A

Major Project Presentation on

Design of Water Treatment Plant

ByBatch No-A2
Roll No. 17-32

Distribution of Earth`s Water

Why Treatment is Required

Following Are The Reason's For Which Water Treatment is

RequiredTo Remove The Turbidity From The Water

To Remove The Bacteria's From The Water

To Remove Acidity/Alkalinity

To Remove the T.D.S.

To Remove Hardness From Water

Water Treatment Process

Factors Considered in The Designing of Water

treatment Plant

1. Population
2. Purpose
3. Per Capita Demand According To Living Standard

Population Forecasting
Population Forecasting Can Be Done By Following Three
Method's1. Arithmetic Method
2. Geometric Method
3. Incremental Increase Method

1. Arithmetic method

Pn = P0+ nc
Where,
P0 = Initial population
Pn = Population in dh decade
n = No. of decades
c = Average increase

Year

Population

Difference

2001

23.23 lac

2011

36.02 lac

12.79
C=12.79

P2021= 36.02 +(1 12.79)

= 48.81 lac

P2025 = 33.02 + (1.5 12.79)

= 55.20 lac

2. Geometric Method
Pn =Po (1+r/100)

Pn = Population in the dh decade

Po = Population any decade
r = Percentage increase
N = No. of decade
r = {(36.0223.23)/23.23} 100
=55.05%

P2021= 36.02 {1+(55.05/100)} 1

= 55.83 lac

P2025= 69.50 lac

3. Incremental Increase Method

Pn = Po + (r + i)

r = Average rate of increase in population per decade

I = Average rate of incremental increase per decade
Po = Population in any decade
Pn = Population in n decade

P2021= p +avg. increase per decade+ avg. incremental increase

0

= 36.02+12.79
= 48.81 lac

P2025= 48.81+ 12.79

= 61.6 lac

But On an avg. we take population 60 lac in accordance

to JDA 2025 Master Plan For Urban Jaipur

Design of Screening

Design Procedure
Assumption
a. Manually cleaned screen
b. Inclination of bars = 30
c. Size of bars = 50 X 6 X 6 mm3
d. Clear spacing between two bars = 10mm
e. Flow velocity of normal screen = 800mm/sec
= 0.8m/s (at peak flow)

Design
Population = 7, 50,000
Avg. rate of water Supply = 135 l/p/d
Avg. rate of water supply per day = 7, 50,000 X 135
= 101.25 MLD
Avg. rate of water supply in cumecs
={7, 50,000 X 135/ 1000 X 24 X 60 X 60 }
= 1.17 Cumec (D.W.F)
Max. Flow = 3 X DWF
= 3.51 Cumecs
Or
3 X 101.25 = 303.75 MLD
[303.75 X 106/1000 X 24 X 60 X 60]
= 3.51 m3/sec.

Now,
Net submerged area of the screen
=[3.51/0.8 ] = 4.4 m2
Submerged area of the screen = 4.4 X Sin 30
= 2.2 m2
Flow velocity in screen = {3.51/2.2}
= 1.6 m/s
Provide 40 bars =
Cross width of screen chamber = 40 X 0.006 (Rod area) + 41 X
0.003 (Gap area)
= .363 m
Liquid depth = Submerged Screen Area/Cross Width of Screen
Chamber
= 2.2 /0.363 =6.06 m
Providing free board = 0.25m
Total depth = 6.06+0.025 = 6.085 m

Now Slope
Hydraulic mean depth (m) = Area /Wetted perimeter
= {6.085 X .363 /(2 X 6.085) + 0.363}
= 0.176 m
Using mannings formula

1.6 = 1 0.6 X 0.1762/3 X i(1/3)

i = 28.56

Settling Tank

Designing of Settling Tank

Volume of water to be treated = 303.75 MLD
Detention time = 240 min = 4hr.
Velocity of flow = 20cm/min
Length of tank = Velocity X Detention time
= 0.2 X 240
= 48m
Volume of water in 4 hr.
={303.75 X 106 X 4/ 1000 X 24} = 50,625 m3
Cross sect. canal area (A) = V/ L = 50,625/48
= 1054.69 m2
Assume depth = 3 m
Width of tank = 1054.69/3
= 351.56 m
Provide 1 m extra depth for waste storage & 0.5 m for free board
Total depth = 3+1.5 = 4.5m

