46 “Non-countable” Exotic Birds in the ABA Area later been released or escaped. Some exoties wer etics orto provide hunting opportunites, while otlers escaped from 200s, importation or quarantine facilities, or private owmers, Rock PY eons were inteduced no later than 1603-1607 (Johnston 1992), and domestic fowl undoubtedly arved a ear A “brik rade” in age birds had developed in the US, by 1865 (Banks 1076). Adantie Canaries (Sevimuscanaria) dominated cary imports, with an astounding 10.1 million individuals imported during 1901-1942 (Banks 1976), The richness of species imported increased from 344 speces in 1905 to an Banks 1976), A continues for many species, the astonishing ca 815 in 1969 (Banks and Clapp 197: though legal and illegal importation bulk of cage birds sold in the US. is now produced in thousands of Calflora at Florida From en species of x ‘tes are presently breeding in ions of the ABA. And yet, the numberof exotics included inthe ABA Che 8 species, es than 2% at the total numberof species ( cls (Panny etal. 20084, in pres) Is likely that eral exotics eurently considered no established wal eventually be ied Caccepted") by the ABA Checklist Commitee if stable ide sncreasing population tends continue and once they have passed the review of state records committes. The sate-eview process can take years, even decades, longer than necessary because of several factors, Species std in Taxonomic Sequence: «Egyptian Goose Alpen aegypti} Mandatn Duck A glee) Cemmen Pato! Parca} + ican Saced Ibis Tesi ethiopia) Pup Swarphen (opyri pesto Ry faced Loved Agaomis sical) -Roseinged Parte! tata kramer Nanay (lac heoded) Pret Nandos endo) Wied Paros rating mat) -elow-cevonedFarakee tne ci liane Pat Amazone ns Bh heted Magpie (loa cole) =H yea Graces) + Orange Bishop (pees fencicors) Nutmeg Mannikin Lancurepunctlto) tL - BIR SEP BIR 46patnat aeons SPrPVSMypUt 1 128011 242 AM Page eT —@— ‘of which one isthe general dsinterest—loathing even—that many binders and committee members show toward exotic species. Improved coverage in recent North American field {guides has rough many ofthese spetes to the atention of btders, but afew remaln absent from fled guides and are sil largely unknown 1m this article, well explore 15 non-counable exoues found in the ABA Area, including some that may eventually be rated as countable by local records comamitees and the ABA, ‘Checkist Committee. None of these species was on the ABA Checklist or uncer yo by the ABA Checklist Committee, as of August 2011. Except in one special case, all are bre ‘ng currently, ane most have moderate to large populations (generally 100 individuals) out- side of captivity In some cases, we overlooked! more common ot widespread waterlowl and peitacds—she two bestrepresented orders of exotics found inthe ABA Area—o focus on greater variety of species. By far, Califomi and Florida contain more non-countable exotics than any oxherstate or province in the ABA Area; 217 exotics have been reported in Flora, ‘with 131 of these veriable from photographic or specimen evidence (Prany in review-a), ‘Asa result, and because of our personal biases, non-countable exotic bird species from these tivo states daminate the information provided here, Except where they dif from current, American Omithologiss' Union (AOUYABA nomenclature, we use the English names re ‘ommended on behalf ofthe International Ornithologists Union etinyu comvSSew8le> See the account foe Nanday Parakeet, pp. 52-53, fr our single exception io this “rule.") Egyptian Goose (aioe aegypti) ‘+ RESIDENT IN SUESARARAN AFRICA AND SOUTHERN ECYPr ‘The species is common in aviculture, resulting n the establishment of several exotic popu lavions, including those numbering in the hundreds or thousands of individuals in Germany Grea: Britain, and The Netheriands (Lever 2005) In the ABA Area, eBrcl data