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Alexandra Scott"
ENC1102"
06 April 2015"
Unit 4 Assignment"
Introduction!
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Recently, I have developed some interest in the way that my sorority works, i.e.

the mechanics behind it. Because I am coming to the end of my second year at the Eta
Theta chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta, I am curious about some of the policies and
procedures. Specifically, I am interested in how positions are met and chosen. I know
that this cannot be completely understood unless I have the interest to dive deeper to
investigate why each person is chosen. From everyday conversations with my sisters, I
can discern that those people who get picked for positions, within the sorority, are
usually very social, organized, and bright. Although I know that this observation is a
great start as a hypothesis for my research, I realize that it is based only on a vague
understanding of the women who take positions. So, my goal, for this present research,
is to have an even deeper understanding of what makes a good leader in Theta. I want
to investigate the qualities needed and to explore both arguments and
counterarguments to provide a detailed description of a good leader. "
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This paper contains 8 different sources that allow me to present that in-depth

description. In order to keep the information as concise and clear as possible, this paper
will be organized so that each source builds on the ideas of its previous source and
ends in a conclusion based on all of the sources. "

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The new member manual will be presented and explained by means of the

"activity systems pyramid". This is done to provide an understanding of the backbone for
my research so that details added later would make more sense. The questions that I
would like to be able to answer at the completion of my research are as follows:"
1. How can someone of new standing rise above those with seniority to a position of "
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authority? "

2. Could too much identity hinder an individual's ability to rise to an authoritative " "
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position? "

3. Would the choice to voice too many opinions or to show too much emotion diminish "
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that individual's chances?"

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By the end of this paper the reader should have an understanding of how my

research supports the identity and authority associated with members of the Kappa
Alpha Theta sorority who take on positions within the sorority."

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Discussion on Discourse Communities and Genres!
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John Swales, a professor of linguistics, cites criterions that he believes are the

basics of a discourse community. Some often overlooked requirements for a discourse

community are explained by the "six defining characteristics of a discourse community".
(Swales) "
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1. The community shares a common public goal/goals. "

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2. The community has specific mechanisms/methods to communicate between "

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members."

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3. These mechanisms/methods are used between members to provide " "

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4. The community makes use of several types of genres to communicate. "

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5. The community speaks with an acquired, specific lexis."

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6. The community has members ranging from novices to experts."

information and feedback. "

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My chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta sorority satisfies all of these requirements. "

1. A sorority has public goals, such as recruiting new members, as well as more ""
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beneficent goals, like raising money for our philanthropies. Personal goals are "

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important too. Each member embodies the goal of striving to be the best type of "

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Theta that she can be from the moment that she accepts her bid from the ""

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sorority. "

2. As a sorority, we have a way of communicating with everyone. Our interchange is "

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often through emails. We even have a Facebook group, which is only available "

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to girls in the sorority. Our community has weekly chapter meetings. It also "

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accommodates the meeting of groups within the sorority regarding their " "

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participation in different events. "

3. During our weekly chapter meetings, members are afforded the opportunity to
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feedback and information for the coming week."

4. The main genres of communication utilized by this community are the use of " "
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Facebook, weekly emails, and chapter meetings. These represent the modes "

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through which members communicate and give ideas. "

5. A certain Jargon is known and used by a sorority member. This lexis may "

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sound odd or not be understood by someone outside for the sorority. A prime "

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example would be the use of the word PNM, which means potential new ""

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member. This word is used to describe a girl going through recruitment, who has "

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not yet received a bid to a sorority. "

6. Through the course of time, the composition of the community changes. Girls " "
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graduate or drop, while new girls get recruited. The total membership and the "

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quality of the girls is ever-changing. Some members (experts) have positions that

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command respect and authority, within the sorority, from new members (novices)."

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Another well known linguist, Ann Johns, describes a discourse community

differently. She suggests that a community be categorized as political, social, or

recreational. "
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I believe that Theta is a social community simply because most of the activities

within this community are social. Also, members are charged with the task of being

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social within the larger community of UCF. Johns explains that the type of community
that you are in helps to develop your identity within that community. She explains that
an individual is expected to act a certain way and that those who are able to act and
speak within the social norms of that community are able to gain identity within it. She
also explains that, in addition to identity, costs, power struggles, and gatekeeping all
provide lenses to further analyze a discourse community."
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An example of Costs, in our chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta, is the dues each

member is required to pay. A more personal example would be the burden of having to
change the minds of people regarding the stereotype of greek life. A member sacrifices
her ability to act like a normal college student because of the scrutiny of the general
student population. Those who watch you may be jaded in their interpretation, and
perceive "a greek" being stereotypically immature and dumb. "
"

