ATQT-BG10-Danh Gia Rui

AN TON
QU
TRNH
PHN 10: NH GI RI
RO
(RISK ASSESSMENT)
GII THIU
NH GI RI RO (RISK
ASSESSMENT) BAO GM:
+ NHN DIN NGUY C:
@TAI NN XY RA NH TH NO?
@ XC SUT XY RA?
+ PHN TCH HU QU:
@THNG TT, T VONG
@THIT HI MI TRNG V TI SN
@THIT HI CHO SN XUT
2
GII THIU
NH GI RI RO (RISK ASSESSMENT)
BAO GM:
+ CU TRC CY S KIN (EVENT TREE)
+ CU TRC CY SAI LM (FAULT TREE)
+ PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA:
LAYER OF PROTECTION ANALYSIS)
+ PHN TCH NH LNG RI RO (QRA:
QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS)
3
L THUYT XC SUT
NGUYN TC
- SAI LM CA THIT B XY RA PH
THUC VO QUAN H GIA NHIU
YU T THNH PHN
- XC SUT TNG XY RA SAI LM
PH THUC VO MI QUAN H NY
- XC NH XC SUT XY RA SAI LM
DA TRN CC MI QUAN H NY
4
L THUYT XC SUT
XC SUT KHNG XY RA SAI LM:
+ = SUT SAI LM TRUNG BNH
THEO THI GIAN, SAI LM/THI GIAN
+ R(t) TIN CY TRONG KHONG
THI GIAN 0 N t
XC SUT XY RA SAI LM
5
L THUYT XC SUT
HM S MT SAI LM:
+ DIN TCH PHN NM DI

NG CONG MT = 1
XC SUT XY RA 1 SAI LM T
THI GIAN t0 N t1
L THUYT XC SUT
L THUYT XC SUT
L THUYT XC SUT
THI GIAN GIA HAI SAI LM
(MTBF: MEAN TIME BETWEEN
FAILURES)
TT C CC PHNG TRNH NY
U DA TRN IU KIN =
HNG S
9
L THUYT XC SUT
-
10
L THUYT XC SUT
MI LIN H TRONG QUI TRNH CNG NGH
+ TRONG NH MY HO CHT, SAI LM XY RA
DO S KT HP PHC TP CA NHIU YU T
CNG NGH
+ XC SUT XY RA SAI LM C TNH T
CC XC SUT CA TNG YU T TU MI
LIN H
+ C HAI LOI LIN H:
- LIN H SONG SONG
- LIN H NI TIP
11
L THUYT XC SUT
MI LIN H SONG SONG
+ CC NGUYN NHN PHI XY RA
NG THI
+ C TH C BIU DIN BNG
TON T LUN L V (AND)
+ XC SUT TNG XY RA SAI LM:
12
L THUYT XC SUT
MI LIN H NI TIP
+ CC NGUYN NHN KHNG CN PHI
XY RA NG THI, CH CN 1 L
XY RA
+ C TH C BIU DIN BNG TON
T LUN L HOC (OR)
+ XC SUT TNG XY RA SAI LM:
HAY
13
L THUYT XC SUT
14
L THUYT XC SUT
15
L THUYT XC SUT
16
L THUYT XC SUT
17
L THUYT XC SUT
V D 1: DNG NC LM MT CHO
THIT B PHN NG C IU
KHIN THEO S
18
L THUYT XC SUT
V D 1:
- XC NH GI TR TNG CA:
+ SUT SAI LM,
+ TIN CY,
+ KHNG TIN CY V
+ MTBF
19
L THUYT XC SUT
LI GII:
- CC THIT B LIN KT THEO S NI
TIP
- CH CN MT THIT B SAI LM S DN
N SAI LM TON H THNG
- CC THIT B C TH SAI LM:
+ VAN IU KHIN
+ THIT B IU KHIN
+ CM BIN CHNH LCH P SUT (DP
CELL)
20
L THUYT XC SUT
CU T
VAN IU
KHIN
TB IU
KHIN
CM BIN
P SUT
SUT SAI
LM/NM
TIN
CY R
0.6
0.55
KHNG
TIN CY
P
0.45
0.29
0.75
0.25
1.41
0.24
0.76
21
L THUYT XC SUT
- TIN CY TNG:
- XC SUT SAI LM TNG