suggest, that papolations are widespread an increasing in Florida, ‘with smaller numbers in Califia, ‘Teas, and other states. Eayptian Goose, Crandon Park (Gardens Miar- Base County, Florida; February 2008. Proto by ait Pronty. Bill Pranty Bayonet Point, Florida billpranty@hotmail.com Kimball L. Garrett Los Angeles, C: nia kgarrettenhm.org| Lent ie aaprer eyo 8 22 Pape — UNDER THE RADAR Mandarin Dick Ls ges Cony Aboretum Ad, Cite one rt how ose oes ‘Mentioned in passing by Owre (1973), Egypalan Geese in Flore were frst noted as breeding n the Tampa Ba’ area in the mid-1980s, but breeding populations there were short lived. Subsequent, the numberof Florida counties reporting the species increased from four in 1991 (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992) to 21 in 2010, with breeding occurring in least six ofthese (Braun 2004, Pranty in review-a). Some flocks contain more than 50 individual; the spaces is espe- 4| cially widespread inthe southeastern peninsula. Although no statewide survey has been undenaken, of Egyptian ot and the species seems a likely cand ate for eventual ratification by the Florida Ornithological So clety Recotds Committee (FOSRC) as a countable exoic Tm California, pairs and small groups are encountered in Los Angeles and Orange counties. Repors date back tothe late 1970s, ath breeding occurring in Orange County since 1980, (Gallagher 1997) and Los Angeles Coury since at leset 1995. Scattered reports north to Hum: bole and Tehama counties (eBird data) might pertain to local escapes or small, ephemeral populations. The California population, wile pethaps growing, probly numbers only 100 ‘Common Peafowl. Genius Dive Notwe preserve, Ovange County Florica: ‘August 2010 Photo by © Paul Hueber 200 individuals at the present ime. Featured in most modern field guides, the Egyptian Goose cagy to idem isa large, pale goase with dark eye patch a dark breast spot, and conspicuous white wing patches Flori, there has been some confusion with the Orinoco Goose (Neecken jubata, rae in aviculure, wich has a plain whitish bead and breast. Egyptian Geese in the ABA Area ae rmosily limited to urban and suburban areas, where they are eal parks, gol courses, and residential wetlands. They feed primanly on vegetable matter and bman-suppied foods Mandarin Duck (ascarid) 4 Brreps 1 sourmrastens Russia, KOREA, EASTERN CHINA AND JAPAN; WINTERS SOUTH OF THE 407TH PARALLEL Because of the males stunning plomage, Mandarin Duels ae ‘common in aviculture. From deliberate roleases, they have es tablished several breeding popolations, especially in Great Britain and Germany, where thousands exis (Lever 2005), The only substantial population in the ABA Area is northern California, where Manclarin Docks are an Old World impor jst like the vineyards ofthe wine country they in it Shuneffand Savage (1996) documented the esablis ‘Common Peafoul os Angels County Arboretum, Arcadia, Calfornia: May 207) Phoroty © Aer Viduethy, ° oe OR n wRbjudEepremets ach el i Ay natn BIR SEP BIR 48péf ——Navara ib OOReceePe Pe aemp 1 62/11 249 AM Page co —$ ‘African Sacred lees oxaharcheeNalanal Wide Refuge, Florida; June 2005 Photo by © Garth Hering, since at least the early 1970s, of as many as several hundred in dividuals on and near a private rach near Healdsburg, Sono ma County: this population coexias with a breeding population af Wood Ducks, hoth benefiting from the place: ment of scores of nest boxes, Mandarin Ducks accu ftom near Healdsburg south to Sonoma (Burridge 1995; K. Nagel, per sonal communication). Stall numbers of Mandsrin Ducks ae found elsewhere along California’ coastal slope and Central on of breeding populations is clouded by the frequent appearance of individual escapes, All ‘needing populations in the state probably depend on the pro vision of nest boxes, Although the males plumage is sttking, females canbe