Stasis Grid

Sukriti Ghosh

Author Info

Source Type

Categorical

Definitional

Causal

Evaluation

Action

Jurisdiction

Up to three names,
write them all; 4+,
write first name et
al. (i.e., Smith et
al.)

(popular, scholarly,
trade, government)

Does X exist?

Is X a Y?

Does X cause Y?
Is Y a result of X?

Is it good or bad?
Fair or unfair?
Harmful or
beneficial?

What should be
done about X?

Who is responsible?

Lelac Almagor,
teacher at
charter school
in D.C

The Good in
Standardized
Testing,
popular-Boston
Review

Standardized
tests help
schools to see
where students
rank nationally
in academics

James
Aycock
,administrator
at Tennessee
charter school

In Defense of
Standardized
Testing

Standardized
tests are not a
problem bad,
poorly formed
tests are the
real problem

Max An,
sophomore at
the University
of Maryland
studying
neurobiology
and physiology

Killing Our
Creative
Instincts

popular-Bluff
City Education

popular- The
Diamondback

Specifically,
standardized
tests promote
the notion that
there are right
and wrong
answers to
every question,
which is not the
case in life.

Lack of
standardized
testing can
cause huge
gaps in
education
based on
wealther and
less wealthy
regions
Standardized
tests are
beneficial
because they are
standardized and
thus can help
compare
students abilities
regardless of race
or socioeconmic
status.
The emphasis
on standardized
tests restricts
the
development of
creativity in
growing
students. This
is problematic
because

Standardized
tests need to
be better than
they are nowmore
individualized
and less
stressful
(possibly by
prepping more
for them)
We need to
change the
way students
are tested,
rather than
eliminate the
testing system
itself.

Stasis Grid
This sets up a
bad example
for students
who need to be
prepared for
life outside the
classroom.

Julia BarrierFerriera,
Teacher of
Reading and
Language Arts
at Western
Connecticut
State
University

Producing
Commodities or
Educating
Children?
Nurturing the
Personal
Growth of
Students in the
Face of
Standardized
Testing

Sukriti Ghosh

creativity is
needed in many
aspects of daily
life.
Emphasis on
standardized
testing also
places too
much focus on
subjects such as
math and
science, and
not enough on
the arts.
Because arts
education also
plays a big role
in student
creative and
emotional
development,
the lack of arts
programs is
problematic.
Standardized
tests cause
teachers to
focus solely on
developing
childrens
intellectual
ability rather
than their
intellectual,
social, and
emotional

A possible
focus on the
arts (like
literature) may
help to nurture
childrens
journey to
self-discovery
and deeper
learning skills.
These subjects
focus on the

Teachers and
administrators
are
dehumanizing
children due to
the intense
focus on
standardized
testing- instead
of cultivating
well-rounded
children with

Stasis Grid
scholarlyClearing House

Jo Boaler,
professor at
Standford
Graduate
School of
Education

When
Learning no
Longer Matters
standardized
testing and the
creation of
inequalityScholarly-Phi
Delta Kappan

Sukriti Ghosh

selves-which is
what schools
main purpose
should be.

Standardized
tests undermine
academically
talented
students in
low-income
areas

These tests fail

to test student
achievement
and, in the
process, reduce
students
motivation to
well in
enduring
environments

shared human
experience
and thus can
cultivate deep
critical
thinking skills.

Because lowincome students

are wrongly
undermined, they
are disadvantaged
because their
schools do not
receive funding
due to low test
scores

social and
academic skills,
schools are
now focused on
creating
commodities
(children) for
the global
market

Stasis Grid
Meredith
Broussard,
professor at
Temple
University

Why Poor
Schools Cant
Win at
Standardized
Testing,

Money drives a
lot of the
education
industry
textbook
companies
perpetuate the
purchases of
textbooks by
putting
textbook
answers in the
tests

popular-The
Atlantic

Renee M.
Casbergue,
Associate
professor at
Louisiana State
University

Assessment
and Instruction
in Early
Childhood
Education:
Early Literacy
as a Microcosm
of Shifting
Perspectives
scholarlyJournal of
Education

Assessments of
children are
starting to
become more
popular,
because early
literacy is
becoming more
important.
However, these
assessments do
nothing to help
children as they
find the task of
standardized
testing strange
and confusing.