- SUT SAI LM TNG
22
L THUYT XC SUT
V D 2: H THNG AN TON CHO MT
THIT B PHN NG C BIU DIN
THEO S
23
L THUYT XC SUT
V D 2: TRONG TRNG HP P
SUT CAO
- XC NH GI TR TNG CA:
+ SUT SAI LM,
+ TIN CY,
+ KHNG TIN CY V
+ MTBF
24
L THUYT XC SUT
LI GII:
- LIN KT THEO S SONG SONG
- NGUY HIM P SUT CAO CH XY RA
KHI SAI LM NG THI BO NG
CAO P V TT DNG KHI CAO P
+ CNG TC P SUT 1 V 2
+ HIN TH BO NG
+ VAN SOLENOID
25
L THUYT XC SUT
CU T
CNG TC
P SUT 1
HIN TH
BO
NG
CNG TC
P SUT 2
SUT SAI
LM/NM
TIN
CY R
0.14
0.87
KHNG
TIN CY
P
0.13
0.044
0.96
0.04
0.14
0.87
0.13
26
L THUYT XC SUT
H THNG BO NG, LIN KT
L NI TIP
- TIN CY:
- XC SUT SAI LM
- SUT SAI LM
-
27
L THUYT XC SUT
H THNG NGT LIN KT CNG
L NI TIP
- TIN CY:
- XC SUT SAI LM
- SUT SAI LM
-
28
L THUYT XC SUT
H THNG CHUNG LIN KT SONG
SONG
- XC SUT SAI LM :
- TIN CY
- SUT SAI LM
-
29
L THUYT XC SUT
SAI LM N V SAI LM BC L:
+ SAI LM BC L: SAI LM C TH
THY C MT CCH R RNG
+ SAI LM N: SAI LM KHNG TH
THY R, PHI KIM TRA MI BIT,
HOC N KHI XY RA MI BIT
V D: TNH TRNG LP XE (BC L)
V LP D PHNG (N)
30
L THUYT XC SUT- SAI LM BC

L
- SAI LM N V SAI LM BC L:
+ SAI LM BC L: SAI LM C TH
THY R RNG
+ SAI LM N: SAI LM KHNG TH
THY R, CH N KHI XY RA MI
BIT
V D: TNH TRNG LP XE V LP D
PHNG
31
L THUYT XC SUT- SAI LM BC

L
- THI GIAN SA CHA TRUNG BNH:
- THI GIAN VN HNH TRUNG BNH:
- MC SN SNG:
- MC KHNG SN SNG:
32
L THUYT XC SUT- SAI LM N

- THI GIAN SA CHA TRUNG BNH:
- THI GIAN VN HNH TRUNG BNH:
- MC SN SNG:
- MC KHNG SN SNG:
33
L THUYT XC SUT- SAI LM N

- MC KHNG SN SNG:
VI
NN
HAY
NU
- MC SN SNG:
GN NG:
34
L THUYT XC SUT
V D 3: TNH MC SN SNG V
KHNG SN SNG CHO H THNG
BO NG V H THNG NGT CA
V D TRC, GI S KIM TRA HNG
THNG V THI GIAN SA CHA
KHNG NG K
LI GII:
C HAI H THNG U THUC LOI C
SAI LM N
35
L THUYT XC SUT
LI GII:
VI H THNG BO NG =0.18
CHU K KIM TRA i=1/12=0.083 NM
NN
NU GII CHNH XC U=0.0075
36
L THUYT XC SUT
LI GII:
VI H THNG NGT =0.55
CHU K KIM TRA i=1/12=0.083 NM
NN
NU GII CHNH XC U=0.0226

