Viewpoints 2 Workbook

Grammar Review
Present Simple and Present

Continuous
1. Choose the correct answer.
1. Im angry with William. I am not talking /

dont talk to him.
Past Simple and Past Continuous

4. Write sentences using the words below. Use
the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
1. your brother / watch TV / when / you / get home / ?
2. Listen! My sister is singing / sings in the shower.
Was your brother watching TV when

you got home?
3. This cheese tastes / is tasting strange.
2. you / finish / the / English homework / yesterday / ?
4. Are you thinking / Do you think Ann is pretty?
5. Laura is walking / walks to school every day.
Did you finish the English homework

yesterday?
3. I / not eat sushi / when / I / in Japan / last year / .
2. Complete the sentences with the correct

form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present
Simple or Present Continuous.
sets
1. The sun
2. Please dont disturb me. I

(study).
3. I still
(set) in the west.
4. last year / Susie / work / in a shop / while / study / .
am studying
dont know (not know) the answer.

Do
go
you always
4.
(go) to the cinema on Friday nights?
are
5. We
Sunday.
6. How much
having
Last year, Susie was working in a shop

while she was studying.
5. Complete the e-mail with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or
Past Continuous.
(have) a picnic next
does
weigh
I didnt eat sushi when I was in Japan

last year.

this parcel
(weigh)?
Rob@gmail.com
Dear Rob,
3. Complete the school newsletter page with

the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use
the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
Coming Soon
Dont forget! Our school 1. is participating
(participate) in the annual Community Action Day
on 23rd September. Sign up now to volunteer!
Mark your calendar: The Film Club
2.
meets
(meet) every Monday at
3.
are showing
8 pm. Next week, they
4.
stars
(show) Up in the Air. It
(star) George Clooney.
Do
want
5.
you
(want) to
learn how to cook? Next Friday afternoon, the chef
is offering
from Angies Restaurant 6.
(offer) a free basic cookery lesson to all
interested students. Contact Mona in the
office for details.
Youre lucky that you missed the 80s tribute bands

began
concert last night. It 1.
(begin)
2.
refused
badly. The organisers
(refuse)
to open the doors to the arena early, even though it
3.
was snowing (snow) heavily. Then, when
let
they finally 4.
(let) people in,
5.
went
nearly everyone
(go) to the
coffee kiosks to buy a hot drink, but guess what?
The espresso machines 6. werent working
didnt get
(not work). Things 7.
(not get)
better during the concert. All of the bands
8.
sounded
(sound) terrible because there
was something wrong with the sound system. And
while the last band 9. was playing
(play), the
10.
went out
lights suddenly
(go out).
Too bad I spent so much money on a ticket!
See you on Friday,
Gina.

Viewpoints 2 Workbook B Burlington Books
Grammar Review
Present Perfect Simple and

Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple and

Past Simple
6. Rewrite the sentences using the words in

brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or
Past Perfect Simple. Do not change the original
meaning of the sentences.
8. Complete the sentences with a time expression

below.
1. Sherry doesnt know how to ride a bicycle. (never)
1. A: Londons one of my favourite cities. What do

you think of it?
Sherry has never ridden a bicycle (before).
2. I didnt know Dan until three years ago. (for)

I have known Dan for three years.
3. Jane finished her work. Then she went to the

cinema. (after)

I had never met Robs new girlfriend

before last night. / Before last night, I had
never met Robs new girlfriend.
5. I didnt see Anne at the school picnic. She left

before I arrived. (by the time)

B: I dont know. Ive
never
been there.
2. A: Do you want to borrow this book?

B: No, thanks. Ive
already read it twice.
3. A: Are you having a driving lesson later today?

Jane went to the cinema after she had
finished her work. / After Jane had finished B: No, I had one yesterday .
her work, she went to the cinema.
4. I met Robs new girlfriend for the first time last

night. (before)

in 2004 already yesterday just

never then yet
By the time I arrived at the school picnic,

Anne had left. / Anne had left by the time
I arrived at the school picnic.
7. Complete the passage with the correct form of

the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect
Simple, Past Perfect Simple or Past Simple.
During the past decade, the increasing presence of

has led
mobile phones 1.
(lead) to a rise
in public discussion related to their use. In recent years,
have done
researchers 2.
(do) studies on
their possible health effects. And lately, many places
3.
have made (make) it illegal to hold a phone
while driving. But for many people, the biggest problem
of mobiles is rude behaviour including loud, personal
conversations, and the use of phones in cinemas and
restaurants. Some people are starting to fight this.
During a play in New York in September 2009, the
plays two stars, Daniel Craig and Hugh Jackman,
4.
shouted
(shout) at a man in the audience
rang
when his mobile phone not only 5.
6.
didnt
silence
(ring) several times, but he

(not silence) it. And Amy Alkon, an American writer,
called
once 7.
(call) a man to complain
8.
had forced (forced) her to listen
that he
to his loud conversation earlier that day in a caf. How
9.
did
get
she
(get) his
phone number? He said it loudly during his phone call,
wrote
and Ms Alkon simply 10.
(write) it
down.
4. A: Have you already been to the library?

B: No. I met Jane for breakfast, and

we went to the shopping centre.
then
5. A: How long have you had your dog?

B: We got him

puppy.
in 2004 , when he was a
6. A: Is Lisa coming to visit this weekend?

B: Im not sure. She hasnt decided
yet
7. A: Someone delivered this parcel for you a few

minutes ago. Hurry up open it!

just
B: Wait a minute. Ive
walked
through the door. I want a cup of coffee first!
9. Complete the passage with the correct form of

the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect
Simple or Past Simple.
heard (hear) of the Klingon

you
language? It is a language featured in many of the Star
Trek films. Marc Okrand, an American linguist,
2.
invented
(invent) Klingon in the early
1.
Have
1980s. The complex language was an immediate hit with

Star Trek fans. Since then, they 3. have bought
(buy) over a quarter of a million copies of the Klingon
wrote
dictionary that Okrand 4.
(write).
5. have established
In addition, they
(establish)
Klingon study groups, websites and fan clubs. They also
6. have published
(publish) books and released CDs
on the language. People who are fluent in Klingon can
finally read a Klingon translation of the Shakespeare play
began
Hamlet, a project that 7.
(begin)
8.
greeted
several years ago. They probably
(greet) that news by saying, buy' ngop. Thats Klingon
for Thats great news!