co. fused with female Wood Ducks. Female Mandarins havea pale rail on the bill, large roundish spotting onthe Mlanks, and = narrow white eye-ring that forms a distinc. post-ocular line (@ranty 20072), Common Peafowl (Pave cristatus) Valley, although the dis ‘+ RESIDENT FROM NORTHEASTERN PAKISTAN TO CENTRAL ASSAM, INDIA, SOUTH TO SRI LANKA. Abundant in captiviy, Coramon Peafow! ae often allowed to roam freely Th the ABA Are, they are most numerous in Cal sfornia snd Florida, but small pop ‘many sates. lis dificle to dlsungoish ru feral, sel-us taining populations from ree-toamning, semi-capive flake, In California, feral peafowl broed in many rural and subur- ban areas nearly statewide. Populations are well known onthe Baldwin estate (now the Los Angeles County Arboretum) in Arcadia and on the Palos Verdes Peninsula in southern coastal Los Angeles County where residents and ther lawyers re pi ted against neighbors in long-running pro- vs. ani-peafow disp, No statewide population estimate is available, but ons may be established [ltican Sacred Ib ey cayne, Ford; lune 2008 Photo by Lamy Manfred thousands of individuals are undoubvedly involved. In Flora, peafowl are fairly widespread in much of the peninsula, with a total population probably in excess of 1,000 birds, Rabertson and Woolfenden (1992) wrote that “flee ranging individuals have been reported for decades at scores of suburban and rural oclte.. However itis uaoerain 10 what extent the apparently feral populations are independent of do sie locks" Twenty ye aon vemals mud dled, but many locks are periodically culled by local governments, implying thatthe flocks are assumed tobe large ly feral The species is seemingly a candhdate for eventual ta Beatin by the FOSRC a a countable exante The wellknown Common Peafowl is easily denied, but ‘oanfusion is possible with the similar Groen Peafow (P auc) African Sacred Ibis (Threskio acthiopcus) ‘+ RESIDENT IN SUBSAMARAN AFRICA, WESTERN MADAGASCAR, AND TRAQ, WITH FSTABLISHED FXOTIC POPULATIONS IN FRANCE, Tra, SPUN, AND TAIWAN. This species i not fo sole breeding po} Florida, stall numberof individuals escaped from captivity inthe Miami area during 1992, peshaps due to destruction of cages hy Hurricane Andrew. The population increased in size and range by the late 1900s, with nesting dacumented in 2005, (Herring el. 2006; see also Pranty 2004), Herring nd Ga li (2008) predicted a 73% chance that Afican Sacred Thies ‘would becom established in southern Florida, with potential ‘negative consequences to White Ibises anxd Wond Storks As-a result, several agencies, le by the US, Department of Agriculture, inated an eradication campaign that seems to have been successful. Through May 2011, 78 ibises had been removed from Miami-Dade and Palm Beach counties (Peay in yand in North American fel guides. The Jation is (or Was) found in southeastern °[aesicmsnse 1 8128/11 5:35 PM Page 50. — Mon Aug 29 30:02:40 EDT 201 UNDER THE RADAR review-d). Many of these were shot, while others were cap- tured, pintoned, and placed in captivity (Calle and Gavi 2011). An analysis of the stomach contents of 22 ibises id cated that 58% of all food sas human related—obtained, for example, by feedingat laf or by accepting handouts such 1s pellet meal at parks (Calle and Gawltk 2010). Atican Sacred Ibises are midway in size between White Tblses and Wood Siorks, Identification from native wading birds ie stralghuforvned, bu they ate very similar o three ot er Thestorns spectes found elsewhere In the Old World all specice show predorninanily white plumage, unfethered blac heads and legs ana large, stout, slightly decurved bil Bur only the Alican Sacred Ibis shows the combination of black rump plumes and the black tailing edge to the flight, feathers Purple Swamphen (Pops portyri) ‘WIDESPREAD RESIDENT FROM SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE AND MUCH OF AFRICA TO AUSTRALLA, NEW ZEALAND, AND IS- [LANDS INTHE SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN; TAXONOMY IN (Sanasree 1998). A population discovered in southeastern Florida tn the la 1000s is now well known (see Pranty and Schnizius 1908, Balcch and Small 1999, Prany etl. 2000, Prarty 2001, Pron ty etal 2010}, Several airs of swamphens owned by to av culurisis at Pembroke Pines (near Fort Lauderdale, Broward County) were allowed to roam frecy, and by 1996 a few of these evidently wandered away and founded the population. “Most swamphens in Florida tepresent the gray-headed sulb- Purple Swamphen right wth Common Galinul (lef).The Species continues to netease In number and expand Is nge Infloria. This incvicual from southeastern Georgia, may be an escape it appeers to represent one of the blueheaded Subspecies), butt was more likely» long-cstance disperser from the Fleida population. Glennie, Georgia November 2009, Phoroby © Gene Wilkinson 50 species p.piocephalus, native ftom the Caspian Sea to south easiem Asia (Sangster 1998), but some ble-headed individ als are also present (Prany et al. 2000, Pranty in review) The swamphen popolation numbered 84 individuals in Oc tober 1998 and 135 in February 1999 (Pranty and Schnitzius 1998, Pranty etl. 2000). Breeding populations of hundreds of individuals now occupy at least three couniies south of Lake (Okeechobee, and colentzation of additonal areas is expected, By Apr 2011, ewornphens were noted at 5 sites away from Perbrole Pines, cluding six dispersals of more than 100 Felometers (62 miss); see Panty (in review-). The most sg nificant presumed dispersal to dae has been of a lue-hesded sxiuk photographed at Glennie, Goorga, in November 2009, ‘early 700 Kilometers (435 miles) from Pembroke Pines, ‘Not surprisingly: an exotic ralld colonizing southern Flor dz has created ecological concerns. An eradication efforiniti- sued by state agencies began too late te succeed, Despite the shooting of 3187 swamphens between October 2006 anid De. ember 2008, the efor shoved few sign of reducing the pop tation and was discontinued (Hardin etal. press). The FOSRC has twice vole on whether to ratify Purple Swamphen ‘san established exotic in Florida but has yet to reach eon: sensus; the mater willbe discussed again in 2012 (A. W.Krat- ter, personal communication), erica i staghiforvard This ca lage, heavy bluish rallied with a huge red bl and frontal shield. The lege and feet are reddich with darkish Joints, In contrast, Purple Gallinules are sla bodied and have red-and-yllow bills, whitish-bue frontal shield, and yellow legs and fee. Rosy-faced Lovebied Aguponis sii) 1 RESIDENT IN SOUTHWESTERN ANGOLA, NAMIBIA, AND NORTH: WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA non as Peach-oced Lovebird in North American guides this popular cage bitd might be seen as an escape anywhere. How ever, our only breeding population is found in the greater Phoenix area, Arizona, Levebieds accu throughout the metto= poliian area west to Sun City, east to Apache Junction, and south wo Chandler , Breeding was fast, noted in 1987. Acide census undertaken by 60 observers ‘on 25 February 2010 resulted in the tallying of 929 lovebirds, with the total population thought to exceed 2,500 individuals (Redamaker and Corman in pres). A map showing all love bird locations is available online xinyuriconv3chsq>. A pro posal io the Arizona Bird Committee to ratify the Rosy-faced Lovebird as a coum exotic in Arizona is anticipated shor- ly (K. Radamaker, personal communication) In California, a small breeding population of Rosy-taced 2 from Ta BIR SEP BIR S0.par =5 ibert, Arizona; March 2008. Photo bye Brendon Gre Lovebirds has been present in the Nipomo area of San Luis Obispo County since at least 2008 (MeCaskie ancl Garrett 2003), but most lovebind