onf pmoif = um;jcif ; /
pdkufysdK;jcif;/ a&mif;0,fjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk toD;oD; vkyfudkif&jrJjzpfonf’ [k a&;rSom
&Sif;vif; rSefuefrnf jzpfygonf?

yk'fxm;rSm;0gus
0guswa=umif;wGifyg0ifaom yk'frsm; ol@ae&mESifhol rSefrSefuefuefr&Sdv#if
t"dy`g,fwrsKd; ajymif;oGm;onftxd jzpfEdkifygonf? xdktcgrsKd;wGif pma&;olqdkvdkonfu
wrsKd;/ t"dy`g,faygufonfuwjcm; jzpfoGm;wwfygonf?
Oyrm (1) -
- uav;i,fonf vrf;ay:u tbkd;tdkudk =unfhae.?
- uav;i,fonf tbkd;tkdudk vrf;ay:u =unfhae.?
T0gusESpfa=umif;pvkH;wGif uav;i,fonf =unfhaeol/ tbdk;tdkonf
t=unfch &H oljzpfygonf? od@k aomf vrf;ay:u [laom yk'af e&mudvk ukd I
f 0gusrsm; t"dyg` ,f
uGJjym;oGm;a=umif; awG@Ekdifygonf?
tbkd;tdkonf vrf;ay:rSm &Sdaea=umif; yxr0gus u azmfjyonf?
uav;i,fonf vrf;ay:rSm&Sdaea=umif; 'kwd,0gusu azmfjyonff?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 45

CE-BM-Final.indd 45 11/8/2007 6:59:40 AM


pma&;olonf yxr0gus. t"dy`g,frsKd;udk azmfjyvdkv#if jyxm;onfhtwdkif;
‘vrf;ay:u’ udk ‘tbdk;tdk’ ESifh uyfxm;&vdrfhrnf?
xdkodk@uyfrxm;bJ 'kwd,0gusuJhodk@a&;v#if qdkvdkaomt"dy`g,frxGufbJ
‘yk'fxm;rSm;0gus’ jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf?
Oyrm (2) -
- 1948 ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&; qkH;¶_H;cJhaom jrefrmEdkifiHonf vGwfvyfa&;udk
jyefvnf&&SdcJhonf?
T0gusonfvnf; yk'fxm;rSm;0gusjzpfygonf? T0gustwdkif;qkdv#if
jrefrmEdkifiHonf 1948 ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;qkH;¶_H;&ovkd jzpfaeygonff?
pifppf ‘1948ckESpfwGif’ [laom yk'fonf ‘vGwfvyfa&; qkH;¶_H;cJh&aom’ESifh
rqdkif? ‘vGwfvyfa&;udk jyefvnf&&SdcJhonf’ESifhom qkdifonff?
xdk@a=umifh-
‘vGwfvyfa&;qkH;¶_H;cJh&aom jrefrmEdkifiHonf 1948 ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;udk
jyefvnf&&SdcJhonf’ [k qdkif&myk'fcsif; uyfvkdufrS vdktyfaomt"dy`g,f &ygrnf?
Oyrm (3) -
- obmywd}u;D tm; trSmpum; ajym=um;ay;yg&ef yef=um;tyfygonf cifAsm;?
xdyk ef=um;csuo
f nfvnf; yk'x f m;rSm;0gus jzpfaeygonf? ‘obmywd}u;D tm;’
[laom yk'fonf ‘trSmpum;ajym’ ESifh rqdkif? yef=um;jcif;ESifhom qkdifonff?
odk@aomf qdkif&myk'fESifh uyfrxm;onfhtwGuf tjcm;wpkHwa,mufu
obmywd }uD;tm; trSmpum;ajym&awmhrvdkvdk t"dy`g,faygufoGm;ygonf? trSefrSm -
‘trSmpum;ajym=um;ay;&ef obmywd}uD;udk yef=um;tyfygonf cifAsm;’ [k
a&;om;rnfqkdv#if tyef=um;cH&aom obmywd}uD;ESifh yef=um;[laom }ud,mwdk@uyfae
onfhtwGuf t"dy`g,faumufvGJp&m r&Sdawmhyg?
Oyrm (4) -
‘tvGef&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfaom EdkA,fqk&Sif vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;
pk=unfudk ta=umif;rJh csKyfaESmifxm; onfh ppftpdk;&tm; ta&;,loifh+yDjzpfonf’ [laom
yk'fxm;rSm;ykHrsdK;jzpfygonf? pifppf a&;&rnfrSm -
- EdkA,fqk&Sif vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk csKyfaESmifxm;onfh
tvGef&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfaom ppftpdk;&tm; ta&;,loifh+yD jzpfonf?

46 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 46 11/8/2007 6:59:40 AM


Oyrm (5)
‘&xm;ay:uae ausmif;om;xkodk@ qdk+yD; pmusJcsoGm;w,fvdk@ od&ygw,f’
[laom 0guswGifvnf; ae&mjyyk'fu oufqdkif&m}ud,myk'fESifh uyfae&rnf jzpfonff?
‘ausmif;om;xk o d k @ qd k w J h pmawG u d k &xm;ay:uae usJcsoGm;w,fvdk@
od&ygw,f’ [k a&;rSom qdkvdk&if;u &Sif;vif;pGm ay:vGifayrnf?
odk@jzpfI yk'fxm;rSefatmif rnfonfhtcsufudk *¶kjyKoifhoenf;? *¶kjyKoifhaom
tcsufudk pum;wcGef;wnf;ESifh azmfjyEkdifygonf?
’qdkif&m/ qkdif&mcsif; twwfEdkifqkH; uyfxm;yg ’ [lI jzpfygonf?
rSeyf gonf?f 0gusxw J iG f b,ftcsuEf iS hf b,ftcsuq f ikd o
f enf;? b,fy'k Ef iS hf b,fy'k f
qkdifoenf;? xdkodk@*¶kjyK+yD; qkdif&mtcsufcsif; qdkif&myk'fcsif; twwfEdkifqkH; uyfxm;rnf
qdkv#if yk'fxm;rSm;0gusrsKd;jzpfp&m r&Sdawmhyg?
Tae&mwGif qkdif&m/ qdkif&myk'frsm;[k qdkEkdifaom yk'fav;pkHudk azmfjyvkd
ygonf?
(1) emr0daooe (emrfudk txl;jyKaom yk'f) ESifh emrf/
(2) }ud,m0daooe (}ud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'f) ESifh }ud,m/
(3) emrf (jyKvkyfol) ESifh }ud,m/
(4) emrf (jyKvkyfcH&ol) ESifh }ud,mwdk@jzpfonff?
qdik &f m/ qkid &f myk'w
f @kd eD;uyfru
_ v
kd u
kd I f 0gusrsm; t"dyg` ,uf wJG wfyu
Hk kd atmufyg
twdkif; awG@Ekdifygonff?

emrfudk txl;jyKaomyk'f ESifh emrf


- qif;&Jaom tbd;k td.
k om;i,fonf oem;zG,af umif;avpG? (qif;&Jorl mS
tbdk;tdk jzpfonff?)
- tbd;k td.
k qif;&Jaom om;i,fonf oem;zG,f aumif;avpG? (qif;&Jorl mS
om;i,f jzpfonff?)