Future Simple, be going to and

Present Continuous with Future
Meaning
10. Complete the dialogues with the correct form
of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple,
Present Continuous or be going to. There may
be more than one possible answer.
A: 1. Are / Are / Will you

(see) Bill tonight?
seeing /
going to see / see
A: Do you know what Bill 3.
is doing /
is going to do (do)?
will
B: No. I 2. am studying / (study) for my history

am going to study
exam.
B: Im not sure, but he 4.
play
probably
games with his brother.
(play) computer
is bringing /
A: Who 5. is going to bring (bring) food to the

picnic on Saturday?
B: David 6. is going to make /(make)
is making
enough sandwiches for everyone. And he
7.
is
also going to stop
(stop) on the way to buy large bags of crisps.
A: OK. So I 8.
will bring
B: Good. Do you think we

(need) anything else?
9.
(bring) fizzy drinks.
will need
A: I dont think so.
1. Those are beautiful earrings.

(Mum / love / them)
1. By this time tomorrow night, John

will have played in his 100th game
for our team, but he hopes that at this time
next year, he will be scoring
goals for
Manchester City.
will be going
2. I really miss Sue. I know I
to visit her in three months time, but by then,
we wont have seen each other for six
months.
3. I wont
because I
then.
be running in the race on Sunday

wont have
enough by
practiced
4. By the end of the week, he

will have bought furniture, and on
will be moving into his
Saturday, he
new flat.
omplete the dialogues with the correct form
13. C
of the verbs in brackets. Use a future tense.
There may be more than one possible answer.
Mum will love them.
Im going to move there in a few months.
3. We have got plenty of time.

(we / not be / late)
is going to visit /
B: She
will be visiting (visit) her
boyfriends family in France in the summer.
will
B: In that case, I
tea instead of coffee.
have
(have)
3. A: What time do you want to meet tomorrow

morning?

will
B: After ten. I
breakfast by then.
have had
(have)
4. A: Do you have plans for tonight?
We wont be late.
4. Relax.
(you / pass / the / driving test / tomorrow)
You will pass the driving test tomorrow.
5. Be careful!
(you / spill / the coffee)

buy not practise play score go

not see move not run
2. A: Im sorry, but theres no more milk.
2. I cant wait to move to New York!

(I / move / there / in a few months)

12. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs below. Use the Future Continuous
or Future Perfect.
1. A: Why does Emma want to learn French?
11. Write a logical continuation with the words in

brackets. Use the Future Simple or be going to.
Future Perfect Simple and

Future Continuous
B: Yes. I am going to go / (go) to a

am going
basketball game with my dad.
5. A: Is that the Golden Gate Bridge?

B: Yes, and in a moment, we

are going to drive / (drive) over it.
will be driving
Youre going to spill the coffee!
6. A: Im looking forward to seeing Laura tonight.

B: Oh, I forgot to tell you. She

isnt coming / (not come).
isnt going to come

Grammar Review
Review of Tenses
omplete the passage with the correct form

16. C
of the verbs in brackets.
1 4. Complete the sentences with a suitable word

or time expression below.
how long by then while never

in the future always when
at three in the morning
1. Were bringing Sam at ten oclock tonight.
By then
, all the guests will have
arrived for his surprise party.
2. Why was your dog barking
at three in the morning?

always
3. She
goes to the yoga class
on Tuesdays because she likes the teacher.
4. Shes an excellent windsurfer. I think shell win
a lot of championships in the future .
How long
5.
6. Did you cry
have you known Rita?
when
the film ended?
7. Janis was talking on the phone

while
she was cutting vegetables.
never
8. Ive
journal. Its private.
let anyone read my
1 5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in

brackets. Do not change the original meaning
of the sentences. Make any necessary changes.
1. Is this your first time in San Francisco? (before)

Have you been to San Francisco before?
2. When did you move into this flat? (how long)

How long have you lived in this flat?
3. I watched a film during the flight. (while)

While we were flying, I watched a film. /

I watched a film while we were flying.
4. Those are my sunglasses. (belong)

Those sunglasses belong to me.
5. What is that delicious smell? (smells)

What smells delicious?
caught
hen Jamie Oliver 1.
(catch) the publics attention in 1999 with his first
television series The Naked Chef, he was only 23
years old. By that time, despite his young age,
already had
he 2.
(already / have)
ten years of cooking experience. Since the series
3.
ended
(end) in 2001, Oliver
4.
has built
(build) an impressive
5.
employs
business empire that
(employ) over 2,000 people and includes a cookware
brand and several restaurants. And, of course, Oliver
6. has already written
(already / write) ten cookery
books, and 7. will probably write (probably /
write) more in the coming years. But more importantly,
is using / uses
Oliver 8.
(use) his fame and
fortune to help others and to encourage healthy eating.
established
In 2002, he 9.
(establish) the
Fifteen Foundation, which trains and employs young
people in restaurant work. Among the foundations
graduates are former drug addicts and youth who
10.
were
(be) once in trouble with
the law. Olivers 2005 television series about the poor
quality of Britains school lunch programme eventually
11.
led
(lead) to the government
providing millions of pounds to improve it, and his 2008
series Jamies Ministry of Food used a reality-show format
to show how to prepare healthy meals easily and cheaply.
are waiting
Millions of fans 12.
(wait) to see
what hell do next but with his history, theres little doubt
that it will be both entertaining and educational.
6. He finished the report on Thursday night and

handed it in on Friday. (the night before)

On Friday he handed in the report which /

that he had finished the night before.

2. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.
Across
2. T here are so many people here! How will we
find Jenny in this
?
4. If I were an
house.
, I would buy an enormous
5. I hope your
with Johnny Depp ends soon!
Im tired of hearing about him!
Fame
8. M
y sister met Bono, and got his
box.
on a CD
9. I dont care about the latest fashion

I wear what I like.
Vocabulary
10. M
y fathers a scientist, and his
Einstein.
is Albert
Down
1. C
hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to
the underlined words.
1.

We had such a lavish lunch that I was

afterwards.
a. hungry
b. very full
2.

Colin was a spoilt child but, surprisingly, he

grew up to be a very
man.
a. considerate
b. self-centred
3.

Prince Charles often makes controversial

statements that
.
a. please everyone
b. make some people angry
4.

Theyre asking an outrageous price for this flat.

Its
.
a. very reasonable
b. far too high
5. T hat politician is notorious for

a. his many love affairs
b. improving the economy
6.