sightings in the state pera to int ‘sidual escapes or small groups that da not persist. Likewise in Florida, various lovebitds are seen for brie periods but do not survive; there is no breeding record of any species. Feld sepa ration from other lovee species such as Yellow-collared (A, petsonata) and Fischer (A. fischer) snot always easy because vicars have created numerous arial color morphs and dave hybridized species Rose-ringed Parakeet cesacda mer) + RESIDENT FROM MAURITANIA AND SENEGAL YO SUDAN AND SOMALIA, AND BIJUNCTLY HOM PAKISTAN AND NORTHERN INDIA TO SOUTHEASTERN CHINA AND CENTRAL BURMA, Exotic populations with ange mambersofn . In Florida, Lilc-crowned Parrots are rae to locally uncommon, primal inthe Mian area; there iso lmown report of breed ing. Thirty-one individuals were reported on the Decernber 2006 Kendall Area CBC (Pranty in review) Among ocks of Red-crowned Parrots, Lilaccrowneds are best idenuiied im Might by thelr relatively longer tails and squeaky upelurred whistle, Perched birds show a maroon-ted thand actos the forebead (ater than the more extensive bright rad patel of Red-erowned), an extensive lavender ero, and darker cere (surrounding the nostri) than on Red- scription of one new spaces, two new subspecies ad specestey- el status Aatinga atin. sournafof Ornithology 147.73-86. ‘sub S. 2009, Mitre Parakeets Aratinga mata) in Queers and Nassau coumtes Now York. The Kingbird 59:26-230, 265. Bac, Pan 8. Smal. 1999, Anevers to the February phote quiz Birding 31.179-18, Banks RC. 1976 Wife Importation into the United States, 1900- 1872. US Fin and Wife Servic Spec Scent Repo Mle 20 Washington, Banks Rand R8 Capp. 1972. 8s mporteding the United Sates 1 1969.U.Fsh anki eric Special Scent Report—Wide No, 148. Washington, .C. Banks 8 C,C.CeeroL Dunn, AW rater PC Rasmussen JV, Rn 1,40 Rsing, and FStotz 2002 Forty tid supplement tothe American Ornithologists Union Checklist of North American Bis ‘Auk 19897-906 ‘oma, Rand S,Geeraw 2006. Fiteenth report the Florida Ox- rithoiogicalSacety Records Committe: 2003-2005, Frida Fel Nur 3489-102. Braun D.G. 200, Fist decumented nesting inthe vile ef Egyptian Geese lotic Flaido Fld Notrlet 32128-18, Buridge, 8, ed. 1995. Sonoma County Breeding Bi Atlos. Madrone ‘Audubon Sect, Santa Rss Cale, L and 0. Ganth. 2011. Anthropagen food Inthe lt of he ‘Sacred Ib (Thresktomis ethiopcus), 3 non-native wading bid a Southeastern Florid, USA. ld lela Netwatst 381-16 Duncan RA 2008 Thestausaf the lutmeg Manin Lonchurapune- ‘ult nthe extern western Panhandle ef Flere Fda Fela alt 3796-97 Galaghe. SR, 1957 Alasof Breeding Brds-Orange Coury, Calor ‘Sexand Sage Audubon Pes vin, Garret, KL. 1997. Population status and distribution of raturaies ‘arotin southern Calfomia, Wester Birds 2881-195 Garret KL 1998. Feld separation of bishops plc fom North Amerianembeiics, Mester ede 29:231-222. Garret K-L.2000.The jenie Nutmeg Mannikin: entiation of tle bom bi Westen Br 3:130-131 Garret KL. KT. Mab C7. Colin and LM. Kates. 1987. Food tems of natured pacts in southern Calflora. Western ds 28:195- 20, at TA 2001. Orange shops breeding Phoenix, Arzona este rds 3281-82. Green, 5. and R: Bowman. In preparation. The Robertson and Woofenden Annotated Checlit of lei ids. Tobe published by the Florida Ornithological Society. Hamilton A 2001. Appendix O: Recor of caged birds in aja Cl- forma, ABA Monographs in Field Orthology 3254-257 Hardin 5, € Donan, Ward and. Eggeman In pass Management sr 2 from Ta| | i 1 8128/11 2:45 AM Page 58 ne ee ees ~~ Mon Aug 29 08: 345 EDT 20 UNDER THE RADAR response to Porphyriperphyro Linnaeus in lids: cae sty. 10 appear in Management efBlobogica invests. Herring G and O.€. Gli 208, Potential for successful population establshmentof the ronindigenous Sacred isin the Florida Ever= aces Belgians 12969-976 Hering, N.Cal ard. Johnston.2005.A non indigenes wad- Ing bid breecling inthe Flora Everglades: The Sacred bis lio Fels ota 344-8, Johnston RF. 1992. Rock Dove [Clumba iv) nA, Poole. Sttin- hein and. Gil ed, The ids of Noth Americano. 