Standardized
tests for
children
typically assess
things they are
not familiar
with such as
sound-symbol
knowledge for
reading tests.

Standardized
testing do not
allow children
to show their
full range of
learning and
show them to
be less
knowledgeable
than they really
are.

Sukriti Ghosh
Standardized
tests
disadvantage
low-income
students because
they are unable to
purchase
textbooks that
contain answers
to these tests.

Textbook
companies, that
also make most
standardized
tests, are the
culprit behind
the inequity of
the testing and
education
system.

Stasis Grid
Dr. Gail Gross,
nationally
recognized
family and
child
development
expert, author
and lecturer

TheValueof
Standardized
Testing
popularThe
HuffingtonPost

Teaching to the
test is not
necessarily a
bad thing-it
would ensure
that students
learn what they
need to know
in each stage of
their academic
career.

Sukriti Ghosh

Standardized
tests are
objective and
critical
measurements
of student
achievement in
not only
knowledge, but
skills and
abilities. They
must also have
a certain
validity,
reliability to
pass criteria.
Standardized
test are
diagnostic tests
that can help
teachers to
better
understand
their students
academic
needs.

Greg Jouriles,
teacher and
administrator

Heres why we
dont need
standardized
testing.,
popularEducation
Weekly

Under pressure
of testing,
people
(teachers,
students,
parents)
game or
cheat the

Testing has
decreased the
collaboration
and
conversation
between
teachers, and
the education

Schools
should focus
on teachers
assessing
student
achievement
rather than
relying on

Stasis Grid
system

Daniel M.
Koretz,
professor of
Education at
Harvard
university

Limitations in
the Use of
Achievement
Tests as
Measures of
Educators'
Productivity.,
scholarly-The
Journal of
Human
Resources

Peggy L. Maki,
education
consultant
accreditation
and assessment
specialist

Moving
Beyonda
NationalHabit
intheCallfor
Accountability
scholarlyPeer
Review

1. There may
be statistical
errors in the
sampling that is
used to create
standardized
tests, which
signifies that
the tests are
more geared to
one population
than another.
2. Test-based
accountability
of teachers
does not
always worktests do not
accurately
assess teacher
achievement.
Standardized
tests do not
accurately
measure
student
achievement
because they
demand that

Sukriti Ghosh

system needs to
get this back.

tests to do so.

Test inflation and

corruption often
occur in the
realm of
standardized
testing, which
doesnt help the
students to
actually learn
material, but
somehow cheat
the system

We should
change from a
testing model
to a value
model in
educationwhere instead
of relying on

Policy makers
and many
institutions
encourage the
use of these
tests because
they offer
quick,

Stasis Grid

Sukriti Ghosh

tests takers
perform within
an instruments
closed universe
of
measureable
responses.

Noliwe R.
Rooks,
associate
professor at
Cornell
University

WhyitsTime
toGetRidof
Standardized
Testing
popularTime
Magazine

The
achievement
gap between
white/asian
students and
black/Hispanic
is an unfair
effect of
standardized
testing.
There are also
extreme
achievement
gaps between
students of
different wealth
sectors, which

tests to assess
student
achievment,
we rely on
nationally
agreed upon
rubrics of
student
generated
work so that
skills such as
creative
thinking and
intercultural
competence is
also tested for
in the
education
system.
The history of
standardized tests
shows a lot about
the actual
intention of these
tests:
standardized tests
were first
developed to
exclude Jewish
students from Ivy
League
campusesimplying that
they are made to
exclude groups of
people (be it
based on race,

standardized
results of
student
achievement.
However, the
results are not
accurate in
showing
student
achievement.
Thus
encouraging
these tests does
not help the
education
system in any
way.

Stasis Grid
also implies an
unfair
advantage to
wealthier
students in
standardized
testing.
Bob Sternberg,
provost at
Oklahoma
University,
previous Yale
professor, and
Tufts
University
Dean of Arts
and Sciences

None of the
Above: Why
Standardized
Testing Fails

Richard J.
Stiggins,
founder of
Assessment
Training
Institute of
Pearson

Assessment
Crisis:The
Absenceof
Assessment
FORLearning

popular- TED
talks

ScholarlyPhi
DeltaKappan

These tests are

outdated- they
no longer can
work as
assessments for
todays ever
changing and
diversifying
population.