}ud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'f ESifh }ud,m


- q&monf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rqln=H u&ef pmoifcef;xJwiG f qk;H r.? (qk;H r
aom ae&monf pmoifcef;xJwGif jzpfonf)
- q&monf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmoifcef;xJwGif rqlnH=u&ef qkH;r.?
(pmoifcef;xJwiG f rqln=H u&ef/ qlnv
H v
kd #if pmoifcef;tjyifo@kd xGu=f u&ef [lI t"dyg̀,f &onf?)

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 47

CE-BM-Final.indd 47 11/8/2007 6:59:40 AM


uwWm; (jyKvkyfol) ESifh }ud,m
- qlylaeaom 'g,umudk q&mawmfonf pdwfqdk;aoma=umifh ac:,l}udrf;
armif;.? (q&mawmf pdwfqdk;aeonf?)
- pdwqf ;kd aoma=umifh qlyal eaom'g,umudk q&mawmfu ac:,l}urd ;f armif;.?
('g,um pdwfqdk;aeonf?)

uH (jyKvkyfcH&ol) ESifh }ud,m


- pmar;yGJusolrsm;onfhtwGuf pkHprf;ppfaq;&ef ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;tm;
wdkif=um;.? (pkHprf;ppfaq;&ef q&m}uD;udk wdkifjcif;)
- pmar;yGJusolrsm;onfhtwGuf ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;tm; pkHprf;ppfaq;&ef
wdkif=um;.? (wm0eff&Sdaom q&m}uD;tm; pkHprf;ppfaq;&ef txufodk@wdkifjcif;)
- tckta&;tcif;rSm &[ef;&Sifvl 200 cef@ ppftpkd;& vufcsufa=umifh touf
qH;k cJ&h +y;D 6000 cef@ xde;f odr;f cHae&+yv
D @kd Edik if w
H umowif;Xmersm;u azmfjyygw,f? (jyKvyk f
cH&olESifh oufqdkifonfh }ud,m uyfrxm;jcif;a=umifh qdkvdk&if; r&Sif;vif; jzpfaeonf?)
- tckta&;tcif;rSm ppftpkd;&vufcsufa=umifh &[ef;&Sifvl 200 cef@ touf
qHk;cJh&+yD; 6000 cef@ xdef;odrf;cHae&+yDvdk@ EdkifiHwumowif;Xmersm;u azmfjyygw,f?
yk'fxm;rSefv#if vdkcsifonfh t"dy`g,fvnf; rSefrSefuefuef ay:xGufvmrnf
om jzpfygonf?

yk'fxm;¶_yf0gusrsm;
0guszGJ@&mwGif wcgw&H yk'ftxm;todk ae&mrusaomtcg yk'fxm;rSm;0gus
tqifhodk@ ra&mufonfhwdkif yk'fxm;¶_yf oGm;onfh tjzpfrsKd; a&mufoGm;wwfygonff?
yk'fxm;¶_yfoGm;ojzifh [dkvdkt"dy`g,faumuf&rvdk onfvkdt"dy`g,faumuf&
rvkd jzpfoGm;wwfykHrsKd;udk qkdvdkjcif;jzpfygonf? om"u jyygrnf?
- &Sr;f jynfe,f awmif}u;D òr@ESihf rdwv
Dˆ mòr@wGif pkaygi;f &Sijf yKyrJG sm; usi;f yonf?
T0gusonf yk'fxm;rrSm;aomfvnf; yk'fxm;¶_yfxm;aom0gus jzpfonf?
awmif}uD;. jynfe,fudkazmfjy+yD; rdwˆDvm.wdkif;ukd razmfjybJ ‘&Srf;jynfe,f awmif}uD;òr@
ESifh rdwˆDvmòr@wdk@’ [lI a&;vkdufonfhtwGuf awmif}uD;a&m rdwˆDvmyg &Srf;jynfe,fxJrSm
&Sdovdkvdk t"dy`g,f¶_yfoGm;&jcif; jzpfygonf?
rdwvDˆ monf &Sr;f jynfe,frmS r&Sad =umif; trsm;todyifjzpfojzifh t"dyg` ,t f ae
jzifh rSm;Edkifp&mta=umif;r&Sdyg? odk@aomf yk'ftxm;todk ae&mrusonfhtwGuf pmzwfol

48 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 48 11/8/2007 6:59:40 AM


. pdwfxJwGif ¶_yfoGm;Edkifygonf?
xdkodk@ra&;bJ-
‘&Srf;jynfe,f awmif}uD;òr@ESifh rEœav;wdkif; rdwˆDvmòr@wdk@wGif pkaygif;
&SifjyKyGJrsm; usif;yonf’ [k a&;v#if ¶_yfp&m ta=umif;r&Sdyg?
‘awmif}uD;òr@ESifh rdwˆDvmòr@ay:wGif pkaygif;¶SifjyKyGJrsm; usif;yonf’ [k
jynfe,f wdkif;trnfrsm; ESpfae&mvkH;rxnfhbJ a&;v#ifvnf; t"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;onfyif
jzpfygonff?

0gusxJu tav;ay;ykHoabm
0gusxw J iG f rdrtd av;ay;vkad omtcsuu f kd pmzwfou l vnf; ta&;}u;D onf
[k tav;teuf oabmaygufvmatmif azmfjyEkdifjcif;onfvnf; 0guszGJ@ykH wdwdusus
&Sdjcif;a=umifhyif jzpfygonf?
ta=umif;tcsi;f t&m twlwyl ifjzpfaomfvnf; 0gusz@JG yku H vkd u
kd If tav;ay;
ykH uGmjcm;r_rsKd; &Sdwwfygonf? om"ujyygrnf?
- rr Tpmtkyfudk 0,fvmonf?
- Tpmtkyfudk rr 0,fvmonff?
T0gusEpS af =umif;onf ta=umif;t&mvnf; twlwjl zpfygonf? yxr0gus
onf zGJ@±kd;zGJ@pOf 0gusykHpHrsKd; jzpfygonff?
rr (uwWm;)/ Tpmtkyu f kd (uHy'k )f / 0,fvmonf (}u, d myk')f [laomtpDtpOf
jzifh zGJ@xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
xd@k tjyif pmtky0f ,fvmolonf ‘rr’ jzpfonf[al om tcsuu f kd OD;OD;zsm;zsm;
azmfjyvkdaom oabmygygonf?
'kw, d 0gusrmS rl 0,fvmaom pmtkyu f d k tav;ay;azmfjyvdok nfh oabm&Syd gonf?
rr0,fvmaom pmtkyfrSm tjcm;pmtkyf r[kwfbJ Tpmtkyf jzpfa=umif;
t"du azmfjyvdkonfhtwGuf ‘Tpmtkyfudk’ [lI pum;pkudk a&S›qkH;uxm;I a&;zGJ@onf[k
qdkEdkifygonf?
tav;ay;vdo k nfth csuu f kd t&ifq;Hk owd&wwfonfh obm0t& t&ifq;Hk
azmfjyonfh oabmjzpfygonf?
tav;ay;vdo k nfth csuu f kd 0gus. aemufq;Hk ykid ;f wGif xm;wwf=uygonf?
jrefrm0gusrsm;onf }ud,mjzifhtqkH;owfavh&Sdonf? }ud,mudkazmfjyrS 0gus.qdkvdkcsuf
+yD;jynfhpkHonff/ xif&Sm;onf?

