As the names imply, CVTs are built on the basis of a capacitor voltage divider (tapped stack of capacitors) to get

a low voltage for protection

and metering off a high voltage primary. The final section of the capacitor feeds a small VT that gives the output, with some phase correction
circuitry. CVTs are fine if you are using modern digital relays and meters, because they have relatively low burdens. The CVT has limited VA
capacity to drive them, so they often cannot provide what's needed to reliably operate older electromechanical relays and meters.
An IVT is basically a regular wound (hence "inductive") transformer, and produces its secondary voltage due to the ratio of primary to
secondary winding turns. They are often capable of higher VA, so they can work with the burden of electromechanical relays, or if they are
used in a bus metering & protection scheme where there may be relays, lights, meters, etc. all connected to one set of VTs.
Capacitive Voltage Transformer:
A voltage transformer comprising a capacitor divider unit and an electromagnetic unit so designed and interconnected that the secondary
voltage of the electromagnetic unit is substantially proportional to and in phase with the primary voltage applied to the capacitor divider unit.
Inductive Voltage Transformer:
It is like a regular electrical Voltage transformer where two inductor`s windings are place in close proximity to each other. A voltage can then
be applied across the windings of one of the inductors which will induce a current into the winding of the other inductor. The current through
the winding of the other inductor will cause a Voltage to be developed across the impedance of it`s winding.