She used to be quite wealthy, but shes lost

a lot of
recently.
a. money
b. weight
1. T here was a lot of

entrance exams.
before the university
2. J ake is part of the film

electrician.
. Hes an assistant
3. T he actor Christian Bale got some bad

when a tape was released of him shouting at
someone on a film set.
6. R
obert and his
their wedding.
finally decided on a date for
7. often print lies and rumours about

celebrities.
1
r
u
h e i r
b
s
l
s
5
6
7
i n f a t u a t
r
a
c
i
i
a
e
b
t
n
l
8
a u t o
y c
i
9
10
r e n d
t
i d
s
p

r o w d
r
e s s
w
i
o n
g r a p h
o l
Unit 1
3. W
rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence.
Correct the false sentences.
F 1. A bodyguard is a personal trainer in a gym.

A bodyguard is a person who protects

someone.
T 2. A role model is someone we admire.

T 3. When you fool someone, you trick them.

F 5. A passer-by is someone who sells things at

street markets.
breath blind for granted eye

wild by surprise
1. When we can
eye
A passer-by is someone who passes /

walks by on the street.
F 6. When we gossip, we talk about ourselves.

When we gossip, we talk about others.
4. C
omplete the passage with the words and
phrases below.
straight pursue willing emerges

drive instant in the spotlight
talent scouts
Gorgeous George
in the
spotlight for years as
George Clooney has been
a film star. But he didnt climb 2. straight to the
top. In fact, he was anything but an 3. instant star.
1.
When he moved to Los Angeles to begin his acting career,

4.talent scouts
werent interested in him. But he had a lot
5.
drive
of
and was 6. willing to take small
roles in television shows. Success finally came in 1994,
when he was cast in a new television hospital drama, ER.
Soon after that, Clooney began making films and became
a star.
Since then, hes had to cope with the problems fame can
bring and that includes dealing with paparazzi, who
7.
pursue him whenever he 8. emerges in
public. Clooney rarely tells reporters about his private life.
With his typical elegance, Clooney balances his public and
private lives better than most Hollywood stars.
catch
the waiters
, lets ask for the bill.
take
good health
for granted until we become ill.
2. Most of us
T 4. Fans of someone worship that person.

5. Complete the sentences with a suitable

collocation. Use the correct form of the verbs take,
go or catch and the words and phrases below.
3. After I walked up the hill, I had to stop to

catch my breath .
4. Why are they letting their children
go wild
? Theyre disturbing
everyone.
going
5. Jacks dog is
wont be able to see.
blind
and soon
6. I never expected to win the contest. It really

took
me by surprise .
6. Complete the sentences by adding a suitable
suffix to the words in brackets to form nouns
and adjectives. Make any necessary changes.
entertainment(entertain) industry,
1. Tom is in the
and lives in a
luxurious (luxury) home.

2. That performer (perform) often attends
charity events for good publicity (public).
3. She cares a lot about her appearance (appear),
and only wears fashionable (fashion) clothes.
4. In most places, political (politics) campaigns
are very expensive (expense).
5. Theres a special sales promotion (promote)
this week. If you buy two CDs by the same
musician (music), you get a third one free.
6. We had a delightful (delight) time yesterday
at theperformance(perform).
7. Complete the sentences. Make them true
for you.
1. If I could go abroad tomorrow, I would go to
Accept all logical and grammatically

correct answers
2. I was overwhelmed when

3. My friends and I sometimes gossip about

.
4. One of my role models is

5. I have to catch my breath when I

.

Grammar
1. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
1. Im surprised that Lesley doesnt know any French. How long
been living (live) in Paris?
has
she
had been sleeping (sleep) for an hour when we were woken by a loud noise.
3. She had been performing(perform) on stage for years before she appeared in films.
4. The band have been recording(record) their new CD for the past two months.
Have
5.
they been arguing (argue)? They look upset.
2. We
2. C
omplete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the Past Simple or a perfect tense (Simple or Continuous).
did
Reporter: Congratulations on your Best Actress award! How 1.
feel
you
(feel) when your name was announced?
have wanted
Actress: I was shocked! In fact, I 2.
(want) to win
this award since I was a child, and I still dont believe I won!
Did
enjoy
Reporter: 3.
you
(enjoy) the ceremony?
Actress: It was one of the best experiences of my life! And that includes talking with some of the fans
who 4. had been waiting (wait) all day to watch everyone, including me, on the red carpet.
have you been working (work) on for the past few months?
Reporter: Now, what 5.
6. have been relaxing
Actress: Nothing! I
(relax) for these last few months! But lately,
7. have been considering
I
(consider) a part in a romantic comedy. In recent years,
have done
I 8.
(do) mostly serious, dramatic roles, and Id like to try
something different.
Reporter: We all look forward to seeing your next film!
3. R
ewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning
of the sentences.
1. Is this your first visit to a film set? (ever)
4. I finished most of my homework. Then I went

out. (after)
2. Madonna began performing in 1977. (since)
Madonna has been performing since

1977.
5. W
hen did he start to play for Manchester City?
(how long)
They released their last CD three years

ago. / Their last CD was released three
years ago.
Have you ever visited a film set? / Have

you ever been to a film set before?
3. They havent released a new CD for three years. (ago)

After I had finished most of my homework,

I went out. / I went out after I had finished
most of my homework.
How long has he been playing for
Manchester City?
4. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use gerunds or infinitives.
One verb is used more than once.
buy watch begin achieve be
to watch the YouTube clip I sent you.

2. Sally is eager to begin her studies at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts.
3. On her way to school, Jessica stopped to buy
a bottle of water.
being
4. Believe it or not,
wealthy doesnt solve all of lifes problems.
5. Achieving fame is an important goal for some people.
6. I stopped buying bottled water in order to save money.
1. Dont forget
10
Unit 1
5. C
omplete the passage with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets. Use gerunds
or infinitives. There may be more than one
correct answer.
7. Correct the errors.
1. Im tired of this game. Were playing since noon.

