CH 16 Circulation

16.1 The Bodys Transport System

A. The Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System a network that
links all parts of your bodylike a
highway.

heart

blood vessels

blood

1. The cardiovascular system

(a.k.a. the circulatory
system):

Carries needed materials to

cells
Removes wastes from cells
Transports disease fighting
cells

a. Delivering needed materials

Blood carries most
substances that need to be
moved in the body
ie) oxygen from the
lungs, and glucose as
energy to the cells

b. Removing waste products

Cardiovascular (CV) system picks
up waste from cells
Carries the waste products to
areas of the body where it can be
eliminated
ie) carbon dioxide produced by
glucose is carried to the lungs to
be exhaled

c. Fighting disease
Transport cells that attack disease

example: white blood cells

How does the cardiovascular

system help fight disease?

Transports disease fighting cells

B. The Heart
Heart a hollow,
muscular organ that
pumps blood
throughout the body
Each time the heart
beats, it pushes blood
through the blood
vessels

1. The Hearts Structure

a. The heart has a right side and a left side
b. Septum wall of tissue that separates the
right side of the heart from the left
c. Each side has two chambers upper and
lower

 Atrium the two

upper chambers of the
heart that receive
blood
Pacemaker - in the
upper right atrium a
group of heart cells
that controls the speed
of the heart beat

 Ventricle the
lower chambers of
the heart that pump
blood out of the
heart, separated by
valves
Valves a flap of
tissue that prevents
blood from flowing
backward

Warm up 5/8/15
1. What is the Cardiovascular System?
2. What are the Cardiovascular System main
functions?
3. How does the cardiovascular system help
fight disease?
4. What divides the heart?
5. How many chambers does the heart have
and what are the names of them?

2. How the Heart Works

* Heart works in 2 main phases
a. First, heart muscle relaxes and the heart fills
with blood
b. Second, heart muscles contracts and pumps
blood forward

Heartbeat can be heard during the pumping

What is the role of the

pacemaker?

Controls the speed of the heart beat

C. Two Loops
After leaving the heart the blood travels
into the blood vessels
There are three (3) kinds of blood vessels:

 Arteries blood vessels that carry blood

away from the heart
Capillaries tiny, narrow vessels where
substances are exchanged between the
blood and body cells
Veins blood vessels that carry blood
back to the heart

1. Pattern of Blood Flow

a. Blood travels in one direction.
b. The heart is at the center of the two loops
c. In the 1st loop blood travels from the heart
to the lungs and back to the heart
d. In the 2nd loop blood is pumped from the
heart through the body and back to the
heart
e. Right side of the heart pumps to the lungs
f. Left side pumps to the rest of the body

2. Loop 1:To the lungs and back

a.

b.

c.

d.

Blood from the body

enters the right atrium
with little O2 and lots of
CO2
To lungs
Blood flows from atrium
to the ventricle where it is
pumped into the arteries
that lead to the lungs
O2 from the lungs enters
From
the blood through the
body
capillaries and the CO2
moves in the opposite
direction
The blood is now rich in
O2 and flows to the left
side of the heart

From lungs

To body

3. Loop 2:To the body and back

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

O2 rich blood in the left

atrium moves to the left
ventricle
From the left ventricle blood
To lungs
is pumped into the aorta
Aorta the largest artery
in the body
Blood moves from the aorta
to the capillaries to different
parts of the body
From
O2 in the blood moves into
body
the body cells at the same
time the CO2 moves out of
the cells and into the blood
Low O2 blood now flows
back to the right atrium

From lungs

To body

D. Arteries
a. When blood leaves the heart it travels
through the arteries
b. Right Ventricle arteries go to the lungs
c. Left Ventricle arteries go to the aorta
d. Smaller arteries branch off the aorta the
first are called the coronary arteries
e. Coronary arteries carry blood away
from the heart

1. Artery Structure
a.
b.

The walls of arteries are generally very thick they

are made up of 3 cell layers
The layers give the arteries strength and flexibility

2. Pulse
a. Pulse the alternating expansion and
relaxation of the artery wall
b. The faster your heart beats, the faster
your pulse will be
c. Heartbeats = pulse beats

3. Regulating Blood Flow

a. Arteries control the amount of blood
different organs receive
b. Muscles contract causing less blood to
flow
c. Muscles relax opening the vessels
allowing more blood to flow

What causes your pulse?

Alternating expansion and relaxation of

the artery wall

E. Capillaries
1. In capillaries, materials are exchanged
between the blood and the bodys cells.
2. Capillary walls are only one cell thick.
3. Diffusion the process by which
molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower
concentration

F. Veins
1. After blood moves through
capillaries, it enters larger
blood vessels called veins,
which carry blood back to the
heart
2. The walls of veins, like those
of arteries, have three layers
with muscle in the middle
layer, but are thinner than
arteries

3. Blood is pushed through veins in 3 ways:

a. Contraction of skeletal muscles
b. Valves prevent blood from flowing
backwards
c. Breathing movements

How do skeletal muscles help move

blood in veins?

The contractions of the muscles helps

push the blood along

G. Blood Pressure
1. Blood pressure the pressure that is
exerted by the blood against the walls of
blood vessels caused by the force of
ventricle contraction
2. As blood moves away from the heart the
blood pressure decreases
3. Measured by a sphygmomanometer