The current
education
system fails to
balance the
assessment of
learning and
the assessment
for learning.
Only
assessments of
learning, in the
form of
standardized
tests, are in
place. There
needs to be a

Sukriti Ghosh
ethnicity, wealth
etc.)

Standardized
tests are tests
that assess only
memory and
analytical
skills. They do
not test for
other critical
skills such as
creativity and
practicality that
are needed to
survive outside
the classroom.

Poor results of
these tests can
discourage even
the brightest of
students from
doing well in
school.

The intense
focus on
standardized
testing in the
U.S. has lead to
education
becoming an
informational
tool for policy
makers, and
students
overwhelmed
by high-stakes
testing
programs.

The education
system needs
to implement
assessments
for learning,
assessments
that help
students to
learn more
rather than test
what they
already know.
These
assessments
include
techniques

Stasis Grid

Sukriti Ghosh

way to
implement
assessments of
learning so that
we can ensure
student
achievement
and reduce the
crisis in our
education
system.
Patrick J. Wolf,
professor of
Education
Reform and
Endowded
Chair in school
choice,
University of
Arkansas

Academic
Improvement
Through
Regular
Assessment
scholarly
Peabody
Journalof
Education

such as using
assessments to
build student
confidence in
their own
learning skills.

Regular
assessments
would not
interfere with
actual learning
because
students would
have to study
for the tests,
and gain
complete
mastery of the
concepts on the
test, and
teachers would
have to make
sure that these
concepts are
being taught.

Regular
assessment can
show students
where they stand
in comparison to
other students
and thus show
teachers and
parents if they
need
improvement.
Without the tests,
students could
move on to
advanced levels
of learning
without having
mastered basic
concepts covered
in standardized
tests.

There should
be more
regular
assessments,
because these
tests promote
the full
mastery of
concepts that
students must
learn . Without
regular
assessment,
there is no
guarantee that
crucial
concepts are
being gained.

Stasis Grid

Sukriti Ghosh

Working Bibliography
Almagor, Lelac. The Good in Standardized Testing. Boston Review. Sept. 2014. Web. 22 February 2015.
Aycock, James. In Defense Of Standardized Testing. Bluff City Education. Web. 28 February 2015.
An, Max. Killing Our Creative Instincts. The Diamondback. 3 March 2015. Web.
Barrier-Ferreira, Julia. Producing Commodities or Educating Childre?Nurturing the Personal Growth of Students in the Face of
Standardized Testing. Clearing House. 81.3(2008): 138-140. Web. 24 March 2015.
Boaler, Jo. When Learning no Longer Matters standardized testing and the creation of inequality. Phi Delta Kappan 84.7(2003):
502-506. Web. 21 February 21 2015
Broussard, Meredith. Why Poor Schools Cant Win at Standardized Testing. Atlantic. July 2014. Web. 22 February 2015.
Casbergue, Renee M. Assessment and Instruction in Early Childhood Education: Early Literacy As a Microcosm of Shifting
Perspectives.Journal of Education. 190.1/2(2010):13-20.Web. 24 March 2015.
Gross, Gail. The Value of Standardized Testing. Huffington Post. July 2013. Web. 24 March 2014.
Jouriles, Greg. Heres why we dont need standardized testing.Education Week 33.36(2014). 36,40. Web. 22 February 2015.
Koretz, Daniel M. Limitations in the Use of Achievement Tests as Measures of Educators' Productivity.The Journal of Human
Resources 37.4(2002):752-777. Web. 21 February 2015.

Stasis Grid

Sukriti Ghosh

Maki, Peggy L. Moving Beyond a National Habit in the Call for Accountability. Peer Review. 11.1(2009):13-17.Web. 24 March
2015.
Rooks, Noliwe R. Why Its Time to Get Rid of Standardized Tests. Time Magazine. October 2012. Web. 24 March 2014.
Sternberg, Bob. None of the Above: Why Standardized Testing Fails. TED. December 2012. Lecture.
Stiggins, Richard J. "Assessment crisis: The Absence of Assessment for Learning." Phi Delta Kappan 83.10 (2002): 758-765. Web.
24 March 2015.
Wolf, Patrick J. Academic Improvement Through Regular Assessment. Peabody Journal of Education(0161956X).82.4(2007):690702. Web. 24 March 2015.