37
L THUYT XC SUT
XC SUT CA S NG THI
- S C CH XY RA KHI NG THI
XY RA SAI LM CA NHIU YU T
- V D TRONG H PHN NG TRC
: S C XY RA KHI NG THI
THIT B PHN NG B TNG P V
C HAI H THNG BO NG V
NGT U B HNG
38
L THUYT XC SUT
XC SUT CA S NG THI
- GI S TRONG KHONG THI GIAN T i
XY RA pd LN H THNG B NGUY HIM
- TN S XY RA KHI L
- TN S TRUNG BNH XY RA NG
THI KHI
L
39
L THUYT XC SUT
XC SUT CA S NG THI
- NU SUT SAI LM NH KHI TA
C
- THI GIAN GIA HAI S C NG

THI XY RA KHI L
40
L THUYT XC SUT
V D 4:
XT H THNG PHN NG TRC ,
GI S S C P SUT CAO XY RA
1 LN MI 14 THNG. TNH GI TR
MTBC CHO HIN TNG P SUT
CAO V H THNG NGT Gi S
KIM TRA THIT B HNG THNG
41
L THUYT XC SUT
LI GII:
- TN S P SUT CAO L
- VI H THNG NGT
- KHI
42
L THUYT XC SUT
S D THA TNG AN TON
- NHM VN HNH H THNG BNH
THNG KHI C 1 B PHN NO
KHNG HOT NG
- THIT K D THA: TNG S LNG
CA THIT B O, PHNG N CNG
NGH, THIT B THC HIN IU KHIN
- MC D THA PH THUC NGUY
C CNG NGH V THIT HI KINH T
TIM N
43
L THUYT XC SUT
CC SAI LM KIU HNG LOT
- L SAI LM CA MT B PHN GY
RA HNG LOT SAI LM CHO CC B
PHN KHC
- V D H THNG IN HOC KH
NN
- KHI THIT K CN CH NG
TRNH HIN TNG NY
44
CU TRC CY S KIN
NGUYN TC
- BT U T MT S KIN KHI
U CHO N KHI T KT QU
CUI CNG
- XC NH C CCH THC XY
RA V XC SUT XY RA S KIN
- XT NH HNG CA MT S KIN
XY RA V KO THEO CC H THNG
AN TON KHC
45
CU TRC CY S KIN
CC BC PHN TCH
(1) XC NH S KIN KHI U
(2) XC NH CHC NNG AN TON
C THIT K CHO S KIN NY
(3) XY DNG CU TRC CY S
KIN
(4) M T CHUI CC S KIN XY
RA
46
CU TRC CY S KIN
CC BC PHN TCH
KIN
RA
47
CU TRC CY S KIN
XY DNG CU TRC CY:
(1) S KIN KHI U: MT CHT LM
MT
(2) 4 CHC NNG AN TON XEM XT:
- BO NG NHIT CAO
- NGI VN HNH NHN RA NHIT
CAO
- NGI VN HNH KHI NG LI
CHT LM MT
- NGI VN HNH NGT THIT B PHN
48
NG
CU TRC CY S KIN
XY DNG CU TRC CY:
KIN NH HNH PHA SAU
RA: C TNG CNG 9 S KIN XY
RA TU THUC S KT HP CA 4
CHA NNG AN TON
49
CU TRC CY S KIN
1
2
CC BC PHN TCH
3
4
5
6
(3) XY DNG CU TRC CY S 7
KIN
8
(4) M T CHUI CC S KIN XY9
RA
50
CU TRC CY S KIN
M T CHUI CC S KIN XY RA:
(1)S KIN 1: MT NC LM MT C
BO NG NHIT CAO KHI
NG LI H THNG LM MT
KHNG TT H THNG PHN NG
HOT NG TIP TC
(2)S KIN 2: MT NC LM MT C
BO NG NHIT CAO KHNG
KHI NG LI H THNG LM MT
TT H THNG PHN NG NGNG
51
HOT NG
CU TRC CY S KIN
(3) S KIN 3: MT NC LM MT C
BO NG NHIT CAO KHNG
THIT B PHN NG B MT KIM SOT
(4) S KIN 4: MT NC LM MT
KHNG C BO NG NHIT CAO
NGI VN HNH NHN RA NHIT
CAO KHI NG LI H THNG
LM MT KHNG TT H THNG
PHN NG HOT NG TIP TC 52
CU TRC CY S KIN
NGI VN HNH NHN RA NHIT CAO
KHNG KHI NG LI H THNG LM
MT TT H THNG PHN NG
NGNG HOT NG
NGI VN HNH NHN RA NHIT CAO
KHNG KHI NG LI H THNG LM