Coagulation

There are two methods of feeding coagulants in water:

1. Dry Feeding
2. Wet Feeding
Coagulants are:
1. Aluminum sulphate or alum
2. Sodium aluminates

Alum Dose
Design criteria for alum dose=Alum required in particular season
is given that
Mansoon = 50mg/l
Winter = 20mg/l
Summer = 05 mg/l
Per day alum required for Summer season = 5 X 10-6 X 7,50,000X 135 X
103 kg/day
= 506.25 X 103 kg/day
For six months = 506.25 X 103 X 180
= 91.135 X 106 kg
No of bags if 1 bag contains 50 kg. Of alum
So no. of bags= {91.135 X 106 }/50 = 1.8225 X 106 bag
If 15 bags in each heap = 121,500 heaps
If area of one heap be 0.2m2 then total area required = 121,500 X 0.2
= 24300 m2

Lime-Soda Process
Design criteria
Design criteria for lime soda process
Molecular weight of
Caco3 = 40+12+48 = 100
Cao = 40+16
= 56
100 kg/l of Caco3 alkalinity required = 56mg/l of Cao
So 110 mg/l of Caco3 alkalinity required = {56 X 110}/100
=61.6 mg/l of cao
Lime required for magnesium
24 mg/l of magnesium required = 56mg/l of cao
1 mg/l of magnesium required = 56/ 24 mg/l of cao

So 3.5 mg/l of magnesium required = 56 X 3.5 /24

= 8.2 mg/l of cao
Hence the total pure lime required = 61.6+8.2 = 69.8 mg/l
Also 56 kg of pure lime (cao) is equivalent to 74 kg of hydrated
lime
Hence hydrated lime = 69.8 X 74/56
= 92.23 mg/l
If one bag contains 50 kg then no of bags = 4482.38
= 4483 bags
15 bags in each heap so no. of heaps = 298.87
~ 299 heaps
If area of one heap is 0.2 m2 then total area required = 2990.2
= 59.8 m2

Soda (Na2Co3)
100 mg/l of NCH required = 106 mg/l of No2Co3
161.6 mg/l of NCH required = {106 X 161.6}/100
= 65.59 mg/l of No2Co3
So Total quantity of lime required
= 92.23 X 7,50,000 X 135 X 10-6 kg per day
= 9338.28 kg/day
So for 180 days = 1.68 X 106 kg
If one bag contains 50 kg then no of bags = 33,617.808
~ 33,618 bags
15 bags in each heap so no. of heaps = 2241.2
~ 2242 heaps
If area of one heap is 0.2 m2 then total area required = 448.24
= 449 m2
Total quantity of soda required for 180 days
= 65.59 X 750000 X135 X 180 X10-6
= 6640.98 kg

So no of bags required = 6640.98/ 50

= 132.82 bags
No of heaps = 133/15
= 8.86
~9 heaps
So area required = 9 X 0.2
= 1.8 m2
Total area required for alum dose + lime dose + soda dose
= 449+1.8+59.8
= 510.6 m2
And add 30 % for chlorine storage
So = 1.3 X 510.6 = 663.78m2

So provide 4 rooms of dimension = 15 X 12 m

Design of Chemical Dissolving Tank

Total quantity of alum, lime and soda
= 6640.98+(1.68 X 106)+ (91.135 X 106)
= 92.82 X 106 kg
For per day requirement
= {92.82 X 10

6}/ 180

= 515666.66 kg/day
So daily no. of bags required = 10313.33 bags
~10314 bags
So no. of heaps = 10314/15
= 687.6
~ 688 heaps
Area required = 688 X 0.2
= 137.6 m2

Clariflocculator

Rapid Sand Filter

Disinfection chamber {Chlorination Unit}

Result
Clean drinking water

THANK YOU!

QUARRIES