2. She was directing plays for five years when she

decided to direct a film.
Working for the Stars

With busy lifestyles and work that often takes them
far from home, many celebrities rely on large staffs
1.
to take (take) responsibility for a great
deal in their lives. Although it may be exciting
2.to meet / meeting
(meet) famous people, its not always
easy 3. working / (work) for them. Some stars are
to work
being (be) spoilt, which makes
notorious for 4.
them extremely demanding bosses. In addition,
5.
working (work) for a celebrity often means
extremely long hours and includes 6. travelling
(travel) with them leaving very little free time for
oneself. Despite all this, being a personal assistant to a
star or a nanny to their children can be interesting and
fun and provides a way 7. to observe (observe) the
private life of a celebrity.
6. R
ewrite the sentences using the words in
brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not
change the original meaning of the sentences.
There may be more than one correct answer.
1. S am didnt think of thanking us for all our help.

(remember)
Sam didnt remember to thank us for all

our help.
2. S heri used to sing in a band, but she hasnt

done that for years. (stopped)

Sheri stopped singing in a band years

ago.
3. I didnt go straight home. I bought milk on the

way. (stopped)

I stopped to buy milk on the way home. /

On the way home, I stopped to buy milk.
4. I dont think that Ive ever met your parents.

(remember)

I dont remember ever meeting your

parents.
5. I am sorry to inform you that Mr Smith died last

week. (regret)

I regret to inform you that Mr Smith

died last week.
6. I shouldnt have eaten so much last night.

(regret)

I regret eating so much last night.
She had been directing plays for five

years when she decided to direct a film.
3. Be famous is all she is interested in.

Being famous is all she is interested in.
4. I didnt forget writing my essay and hand it in

on time.

I didnt forget to write my essay and

hand it in on time.
5. She had never dreamed of win Britains Got

Talent.

She had never dreamed of winning

Britains Got Talent.
8. Translate the sentences.
1. Tabloids have been printing articles about David

and Victoria Beckham for years.

Los peridicos sensacionalistas han

estado publicando artculos sobre David
y Victoria Beckham durante aos.
2. I regret saying those things to him.

Im tired of this game. Weve been

playing since noon.
Me arrepiento de haberle dicho esas

cosas.
3. We had been trying to buy concert tickets for

two hours when we lost the Internet connection.
Llevbamos dos horas intentando

comprar entradas para el concierto
cuando perdimos la conexin a Internet.
4. Have you been doing yoga for a long time?
Has estado haciendo yoga durante
mucho tiempo? / Llevas mucho tiempo
haciendo yoga?

5. They had been studying for weeks, so they went

wild when the exams were over.

Haban estado estudiando durante

semanas / Llevaban semanas estudiando,
as que se desmadraron cuando se
acabaron los exmenes.
Grammar Review
9. Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the verb in brackets.
1. Jim is an incredible guitarist! How long

has
he been playing (play)?
2. I miss you. I
for a month!
havent seen
(not see) you
3. Mary wants
fan club.
to join
(join) the Blur
meeting
4. Did Steve suggest
for dinner before the film?
(meet)
5. Witnesses said that photographers

had been pursuing(pursue) Julia Roberts for
about five minutes before she shouted at them.
11
reading
Promoting the Stars
1. L ook at the title of the text and the pictures.

What do you think the text is about?
public relations for stars / trying to get

publicity for stars
2. Now read the text and check your answer.

3. Find words in the text that mean:
1. harmful (paragraph 2)
2. not obvious (paragraph 2)
3. planned (paragraph 3)
4. necessary (paragraph 4)
damaging
subtle
orchestrated
essential
1.

When a celebrity gets ink, it means ... .

a. theyve got a problem
b. they receive only bad publicity
c. they have got a publicist
d. theyre written about
2.

The Wall Street Journal ... .

a. published the first photo of Tom Cruises wife
b. denied publishing fake paparazzi pictures
c. orchestrated fake paparazzi photos
d. reported on the phenomenon of fake
paparazzi photos
5. W
Find information in the text to support your
answers.
F 1. Surprisingly, new technology has had little

effect on media coverage of celebrities.
not surprisingly, in this age of

mobile-phone cameras and especially the
Internet, theres often too much ink
F 2. A subtle response to bad publicity is to issue
a statement.
This can be done directly, such as

releasing a statement ... . Or a more
subtle approach can be taken
T 3. Fake paparazzi photos account for about
50% of published celebrity photos.
Public relations (PR) is the business of promoting a

person, company, product or idea by generating media
and public interest. And personal publicists to the stars
seem to have the easiest job in PR because getting
ink (receiving media coverage) for celebrities is
seldom a problem. In fact not surprisingly, in this age
of tabloids, paparazzi, mobile-phone cameras and
especially the Internet, theres often too much ink,
and its not always positive or to the stars liking.
Thats why a big part of a celebrity publicists job is to
help stars respond to false, damaging or embarrassing
articles and photos. This can be done directly, such as
by releasing a statement responding to the published
information. Or a more subtle approach can be taken
by gradually shifting attention to different, positive
aspects of the stars lives, such as their involvement
with charitable or social causes.
In addition, some stars and their publicists have found
a way to try to control coverage and to beat the tabloids
at their own game: they hire their own photographers
or give paparazzi advance notice so they can catch
a star in a supposedly private moment. The editor of
an American gossip magazine recently estimated that
about half of the celebrity photos we see fall into this
category. According to an article in the respected
business newspaper, The Wall Street Journal, examples
of these carefully orchestrated fake paparazzi moments
include photos of Gwyneth Paltrow leaving hospital
with her first baby and the worlds first glimpse of Tom
Cruise with his wife, Katie Holmes.
Of course, many celebrities claim not to care about
their public image or what the tabloids print. But for
those who do care, publicists are essential.
recently estimated that about half of the

celebrity photos we see fall into this category.
6. Answer the question according to the text.
hy do some stars hire photographers to

W
surprise them in a private moment?
Because that way they can better control

what is published about them.

12
Unit 1
writing
Your Task
Write a for and against essay about the
advantages and disadvantages of celebrities
publicly supporting social and political
causes. Write 100-150 words.
1. Choose the correct connector. There may be more than

one correct answer.
1. Despite / Despite this / In spite of the cold weather,

none of the actresses wore jackets.
Planning Your For and

Against Essay
2. Theres excellent public transport in New York, so you

wont need to hire a car there. However / Furthermore /
On the one hand, youll need a car in Los Angeles.
1. Make sure you understand the issue.
2. Correct the run-on sentences below. Use a full stop and

a capital letter or a connector.
1. I studied all week, I didnt know all the answers in the test.
2. B
rainstorm the two sides of the issue. Write
a list of pros and cons.

Look at the ideas below. Which are pros?