MT KHNG TT H THNG PHN NG
53
THIT B PHN NG MT KIM SOT
CU TRC CY S KIN
KHNG C BO NG NHIT
CAO NGI VN HNH KHNG
NHN RA NHIT CAO KHI
NG LI H THNG LM MT
HOT NG TIP TC
54
CU TRC CY S KIN
KHNG C BO NG NHIT
CAO NGI VN HNH KHNG
NHN RA NHIT CAO KHNG
TT H THNG PHN NG
NGNG HOT NG
55
CU TRC CY S KIN
KHNG C BO NG NHIT
CAO NGI VN HNH KHNG
NHN RA NHIT CAO KHNG
KHNG TT H THNG PHN
NG THIT B PHN NG MT
KIM SOT
56
CU TRC CY S KIN
CC BC PHN TCH
KIN
M T CHUI CC S KIN XY
C(4)
THM
H RA
THNG
NGT
NHIT
57
CU TRC CY SAI LM
KHI U: T CNG NGH KHNG
GIAN
S DNG NHIU NHT: TRONG NH
MY IN HT NHN
PHT TRIN: CHO CC NH MY HO
CHT T KINH NGHIM CA NH MY
HT NHN
S DNG: MY TNH TNH TON V
CU TRC PHC TP DO NHIU YU T
V NH HNG CC YU T LN NHAU
58
CU TRC CY SAI LM
NGUYN TC: XC NH CCH THC
T NGUY C TO RA TAI NN
V D: BNH XE B XP DO (1) CN ,
INH(2) DO BNH B HNG
S KIN C BN: KHNG TH XC
NH G THM: LI XE VO NG
S KIN TRUNG GIAN: C TH XC
NH THM S KIN KHC: LP MN
HOC LP B KHUYT TT HOC HNG
VI BM
59
CU TRC CY SAI LM
V D:
60
CU TRC CY SAI LM
C IM: CU TRC CY SAI LM
KHNG GII HN CU TRC PHN
CNG CA THIT B M C TH DO
PHN MM, DO CON NGI, DO MI
TRNG TC NG
CC TON T S DNG: KHI XY
DNG CU TRC CY SAI LM, S
DNG CC TON T A RA MI
LIN H (XEM HNH SAU)
61
CU TRC CY SAI LM
TRNG TC NG
LIN H (XEM HNH SAU)
62
CU TRC CY SAI LM
TRNG TC NG
LIN H (XEM HNH SAU)
63
CU TRC CY SAI LM
CC BC THC HIN TRC KHI
XY DNG CU TRC CY SAI
LM:
(1)XC NH S KIN GC
(2)XC NH CC S KIN TN TI KHI
S KIN GC XY RA
(3)XC NH CC S KIN KHNG
C PHP XY RA
(4)XC NH CC RNG BUC VT L
CA QU TRNH
64
CU TRC CY SAI LM
CC BC THC HIN TRC KHI
XY DNG CU TRC CY SAI
LM:
(5) XC NH CU HNH THIT B.
TRNG THI THIT B: NG/MMC-BNH THNG/KHNG BNH
THNG
(6) XC NH CP GII QUYT: CHI
TIT N MC NO?
65
CU TRC CY SAI LM
CC BC THC HIIN KHI XY DNG CU
TRC CY SAI LM:
(1) V V K HIU S KIN GC
(2) XC NH CC S KIN CHNH TO NN S
KIN GC: XC NH CHNG THUC LOI NO:
C BN, TRUNG GIAN, CHA PHT TRIN HOC
THUC BN NGOI
(3) LIN KT CHNG BNG CC TON T THCH
HP (NU KHNG C LIN H NO VI S KIN
GC, C NGHA N L S KIN MI
(4) PHT TRIN N TRNG THI S KIN C
BN, KHNG PHT TRIN HOC THUC BN
66
NGOI
CU TRC CY SAI LM
V D 5: XEM XT LI H THNG BO
NG V NGT BNG CU TRC CY
SAI LM
67
CU TRC CY SAI LM
LI GII: CU TRC CY SAI LM
BC 1: XC NH VN
(1)S KIN GC: H HNG TB PHN NG
V QU P
(2)S KIN TN TI: P SUT CAO TRONG
TB
(3)S KIN KHNG CHO PHP: H HNG
TB KHUY, IN, DY DN, BO, LC
XOY, BO IN T
(4)RNG BUC VT L: THEO TB TRONG
HNH
68
CU TRC CY SAI LM
BC 1: XC NH VN
(5) CU HNH THIT B: VAN SOLENOID
M, DNG NHP LIU HOT NG
(6) CP GII QUYT: THEO HNH TB
69
CU TRC CY SAI LM
BC 1: XC NH VN
70
CU TRC CY SAI LM
XC NH CC B S KIN TI THIU:
- L BC U TIN KHI BT U TNH
TON CU TRC CY SAI LM
- NH NGHA: L CC B S KIN C
TH DN N S KIN GC
- XC SUT XY RA CC B S KIN TI
THIU TU THUC S LNG S KIN
CU THNH, BN CHT S KIN (CON
NGI, PHN CNG)
- CC B C XC SUT CAO CN XEM XT
71
CN THN
CU TRC CY SAI LM
V D 6: XC NH CC B S KIN
TI THIU CHO H THNG
72
CU TRC CY SAI LM
LI GII:
BC 1: K HIU CC CNG BNG CH
V CC S KIN C BN BNG S
BC 2: DUYT T TRN XUNG
- CNG V (AND) C THAY TH
BNG CC CT CA CNG HAY S
KIN TO THNH N
- CNG HOC (OR) C THAY TH
BNG CC HNG CA CNG HAY S
KIN TO NN N
73
CU TRC CY SAI LM
LI GII:
BC 3: N KHI GP S KIN C
BN CA TT C CC HNG V CT
TH:
- CC B S KIN TI THIU CHNH
L S HNG
- MI HNG L MT B BAO GM
CU T L CC CT
74
CU TRC CY SAI LM
CC B L: (1,3)-(2,3)-(1,4)-(2,4)
75
CU TRC CY SAI LM
TNH TON NH LNG S DNG
CU TRC CY SAI LM
CCH 1:
- DA VO CU TRC CY TNH T
S KIN C BN (HOC S KIN
CHA PHT TRIN HOC S KIN
BN NGOI) CHO N KHI GP S
KIN GC
- TON T HN CH (INHIBIT) XEM
NH TON T V
76
CU TRC CY SAI LM
BC 1: XC NH VN
77
CU TRC CY SAI LM
CCH 2:
- DA VO B CC S KIN TI
THIU
- V D TRC VI 4 B S KIN
TA C
78
CU TRC CY SAI LM
NHC IM CA CU TRC CY SAI LM:
- VI QU TRNH PHC TP, LNG TNH
TON V CNG VIC RT LN
- KHNG TH CHC CHN XEM XT Y
MI TRNG HP
- CN I NG C KINH NGHIM CAO
- KHNG XEM XT N H HNG TNG PHN
- KHNG XT N QUAN H GIA CC CU
T
- NGI THC HIN KHC NHAU S TO CU
79
CU TRC CY SAI LM
NHC IM CA CU TRC CY
SAI LM:
- NGI THC HIN KHC NHAU S
TO CU TRC CY KHC NHAU DN
N XC SUT TNH C KHC
NHAU
- NU DNG CU TRC TNH
TON XC SUT TNG TH CN PHI
C XC SUT CA TNG S KIN M
CHA CHC C
80
CU TRC CY SAI LM
U IM CA CU TRC CY SAI LM:
- BT U T S KIN GC L S KIN
C QUAN TM BI NGI DNG
KHC VI PHNG PHP CU TRC CY
S KIN: XEM XT TT C
- XC NH B S KIN TI THIU NN
C TH CUNG CP CCH THC TO RA
SAI LM V C TH TNG TNH AN TON
BNG CCH TO B S KIN NHIU CU
T (>4) GIM XC SUT SAI LM
81
CU TRC CY SAI LM
U IM CA CU TRC CY SAI
LM:
- C TH S DNG MY TNH: TNG
HIU QU TNH TON V THC HIN
82
CU TRC CY SAI LM
MI LIN H GIA CU TRC CY S
KIN V CU TRC CY SAI LM:
- CU TRC CY S KIN BT U T
S KIN KHI U V T TIN V
S KIN GC (PHNG PHP QUY NP)
- CU TRC CY SAI LM BT U T
S KIN GC V T TIN V S KIN
KHI U (PHNG PHP DIN DCH)
- S KIN KHI U L NGUYN NHN
- S KIN GC L HU QU U RA
83
QRA V LOPA
QUAN IM: RI RO L TNG HP CA
XC SUT XY RA S KIN, V HU
QU CA S KIN
NH GI RI RO THC S S DNG:
-PHNG PHP PHN TCH RI RO
NH LNG (QRA: QUANTITATIVE
RISK ANALYSIS)
-PHNG PHP PHN TCH BO V
THEO LP (LOPA: LAYER OF
PROTECTION ANALYSIS)
84
QRA V LOPA
QUAN IM CC CNG TY: T RA
MC RI RO CHP NHN C
V KHNG
THC HIN: XC
NH TN SUT
XY RA RI RO
BNG S KT HP
HAI PHNG PHP
CU TRC CY S
KIN V CU TRC
CY SAI LM
85
PHN TCH RI RO NH LNG