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CE-BM-Final.indd 49 11/8/2007 6:59:40 AM


xdk@a=umifh }ud,monf 0gus.aemufqkH;tydkif;vnf; jzpfonf/ ta&;}uD;qkH;
tydkif;vnf; jzpfonf?
pmzwfoo l nf 0guswa=umif;qk;H atmifzwfv#if }u, d mudk aemufrS zwf&onf
jzpfI }u, d mjzifah zmfjyonft h csuof nf pmzwfo. l &ifxJ ylyal EG;aEG; xifuse&f pfwwf onf?
xkdoabmt& tav;ay;vkdaomtcsufudk 0gus.aemufqkH;tydkif;wGif
}ud,mESifh azmfjyjcif;jzifh av;eufxif&Sm;vmEkdifygonf? om"ujyygrnf?
- v,fxGefaeaom Tv,form;}uD;onf usef;rmoefpGrf;.?
- usef;rmoefpGrf;aom Tv,form;}uD;onf v,fxGefae.?
T0gusESpfa=umif;onf t"dy`g,ftwlwljzpfaomfvnf; tav;ay;r_csif;
rwlyg? yxr0gusudk zwfvdkufv#if v,form;}uD;. usef;rmoefpGrf;r_udk owdjyKrdoGm;+yD;/
'kwd,0gusudk zwfvdkufv#if ol v,fxGefae. [laom pum;&yfu pmzwfol.pdwfxJwGif
ylylaEG;aEG; pGJxifusef&pfEdkifygonff?
odjk zifh yxr0gusonf use;f rmoefprG ;f r_ukd tav;ay;aom0gusjzpf+y;D 'kwd,
0gusurl v,fxGefonfudk tav;ay;aom 0gusjzpfygonf?
xdk@twl -
‘jrjronf ±kyrf acsmaomfvnf; oabmaumif;onf’ [lI oabmaumif;jcif;
udk tav;ay; a&;om;Ekdifonfhenf;wl -
‘jrjronf oabmaumif;aomfvnf; ±kyfracsm’[lI ±kyfracsmjcif;udk
tav;ay; a&;Ekdifygonf?
Tod@k jzifh pum;ok;H &mwGiv
f nf;aumif;/ 0gusz@JG &mwGiv f nf;aumif;/ pma&;ol
. qkdvdkcsufudk tav;taygh/ taysmhtrmyg rusefatmif azmfjyEkdifonfqdkv#if wdwdusus
&SdEkdifonf[k qdkEkdifygonf?

0gusxJu pum;azmif;yGr_
pum;okH;uspfvspfr_tydkif;wGif jycJhonfhenf;wl 0guszGJ@&mwGifvnf; auG@0dkuf
vSnfhywfum pum;a=um&SnfonfhtwGuf pum;azmif;yGr_ jzpfwwfygonf?
- trSew
f u,f azmfjy&rnfqv kd #if v,fvyk if ef;jzifh toufarG;aom v,form;
rsm;onfum; EkdifiHawmf. EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ponfh ta&;udpPrsm;wGif pD;yGm;a&;
zGH@+zdK;r_ukd taxmuftuljyKaeolrsm;jzpfonf[k rvGJraoG qdkEdkifayonf?
T0gusonf pum;azmif;yGr_ xif&mS ;atmif wrifzefw;D a&;jyaom0gusjzpfonf?
odk@aomf pum;azmazmoDoDokH;+yD; T0gusrsKd; a&;wwf=uonfudk awG@&wwfygonf?

50 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 50 11/8/2007 6:59:40 AM


T0guswGif t"dy`g,fwl ta=umif;rxl;vSaom pum;ydk rsm;aeygonf?
‘trSef wu,fazmfjy&rnfqv dk #i’f [k tb,fa=umifah &;&oenf;? aemufu
ajymonfh pum;onf trSefwu,fjzpfonfqdkv#if xdkpum;udkxnfh&ef vdktyfygoavm?
‘v,f,mvkyfief;jzifh toufarG;aom’ [laom emr0daooeudkvnf;
xnfhp&m rvdkyg? ‘v,form;’ qdkv#if vkHavmufyg+yD? ‘EdkifiHawmf. EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/
vlr_a&;/ ponfh ta&;udpPrsm;wGif’ [laom pum;pkrSmvnf; tydkjzpfaeygonf? ‘rvGJ
raoG rSwf,lEkdifayonf’ [laom pum;rSmvnf; rdrdajymonfhtcsuf rSefygonf[k xyfrH
oufaoxl onfhoabmuvGJI ta=umif;rxl;vSyg?
xdkpum;rsm;ukdz,f+yD; ‘v,form;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmf. pD;yGm;a&; zGH@+zdK;r_udk
taxmuftuljyKaeolrsm; jzpfonf’ [ka&;v#if ydI k uspu
f spv
f spv
f sp&f ydS gonf? yxr0gus
ESifhvnf; t"dy`g,fwlygonff?
xdk@a=umifh 0guszGJ@&mwGif ta=umif;xl;r&SdbJ okH;±kd;okH;pOfjzpfI okH;&aom
pum;rsKd;/ auG@0dkufvSnfhywfaompum;rsKd;udk a&Smifrnfqdkv#if uspfvspfr_&Sdygrnf?

0gusxJu pum;xyfr_
t"dy`g,fwlnDeD;pyfaompum;rsm;udk wGJokH;jcif;jzifh pum;xyfouJhodk@
0gusxJwGifvnf; t"dy`g,fwl pum;ESpfvkH; rvdktyfbJxnfhokH;jcif;/ pum;wvkH;udk
rvdktyfbJ ESpfcgxyf okH;jcif;wdk@a=umifh pum;xyfwwfygonf? xkdtcg xdk0gusonf
ruspfvspfawmhyg?
- Trdef;rysKdonf r,Ofaus;aom/ ±kdif;ysaomtjyKtrl t}udrf}udrf tzefzef
jyKonfhtwGuf csD;usL;p&mrjzpfbJ uJh&J@p&mjzpfoGm;&awmhonf?
T0guswGif t"dy`g,fwlpum;rsm;udk rvdktyfbJ ESpfcgxnfhokH;xm;onfudk
awG@Edik yf gonf? ‘r,Ofaus;aom’ ESihf ‘±kid ;f ysaom’/ ‘t}urd }f urd ’f ESihf ‘tzefzef’/ ‘cs;D usL;p&m
rjzpf’ ESihf ‘uJ&h @J p&m’ wd@k onf t"dyg` ,w f l pum;rsm; jzpfygonf? xdpk um;rsm;udk wvk;H pDom
xnfhokH;v#ifvnf; xdkt"dy`g,fyif&ygonf? =unfhyg?
- Trdef;rysKdonf r,Ofaus;aom tjyKtrludk t}udrf}udrf jyKonfh twGuf
csD;usL;p&m rjzpfawmhay?
- Trde;f rysKo
d nf ±dik ;f ysaom tjyKtrlukd tzefzefjyKonft h wGuf uJ&h phJ &mjzpf
oGm;&onf?
T0gus ESpaf =umif;pvk;H t"dyg` ,t f wlwl yl if jzpfygonf? }uKd u&f mwa=umif;ok;H
v#if vkHavmufyg+yD? xdk@twl -