Which are cons? Which could be either a
pro or a con?
I studied all week, but I didnt know all the

answers in the test. / Although I studied all
week, I didnt know all the answers in the test.
2. Jim is buying flowers for Sally, its her birthday today.
Jim is buying flowers for Sally because its
her birthday today. / Jim is buying flowers for
Sally. Its her birthday today.
3. I woke up late and left the house quickly and I arrived at

school and I realised it was Saturday.
I woke up late and left the house quickly. When

I arrived at school, I realised it was Saturday.
3. Complete the for and against essay with the

connectors below.
3. D
ecide which view you support. Then
decide which of the ideas above you will
include in your essay.
despite on the other hand furthermore

however in addition such as on the one hand
- celebrities can influence people

- celebrities have got access to the media
- an issue that a celebrity supports may get
more publicity than other important issues
that lack celebrity supporters
- celebrities can help raise money for a
cause
- people may believe celebrities opinions
without doing their own research
Add your own ideas to the list.
4. O
rganise your ideas. Use the model in
Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
Government Funding for the Arts

In Britain, it has always been customary for
the government to provide financial support
However
for the arts. 1.
, some
people wonder whether it is time to end this custom.
2. On the one hand
most people dont benefit directly
from arts funding, and many never take advantage of
/
this help. 3. Furthermore
In addition , government funds
for the arts means less money for essential services,
4.
such as
schools, health care, public transport
and the police.
On the other , in comparison with those services,
5.
hand
arts funding accounts for only a small portion of the
government budget. Yet even that amount helps Britain to
preserve its artistic heritage and nurture new generations
In addition / , arts funding allows
of artists. 6. Furthermore
many museums to offer free entrance, creates job
opportunities and helps promote tourism.
despite
In conclusion, 7.
the arguments against
government arts funding, I believe it should continue.
The funding provides many benefits, and the arts are
crucial for our culture and society.
Plan
pening: State the issue / controversy.

O

Body: Present arguments supporting
each view.
C
losing: Conclude and state your own
opinion.
5. Write a first draft.
6. U
se the checklist to check your work.
Then write a final draft.
Checklist
I followed the plan for a for and against

essay.
I used a variety of connectors of addition,
contrast and example.
I checked my grammar, spelling and
punctuation.
I avoided run-on sentences.
See Writing Guide, Students Book page 140

13
Progress Check Unit 1

Vocabulary
Grammar
4. C
omplete the sentences with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present
Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
1. A
large crew / crowd / passer-by has been
gathering all morning to greet the team when
their plane lands.
2. T he president emerged / pursued / gossiped in
public for the first time since the scandal began.
3. S ome rock guitarists in the 60s and 70s were
spoilt / lavish / notorious for their drug use.
4. I cant believe Im finally meeting you! Youve
been my heiress / role model / fiance for years!
5. M
y friends and I enjoy debating controversial /
instant / wealthy issues.
2. C
omplete the e-mail by forming collocations
with the correct form of the verbs catch, take,
or go and the words below.
abroad everyone by surprise sight of

wild anyones eye a photo
1. L indas very tired. She hasnt

(not get) enough sleep lately.
2. You look great!
been getting
Have
you
been working out (work out)?

3. They had been going out (go out) for two
years when they decided to get married.
5. R
brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not
1. I dont think that I locked the door. (remember)
I dont remember locking the door.
2. A
t the top of the hill, we paused and admired
the view. (stopped)
At the top of the hill, we stopped to

admire the view.
3. Dont eat any more of the biscuits! (stop)
Hey Sue,
Stop eating the biscuits!
Youll never guess who I caught sight of last

week. Hugh Jackman! He 2. took everyone when
by surprise
he walked into the shop, but nobody
3.
went wild
. Everyone acted really calmly.
He looked at a few shirts, tried not to
4. catch anyones
, and then left. But before he
eye 5.
take
a photo of him with
did, I managed to
my mobile (Im sending the picture with this e-mail).
Now arent you sorry that you 6. went abroad
for the summer? Write soon!
Love,
Lynda
1.
3. C
omplete the sentences by adding a suitable
suffix to the words in brackets.
1. T he children watched in amazement

(amaze) as the magician performed his
impressive (impress) tricks.
cultural
2. T his summer, there are free
(culture) events in the park, including a modern
dance performance (perform).
musician (music) appeared on
3. T he young
publicity (public)
chat shows as part of a
tour to promote his new CD.
6. C
omplete the sentences. Do not change the
original meaning of the sentences.
1. I read all afternoon. Then I fell asleep on the

sofa.

After
I had been reading all afternoon, .

I fell asleep on the sofa
2. When did you start to follow a vegetarian diet?

How long
have you been following a

vegetarian diet
Writing
7. C
omplete the passage with the connectors
below.
for example moreover despite

such as
despite
Sallie Larson loves her job, 1.
its
dangers. This Hollywood stuntwoman has performed
such as
hundreds of difficult stunts 2.
running
through fire and jumping from a moving car.
3.
Moreover , shes designed safety equipment.
4. For example
, she created new seat belt and
helmet designs that are widely used during stunts.
14
Unit 1

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Match I to II to form sentences.
4. Rewrite the sentences with the words in

of the sentences.
1. The facts emerged
1. Dont give the dog more treats. (stop)
2. Photographers pursued
3. He tried to fool
2. When did you start to learn karate? (how long)
4. They gossiped
5. They were surrounded

How long have you been learning karate?
3. First, Ill go to the bank. Then Ill go shopping. (after)
II
4
5
2
1
3
Stop giving the dog treats!
a. to me about their other friends.

b. by a lot of people.
After I go / have gone to the bank, Ill go

shopping. / Ill go shopping after I go /
gone to
to music
the bank.
4. have
He listened
during the flight. (while)

c. the actor into his hotel.

d. slowly, after a long investigation.
e. me, but it didnt work.
He was listening to music while flying.
5. Write a logical response with the words

below. Use the correct form of the verbs.
1. Here are my keys!

2. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to
I / look / for them / all day
1. Every summer, a small crew performs on /

builds a stage in the park.
I have been looking for them all day.
2. It took forever!
2. I dont understand your infatuation with him.

Why dont / do you like him so much?
3. That restaurant is notorious for its bad / good
service.
e / wait / for / three hours / when / we / finally /

w
see / the / doctor
We had been waiting for three hours

when we finally saw the doctor.