(QRA)
BN CHT: XC NH NI C TH
HON THIN V VN HNH, CNG
NGH, QUN L GIM RI RO
C IM: MC PHC TP PH
THUC VO MC TIU V THNG TIN
C SN
C LI CH TT NHT: KHI S DNG
TRONG GIAI ON BAN U CA D
N HOC GIAI ON VN HNH D N
MC TIU: NH GI RI RO TON B
86

(QRA)
U IM: NH GI RI RO TiM N
M CC PHNG PHP KHC
KHNG XC NH R C
HIU QU KHI: NH GI CC CHIN
LC GIM RI RO THAY CHO H
THNG C
87

(QRA)
CC BC THC HIN QRA:
(1)XC NH CC CHUI S KIN TIM
N V CC S C TIM N
(2)NH GI CC HU QU KHI XY
RA S C (DNG M HNH KHUYCH
TN V M HNH CHY N)
(3)C LNG CC TN SUT CA
S KIN TIM N (S DNG CC
CU TRC CY)
88

(QRA)
CC BC THC HIN QRA:
(4)C LNG TC NG NH HNG
CA S C N CON NGI, MI
TRNG, TI SN
(5)C LNG RI RO BNG CCH KT
HP CC TC NG NH HNG V
TN SUT CA S KIN TIM N (S
DNG CC CU TRC CY)
L QU TRNH TNG I PHC TP
I HI THI GIAN V NGUN H
89
TR!
PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

BN CHT:
- L CNG C BN NH LNG CHO
PHN TCH V NH GI RI RO
- L PHNG PHP N GIN HO
C TRNG HO HU QU V
C LNG TN SUT
- THM CC LP BO V CHO QU
TRNH GIM TN SUT RI RO
90

CC LP BO V:
- AN TON T TNH
- IU KHIN H THNG
- CC CHC NNG CHO THIT B BO
V
- CC THIT B TH NG: ,
TNG N
- CC THIT B CH NG: VAN X
- CAN THIP YU T CON NGI
91