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 51

CE-BM-Final.indd 51 11/8/2007 6:59:41 AM


- ppfawmif;jrpfonf a&pD;oefonfjzpf&m xkdodk@a&pD;oefonfhtwGuf avS
oabFmrsm; oGm;vm&mY xdkodk@oGm;vmaom avSoabFmrsm;wGif tEœ&m,f &Sdayonf?
T0guswiG f rvktd yfbJ pum;rsm; ESpcf gxyfaea=umif; awG@Ekid yf gonf? xyfae
aompum;rsm;udkz,fI-
‘ppfawmif;jrpfonf a&pD;oefonft h wGuf oGm;vmaom avSoabFmrsm;wGif
tEœ&m,f&Sdayonf’ [k a&;v#ifvnf; xkdt"dy`g,frsKd;yif &ygonf? xdkuJhodk@yif -
- obm00ef ; usif xd e f ; od r f ; umuG , f a pmif h a &S m uf a &;twG u f ‚.
vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;udk av;av;eufeuf vkyaf qmifco hJ nf[k rnfonfh tcgur# rawG@=u&yg?
- ‚taejzifh obm00ef;usifxdef;odrf;umuG,f apmifha&Smufa&;twGuf
rnfonfhtcgur# av;av;eufeuf vkyfaqmifcJhjcif; r&Sdyg?
pum;xyfonfhta=umif;udk azmfjy&mY ‘rvkdtyfbJ’ [k pum;cHcJhygonf?
vdktyfI pum;xyfjcif;rsKd;rSmrl udpPr&Sdyg?
‘r,Ofaus;jcif;[laom ±kdif;ysjcif;aywnf;?‘ [laom 0guswGif ‘±dkif;ysjcif;‘ udk
‘r,Ofaus;jcif;‘[k t"dy`g,f zGifhEkdifayonf?
T0guswGif pum;wvkH;udk t"dy`g,fwlpum;wvkH;jzifh zGifhqdkjyjcif; jzpfonfh
twGuf t"dy`g,fwl/ pum;wl pum;ESpfvkH;rygI rjzpfyg? vkdtyfI pum;xyfjcif; jzpfygonf?
xkd@twl-
- Taq;udk eHeuf (9) em&D w}udrf/ rGef;vGJ (3) em&D w}udrf wdkufyg?
T0guswiG f ‘w}urd ‘f [laom pum;ESpcf g xyfjcif;rSm vkt d yfI xyfjcif; jzpfonf?
aq;wdkuf&rnfh t}udrfrsm;udk w}udrfpD azmfjy&eff vdktyfaoma=umifh jzpfygonff?
Tr#qdkv#if 0gusxJwGif rvdktyfbJ pum;xyfr_onf 0gusudk azmif;yGap
a=umif; odomavmufyg+yD?
pum;ajy uspfuspfvspfvspf&Sd&ef pum;okH;uspfvspf&ef vdkygonff? 0guszGJ@
uspfvspf&efvnf; vdkygonf? xdkodk@ uspfvspf&ef pum;zGmjcif;/ pum;xyfjcif;wdk@udk
a&Smif&ygrnf?

0gus&Snfv#if ±_yfwwfonf
owif;axmuftcsK@d u 0gusukd t&Sn}f u;D a&;wwf+y;D tqH;k rowfwwfawmhbJ
&Sdwwf.? xdktcg 0dbwf[kac:aom aemufqufwGJ ypPnf;rsm;udk rEdkifojzifh +yD; udk oHk;v#if
wav#mufvHk; +yD; jzpfaewwfygonf? xdk@twl I/ um/ &m/ wkef;/ &if; æ ponfwdk@udk
tyfa=umif;xyf oHk;avh&Sdonf?

52 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 52 11/8/2007 6:59:41 AM


Oyrm (1) -
- vlenf;pkuom jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; a&v$rf;rdk;r_ qdk;&Gm;jyif;xefvmaom
obm0azmufjyefrr_ sm;onf/ urBm}u;D ylaEG;vmr_. vuQ%mrsm; jzpfa=umif; od&q dS ufpyf
Edkif=uaomfvnf; obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m ta&;u pdk;&drfpdwf pdk;pOf;r#r&Sdaom jrefrm
ppftpdk;&twGuf Towif;tcsuftvufrsm; rodEdkif=uaom jrefrmjynfolvlxktwGuf
a0;ae&qJ jzpfonf?
txufyg 0gusonfvnf; &Snv f sm;+y;D yk't
f xm;todv k rJG mS ;r_a=umifh t"dyg` ,f
r&Si;f vif;onfuakd wG@&ygonf? ,if;udk atmufygtwdik ;f &Si;f vif;atmifa&;om;Edik yf gonf?
- jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; a&v$rf;rdk;r_ qdk;&Gm;jyif;xefvmaom obm0 azmufjyefr_
rsm;onf urBm}uD;ylaEG;vmr_. vuQ%mrsm;jzpfonfudk vlenf;pkavmufom qufpyf
od&SdEdkif=uygonf? obm0ywf0ef;usif qdkif&mta&;twGuf pdk;&drfpdwf pdk;pOf;r# r&Sdaom
jrefrmppftpdk;&a=umifh jrefrmjynfolrsm;tzdk@ vdktyfonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh
a0;ae&qJ jzpfygonf?
Oyrm (2) -
- ,refae@reuf 9 em&Dcef@wGif rauG;wdkif;/ wdkif;twGif;a&;rSL;/ c,u/ r,u
ESifh omoema&;Xme wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u um; 4-5 (av;ig;) pD;cef@jzifh ,refae@u jzpf&yfESifh
ywfouf+yD; pmoifwdkufrsm;odk@ vdkufvHI awmif;yefav#mufxm;&m tv,fwdkufodk@
ta&mufwiG f tv,fwu kd f oHCmrsm;u tm%mydik rf sm;udk zrf;qD; xde;f odr;f vdu k +fy;D ‚wd@k . um;
4 pD;udk Adv k cf sKyv f rf;ray:Y rD;±d@_ vduk o
f nf[k yckuLU òr@cHrsm;ESihf oHCmawmfwyg;u ajymonf?
txufyg 0guswiG v f nf; &Snv
f sm;aoma=umifh t"dyg̀,f ±_yaf xG;oGm;onfuk d awG@&onf?
,if;udk yk't f xm;todjk yifqif+y;D 0gus cGIJ jyefvnf a&;om;ygu &Si;f vif;oGm;Edik yf gonf?
- ,refae@u jzpfysucf ahJ om oHCmawmfrsm;ESihf ywfoufonfh jy\emtwGuf
,ae@eHeuf 9 em&Dcef@wGif rauG;wdik ;f twGi;f a&;rSL;/ c,u/ r,uESihf omoema&;Xme
wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u pmoifwu kd rf sm;od@k awmif;yefav#mufxm;&ef vma&muf=uonf? xdo k @kd
vma&mufpOf tv,fwu kd o f @kd ta&mufwiG f tv,fwu kd of C H mrsm;u tm%mydik rf sm; ESihf
‚wd@k pD;vmaom um; 4-5 (av;ig;) pD;udk zrf;qD;xm;vdu k +f y;D um; 4 pD;udrk l Adv k cf sKyv
f rf;ray:
wGif rD;±_@d ypfvu kd =f uonf[k yckuLU òr@cHrsm;ESihf oHCmwyg;u today;onf?
Oyrm (3) -
- pmaypdppfa&;u xkwfjyefonfh rl0g'topfrsm;wGif ,cif&Sd+yD;om; pnf;urf;
csufrsm; yg0ifouJhodk@ pnf;urf;csuf topfrsm;vnf; yg0if+yD; ‚tcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDrS
a=umfjimvufcH&efESifh rSm;,Gif;r_ wpHkw&m&Sdygu xnfhonfh r*~Zif;*sme,ftm; xkwfa0cGifh