4. The pressure from his parents makes Ron feel

relaxed / nervous.
3. I got to school late today.
3. Complete the blog entry by adding a suitable

suffix to the words in brackets.
Successful sports stars appear in adverts for

1. expensive
(expense) watches and 2. fashionable
(fashion) designer clothing, and are photographed at
lavish parties with famous 3. musicians (music)
and actors. There are often articles about their
4. luxurious
(luxury) homes and yachts, as well
as about their occasionally 5. outrageous (outrage)
behaviour. It sometimes seems that they are more
entertainment
a part of the 6.
(entertain) business
than the sports business. Lets start to appreciate
sports stars again for their 7. amazing (amaze)
performances and not for the 8. publicity (public)
they give to products or for what happens in their
private lives.
y the time / I / walk in / the teacher / hand out /

b
the test
By the time I walked in, the teacher had

handed out the test.
Writing
6. Complete the sentences with a suitable
connector below.
nevertheless in spite of furthermore

moreover however although despite
1. A lot of people dont like him.
I think hes very nice.
Nevertheless
, /
However
2. Although shes lived here for ten years, shes

never got used to the cold.
3. Im not going to rent that flat. Its too small.
Moreover /, theres no view.
Furthermore
15
Going Green
Vocabulary
1. Complete the captions with the words below.
debris pollution landfill trash

1
Why do I always have to

trash out?
take the
2. T
he following sentences dont make sense.
Make them logical by replacing the words
and phrases in bold with the correct word or
phrase in bold from a different sentence.
1. It is harmful to birds and sea animals to destroy

plastic. ingest
2. This factory doesnt inhabit dangerous
substances because it was built with new
emit
green technology.
3. Giant pandas cut down remote mountain areas
in China. inhabit
4. If we dont ingest our spending, we wont have
any savings left. cut down
5. Many scientists are now making their way
to studying the effects of climate change.
devoted
6. My parents use up driving in bad weather.

In fact, they never drive when its snowing.
avoid
7. Susan and Jim are still devoted here. They got

stuck in traffic, but should be arriving soon.
making their way
8. Everyone fears that the hurricane will emit

thousands of homes. destroy
Now that the rain has ended, its going to take

a lot of work to clear all this debris
.
9. If we have to pay the DJ 400, well avoid most

of the budget and wont have any money for
food. use up
3. C
omplete the sentences with the words
below.
halfway fuel logging shortcut

greenhouse effect crops banned
bellies voyages renewable energy
environmentally friendly lack
3
What a shame that we cant see much of the

city today because of the air pollution .
1. I had driven halfway to your house when

I realised that I hadnt taken the short cut
you had suggested.
2. The greenhouse is creating climate changes

effect
crops that
which will affect the types of
can be grown in regions of the world.
Soon, this landfill will be covered.

Were going to build a club on top of it.
lack
3. Severe
of food for a long period of
bellies to become
time causes childrens
very large.
environmentally
friendly to use
4. Experts agree that it is

renewable energy
.
5.
Logging is
banned in all the national
forests here.
voyages require a great deal of

fuel
.
6. Space
16
Unit 2
4. C
phrases below.
carbon footprint nightmare emitted

amount carbon dioxide cut down
broke down made waves harmful
Leisure and the Environment
In recent years, many respected scientists have
1.
made waves by describing terrible
2.
nightmare
scenarios of the future
of life on Earth. The only solution, they say, is to
3.
cut down
on pollution. This would mean
4.
amount
reducing the
of damaging
5. carbon dioxide
we produce. Most of us, of
course, dont even know the size of our own
6. carbon footprint
. But a recent study of the
7.
harmful
environmental impact of an
average British citizen provided some interesting
broke down carbon
information. The study 8.
dioxide-producing activities into 11 categories,
including leisure, home-energy use and commuting.
Surprisingly, leisure activities accounted, on average,
for about one-fifth of the total carbon dioxide that is
9.
emitted
by each person in Britain. Think
about this the next time you watch a football match in
a brightly lit stadium or go away on holiday!
6. C
hoose the sentence that best follows the
original.
1. My glasses vanished into thin air.

a. They were exactly where I had left them.

b. I couldnt find them anywhere.
2. Her personality brought a breath of fresh air

to the office.

a. She talks too much.

b. Shes not like everyone else.
3. The money we raised is a drop in the ocean.

a. It was more than we expected.

b. We need to raise a lot more.
4. With your education, the skys the limit.

a. You can achieve anything you want.

b. Theres a limit to what youll be able to
achieve.
5. Johns very down to earth.

a. Hes very depressed.

b. Hes easy to talk to.
6. This problem is the tip of the iceberg.

a. I dont expect there to be any more difficulties.

b. I expect that well soon face other problems
as well.
7. Dont make a mountain out of a molehill.

a. Its really not a problem.

b. You should be more concerned.
8. Pollution has wiped out many species.

a. Theyre more dangerous.

b. They no longer exist.
1. My computer isnt working properly. I hope it isnt

going to
7. C
omplete the sentences. Make them true for
you.
2. I missed the first two lessons, but I think Ill
1. One of the locally grown crops is
3. Theres so much to learn for this exam. We need to
4. Thats a great idea! Ill
2. I should cut down on
5. When Lori and I see sad films, we
6. Im not taking the bus home. Lee said hell
3. If I could take a voyage anywhere, Id like to go
7. Most experts dont expect the economy to
II
6 a. pick me up.
1 b. break down.
3 c. break it down into sections.
2 d. pick everything up quickly.
5 e. usually break down at the end.
4 f. bring it up at the meeting.
7 g. pick up until early next year.

correct answers.
.
.
.
4. I think it would be easy for me to pick up

5. The last thing of mine that broke down was

6. My worst nightmare is that

7. I was brought up

17
Grammar
3. C
of the modals or modal perfects and the verbs
in brackets. Use the affirmative or negative.
neednt have brought
1. C
hoose the sentence that best follows the
original.
1. You should have been there!

a. It was a fantastic concert.
b. Im sure youll enjoy it.
3. They might have missed the train.

a. If they hurry, theyll catch it.
b. If they did, theyll be on the next one.
4. We could have helped them.
a. I wonder why they didnt ask us.
b. I wonder if theyll ask us to help.
2. W
rite a sentence to describe each picture
with the words below. Use a modal or modal
perfect, affirmative or negative. There may be
more than one correct answer.
Karen / wear / a jacket
Karen should have worn a jacket.
Mark / leave / the keys in the door
Mark must/may/might have left the keys

in the door.
they / be / delighted
They must/should be delighted.
we / get / here / so late
2. Im going to be late! I should have

