Obesity

By
Bosede A
Christiana I
Honorine M

Objectives

By the end of this presentation, the audience will be able to

Identify background overview
Identify diagnosis of childhood obesity
Identify the presenting signs/symptoms and assessment
Identify the management
Identify the NPs role
Identify the future implementation and benefits

Background
Body Mass Index equal to or greater 95th percentile OR
''abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a
risk to health'' (CDC, 2014).
Childhood obesity has more than doubled in the past 30
years from 7% in 1980 to 18% in 2012 among children
between the ages of 6-11 (CDC, 2014)
An obese child has a 70% chance of becoming an obese
adult (Fletcher, Cooper, Helms, Northingtion, & Winters,
2009)
1/3 of American children who are overweight or obese,
are at an increased risk for obesity-related health
problems (Koh, 2010; Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention).

Background Cont
80% teens do not eat fruits and veg, 63% do < the
recommended 60min/day, 5days/wk of physical
activities, 33% watch >3hrs of TV, 25% spend > 3hrs on
nonacademic computer and game activities (CDC,
2013)
Hospitalizations associated with obesity in children
increased from 2.1% from 1981 to 4.8% during 19971999,costing society about $150 billion every year
(Orszag, 2010; Trasande & Elbel, 2012 ).
The current First Lady of the U.S, Michelle Obama, has
directly acknowledged this epidemic and launched a
national campaign in February 2010 (Stolberg, 2010).

Diagnosing Childhood obesity

Risk factors
Genetics
Environment: Diet and exercise
Socioeconomic factors
Physiological
Other medical conditions
Family history

Screening Test
BMI
History of dietary behavior, physical activities, family history
PE: BP , distribution of adiposity, comorbidities
Test: Fasting lipid level, thyroid function test, AST and ALT,
fasting serum glucose

S/S and Assessment

S/S
Weight increase
Failure to achieve substantial weight loss
Complications: pulmonary, cardiac, GI, endocrine, neuro,
orthopedic, dermatology and psychiatric

Differential diagnosis
Acromegaly
Ascites
Cushing Syndrome
Hirsutism

Management
Life style modification
Self-monitoring of caloric intake and physical activity, goal
setting, stimulus control, nonfood rewards, relapse prevention

Weight loss programs

Pharmacological
Bupropion and Naltrexone (impairs dietary intake)
Orlistat (impairs dietary absorption and ONLY approved med
for adolescents in the US)
Belviq (increase energy absorption)

Surgery
Bariatric surgery

Role of the Nurse Practitioner

Routine assessment
Identify Children at Risk
Proactively discuss healthy lifestyle behaviors
Involve parents
Behavioral Modification Counseling
Know your community resources
Advocacy Get involved in the following areas:
opportunities for physical activities, food supply and food
drive, research and pilot projects

Future implementations and

benefits
Practice
Health care professionals are required address human
responses to actual and potential health
Promote and maintain good nutrition and healthy body
weight and assessment for early identification of children
who are at risk or who are already overweight
2. Research
3. Policy development
Polices to safeguard children, families and strained
Healthcare system
One policy that could be lobbied for by healthcare
professionals is regulation of TV commercials, WIC program

Questions