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 53

CE-BM-Final.indd 53 11/8/2007 6:59:41 AM


ydwfonftxd ta&;,l&rnf jzpfonf?
txufyg0gus&Snfonf txl;jyKyk'f a&S›aemufvGJ+yD; OD;wnfcsufrwlonfh yk'fpk
wdk@udk 0dbwf rsm;ESifh qufxm;ojzifh em;vnfr_ r&Sif;rvif;jzpfaponf? trSefrSm -
- pmaypdppfa&;u xkwfjyefonfh rl0g'topfrsm;wGif pnf;urf;csuftopfrsm;
ESit hf wl ,cif&+dS y;D om;pnf;urf;csurf sm; jyefvnfyg0ifonfukd awG@&onf? xd@k jyif csrw S xf m;
onfh pnf;urf;csurf sm;ESiu hf u
kd n
f rD S a=umfjimvufc&H efjzpf+y;D wpHw
k &m rSm;,Gi;f onfh r*~Zif;
*sme,ftm; xkwfa0cGifhydwfonftxd ta&;,l&rnf jzpfonf?
xdkodk@ 0gus&Snfr_a=umifh t"dy`g,f a&maxG;aponfh Oyrmwck xyfjyygrnf?
Oyrm (4) -
- pmaypdppfa&;. pnf;urf;csurf sm;wGif aq;vdyEf iS hf trsK;d orD;pm;yGx J ;kd ac:aom
a=umfjimrsm;udk azmfjycGirhf jyKa=umif; azmfjyxm;+y;D Edik if jH cm;rS vmaom a=umfjimrsm;udk cdik rf mr_
&Srd &Sd ppfaq;&efEiS hf a=umfjim o±kyaf zmfyrkH sm;. teuft"dyg` ,u f kd &Si;f jy&rnf[k yg&adS =umif;
pHpk rf;od&&dS onf?
txufyg pma=umif;onf owif;tjzpfa&;&mY twefi,f&Snfvsm;onf[k
qdkEkdifygonf? trSef a&;&rnfrSm -
- pmaypdppfa&;. pnf;urf;csurf sm;wGif aq;vdyaf =umfjim ESihf trsK;d orD;pm;yGx J ;kd
ac:aom a=umfjimrsm;udk azmfjycGifhrjyKa=umif; yg&Sdonf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHjcm;rSvmaom
a=umfjimrsm;udk cdkifrmr_&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;&efESifh a=umfjim o±kyfazmfyHkrsm;. teuft"dy`g,fudk
&Sif;jy&rnf[kvnf; yg&Sda=umif; pHkprf;od&Sd&onf?
Oyrm (5) -
- ’u|eaf wmfonf vrf;ay:u jzpf&yfwckujkdrif&I pma&;q&mrif;&Sif a&;om;cJah om
vrf;ay:u 0wˆKww kd yk'u
f kd owd&vmygonf’ [laom0gusu t"dyg` ,±f y_ af xG;aeaponfukd
awG@&onf?
T0gusudk yk'ftxm;todk ae&mrajymif;bJ-
’u|efawmfonf vrf;ay:u jzpf&yfwckudk jrif&ygonf? TwGif pma&;q&m
rif;&Sif a&;om;cJhaom vrf;ay:u 0wˆKwdkwyk'fudk owd&vmygonf’ [lI 0guswdkESpfck
cGJa&;v#ifvnf; t"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;a=umif; awG@Ekdifygonf?
Oyrm (6) -
- 88 rsK;d qufausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk ppftpk;d &u zrf;qD;vdu k af yrJh jynfol
rsm;&J@ +ird ;f csr;f pGm qENjyyGrJ sm; qufvuf ay:ayguv f m+y;D aemufq;kH rSm oHCmawmfrsm;vnf;
yg0ifqENjyvm&mrSm ppftpkd;&u pufwifbmrSm t=urf;zufapmfum;+yD; ESdrfeif;wma=umifh

54 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 54 11/8/2007 6:59:41 AM


oHCmawmfrsm;u tm%mydkifrsm;eJ@ rqufqHa&; ywWeduUKZ…e uHaqmif oydwfarSmufawmf
rl=uygw,f?
txufazmfjyyg rvdt k yfbJ &Snv f sm;aeonfh 0gusuvnf; t"dyg` ,f r&Si;f rvif;
jzpfaeonfudk awG@&onf?
- 88rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk ppftpkd;&u zrf;qD;vdkufayrJh
jynfolrsm;&J@ +idrf;csrf;pGm qENjyyGJrsm; qufvuf ay:aygufvmaecJhygw,f? aemufydkif;rSm
oHCmawmfrsm;vnf; yg0ifqENjyvm&mrSm ppftpkd;&u pufwifbmvrSmawmh qENjyr_udk
t=urf;zufapmfum;+yD; ESdrfeif;cJhygw,f? tJ'DtwGuf oHCmawmfrsm;u tm%mydkifrsm;eJ@
rqufqHa&; ywWeduUKZ…e uHaqmif oydwfarSmufawmfrl=uygw,f?
tcsKyfqdkv#if rdrdqdkvdkcsuf &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jzpfapvdkv#if twwfEkdifqkH; 0gus
wdkwkda&;&ef/ rvGJra&SmifomI 0gus&Snf&Snf a&;&onfhtcgrsKd;wGifvnf; yk'ftxm;todk
tquftpyfukd txl;*±kjyK&ef vdktyfygonff?