(should / wake up) an hour ago!
woken up
3. All these jeans are on sale, so I

might buy
(might / buy) two pairs.
2. I might leave my phone at home.

a. Now Im sorry that I havent got it with me.
b. I dont think Ill need it.
1. We
(need / bring)
umbrellas with us. It hasnt rained at all today!
We shouldnt have got here so late.
4. Keith looked better with longer hair. He

shouldnt have cut (should / cut) it.
5. I would have taken (would / take) the bus,
but it left as I arrived.
6. Lucys got a bad case of food poisoning. The
fish at the restaurant must have been
(must / be) off.
7. Joe couldnt repair (could / repair) my
computer, so I called a technician.
Zero Rubbish
Some people 1. have to laugh / must laugh /
must have laughed when Frank Schiavo decided, about
25 years ago, that he was going to try to reduce the
amount of rubbish he produced. But nobodys laughing
these days. In fact, we now 2. have to give / had to give /
must have given Schiavo credit for being one of the
first to adopt a zero-rubbish lifestyle.
The former environmental studies lecturer knew long
ago that one of the ways we 3. cant reduce /
can reduce / could reduce our personal carbon footprint
is to cut down on our rubbish. That means following
what some environmentalists call the three Rs:
Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Reduce your purchases,
recycle anything possible and reuse food waste to
make compost. In addition, environmentalists insist on
repairing or donating items that you 4. cant recycle /
shouldnt recycle / could have recycled.
Schiavo succeeded in reducing the amount of rubbish he
5.
should have thrown / would have thrown /
must have thrown into the bin. After following a
zero-rubbish lifestyle for 16 years, a typical months
worth of his rubbish 6. must fit / might fit / could fit into
a small paper bag.
18
Unit 2
5. C
form of should or had better, affirmative or
negative. There may be more than one correct
answer.
1. You should wear that colour more often.

It looks great on you.
2. Im not sure whos singing that song. It might

have been Madonna.
2. I think hes having a heart attack! We

should / call an ambulance immediately!
had
3. You
use any of my things while
better not
Im gone, or Ill be very angry.
3. The president should has begun worrying about

the environment years ago.
I dont see Emma here. She must have

left.
Im not sure whos singing that song.

It might be Madonna.
had better
4. I know that I
food.
1. I dont see Emma here. She must leave.
shouldnt eat so much junk
The president should have begun worrying

about the environment years ago.

6. R
ewrite the sentences with the modals in
of the sentences.
4. Would have Jane helped you?

Would Jane have helped you?
5. Wed better to get petrol soon.
Wed better get petrol soon.
1. Have you got a pen for me to borrow? (can)
2. The water in this river is too polluted for us to

drink. (mustnt)
3. Its possible that Jeff didnt receive the message.

(might not)
4. Theres no need for Julie to help me cook for the

party. (not have to)
Se
debera ensear seguridad vial a los/as nios/as
pequeos/as para evitar accidentes de trfico.
Can I borrow your pen?
We mustnt drink the water in this river.
Jeff might not have received the message.

Julie doesnt have to help me cook for the
party.
5. I doubt that story is real. (cant)
That story cant be real. / I cant believe

that story is real.

correct answers.
2. My parents think I should
Nuestro pas debe reducir la cantidad de

energa que usamos.
2. R
oad safety should be taught to young children
to avoid road accidents.
3. Youd better take the shortcut or youll be late.

Ser mejor que cojas el atajo o llegars

tarde.
4. Y
ou shouldnt have brought up the subject of
money.

7. C
omplete the sentences. Make them true
for you.
1. Next year, I might
1. O
ur country must cut down the amount of
energy that we use.
No deberas haber planteado el asunto

del dinero.
5. C
elia may have broken down because of the
bad news.
Puede que Celia se echara a llorar a

causa de la mala noticia.
.

.
3. My friends had better not
4. People my age cant
7. Last year, I should have
10. C
of the words in brackets.
1. Our teacherhas been working (work) in the

school for the past 20 years.
2. We had been playing (play) tennis for an hour

before Carol joined us.
3.
5. When I was younger, my parents should have

6. At weekends, I dont have to
Grammar Review
Windsurfing
(windsurf) is a popular sport
in Australia.
4. I should have gone(should / go) on holiday
last month when the prices were lower.
5. This milk
smells
(smell) off.
19
reading
The Environmental Costs

of Being Online
Theres no doubt that the Internet has got environmental
benefits. E-mails, for instance, save on paper, electricity
costs for processing ordinary letters and the fuel needed
to pick up and deliver them. Online purchases mean
fewer car trips to shops. As we increasingly get more
news and music online, energy costs of producing
and transporting newspapers, magazines and CDs are
being reduced. And video-conferencing brings together
people who, a few years ago, couldnt have met without
travelling long distances.
1. R
ead the article quickly, ignoring difficult
words. Then answer the questions.
1. What problem does the writer describe?
online pollution
2. What are some of the causes of the problem?
huge amounts of Google searches /

web page viewing / complex, online
virtual-reality game playing
2. R
ead the text again and choose the best
answer according to the text.
1. The information technology industry ... .

a. produces about 2% less CO2 than airlines
b. generates a similar amount of greenhouse
gas as airlines do
c. emits 2% more carbon dioxide than the
airline industry
d. creates much less greenhouse gas than the
airline industry
But online activity itself has definitely got a carbon

footprint. You might be surprised to learn that, according
to a recent study, the information technology industry
emits approximately 2% of the worlds CO2 (carbon
dioxide), creating about the same amount of greenhouse
gases as the global airline industry.
2. According to Evan Mills, computer data centres ... .

a. are among the most energy-saving facilities
b. consume a great deal of energy
c. dont need a lot of electricity
d. help Google conserve energy
The culprit, of course, is the electricity needed to run the

huge server computers of Google and other data centres,
which are, says researcher Evan Mills, among the most
energy-intensive facilities imaginable.
3. Compared to an electric kettle, a 15-minute