13-The ade: ry of ‘Natural Sciences, Philadephia, and the American Ornithologists Union Washington, Lever. 2008, Naturale Bc ofthe Word, 2nd edton.T. 8 AD. Poyser London. Nab, K. 1.2002. Natratzed (wile patos in Caller: Acre 35- sessment. Symposium ofthe Proceeding f the Gobel Foundation, 7-10 February 2002, San Diego MeCaske, and K.L Garett 2003 Spring season: Souther Pace Coast Region. Noth American Bids $7:402-405. (Owe 0.7. 1873. Aconsdeation ofthe exotic aufounscosoutheastem Flori. Won 6uletn85:491-500. Prant,8.2001,Puple wamphenson themove Wiegingit 1376-7. Pranty, 3.2008 Florida exotic afar Aprelininary checlst. Bd (ng 36362-372 Pranty, 8.2007, Lrkers and deceiver Bing 3718962-66, Pranty, 8. 2007b, Status and dsibution of Common Myne (eridtheres tists in Fda, North American ds 61 58-65, Pranty, 3.2010 Wiser epor December 2009-Fbvuaty 2010 Flora Feld Notwast 3819-13), Pram, 8. ree. Non-acepted Species of Fld, appendices ‘an Bn. Grenlaw and. Bouman eds, The Roberson and Woafenden Annotated Check of Flerida Bk. To be published by the Flos Omithoiogical Society. Pranty, 8. nreview-b, Population growth, prea, and persistence of Purple Snemphens Poryro party in Foi, Submited to vid Feld Naturalist. Pranty, 8 and KL. Gate 2002 Answers tothe Februcy photo quit. ‘ing 34181-18, Pranty, 8 and KL. Garret. 2003.The prot fauna ofthe ABA Area A ‘urent ook ing 35:248-261, Pranty 8. and H.W. Lovell. 2004. Population increase and range ex- ‘pansion of Blck hooded Parakeets in Foi. lid Field Natural. (5032129-137 Pranty, 8 and H.W. Lovell 201, Presumed or confirmed nesting a= temps by Slackcnooded Parakeets (Nondayus nendoy) in Fld ori Fld Nanas 3975-6. Pranty, and Schou, 1998. Purple Samphens found in Flor Winging 10147 58 Prany, 8. and H.Voren.2003.atlatlon and posible hybrilation In Botogerts parakeets. ling 35:262-266 Pranty BK Scritaus K.Schniteus, end H.W. Lovell 2000. Discovery, origin, and cuent istributon of the Purple Swamphen Porhyro orptyri) in Florida. Fora Felt Nowe 2:11. Pranty B.-L Dunn, Sein A.W, Kater Lehman, MLW. Lockwood, 1. Mactavsh, and K. J Zim. 2008. Annual rept ofthe ABA. Cheeklet Comite 2006, ring 386)20-24, PrantyB. .L.DunnS.C-Hein A Kratter Lehman, M.WLoek- wood, 8 Matavsh and KJ Zimmet 2008 ABA Checklist: Bic of the United States and Canada, 7th elton. American icing Assoc ation, Colorado Springs. PrantyB. Dunn, S.C Hein A WE rater PE Lehman, M.W-Leck- wood, 8 Macavs and K.. Zimmer 2008b, Ancual report ofthe /ABACCecklst Committe, 2007-2008. Bring 4016!32-38. Pranty, L.Dunn,S.C-Heln A.W Kater P. Lehman, M.W-Leck- wood 8. Maetoush and J Zine. 2008Annuslreprt of he ABA, echt Commitee 008-208, Bing 41(61:38-12 Pranty By Dunn, D.D.Gibso, SC. Hen MFA. Ketter Lehman, MLW Lockwood, B. Mactavsh RPitaway, and KJ Zim- ‘mer. 2010.21strepot ofthe ABA Checlst Commitee, 2003-2010, Birding 421630-39. Prany.B, J-LOunn0.0.Gibson, MI PE Lehman, M.W.Lock- woe Pittavay, anak, Zimmer. In pres. 2nd report ofthe ABA Checklist Commitee, 2011.Toappear in Bing. Radamaker K.A and E Corman. In pes. Status the Rosy faced Lovebled In Phoenix, Arizona, arizona Bide Onine Shure LL and. Savage 1956. The Wood Duck and th Mando. University ofCalfomia Press, ree. Smithson, W.S 2000. Breecing bilogyo the Orange Bishop euetes franccanu| anc Nutmeg Manin Lenchurpunctltan sou ern Calforia. MS. Thesis California State University, Long Seach Smithson W.S. 2006, Breeding bciogy and habitat use ofthe Orange shop and Nutmeg Mannikninsouthem Calfori Abstract West- em FleldOmiolagsts annua confatence, Gould Ln #2008 San Diego Count Alas Proceedings ofthe San Diego Soc of Natural ory Ne. 39. Wikipesi. 201, Rosevinged Foal . 2 from Ta BIR SEP BIR_S8.pat —O—