An example of power struggle may occur between an authority figure within the

sorority, i.e. the president, head of recruitment, head of finances, or many of the other
positions in the hierarchy, and a non position holding member of the sorority. These
positions are chosen by the whole chapter and are modeled after those of the
government of the United States. This method of choosing the people in authority
positions addresses the concept of gatekeeping. It is important to keep those who do
not possess the qualities required for leadership out of a decision making position.
These individuals must not have the opportunity to have a weighted influence in the
sorority. "
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I intend to prove, by utilizing these two methods of evaluating discourse

communities, that my chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta sorority is a valid representation of

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a discourse community and is worthy of my research. With just a simple analysis of the
community, questions arise with regards to authority and identity.They also touch on
how these two contribute to gatekeeping in the community. "
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An import component of Amy Devitt's work is Genre. She explains the concept of

genre so that I am able to interpret it's meaning. Genre, to me, represents the means by
which an idea is conveyed to an audience. An example that I used for genre, in my
research, is the new member manual given to the new members in the sorority. This
manual is useful in my research because it provided a quick summary of the qualities
associated with ideal members of the sorority in the midst of providing the general
overview for new membership. The manual addresses the fact that, in essence, new
members are just being introduced to the opportunity to understand the qualities
needed to form an identity and gain authority in the sorority. Before continuing to
discuss the manual itself, and it's exemplification of genre, the Activity Theory must be
I split this
paragraph.

more thoroughly explained. "

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I chose to explain this genre by using a component of the Activity Theory called

the Activities Systems Model. Wardle uses Activity Theory to explain membership. She
explains that, in order to be an active member, the "neophyte" must be active within the
community. They must learn what it means to be part of the community. This may
involve learning what type of rituals are used, or how to act/write like members. When
she refers to these ideas, she specifically alludes to two specific topics regarding this
concept: Identity and Authority. She is also able to provide a story to back up her claims.
Her ideas do address the possibility that there are more factors that solidify membership
within a community. It is suggested that one can have individualism and authority and

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that this will be the only way to succeed in being a contributing member of the
community. A member could act the same as a member that came before and possibly
evade notice as a "successful" member. This means that a member could just learn the
bare necessities, not contribute new ideas to the community, nor form a solid identity.
(Wardle 522)"
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Wardle explains identity as the ability for an individual to be a member of the

community while still keeping their past experiences.(Wardle 524) One might introduce
new ideas, values, or ways of doing things. Someone's past experiences may also
strongly influence how they act. A community with many identified individuals can
change and adapt to the ever-changing world and problems. (Wardle 524)"
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Authority, within this passage, is described as the ability to quickly pick up on

certain

practices within the

chosen

community. (Wardle

526)

Wardle explains that

there is a grace period

during which the new members must

adjust to rules,

regulations, and expectations of the

community. Those who are

struggling,
after the

still

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grace period, are considered to lack authority within the community. Another aspect
associated with authority is the ability to provide identity in ones work. That is to take the
expectations/ "base" and add one's own thoughts to it. The expectations of the
community should serve as a starting point for one's authority to add/improve upon the
bare necessities of the community. (Wardle 526)"

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Supportive Arguments!
!

The PDF journal article that I found is entitled "Women 'Take Care,' Men 'Take

Charge' Stereotyping of U.S. Business Leaders Exposed". This article,although not

directly related to sorority dynamics,exemplifies a good understanding and brings up
topics that are not explained in the new member handbook, as well as situations that
may go unnoticed.!

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"

It also brings up the issue of stereotyping that often befalls leading women. One

topic addressed is the thought that women were meant to "take care" not to "take
charge". It is also thought, "Because women leaders are stereotyped as relatively poor
problem-solvers, their power to motivate followers may be seriously
undermined." (Women "take care"...4) Women are associated with feminine qualities,
like being friendly and sensitive. This can be perceived as less important, or possibly
even detrimental regarding leadership. "Because most people are not aware of how
their thinking and behavior are automatically influenced by stereotypes, they conclude
their perceptions come from objective observations." (Women "take care"...6) Most
women, in the sorority, may fall victim to this way of thinking. This may cause them to
become apprehensive to take a position. Some qualities that are expected for people
who want to take a position directly contradict the stereotypes of leading women. "
To better provide information and support the assertions made, the article presents
some common words associated with taking care and explains how they can actually
contribute to making a great leading woman. The words include supportive", which is
tied to actions such as "Encouraging, assisting, and providing resources for others".
"Rewarding" is associated with "providing praise, recognition, and financial
renumeration when appropriate"(Women "take care"...10). "Mentoring" is "Facilitating
the skill development and career advancement of subordinates"(Women "take care"...
10). These terms actually prove that, although "taking care" is intended to hurt a leading
woman's creditability, it actually affirms that she is more qualified. It explains how these
women can work around problems and create a better solution. In fact, these qualities