0guszGJ@pnf;yHk rnD!Gwfjcif;
0gusrsm;udk zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg yk'ftxm;todk rSefuefa&;u ta&;}uD;ouJhodk@yif
zGJ@pnf;yHknD!Gwfjcif;onfvnf; ta&;}uD;onf? odk@rSom qdkvdkaomt"dy`g,fudk wdwdusus
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;azmfjyEdkifrnf?
zG@J pnf;yHn
k !
D w G jf cif;qdo
k nfrmS 0gus. tp tv,f tqH;k wd@k tcsi;f csi;f nD!w G f
onfh oabmjzpfonf? a&S@aemuftzGit hf ydwf nD!w
G jf cif;oabmvnf; yg0ifonf? zG@J pnf;yHk
rnD!Gwfv#if teuf ±_yfaxG;oGm;wwfonf?
Oyrm (1) -
‘xef;wufvkyfief;aygrsm;aom txuftnma'o ajrvwfydkif;&Sd jynfol@
aq;&Hkrsm;rS usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;onf cg;±dk;usdK;jcif;ESifh aygif±dk;usdK;jcif; vlemrsm; uko
jyKpjk cif; vkyif ef;rsm;udk u|r;f usipf mG wwfajrmufxm;&ef vdt k yfvyS gonf’ [laom 0guswiG f
cg;±dk;usdK;jcif;ESifh aygif±dk;usdK;jcif; vlemrsm;ukojyKpkjcif;[k ‘jcif;’udk rsKd;rwlbJ qufwdkuf
oHk;jcif;a=umifh t"dy`g,f r&Sif;vif;awmhbJ jzpfoGm;onfudk awG@Edkifonf? trSefrSm -
‘xef;wufvyk if ef;aygrsm;aom txuftnma'o ajrvwfyikd ;f &Sd jynfo@l aq;&Hk
rsm;rS usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;onf cg;±dk;usKd;aomvlemrsm;ESifh aygif±dk;usdK;aom vlemrsm;
ukojyKpkjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk u|rf;usifpGm wwfajrmufxm;&ef vdktyfvSygonf’ [lI
jzpf&rnf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 55

CE-BM-Final.indd 55 11/8/2007 6:59:41 AM


Oyrm (2) -
‘b0zlvHka&;/ tvªjyKEdkifa&;/ oef;ºuG,folaX; jzpfvdkv#if xDxdk;yg’ [laom
0gusrSmvnf; -
‘b0zlvHka&;/ tvª'ge jyKEdkifa&;/ oef;ºu,folaX; jzpfa&;twGuf xDxdk;yg’ [k
nD!GwfpGm a&;rSom t"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;ayonf?
Oyrm (3) -
- ayghqr_/ a&ul;tawG@t=uHKr&Sdr_ ESifh t&ufaopm aomufpm;xm;jcif;wdk@
a=umifh a&epfaoqHk;=u&jcif;jzpfonf[k oufqdkif&mu owday;csuf xkwfjyefxm;onf?
xd0k guswiG v
f nf; r_ ESihf jcif; wd@k [efcsurf nDaoma=umifh OD;wnf&m rwlouJo
h @kd
jzpfapygonf? trSefrSm -
‘ayghqr_/ a&ul;tawG@t=uHK r&Sdr_ ESifh t&ufaopm aomufpm;xm;r_wdk@
a=umifh a&epf aoqHk;=u&jcif;jzpfonf[k oufqdkif&mu owday;csuf xkwfjyefxm;onf’
[k nDnGwfpGm a&;&rnfjzpfonf?

r_ / r_ / jcif; (rSm;)
r_ / r_ / r_ (rSef)
jcif;/ jcif;/ jcif;(rSef)

0gustwGif; pum;vHk; vdkjcif; ydkjcif;


- jrefrmEdik if u
H vwfwavmjzpfysuaf ewJh tajctaeawGukd aemfa0;tpd;k &eJ@ tD;,l
uae wpHw k &m ta&;,l aqmif&u G af y;zd@k twGuf jrefrmhta&;v_y&f mS ;olawGu 'Drukd &ufwpf
jrefrmhtoH±;kH pkud &f m aemfa0Edik if H atmfpvdòk r@rSm 'Duae@ qENjyawmif;qdyk gw,f?
azmfjyyg 0gusrSm owif; oabmobm0t& pum;vHk;wcsdK@ vdkae ydkaeonfudk
awG@Edkifygonf?
vwfwavmjzpfysuaf ewJh tajctaeawGukd qdw k hJ azmfjycsuuf t"dyg` ,rf jynfph ykH g/
‘jidrf;csrf;pGm qENjyolawGudk ppftpdk;&u t=urf;zuf ESdrfeif;aewJh vwfwavm tajctae
awGeJ@ ywfoufvdk@’ uJhodk@ jynfhpHkatmif azmfjya&;om;oifhygonf?
xdk@tjyif ‘tD;,l’ tpm; ‘Oa&myor*~ (tD;,l)’ [k tjynfhtpHk azmfjy&ygrnf?
‘'Drdku&ufwpfjrefrmhtoH±Hk;pkduf&m’ [laom azmfjycsufuawmh t"duazmfjyvdkonfh
ta=umif;t&meSifh oufqdkifr_r&Sdwma=umifh (roufqdkif/ rvdktyfaoma=umifh) rvdktyfwJh/
ydkaewJh azmfjycsufomjzpfygonf? trSefrSm -

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CE-BM-Final.indd 56 11/8/2007 6:59:41 AM


‘jrefrmEdik if rH mS +ird ;f csr;f pGm qENjyolawGukd ppftpd;k &u t=urf;zuf ESrd ef if;aewJh vwfwavm
tajctaeawGeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ ta&;,l aqmif&Gufay;zdk@ aemfa0tpdk;&eJ@ Oa&myor*~
(tD;,l) wdk@udk aemfa0a&muf jrefrmhta&;v_yf&Sm;olawGu atmfpvdkòr@rSm 'Dae@ qENjy
awmif;qdkygw,f’ [k a&;Edkifygonf?
rvdktyfbJ ydkaeaom pum;vHk;rsm;a=umifh pm. qdkvdk&if;udk ±_yfaxG;ap+yD;
ta=umift&mudk azmif;yGapygonf?
Oyrm (1) -
‘aoqHk;olrsm;rSm oHCmawmfrsm;/ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;ESifh jynfolvlxkrsm;
jzpf+yD; tenf;qHk; vl 200 ausmfausmf aoqHk;onf[k cdkifvHkaom owif;&yfuGufrS owif;
&&Sdxm;ygonf’ [lonfh 0guswGifvnf; pum;vHk;tcsKd@ ydkaeonfudk xkwfy,fEdkifygonf?
‘oHCmawmfrsm;/ ausmif;om;rsm; tygt0if tenf;qHk; vlOD;a& 200 ausmf
aoqHk;onf[k owif;&&Sdxm;ygonf’ [k vdk&if;om ay:vGifatmif a&;oifhygonf?
Oyrm (2) -
‘c&D;onfwif ta0;ajy;um;*dwEf iS hf wGv J suf ukeu f m;}u;D rsm; &yfem;pcef;yg wGI
J
zGiv
hf pS x
f m;aoma=umifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS vmonfh um;}u;D rsm; &yfem;&ef ae&mtwGuf
tqifajyonfh tjyifæ’ [laom 0guswGif ‘wGJI’ rSm tydkpum;vHk; jzpfygonf?
Oyrm (3) -
- tck qufvuf+y;D use&f adS eao;onfh owif;rsm;udk (a':EkE)k u a=unmvdrrhf mS
jzpfygw,f?
xdk0guswGif ao; ESifh vdrfh u tydkjzpfonf?
Oyrm (4) -
‘,if;wd@k udk pdu k yf sK;d a&;wGif toH;k jyKa&;/ arG;jrLa&;wGif toH;k jyKa&;ESihf aqmufvyk af &;
vkyif ef;rsm;wGif toH;k jyK&ef wifoiG ;f cJjhcif;jzpfygonf’ [ka&;om;&mwGiv f nf; ‘toH;k jyKa&;’ [laom
pum;vH;k rsm; xyfumxyfum toH;k jyKxm;onfrmS tydo k ;kH rsm;yifjzpfonf? trSerf mS -
‘,if;wd@k udk pdu k yf sK;d a&;/ arG;jrLa&; ESihf aqmufvyk af &;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif toH;k jyK&ef
wifoGif;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf’ [k a&;Edkifonf?
Oyrm (5) -
- wm0efus &Jt&m&Sdu wpHkw&m ajzqdkzdk@ jiif;qdk oGm;cJhygw,f?
‘wpHkw&m’ [laomtoHk;onf t&Sdudk !¸efjyonfh pum;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh
ajz=um;jcif; tvsOf;r&Sdonfudk ajymvdkv#if ‘wpHkw&m’ udk xnfha&;&ef rvdkyg?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 57

