Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
National
Qualications
EXEMPLAR PAPER ONLY
EP20/H/01
Geography
DateNot applicable
Duration2 hours and 15 minutes
Total marks60
SECTION 1PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS15 marks
Attempt ALL questions.
SECTION 2HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS15 marks
Attempt ALL questions.
SECTION 3GLOBAL ISSUES20 marks
Attempt TWO questions.
SECTION 4APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS10 marks
Attempt the question.
Credit will be given for appropriately labelled sketch maps and diagrams.
Write your answers clearly in the answer booklet provided. In the answer booklet you must
clearly identify the question number you are attempting.
Use blue or black ink.
Before leaving the examination room you must give your answer booklet to the Invigilator;
if you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.
*EP20H01*
MARKS
Question 1
The Lake District is an area of outstanding glaciated scenery which attracts an
increasingly high number of visitors each year, leading to environmental conflicts.
Explain the environmental conflicts that may occur due to this high influx of visitors.
Question 2
Study Diagram Q2.
Explain how human activities, such as those shown on Diagram Q2, can impact on the
hydrological cycle.
Deforestation
Mining
Irrigation
Human activities
Urbanisation
Dam building
Reservoirs
Question 3
For a podsol soil, explain the main conditions and soil-forming processes which have led
to its formation.
Page two
MARKS
Question 4
Beijing, like many developing world cities, suffers from severe traffic
congestion. It is estimated that commuting time has increased by 19% in the
last 5 years.
For Beijing, or any named city you have studied in the developing world, evaluate the
strategies employed to manage traffic congestion.
Question 5
With reference to a developed world city you have studied, explain the impact of recent
housing changes that have taken place in the inner city.
Question 6
Study Diagram Q6.
Explain the problems the Scottish Government may face as a result of the changes in
Scotlands population structure.
Diagram Q6: Scotlands population 2012
(Change from 1974 in brackets)
17%
(10%)
Working age
Pensioners
Children
20%
(+4%)
63%
(+6%)
Page three
MARKS
Question 7
River Basin Management
Page 5
Question 8
Development and Health
Page 6
Question 9
Global Climate Change
Page 7
Question 10
Page 8
Question 11
Energy
Page 9
Page four
MARKS
CANADA
Minneapolis
ns
tai
un
Mo
Denver
Mississippi
in
Memphis
a
nt
Mo
New Orleans
National Boundary
High Quality farmland
(b) Evaluate the social, economic and environmental benefits of a named water control
project you have studied.
Page five
MARKS
(b) Evaluate the effectiveness of some specific primary health care strategies
employed in developing countries you have studied.
Page six
MARKS
Page seven
MARKS
Population
(million)
GDP
per capita
(US $)
Exports
Imports
(billion US $) (billion US $)
Balance of
trade
(billion US $)
USA
319
52,800
1,575
2,273
698
Turkey
82
15,300
168
243
75
Nigeria
177
2,800
94
56
+38
China
1,356
9,800
2,210
1,950
+260
(b) Evaluate the effectiveness of trading alliances in attempting to reduce world trade
inequalities.
Page eight
MARKS
Question 11Energy
(a)
500
400
300
200
100
0
USA
Brazil
Norway
Italy
Germany
Country
HEP
Wind
Biomass/Waste
Solar
Geothermal
(b) Evaluate the effectiveness of any non-renewable source of energy you have studied,
in meeting the energy demands of a named country.
Page nine
MARKS
Question 12
Study the following resources:
Map Q12: Location of Chelson Meadow landfill site;
OS Map Q12: (Extract 2006/OL20: Plymouth);
Wind Rose Q12: Plymouth;
Information Q12: BBC Headline.
(a)
(b) Evaluate the social, economic and environmental impacts of the closure of this site.
Map Q12: Location of Chelson Meadow
Mount Gould
River
Plym
Chelson
Meadow
St Judes
Prince Rock
Laira
Bridge
Cattedown
Cattewater
Oreston
Plymstock
Page ten
5
5
MARKS
Question 12 (continued)
Wind Rose Q12: Plymouth
33+
20%
28-33
17-27
10%
11-16
5%
1-10
0%
Knots
Page eleven
MARKS
Question 12 (continued)
Information Q12: BBC Headline, August 2011
Acknowledgement of Copyright
Question 10(a), Table Q10
Data is taken from CIA World Fact book 2014. Public Domain.
Question 12(b) Article is adapted from Plymouths Chelson Meadow tip restored to
grassland, taken from BBC News, 16 August 2011. Reproduced by kind
permission of BBC News.
Page twelve
National
Qualications
EXEMPLAR PAPER ONLY
EP20/H/01
Geography
Marking Instructions
These Marking Instructions have been provided to show how SQA would mark this
Exemplar Question Paper.
The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only
on a non-commercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purpose, written permission
must be obtained from SQAs Marketing team on permissions@sqa.org.uk.
Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (ie secondary
copyright), this material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or
assessment. If it needs to be reproduced for any other purpose it is the users
responsibility to obtain the necessary copyright clearance.
Page two
Analyse
Analysis involves identifying parts, the relationship between them, and their relationships with the
whole. It can also involve drawing out and relating implications.
An analysis mark should be awarded where a candidate uses their knowledge and
understanding/a source, to identify relevant components (eg of an idea, theory, argument,
etc) and clearly show at least one of the following:
Where candidates are asked to analyse they should identify parts of a topic or issue and refer
to the interrelationships between, or impacts of, various factors, eg analyse the soil-forming
properties which lead to the formation of a gley soil. Candidates would be expected to refer
to how the various soil formatting properties contributed to the formation.
Evaluate
Where candidates are asked to evaluate, they should be making a judgement of the success,
failure, or impact of something based on criteria. Candidates would be expected to briefly
describe the strategy/project being evaluated before offering an evidenced conclusion.
Account for
Where candidates are being asked to account for, they are required to give reasons, often (but
not exclusively) from a resource, eg for a change in trade figures, a need for water
management, or differences in development between contrasting developing countries.
Discuss
These questions are looking for candidates to explore ideas about a project, or the impact of a
change. Candidates will be expected to consider different views on an issue/argument. This
might not be a balanced argument, but there should be a range of impacts or ideas within the
answer.
To what extent
This asks candidates to consider the impact of a management strategy or strategies they have
explored. Candidates would be expected to briefly describe the strategy/project being
evaluated before offering an evidenced conclusion. Candidates do not need to offer an overall
opinion based on a variety of strategies, but should assess each separately.
Page three
Question
1
Max
mark
5
Increased traffic congestion especially on narrow rural roads and in car parks
especially at peak holiday periods leading to increased air and noise
pollution. (1 mark)
Increased holiday home ownership which leaves rural areas empty during the
week or off peak leading to overgrown gardens. (1 mark)
Visitors/walkers wandering off identified paths leading to increased footpath
erosion especially on popular and easily accessible areas by roads. (1 mark)
Increased litter and the danger of animal wildlife choking on discarded plastic
bags. (1 mark)
Modern building not fitting into the landscape leading to visual pollution, eg
including hotels, leisure complexes, caravan sites. (1 mark)
Increased pollution impact on lakes, due to diesel pollution from water sports
and pleasure craft. (1 mark)
Use of jet skis and speedboats lead to bank erosion of beaches. (1 mark)
1 mark
Limited explanation the use of the names
of at least two factors with no development
of these.
2 marks
The use of the names of at least two factors
with development of these, but no other
reference to environmental conflicts.
or
Limited use of the names of at least two
factors, with at least two descriptive points
Page four
Question
Max
mark
Question
Max
mark
Thin, black and acidic humus (pH 354) produced from the slow
decomposition of coniferous needles and cones and cold climate. (1 mark)
There is limited bacterial activity caused by the cold climate which results
in the slow formation and hence thin/shallow soil. (1 mark)
Precipitation is greater than evaporation and/or snowmelt results in the
downward leaching of clays, humus, iron and aluminum resulting in an ash
grey A horizon. (1 mark)
An iron pan develops in the illuviation zone in the upper B horizon as a
result of the redeposition of iron and this can impede drainage, resulting in
waterlogging and gleying in the B horizon. (1 mark)
Due to the cold climate present for most of the year, there are few soil
biota to vertically mix the soil, so the horizons are well defined. (1 mark)
The C horizon parent material is generally of weathered (fluvio) glacial
material with a mixture of particle sizes and shapes. (1 mark)
Page six
Question
Max
mark
Page seven
Question
4
Max
mark
5
Odd and even last numbers on registration plates are allowed into the cities
on particular days. However wealthy residents have more than one car, ie a
car for either day. (1 mark)
Parking restrictions and fines have been increased to discourage people
from using on street parking therefore creating more space on narrow city
roads. (1 mark)
Multi-storey car parks/car stacking using high-tech equipment have been
built to reduce on street parking. However this may have the effect of
encouraging traffic into the city. (1 mark)
New roads seven new highways from Beijing are planned by 2015,
including the Beijing to Tibet Highway. This means that through traffic does
not need to travel into the city centre. (1 mark)
Road widening projects, for example on Wanshou Road, have also increased
the capacity of major routes into the city. (1 mark)
For candidates who write about Glasgow, possible answers might include:
Page eight
Question
Max
mark
The Clyde Gateway Project has transformed the housing stock and economic
opportunities for residents within inner city Glasgow (Bridgeton, Dalmarnock
and Parkhead) (1 mark), eg by building new social and private housing
(1 mark); clearing old industrial wasteland to provide new factory and
commercial space (1 mark); attracting new commercial investment, improved
transport facilities; and long term recreational space linked to the
Commonwealth games. (1 mark)
Local residents can now enjoy the new services of the local area, which
includes primary schools, shops and a community centre, the Dalmarnock
Legacy Hub. Improved sports facilities, including the velodrome, will also
bring benefits. (1 mark)
Improvements made to the local infrastructure, including the upgrading of
Dalmarnock train station and M74 access routes, will attract new investment.
