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differs from nominal data because there is an ordering scheme present for ordinal data.
(Sequois). An example of ordinal level data is certain financial information from patients at
Hospital K. This data is helpful by effectively allowing the Hospitals database to place patients
salary ranges into broad ranges for purposes such as billing. Data of patients earned salaries can
range from below poverty to, low, middle, or high providing a platform to determine medically
indigent individuals. These ranges do not provide the dollar or amounts earned. Poverty level
earners wages are lower than middle level earners but an exact amount is incalculable when
comparing only these ranges.
Interval data level is meaningful and its differences can be measured. (Sequois). An example of
interval level data is the initial temperature of a patient triaged at Hospital Ks ED. It can be
measured and compared to the time he or she was admitted. There is, however, no beginning
point or zero from which the numerical value will initially proceed; therefore the ratios
calculated between those two temperatures are meaningless.
Below is an example of interval data as represented by a bar graph.
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
Janurary
Source: Hospital K
Year: Unspecified
Seen By An
EP
AD to
Hospital
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2323
2012
2285
2328
2460
2551
2729
2735
2541
2586
2341
2332
372
304
402
338
343
370
372
370
328
403
391
396
29,233
4,389
Source: Hospital K
Year: Unspecified
Central measures of tendency include the mean of quantitative data that can be described
by analyzing the three categories of patients visiting the ED. The mean of those seeing an EP is
29,223.00. The mean of those AD is 4,389.00 Finally those arriving via AMB is 5,0668.00. The
mean of patients seen in the ED for this year is 2695.75.
The mode is the number that occurs with the most frequency in a data set.7 The only
category in which a mode appeared was in AD. The mode is present twice in the AD category.
372.00 patients visited the ED and were admitted, which occurred in both January and July. The
mode reappeared in June and August at 370.00 patients visiting the ED . August has the highest
total of of individuals seeing an EP out of all the twelve months in the year. Perhaps its because
August was a busy travel month that particular year and the citys population increased, thereby
increasing the number of visits to the ED. One might speculate that perhaps there is a correlation
between more school-aged children home for summer vacation playing at home and outdoors
thus an increased risk of accidental injury may present which could be reflected in the month of
August which contains the highest monthly totals of patients visiting the ED that year.
11
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
It can be reasonably inferred that with this scatter diagram a line fits reasonably well. Typically
as the amount of individuals seen in the ED increases, so does the rate of patient admissions, thus
a positive correlation is determined between X and Ys relationship. Below is a table configured
to find the least square line (best fitting line).
X=AD
Y=Total n seen
372
2636
304
2295
402
2618
338
2550
343
2750
370
2789
372
2956
370
2982
328
2793
403
2814
391
2594
396
2572
SUM: 4389
32349
XY
980592
697680
1052436
861900
943250
1031930
1099632
1103340
916104
1134042
1014254
1018512
11853672
(X)2
(Y)2
138384 6948496
92416 5267025
161604 6853924
114244 6502500
117649 7562500
136900 7778521
138384 8737936
136900 8892324
107584 7800849
162409 7918596
152881 6728836
156816 6615184
1616171 87606691
The formula for the best fitting line the is: Y-hat= a + bx.
a equals the Y intercept and bx the slope. B is found by using the equation SSxy divided by SSx.
a is found by setting a to equal Y-bar - bx.
X-bar =365.75 and Y-bar equals 2695.75.
SSxy= The sum of XY minus the sum of the Xs times the sum of the Ys. SSx equals the
sum of X squared minus the sum of the Xs squared divided by n. b equals 0.0012, whereas a
equals 2695.31. The least squares line formula is Y-hat= 2695.31 + (0.0012)(365.75).
Source: Hospital K
Year: Unspecified
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Patients Admitted