CC LP BO V:
- AN TON T TNH
- IU KHIN H THNG
- CC CHC NNG CHO THIT B BO
V
- CC THIT B TH NG: ,
TNG N
- CC THIT B CH NG: VAN X
- CAN THIP YU T CON NGI
92

C IM:
- HU QU V HIU QU C C
LNG BNG CC HNG MC LA CHN
- C LNG TN SUT
- C LNG HIU QU CA CC LP
BO V
- LA CHN CC HNG MC V GI TR
C LNG C TNH D DT
- PHNG PHP LOPA CHO KT QU D
DT HN PHNG PHP QRA
93

NG DNG LOPA:
- CC CNG TY S DNG CC HNG MC
KHC NHAU XC NH VNG RI RO
CHP NHN C
- CC HNG MC C TH L:
+ TN SUT T VONG
+ TN SUT CHY
+ TN SUT TI A CA HNG MC C
TRNG KM THEO HU QU
+ S LNG LP BO V CHO MT HNG
94
MC C TRNG

MC TIU CA LOPA:
- XC S LNG LP BO V CN
CHO MT HON CNH TAI NN C
TRNG
- S LP BO V PH THUC VO:
+ MC PHC TP CA CNG
NGH
+ MC NGHIM TRNG TIM N
CA TAI NN
95

CC BC TIN HNH PHNG PHP
LOPA:
(1) XC NH HU QU N L
(2) XC NH HON CNH TAI NN V
NGUYN NHN-HU QU
(3) XC NH S KIN KHI U CHO
HON CNH V C LNG TN SUT
(4) XC NH CC LP BO V C SN V
XC SUT SAI LM CN YU CU CHO
MI LP
96

LOPA:
(5) KT HP TN SUT S KIN KHI U
V TN SUT SAI LM YU CU CHO MI
LP NH GI TN SUT GIM RI RO
(6) V GIN LIN H HU QU-TN
SUT C LNG RI RO
(7) C LNG RI RO CHP NHN C
CC BC NY C LP LI CHO CC
CP HU QU-HON CNH KHC CN
97
LI

LOPA:
(5) KT HP TN SUT S KIN KHI U
V TN SUT SAI LM YU CU CHO MI
LP NH GI TN SUT GIM RI RO
(6) V GIN LIN H HU QU-TN
SUT C LNG RI RO
(7) C LNG RI RO CHP NHN C
CC BC NY C LP LI CHO CC
CP HU QU-HON CNH KHC CN
98
LI

HU QU:
- HON CNH THNG DNG NHT KHI
DNG PHNG PHP LOPA L THT
THOT HO CHT NGUY HIM (DO
R R BN, V NG, HNG M, X
QUA VAN AN TON)
- C LNG HU QU BNG
PHNG PHP QRA DNG M HNH
KHUYCH TN V M HNH CHY N,
M HNH C TNH
99

HU QU:
- C LNG HU QU BNG PHNG
PHP LOPA DNG CC PHNG PHP:
(1) BN NH LNG KHNG LIN
QUAN N TN THNG CON NGI
(M HNH NGUN)
(2) C LNG NH LNG LIN
QUAN TN THNG CON NGI
(3) C LNG NH TNH LIN QUAN
TN THNG CON NGI
100

TN SUT:
(1) XC NH TN SUT SAI LM CA
S KIN KHI U
(2) IU CHNH TN SUT PH HP
THEO YU CU: THI GIAN VN HNH
HAY THI GIAN BO TR (T L
NGHCH VI 2 YU T TRN)
(3) IU CHNH TN SUT SAI LM PH
HP VI XC SUT SAI LM YU CU
CHO MI LP BO V
101

TN SUT:
(1) XC NH TN SUT SAI LM CA
S KIN KHI U
(2) IU CHNH TN SUT PH HP
THEO YU CU: THI GIAN VN HNH
HAY THI GIAN BO TR (T L
NGHCH VI 2 YU T TRN)
CHO MI LP BO V
102