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encourage a woman to be a fair, just, and understanding leader and allow her to pursue
a more democratic way of doing things. "
"

This article refers back to a sorority dynamic like that of theta by giving examples

of common stereotypes for women. If a women is brought up to believe these

stereotypes, how can society expect her to have the qualities, which are based on
having a strong sense of identity and authority, required to be a leading woman. Unless
someone is able to open their mind to them, they won't be suitable to run. Most women
will look at the stereotypes in a bad way and try to change themselves to be more like
the "perfect leader". The women that are able to take those stereotypes, see something
positive, and use those qualities to better themselves and their peers, are the ones that
have identity and authority in the sorority. These are the leading women who hold
positions. It's not just about what a women is told to strive to possess, its about working
with what one already has, as well. Thats why leading women have embraced these
stereotypes and used them to their advantage. "
"

Another article is also from the Forbes online website. This one takes a

completely different position than the one previously referenced. In The Most
Undervalued Leadership Traits OfWomen the author, Glen Llopis, uses his
experiences with the women in his hispanic family to influence the reader and draw
attention to some overlooked characteristics of women leaders. This article emphasizes
many qualities that exhibit identity and authority that women in the sorority may possess
giving them at an advantage to take a position."
"

He starts off the article by explaining that, within his family, the women were the

ones who stayed at home and took care of everyone. He explains that, because of this,

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the women where able to learn qualities that made them fit for leadership. Qualities like
having the ability to handle problems well, organization, and being well-balanced are
stressed."
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He goes on to provide a list of overlooked qualities. The first is the ability to be

opportunity driven. He explains that women, when faced with a seemingly impossible
problem will not allow themselves to give up and start over. Instead, they posses the
glass half full versus glass half empty mentality. This is a very important quality to have
in the sorority. The ability to solve problems quickly and not back down is crucial. An
example might be when a member of the Panhellenic community (all of the sororities
collectively) serves as a bad example for greek life. It is the presidents responsibility to
assure other members of the UCF community that this behavior is not what her specific
sorority emphasizes or condones. She must be apologetic for that members actions.
This represents a solution to a problem rather than throwing in the towel and taking the
stance that there should be no more greek life because of the impropriety of one
person. "
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The second quality he mentions is the ability to be strategic by any means

necessary. This is important when dealing with discipline. A sorority leader who just
accuses and doesnt listen, not putting herself in the shoes of the accused, is not the
right kind of leader. She may unearth the information she needs to change things to
prevent the problem from happening again. If she were to just punish without
understanding, she wouldnt have the materials to fix it for later. Another aspect of being
strategic is thinking in future terms. Planning ahead is a great quality in a leader. An
example within theta is the choice to have a risk committee check in each guest when it

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comes to bringing your date events. The committee checks ID to make sure underage
attendees are marked and of age attendees are banded pre venue. This serves to
combat the issue of underage drinking before it can become a problem later. "
"

The third quality introduced is the fact that women are passionate. When a

leader is passionate, she is dedicating herself to that cause. This is a great thing to
have in the sorority. If a leader doesn't care about the values and goals created by the
founders, she will not try to uphold those standards. Without an interest and passion,
the sorority dynamic will fall apart and have no purpose. "

"
Theta Related Sources!
"

In the PDF version of the Kappa Alpha Theta new member manual (mentioned

earlier in the text) there is also a fair amount of content that is not related to ritual that
can be utilized to describe the need for identity and authority within the sorority, and
more importantly within those who take positions. "
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The manual is separated into sections that can throughly inform a new member

regarding the attributes that a sister of the sorority should have. These qualities are
what are evaluated when a member is asked to take a position within the sorority. "
"

The first of these sections addresses a brief history of the sorority. Within this

section, it is discussed what it means to be a "Leading Women". This is referenced as

one who "commands us to be nobler women, to lead ourselves to personal excellence
and to lead others there as well. It commands us to set the bar high...not only have the
chance to lead on our campuses, in our communities, and in our professions, but we
also have the chance to effect real change."(New Member Manual, 46) Those women