CE-BM-Final.indd 57 11/8/2007 6:59:41 AM


xd@k jyif ‘jiif;qd’k onfvnf; t"dyg` ,t f &qdv k #if acsy jiif;qef ajymqdjk cif; jzpfonf?
tu,fI rnfo h nfph um;r# ajymjcif;r&Sb d J jiif;y,fonfqv kd #if jiif;qefonf[k oH;k jcif;u ydI k
oifah v#mrf eS u f efygonf?
xdk@a=umifh a&;oifhonf rSm -
- wm0efus &Jt&m&Sdu ajzqdkzdk@ jiif;qefcJhygw,f?

rjynfhpHkbJ vdkaeaom pum;vHk;rsm;a=umifh t"dy`g,f tm;aysmhaeonfh 0gusrsm;vnf;
&Sdonf?
Oyrm (1) -
- u|Eyfk w f @kd . aqmify'k of nf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &;/ xdyw f ukd &f ifqikd af &; r[kw?f
xdk0gusudk -
‘u|Eyfk w f @kd . aqmify'k of nf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &;omjzpf+y;D / xdyw f u kd &f ifqikd af &;
r[kwf’ [k jynfhpHkatmif a&;&rnf?
Oyrm (2) -
‘tck v (5) &uf a e@ &uf p G J e J @ a=unmcsuf w apmif x k w f j yef ’ [l a om
0guswGifvnf; wu,fwrf;yg&rnfjzpfonfh &ufpGJtwdtus rygonf udk awG@&onf?
‘pufwifbmv(5) &ufae@ &ufpGJeJ@ (pufwifbm (5) &ufpGJeJ@) a=unmcsuf
wapmif xkwfjyef’ [k jzpfoifhygonf?
Oyrm (3) -
- rJaqmuf qefvªyGJodk@ jrefrmvlrsKd; ESpfaomif;ausmf vma&muf=uonf?
- rJaqmuf qefvªyGJodk@ jrefrmvlrsKd; ESpfaomif;ausmfvma&muf+yD; qefESifh
pm;p&m rsm;udk ,l=uonf? (jrefrmEdkifiHom; ESpfaomif;ausmf [kqdku ydkrSefrnf?)
Oyrm (4) -
- ,if;tr_wGif teft,fvf'D rwW&mòr@e,f pnf;¶Hk;a&; 'k-OuUÏ OD;ndK}uD;onf
=uHhzGH@¶Hk;a&S›wGif *k%foduQmusqif;ap&ef +cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdkr_ jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (506)
'kwd,ydkif;jzifh axmif'%f 7 ESpf/ usef&Sdolrsm;udk yk'fr (506) 'kwd,ydkif; (114) OD;ndK}uD;
+cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdk&mwGif axmufcHr_jzifh axmif'%f 5 ESpfpD cscJhonf[k ‚u qdkonf?
txufyg0gusonf rvdt k yfbJ &Snv f sm;aeonft h jyif vdak eaom pum;vH;k rsm;
a=umifh t"dyg` ,±f y_ af xG;aeonfukd awG@&onf? vdak eaom pum;vH;k rsm;. ae&mudk atmuf
0guswGif =unfhyg?
- ,if;tr_wGif tift,fvf'D rwW&mòr@e,f pnf;¶Hk;a&; 'k-OuUÏ OD;ndK}uD;onf

58 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 58 11/8/2007 6:59:41 AM


=uHhzGH@¶Hk;a&S›wGif *k%foduQmusqif;ap&ef +cdrf;ajcmufajymqdkr_ jypfr_qdkif&m Oya' yk'fr(506)
'kwd,ydkif;jzifh axmif'%f 7 ESpf/ usef&Sdolrsm;udk yk'fr (506) 'kwd,ydkif; (114) OD;ndK}uD;
+cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdk&mwGif axmufcHr_jzifh axmif'%f 5 ESpfpD cscJhonf[k ‚u qdkonf?
a&;oifhonfrSm
- ,if;tr_wGif (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) teft,fvf'D (.) rwW&mòr@e,f
pnf;¶Hk;a&; 'k-OuUÏ OD;ndK}uD;onf =uHhzGH@(jynfcdkif+zdK;) ¶Hk;a&S›wGif *k%foduQmusqif;ap&ef
+cdrf;ajcmufajymqdkr_(a=umifh) jypfr_qdkif&m Oya' yk'fr(506) 'kwd,ydkif;jzifh axmif'%f 7
ESpf (csrSwfcH&jcif;jzpfonf?) (xdk@jyif) usef&Sdolrsm;udk yk'fr (506) 'kwd,ydkif; (114) (t&)
OD;ndK}uD;(u) +cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdk&mwGif axmufcH(cJh)r_jzifh axmif'%f 5 ESpfpD cscJhonf[k
‚u qdkonf?
Oyrm (5) -
- OD;oef;vGiu
f kd oHvufo;D jzifh xd;k oGm;olu =uzhH @HG (jynfcikd +f zKd ;) ¶H;k xJ ajy;0ifomG ;
onfudk OD;ndK}uD;u awG@&SdcJhaoma=umifh +cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdkcJhjcif;jzpfa=umif; od&onf?
txufyg0guswGifvnf; pum;vHk; vdkaeaoma=umifh/ t"dy`g,f r&Sif;vif;
jzpfaeonf? trSef jzpfoifhonfrSm -
- ‘OD;oef;vGifudk oHvufoD;jzifhxdk;+yD; xGufajy;oGm;ol =uHhzGH@ (jynfcdkif+zdK;) ¶Hk;xJ
ajy;0ifomG ;onfukd OD;ndK}u;D u awG@&Scd ahJ oma=umifh =uzhH @HG (jynfcikd +f zKd ;) ¶H;k a&Sw
› iG (f xd±k ;kH a&Sw
› iG )f
atmf[pf +cdrf;ajcmufcJhjcif; jzpfa=umif; od&onf?
Oyrm (6) -
- ,if;od@k oHvufo;D jzifh txd;k cHc&hJ +y;D w&m;pGcJ x H m;&ol OD;oef;vGif touf(70)
ESpfudk atmufwdkbm 2 &ufae@nu aetdrfY &Jrsm;u vma&muf zrf;qD; oGm;cJhonf?
xdk0gusonfvnf; vdkaeaompum;vHk;wdk@a=umifh vdktyfoavmuf t"dy`g,f
ray:vGifbJ &Sdonf? jzpfoifhonfrSm-
- ,if;odk@ oHvufoD;jzifh txdk;cHcJh&onfhtjyif w&m;pGJjcif;yg cHxm;&ol
OD;oef;vGif touf(70) ESpfudk atmufwdkbm 2 &ufae@ nu aetdrfY &Jrsm;u vma&muf
zrf;qD;oGm;cJhonf?
Oyrm (7) -
- pufwifbmvukeyf ikd ;f rSm +ird ;f csr;f pGm qENjywJh oHCmawmfrsm;eJ@ ausmif;om;rsm;
tygt0if jynforl sm;udk ypfcwf ±ku d Ef uS f n‡O;f yrf; +zKd cw JG ma=umifh &mcsaD oqH;k +y;D axmifcsD
zrf;qD;cHae&+yD jzpfygw,f?
txufyg 0guswGifvnf; ‘&mcsD / axmifcsD’ [laom toHk;rSm t&yfoHk;pum;