(1 mark)
Local shops will benefit from the increase in income, and it is hoped that the
area will benefit from an additional 20,000 jobs by 2028. (1 mark)
Question
Max
mark
Page ten
Question
7
Max
mark
4
Question
Max
mark
Page twelve
Question
8
Max
mark
4
Some countries have natural resources that they can sell to help generate
money and improve their standard of living and level of development
(1 mark) eg oil in Saudi Arabia/Brunei/UAE; or tropical hardwoods, copper,
tin and iron ore in Brazil; or gold and diamonds in South Africa. (1 mark)
Newly industrialising countries such as China, South Korea or Taiwan have
been able to attract manufacturing industries by offering a large, low-cost
labour pool, and so have increased their level of development. (1 mark)
Government policies such as banning trade unions and so reducing the risk of
strikes have also made some countries more attractive for manufacturing
industries. (1 mark)
The lack of strict pollution laws has also made some countries more
attractive for manufacturing industries. (1 mark)
Some countries have more potential for tourism than others, which earns
foreign currency, creates job opportunities and helps improve that countrys
level of development for example beaches in Jamaica; coral reefs in
Kenya; safari opportunities in Botswana etc. (1 mark)
Widespread corruption and mismanagement have hindered the development
of many developing countries with money destined to improve living
conditions of the people often being intercepted and spent elsewhere.
(1 mark)
Political instability and civil wars (for example in Syria and Iraq in 2014) can
destroy the infrastructure needed for an adequate standard of living.
(1 mark)
It also stops development in the area as money is spent on weapons rather
than improving the standard of living, and there are no job opportunities or
ways for local people to make money. (1 mark)
Many countries repeatedly suffer natural disasters which destroy
infrastructure and wipe out efforts for development for example drought in
sub Saharan Africa; floods in Pakistan/Bangladesh; hurricanes in the
Caribbean; earthquakes in Haiti/Iran; or tsunamis in Indonesia. (1 mark)
Some countries are very mountainous which makes building and attracting
investment more difficult for example Nepal. (1 mark)
Some countries have a very hot and dry climate, which can cause
Page thirteen
Question
Max
mark
The use of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) has been particularly effective
because:
it is an easy, cheap and effective method of treating dehydration
through diarrhoea allowing even the poorest developing country to
tackle this health problem. (1 mark)
the World Health Organization estimates that ORT saves about
1 million babies each year in developing countries. (1 mark)
Small-scale health projects (such as building clean water supplies and pit
latrines) can be effective because:
using local labour and building materials for these projects reduces
Page fourteen
Question
Max
mark
Page fifteen
Max
mark
Question
9
Scientists at Cardiff University have discovered that periods of low sun spot
activity corresponded with colder ocean currents. (1 mark)
Solar activity: variations in solar energy and sun spot activity can alter global
temperatures. Scientists have shown that variations in sun spot activity
follow an 11-year pattern. (1 mark)
This caused high pressure to build in the North Atlantic Ocean, blocking of
warmer ocean currents, and subsequently caused more extreme winters, in
2010 and 2013. (1 mark)
In the current cycle, a peak in sun spot activity was anticipated in 2013, but
in fact there was more sun spot activity in 2011. (1 mark)
Changes in the Earths orbit and tilt: Milankovitchs research suggested that
every 41,000 years there is a change in the tilt of the Earths axis. A greater
tilt means more sunlight in polar regions and colder temperatures. (1 mark)
Over a 97,000 year cycle, the Earths orbit stretches from circular to
eliptical, affecting the amount of energy received. (1 mark)
Ice cap/sheet melting: Melting of ice caps releases additional fresh water
into the oceans, which in turn alters oceanic circulation with cold and warm
ocean currents being affected. (1 mark)
Page sixteen
Question
Max
mark
Question
Max
mark
effectiveness.
Page eighteen
Question
10
Max
mark
4
10
Question
Max
mark
Page twenty
Energy
General marking principles for this
type of question
Question
11
Max
mark
4
11
Question
Max
mark
Page twenty-two
Max
mark
Question
12
12
Question
Max
mark
(1 mark)
Fewer refuse lorries on the roads to the site leading to fewer emissions, less
accidents and less noise for residents. (1 mark)
Increase in use of nearby tourist/leisure attractions, for example Golf
Driving range (532,543)/Hayes Road Nursery (garden centre) (534,544).
(1 mark)
Page twenty-four