EUROPEAN UNION

Nisha Chaudhari
Neel Mittal
Salvatore Carella
Sebastian Gomez Herrera
Aurora Berdejo Ming

HISTORY
1945-1959
start of the EU was to end bloody wars & come to peace
european coal & steel community united european countries economically &
politically in order to really secure the remaining peace
six founders are Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, & the
Netherlands

1960-1969
the emergence of youth culture
- helped stimulate a cultural revolution, good period for the economy
because it helped EU countries to stop charging custom duties when
they traded with each other
- agreement of joint control over food production
everyone has enough to eat, which leads to agricultural surplus

1970-1979
Denmark, Ireland, & the United Kingdom join the European Union on
January 1st, 1973
Due to Arab-Israeli war, the EU had an energy crisis & had economic
problems
The EU loaned large sums to portugal to create more jobs & infrastructure
in poor areas

1980-1989
Greece becomes the 10th member of the EU then Spain & Portugal
follow 5 years later
1986 the Single European Act is signed
Germany takes down the Berlin Wall, which is the border between the
East & West, which leads to reunification of Germany

1990-1999
due to the collapse of communism, europeans become closer neighbors
single market is completed with four freedoms of
- movement of goods
-movement of services
-movement of people
-movement of money
Austria, Finaland, & Sweden join the EU
Communication is made easier via Internet & mobile phones

2000-2009
Euro is new currency for many europeans
September 11 causes EU countries to work together
Financial crisis in 2008 causes economic cooperation
Treaty of Lisbon is ratified

EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS

The European Parliament
The Council of the European Union
European Commission
European Central Bank
European Court of Justice
European Monetary Union and the Euro

The European Parliament

This parliament represents all the citizens of the countries that
composed the European Union.
It works on a democratic level and therefore the citizens are the one
who elect their representatives.
Unlike many democratic states where representatives are elected each
four years, the members of the parliament are elected each five years.

The Council of the European Union

The Council of the European Union is all the agent members from the
countries that are part of the European Union.
Therefore, the representation of each country in the European union
is highly represented in the Council of the European Union.
They sign arrangements and agreements between the European
Union countries.

European Commission
The Commission is conformed by 28 members, one from each
country in the European Union.
The European Council nominates each of these members as well as
the president for the European Commission.
The president of the European commission is Jos Manuel Barroso
who is in charge of assigning areas of work to the 28 members in the
commission.

European Central Bank

The central bank monitors the monetary policies and its the one in
charged of maintaining price stability

European Court of Justice

The highest court in the European Union. It is composed of one
judge per member state.

European Economic and Monetary Union

This institution is in charged of covering the economies from all
the 28 members of the European Union. Also, they regulate which
country can adopt the Euro.

Government and EU influences

on business activity

Employment Policy
Regional Policy
Inflation Policy
Education and Training Policy
Taxation Policy
International Policy
Establishing The Rules of the Game

The Impact of Increased Power

The EU has exclusive competence to negotiate trade and
investment agreements with countries outside the Union.
Small businesses are disproportionately affected by regulation.
In December 2012, the Commission announced the launch of a
major regulatory fitness and (REFIT) programme.
3,600 new laws in three years.
The campaign group said Red Tape makes it harder for UK first
to compete.

Regulation vs Directives
European Union Regulations
European Union directives

IMPACT OF EU REGULATIONS ON
US BUSINESS IN EU COUNTRIES
Relations between the European Union and the United States are the bilateral
The most defining feature of the global economy
We are each others main trading partners and goods and services

 U.S. investment in Europe is more than three times more than in all
of Asia combined.

workforce is estimated at 15 million workers

Our two economies also provide each other with our most important sources of
foreign direct investment.

 The most recent EU-U.S. summit was held in Brussels on Wednesday

March 26, 2014.
Talks centered on major global challenges
unique opportunity to create jobs and promote growth in Europe, the U.S.,
and the world.
The EU Microsoft competition case
Starbucks and Netherlands are accused by EU of making unfair tax deal

The Euro Crisis: Euro vs. nonEuro countries Introduction

Before the introduction of the Euro governments in Greece, Spain and Ireland,
among others, had to pay a lot more than the governments of France and Germany
to borrow money.
After the euro was introduced, European officials allowed banks to purchase
government bonds from all Euro-zone countries without setting aside any equity
capital.

The Euro Crisis Continued..

Banks began lending money to all countries within the Euro-zone
The banks were in trouble after loaning money to those countries
All major reasons that lead to the European financial crisis

The Euro Crisis Continued..

Expectations for the new currency were high and that it would stimulate growth in
Europe
As seen in the chart, it Is clear that the performance (GDP) in the Euro-zone
countries has grown in an increased debt
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of all the goods and services
produced by a country in a single year.

Euro vs. Non-Euro Countries

Denmark negotiated an opt-out from the Maastricht Treaty and is not obliged to join
the euro. However, the Danish government has pledged to hold a referendum on the
opt-outs after the next Parliamentary elections.
Sweden, while obliged to adopt the euro under its Treaty of Accession, has chosen to
deliberately fail to meet the convergence criteria for euro adoption by not joining
ERM II without prior approval by a referendum.

The UK negotiated an opt-out from the Maastricht Treaty and is not obliged to join the
euro.

The Euro Crisis on the United States

Negative effect on the United States
Trade and investment links between the two are significant
Any major changes in European countries could greatly affect the
American exports and stock market
"Exports are an important source of the American recovery, so if
Europe tanks, there will be fewer exports to Europe, and that will hurt
American manufacturing,"

The Euro Crisis Today

Global financial crisis 2007-2008 has caused a financial black hole still ongoing problem
Said by many officials to be over, but that is not the case
The European Stability Mechanism might come to the rescue

THE IMPLICATIONS OF
EXPANSION
Inner Six
Integration of the EU
How to join the EU
Reasons to join the EU
Enlargements and its limits

THE FUTURE OF THE

EUROPEAN UNION
EU reduction of regulations.
It is a free Market open to any Democratic Country.
EU targeting Turkey, Western Balkans, and Iceland.

Works Cited
http://www.bankrate.com/finance/economics/european-debt-crisis-impact-on-us-1.aspx#ixzz3IEaplmM6
http://useu.usmission.gov/transatlantic_relations.html

http://www.euintheus.org/what-we-do/how-eu-us-relations-work/