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CE-BM-Final.indd 59 11/8/2007 6:59:41 AM


qefae+yD; ‘vlOD;a& &mESifhcsDI aoqHk;+yD;/ axmifESifh csDI zrf;qD;cH ae&+yD’ [louJhodk@om ydkrdk
&Sif;vif;atmif a&;oifhygonf? xdk@jyif ‘ypfcwf ±kdufESuf n‡Of;yrf; +zdKcGJwma=umifh’ [laom
yk'fpkudkvnf; ‘t=urf;zufjzdKcGJwma=umifh’ [k uspfuspfvspfvspf azmfjyEdkifygonf?

yk'f txm;todk ae&mvGJjcif;


Oyrm (1) -
-tppfaq; cH=uae&ygw,f?
txufyg 0gusrSm ‘cHae’onf }ud,mt& jzpfpOfjytoHk;jzpf+yD; cGJxkwfI r&aom
}ud,mtwGJjzpfonf? ‘=u’rSm trsm;jy toHk;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh }ud,maemufrSmom
vdkuf&onf?
tppfaq; cHae=u&ygw,f? (trSef)
vkyfae&=uwm jzpfygw,f?
vkyfae=u&wm jzpfygw,f? (trSef)
Oyrm (2)
- aemufxyf t=urf;zufESdrfeif;r_ jzpfryGm;atmifæ
‘jzpfyGm;’onf vHk;wGJ}ud,m jzpfonf? xdk vHk;wGJ}ud,m=um;wGif tjiif;pum;vHk;
‘r’udk xnfhoGif;I r&yg/ xdk@a=umifh
‘aemufxyf t=urf;zufESdrfeif;r_ rjzpfyGm;atmifæ’ [kom a&;rSrSefonf?
xdkuJhodk@yif -
jzpfay: - jzpfray: (rSm;) - rjzpfay: (rSef)
=udK;pm; - óu;rpm; (rSm;) - róu;pm; (rSef)
cGJjcm; - cGJrjcm; (rSm;) - rcGJjcm; (rSef)
yifyef;- yifryef; (rSm;) - ryifyef; (rSef) - [k oHk;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf?
Oyrm (3)
- roif=um;ay;Edkifwmudk a0zefajymqdkoGm;ygw,f?
azmfjyyg0gusY tjiif;pum;vHk; ‘r’udk ae&mvGJxnfhxm;jcif; jzpfonf? trSefrSm
‘oif=um;’u oD;jcm;}u, d mwwGJ jzpf+y;D ‘ay;’rSm a&S}› u,
d mudk ydrk kd av;eufatmif axmufyhH
ay;aom }ud,maxmufjzpfonf?
‘r’ rSm }ud,maxmuf ‘ay;’ udk jiif;qefxm;aom tjiif;pum;vHk;jzpfI xdk
‘r’onf ‘ay;’ESifhom ydkI oufqdkifonf?

60 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 60 11/8/2007 6:59:42 AM


xdk@a=umifh ‘r’udk ‘ay;’ ESifhom uyfvsufoHk;v#if ydkI oifhawmfygonf?
- oif=um;ray;EdkifwmrsdK;udk a0zefajymqdkoGm;ygw,f?
xdkuJhodk@yif -
- rxdef;odrf;ay;Edkif - xdef;odrf;ray;Edkif (rSef)
- ryHhydk;ay;Edkifyg - yhHydk; ray;Edkifyg (rSef)
- rpHkprf;ay;Edkifygbl; - pHkprf;ray;Edkifygbl; (rSef)
- yvyfpwpfypPnf;rsm;udk rD;ESifheD;aomae&mwGif ruyfxm;&?
- yvyfpwpfypPnf;rsm;udk rD;ESifheD;aomae&mwGif uyfrxm;&? (rSef)

T o'Ngydkif;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;rSm owif;rD'D,mydkif;ESifh oifhawmfoa&G@/


vdktyfoa&G@udkom a&G;cs,f xkwfEkwf wifjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh jrefrmo'Ngusrf;
uJhodk@ tjynfhtpHk wifjyxm;jcif;r[kwfyg? owif;rD'D,mtwGuf toHk;wnfhap&efr#udkom
&nf&G,fygonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 61

CE-BM-Final.indd 61 11/8/2007 6:59:42 AM


usrf;udk;pm&if;

(1) jrefrmtbd"mef (jrefrmpmtzGJ@)


(2) ygVdouf jrefrm a0g[m& tbd"mef
(3) jrefrmo'Ng (jrefrmpmtzGJ@)
(4) jrefrmpmvHk;aygif; owfyHkusrf; (jrefrmpmtzGJ@)
(5) jrefrmpum; jrefrmpm±kyfyHkv$m (armifcifrif- "EkjzL)
(6) jrefrmpm jrefrmpum; (jrefrmpmtzGJ@)
(7) pme,fZif;ordkif; pmwef;rsm; -yxrwGJ (pmayAdrmef)
(8) owif;vdkufjcif; ESifh owif;a&;om;jcif; tajccHvufpGJ
The Indochina Media Memorial Foundation)
(9) toHv$ifhXmersm;
(10) tifwmeufpmrsufESmrsm;
(11) jynfwGif;jynfyxkwf jrefrm yHkESdyfpmtkyfpmwef;rsm;

62 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 62 11/8/2007 6:59:42 AM


yxrt}udrf yHkESdyfjcif;
2007 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv
jrefrmowif;or*~ Burma Media Association u xkwfa0onf?
National Endowment for Democracy tzGJ@u ukefuspm;&dwfuscHonf?

owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; 63

CE-BM-Final.indd 63 11/8/2007 6:59:42 AM


64 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;

CE-BM-Final.indd 64 11/8/2007 6:59:42 AM

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