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who are able to excel, and embody this concept of a leading woman, tend to hold
positions. This is because an individual who is described in this excerpt is one who has
a strong knowledge of their identity and is not afraid to show it in the face of adversity.
This woman would possess the strong authority to push past the glass ceiling to, in
summation, become a "Leading Woman"."
"

The second section discusses academic excellence. It explains how girls need to

be aware of their schooling and try their hardest to be the best that they can be. In order
to hold a position in the sorority, one must have a GPA of 3.5. (New Member Manual,
54) Those who have a very strong academic identity, by excelling in the classroom,
through being confident in their work, and expressing academic concerns, are the ones
who meet the GPA requirement, and therefore hold a position in the sorority. In order to
have a good identity, one must be authoritative and stand their ground in an academic
situation. This could be exemplified by something as simple as taking the lead on a
group project. "
"

The third module explains about leadership potential. This is a great quality for

those in a position to have. Without leadership potential, there is no authority over the
non-position holding members of the sorority. This module first explains to new
members about leadership opportunities on campus and in class. An example could be
taking leadership opportunities on a group project (used before) or going as far as
attempting to attain a position on SGA. The second section explains how one can build
upon those opportunities to try and get a leadership position in theta. (New Member
Manual, 61). Identity plays a role in leadership. Those who don't see an individual's

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identity are sometimes weary to follow them. In order to show great leadership potential,
one must posses a strong presence through showing identity and authority. "
"

I feel that this article is directly related to my topic questions of 1. How can

someone of new standing rise above those with seniority to a position of authority? 2.
Could too much identity hinder an individual's ability to rise to an authoritative position?
3. Would the choice to voice too many opinions or to show too much emotion diminish
that individual's chances? This manual provides a springboard to discuss how to
evaluate my questions. This manual explains the use of identity and authority within the
process of choosing."
"

My eighth source was an interview with the president of the Eta Theta chapter of

Kappa Alpha Theta, Taylor Aldrich. My main focus for this interview was to ask about her
feelings regarding her presidency, what qualities she feels make a good leader, and
how she handles situations. After those preliminary questions, I went on to ask her my
exact research questions."
"

Her answer to the first question was, that it's hard, but is definitely a rewarding

experience. In theta, the president serves for a full year (or two semesters). She starts
off in the spring, when the work load is less. Taylor explained how she is still getting
used to her position. She remarks,"a new situation or paper or form pops up everywhere
I turn". "Balancing school and the presidency is hard work", she laments. She explains
how she feels like the "under the radar" member by saying that she knows everything
that goes on the sorority. "I've dove into Theta, not dipped my feet in, DOVE. It's a lot at
once", she tells me. You don't fully understand how much there is that goes on within

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the sorority until you are in charge. All of the things that seem to run smoothly require a
lot of hard work, she explains. "
"

When asked what qualities make a good leader many were attributes previously

referenced. She goes on to say, "you have to really love your sorority, since you've seen
both sides of it", "understanding...if you don't have the ability to understand the situation,
you are not guiding the chapter into a better direction. People make mistakes and they
should have the opportunity to fix them and move on". Lastly, she describes a new
concept, patience. "If I wasn't patient, I would have been kicked out before I knew it. You
have to be able to take what is thrown out at you and turn the other cheek. Girls lash out
when threatened or hurt. If you are unable to sit and listen to it all, then you will never
get down to the main business. Girls are more willing to confess and tell the truth in a
less pressured and more understanding situation. That's why we have risk meetings
with the girls." Risk meetings are places where an accused girl gets to discuss the
situation she is in and ,as a group, they discuss punishment, if punishment is even
needed, afterwords. "
"

Taylor mentioned a great situation where she handled a situation well. She told a

story about her first big hiccup in the sorority during her presidency. It was the end of
late fall, after she had been voted to be the succeeding president. The seniors for that
semester decided to plan a bar crawl for a last little hoorah. "The night was going well..."
until one of the girls became extremely intoxicated. She was so inebriated that she
couldn't stop puking in the bathroom. Instead of causing a big commotion, Taylor
decided to quietly sit with this girl until she was able to get into the car to be driven to
the nearest hospital. The way things work is that any extreme incident must be reported

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to OFSL. Because she handled the situation with ease and minimal frustration she was
able to mark this as not a huge problem. Therefore, she did not have to report the
incident to OFSL, who, as we know, is very quick to hand out punishments for incident
reports. "
"