TN SUT:
(1) XC NH TN SUT SAI LM CA S
KIN KHI U
(2) IU CHNH TN SUT PH HP THEO
YU CU: THI GIAN VN HNH HAY THI
GIAN BO TR (T L NGHCH VI 2 YU
T TRN)
(PFD: PROBABILITY OF FAILURE ON
103
DEMAND) CHO MI LP BO V

TN SUT:
(4) LP BO V C LP (IPL:
INDEPENDENT PROTECTION LAYER)
- HIU QU NGN NGA HU QU KHI
CHC NNG C THIT K
- C CHC NNG C LP VI S
KIN KHI U V CC LP C LP
KHC
- C TH KIM NH C (XEM XT,
TH NGHIM, LP TI LIU)
104

TN SUT:
CHC NNG C THIT K
KHC
TH NGHIM,
105

TN SUT:
CHC NNG C THIT K
KHC
TH NGHIM,
106

TNH TON TN SUT CA HU QU :
L TN SUT GIM BT HU QU CA
HU QU C CHO S KIN KHI U TH i
L TN SUT S KIN KHI U TH i
L XC SUT SAI LM CA LP TH
j VI S KIN KHI U TH I, THNG
= 10-2
107

V D 7:
XC NH TN SUT HU QU CHO SAI
LM CA CUN LM MT VI 2 LP
BO V C LP. LP 1 L TNG
TC CON NGI VI THI GIAN P
NG 10PHT. LP 2 L H THNG
IU KHIN QU TRNH C S (BPCS:
BASIC PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM)
108

LI GII:
- TN SUT SAI LM CA CUN LM MT =
10-1
- PFD CA LP TNG TC CON NGI
VI THI GIAN P NG 10 PHT = 10 -1
- PFD CA LP H THNG IU KHIN
QU TRNH C S (BPCS)= 10-1
109

CHC NNG THIT B AN TON SIF
(SAFETY INSTRUMENTED
FUNCTION) :
MC CH:
- GI TR PFD THP
- THIT K H THNG NGT KHN
CP
110

PHNG PHP THC HIN SIF:
- S DNG LNG THA CM BIN V
YU T IU KHIN CUI CNG
- S DNG NHIU CM BIN V LNG
THA YU T IU KHIN CUI CNG
- TH NGHIM CC CU T H THNG
THEO THI GIAN C TRNG TM
RA SAI LM N DU
- S DNG H THNG KH NNG
LNG (V D H THNG NGT TR)
111

CC CP CA TNG TC AN TON
SIL (SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL):
SIL1: (PFD=10-1 N 10-2) THNG TRANG
B CM BIN N, B GII THUT LUN L
N, YU T IU KHIN CUI CNG
N DO VY I HI TH NGHIM KIM
TRA THEO CHU K
SIL2: (PFD = 10-2 N 10-3): TRANG B
THA CM BIN, B GII THUT LUN L,
YU T IU KHIN CUI CNG-VN CN
TH NGHIM KIM TRA THEO CHU K 112

CC CP CA TNG TC AN
TON SIL (SAFETY INTEGRITY
LEVEL):
SIL3: (PFD = 10-3 N 10-4): TRANG B
RT THA CM BIN, B GII THUT
LUN L, YU T IU KHIN CUI
CNG-I HI THIT K CN THN V
THNG XUYN TH NGHIM KIM
CHNG
113

ATQT-BG10-Danh Gia Rui

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AN TON

+ DIN TCH PHN NM DI

- XC SUT SAI LM TNG

L THUYT XC SUT- SAI LM BC

L THUYT XC SUT- SAI LM BC

L THUYT XC SUT- SAI LM N

L THUYT XC SUT- SAI LM N

NU GII CHNH XC U=0.0075

NU GII CHNH XC U=0.0226

- THI GIAN GIA HAI S C NG

PHN TCH RI RO NH LNG

PHN TCH RI RO NH LNG

PHN TCH RI RO NH LNG

PHN TCH RI RO NH LNG

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

PHN TCH BO V THEO LP (LOPA)

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