Taylor answered the question about someone of new standing rising above

someone of seniority by explaining that the way girls rise to positions doesn't have to do
with the amount years in the sorority, instead it has to do with their involvement in
addressing issues and problems that occur. "
"

In her response to whether too much identity hinder an individual's ability to rise

to an authoritative position, she answered that she felt that when these girls are
constantly showing their faces around the house, they are the ones that are more likely
to be chosen, because they are the most recognized. Members see them as successful
in the past and trust they are the correct ones to lead them. She also brought up that
when members are in the public eye too much for the wrong reasons, like getting called
to standards too much, It will turn those members off or put a distaste in their mouths.
This hinders their chances to rise to an authoritative position. "
She answered the final question about showing too much emotion or voicing too much
opinion diminishing an individual's chances of taking a position by saying that she could
see someone being so passionate about one issue and not realizing that it may be her
pet project. It may not benefit the sorority as a whole. Members of the sorority may not
choose a person with too much emotion because they are concerned she will not
appropriately exact punishments at standards. "

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"

Drawing from the articles previously referenced, I then began my own primary

research and analysis of The Eta Theta Chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta Sorority. I
personally noted that someone of new standing can rise above those of seniority to a
position of authority. When one steps in as a new member, it is obvious which one of the
older sisters have excelled, throughout their years in the community, and attained the
standards expected. I have observed, with the introduction of each new member class,
those sisters with the potential to achieve more. Eta Theta new member classes are not
completely composed of inexperienced freshmen. Ideally, our community strives to
recruit freshmen, because they are an investment over the four year run. It is the
intention of the sorority to groom members over three years to take positions as seniors.
Because college is a new experience to freshman, and they have not been tainted by
it's previous exposure to it's existence, they are like tiny sponges able to soak up
intended concepts and to be molded into the perfect versions of the women described
by our sorority. However, some freshman had previously held authoritative positions in
high school. It is unrealistic for freshman to hold officer positions initially because
elections are not until spring, and because they do not have enough recognizability as a
new person. However, due to their previous experience in high school as class or club
presidents, chairing prom committees, or as athletic team captains, these women have
the ability to chair a committee immediately during their first semesters. These freshfaced members have more enthusiasm to be involved in philanthropic events or extracurricular activities. They gain experience, and then the confidence to take a position of
authority. I noticed that these new members then surpass those senior members who
had been uninvolved and essentially "missed the boat"."

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"

In our community, some upper-classmen are included in the new member group.

Some sophomores', juniors' and even seniors' contributions were observed to be similar
to that of the new member freshmen, but they had the disadvantage of less time in the
community. Despite this, these girls are valuable candidates because of the college
experience that they have. These girls are put through more stringent evaluation prior to
being chosen for entry. Our community analyzes their previous college involvement and
chooses women who have been activists on the campus, members of SGA, charity
organizations, or student organizations. In this situation, women can be actively flushed
out from campus and recruited solely on the basis of the exact standards sought by Eta
Theta. Ideally, officers from non greek organizations are chosen based on intentional
analysis of their previous achievements. Those women are the individuals who can rise
above previously authoritative people in the sorority. "
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To the contrary, too much identity does not hinder an individual's ability to rise to

an authoritative position in our community. When a member is very involved and very
"facey", she is repeatedly observed as likable, trustworthy, and reliable. Members notice
that she is willing to put in extra effort on the communities behalf. When members are
asked to choose someone for representation, they choose the individual that they can
identify. Because of her identity, members are more willing to put faith in the innovative
initiatives proposed by someone with that quality."
"

I realized, through my research, that too much emotion may hinder an individual's

opportunities for leadership. Some members, I found, had a negative reaction when
they encountered opinionated sisters. When these opinionated members complain on
the sorority Facebook page about problems that they want remedied, but do not put in

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the effort to alleviate these situations, it is perceived that they expect others to solve
these situations. I personally observed, on more than one occasion, that these
emotionally opinionated women often actually derailed the positive motion of
constructive problem solving by voting no when a solution is up for discussion. One
emotionally involved individual was so obsessed with her negative vote, that she could
not come up with a viable solution. These type individuals, I noted, were often senior
members, who were reticent to changes to improve the sorority. I found that these
people should not be in an authoritative position because their emotional behavior led to
further stagnation, and possibly even contributed to degradation of the sorority, rather
than furthering positive changes and solutions."
Conclusion!
!

Overall, the articles I chose for this paper, all unearthed and highlighted qualities

that can be used to describe a good leader, minus the inclusion of Wardle's source, in
general. I chose to include that article because I feel it is important to be reminded what
identity and authority are. This is especially useful when it comes to answering my
research questions: 1. How can someone of new standing rise above those with
seniority to a position of authority? 2. Could too much identity hinder an individual's
ability to rise to an authoritative position? "
3. Would the choice to voice too many opinions or to show too much emotion diminish
that individual's chances? The process of understanding and answering these questions
revolves around the need for a good understanding of authority and identity. Once one
does have that understanding, then they realize that the qualities mentioned in the new
member orientation guide, the women "take care" article, the interview with Taylor, and

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finally the article on the under appreciated values of women are all qualities ascribed to
leading women. From there, the reader is able to understand these qualities are the
ones of the women who take positions within the Eta Theta chapter of Kappa Alpha
Theta sorority. Along with enabling the reader to sense a correlation between these
qualities and mannerisms associated with a strong identity and authority, this further
proves the answer to my first research question. In each of these articles, the women
that have these qualities and backgrounds are prepared to take positions over/istead of
those with seniority that are attempting to gain these qualities rather than possessing
them before. The article on reasons why women make bad leaders gives examples of
women in the sorority who don't take positions, whether it be due to the way that they
are brought up, the fact that they lack identity and authority in the sorority, or just
possess less, making them timid or weak. It also mentions women who have too much
identity, and turn people off ,thus hindering their changes to take an authoritative
position. All of these can be seen in new members of my sorority , but for the sake of
my research, I pointed out these qualities in girls with seniority. My interview with Taylor
reiterated that a woman with too many opinions or who shows too much emotion may
actually worsen her chances for a position by alienating members. Sometimes, I have
seen a senior member try to dominate the person giving them orders. More recently,
newer and younger girls have been taking positions. Sometimes girls with more
seniority, that are older, will challenge this. When the girl with the position handles this
situation well, it both enforces her right to be in that position and highlights that the girl
with seniority shouldn't be in that position. On the flip side, there are girls who are older

Scott 21
and have more seniority as well, but lack identity and authority. Those timid and meek
girls merely do what they are told. "
"

In general, I feel that my presentation of the articles was able to be perused in a

way that information from one built upon the next. I explained the idea, built upon the
idea, then created counterarguments, and finally explained them in association with the
research ideas. "

"
I took the advice given to me, and revised all secondary source articles. I condensed
them and now have presented an analysis of my own research augmented by
secondary sources. After adding an entire segment dedicated to discussion and
analysis of my primary research, the paper is now less lengthy than the previous
submission."
Works cited !
Kappa Alpha Theta Nationals. Member Orientation Facilitators Guide. Indianapolis, "
"

Indiana:Kappa Alpha Theta Nationals, 2014. PDF."

"
"Women 'Take Care,' Men 'Take Charge': Stereotyping of U.S. Business Leaders
Exposed." Catalyst, 2005. 4-10. Print."

"
Pynchon, Victoria. "3 Reasons You Don't Want Women Leaders." Forbes. Forbes "
"

"

Magazine, 14 Sept. 2012. Web. 20 Mar. 2015."

Scott 22
Llopis, Glenn. "The Most Undervalued Leadership Traits Of Women." Forbes. Forbes "
"

Magazine, 03 Feb. 2014. Web. 20 Mar. 2015." "

"
Wardle, Elizabeth. "Identity, Authority, and Learning to Write in New Workplaces". "
"

Writing About Writing a College Reader. Eds. Elizabeth Wardle, Doug Downs. "

"

Boston: Bedford/ St.Martin's, 2011 520-537. Print. "

"
Aldrich, Taylor. "Interview President." Personal interview. 06 Mar. 2015."

"
Kain, Donna, and Elizabeth Wardle. "Activity Theory: An Introduction for the Writing "
"

Classroom." Writing about Writing: A College Reader. Ed. Elizabeth A. Wardle "

"

and Doug Downs. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. 273-281. Print."

"
Dirk, Kerry. "Navigating Genres." Writing about Writing: A College Reader. Ed.

"

"

Charles Lowe and Pavel Zemliansky. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. N. "

"

pag. Print."

"
"

John Swales . "The concept of Discourse Community" Writing about Writing: A College Reader.
Ed. Elizabeth A. Wardle and Doug Downs. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. 466-478 . Print."

"