Google search ... .
a. uses more energy
b. creates about two-thirds more CO2
c. produces fewer grams of carbon dioxide
d. generates 10 g more CO2
But what does this mean for the average computer user?
Estimates are that every 15 minutes we spend online
performing a Google search or viewing web pages can
generate up to 10 g of CO2. This is about two-thirds of the
amount created by boiling a cup of water in an electric
kettle. And players of online virtual-reality games can
use nearly the same amount of electricity in one year as
a typical citizen in Brazil uses over the same period.
3. Complete the sentences according to the text.
1. By using e-mail, were able to save paper,
electricity

With more than 200 million Internet searches performed
costs for processing ordinary letters and on the
.
each day, billions of web pages being viewed and new
fuel needed to pick up and deliver them
2. The average Brazilian consumes about the same
amount of electricity in a year as players of
online virtual-reality games do over the .
same period
3. Internet
Every day, more than 200 million
searches are performed
online services such as Twitter gaining in popularity,

many scientists believe its time to find ways to cut down
the Internets environmental cost.
1. things that are bought

(paragraph 1) purchases
2. the cause of a problem
(paragraph 3) culprit
3. create
(paragraph 4)
generate
20
Your Task
writing
Write a letter of complaint to your local

newspaper about the lack of sports facilities
in your area. Write 100-150 words.
1. Read the letter of complaint below. Replace the

informal language in brackets with formal words and
phrases.
Writing a Letter of Complaint

1. D
ecide what you want to say. Think about
the following questions:
11 Pickwick Road
Corsham
Wiltshire
7th May 2010
Madam
To begin with, I (really dont like)

3. strongly disagree
that your company uses
plastic wrappings. Producing new plastic wastes
valuable natural resources.
Second, I object to the chemically-treated type of
paper on which the inserted booklets are printed
because it is unsuitable for recycling.
Many record companies are packaging CDs in
paper or plastic cases made of 100% recycled
and recyclable materials. I (really think that)
4.
strongly urge NewSounds to do the same in
order to reduce its carbon footprint.
(Cant wait to hear from you.) 5. I look forward
to your reply.
(Sincerely,) 6. Yours faithfully,
James Emerson
- W
hat effect does the problem have on the
people in your community?
- Why does it bother you personally?
- What actions should be taken?
2. T
hink of a way to convince the reader that
this problem is important. Which of the
following sentences could be used in your
letter?
,
to
express my
Im writing (to tell you about) 2. concern regarding
the type of CD packaging used by NewSounds Records.
1.
Ms Allison Murray
President
NewSounds Records
49 Dean Street
London
Dear (Allison)
Unit 2
1. I like sport.
2. Young people who participate in sport are
less likely to be bored and get involved in
crime.
3. Playing sport regularly is part of a healthy
lifestyle.
4. Team sports make you feel part of your
community.
5. Being an athlete makes you more popular.
3. O
Plan
Opening: State the purpose of your letter.

Body: Give information and details.
Closing: Request / Demand action.

5. U
Checklist
I followed the plan for a formal letter.

I used formal language.
punctuation.
2. Rewrite the sentences using parallel structures.
1. Buying music online is cheaper than to buy CDs.

Buying music online is cheaper than buying CDs.
2. Tims scooter is newer than the one Rachel has.

Tims scooter is newer than Rachels.
3. Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and his legs are long.

Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and long

legs.
21

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. R
eplace each word or expression in bold
with a suitable expression below. Make any
necessary changes.
3. C
of a modal or modal perfect and the verbs in
brackets. There may be more than one correct
answer.
break down pick up make waves

cut down vanish into thin air bring up
1. She learned photography on her own, without
picked up
any formal training.
2. Many people could easily decrease the amount
cut down
of water they use.
3. When the boy saw his injured puppy, he began
to cry. broke down
2. She shouldnt have/ (prepare) so much

neednt have prepared
food. Nobody was very hungry.
3. Iwould
busy.
4.
have called(call) you sooner, but I was
Can/May/ I
Could
have
(have) some water,
please?
4. I dont want to cause problems, so I wont

complain. make waves
5. The suspect seemed to disappear while the
police were chasing him. vanish into thin
should ask (ask) Lynne for

1. I think we
help. She knows a lot about computers.
5.
air
6. Why did you start to talk about my party

in front of Donna? I asked you not to!
bring up
2. C
expressions below.
carbon footprint bellies amount

a drop in the ocean renewable energy
fuel environmentally-friendly
People who work out at Central Gym in
Hong Kong are not only trimming fat from
bellies
their 1.
, theyre also a
source of 2.renewable energythat helps
provide power to the gym. Specially-designed
exercise machines capture the electrical energy
produced by exercisers, which then becomes
3.
fuel
to power the lights above
the machines. Excess energy is stored in a battery.
amount
Of course, the 4.
of energy
5.environmentally-friendly
thats created by these
a drop
workouts is only 6.
compared
in the ocean
to the amount of electricity the gym uses. But
researchers hope that eventually, human-powered
energy will be much more widely and efficiently
captured and used. So, what could be better
than increasing your fitness while reducing your
7. carbon footprint
?
Would
like
(like) to join us?
could have (predict) his
predicted
you
6. Nobody
reaction. He really surprised us.
4. W
rite sentences with the words below. Use
the correct form of should or had better.
1. I dont think Ellen looks good with short hair.

She / let / her hair / grow / long / again
She should let her hair grow long again.
2. Youll fail the course unless you finish the project

on time.
We / work / on / it / today
We had better work on it today.
3. Davids not feeling well.

He / go / out / tonight
He shouldnt go out tonight.
Writing
5. R
ewrite the sentence below using formal
language. There may be more than one
correct answer.
I really think youve got to do something really

fast to solve this problem.
Possible Answer
In my opinion, something must be done

quickly in order to solve this problem.

6. Rewrite the sentence using parallel structures.
Recycling plastic is better than to put it in

landfills.
Recycling plastic is better than putting it

in landfills.
22
Unit 2
Progress Check Units 1-2

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Complete the passage with the words below.
3. Rewrite the sentences using the correct form

of the words in brackets. Do not change the
pollution trend wealthy harmful

lack lavish publicity the skys the limit
For 1. wealthy actors, such as George Clooney
and Leonardo DiCaprio, or rich businessmen like the
the skys when it comes to
founders of Google, 2.
the limit
lack
buying a car. Theres certainly no 3.
of
4.
lavish
choices of
vehicles, either. But recently,
they all made an interesting choice of a new car when
they were among the first purchasers of the Tesla
Roadster a new electric sports car made by a small,
independent manufacturer. This battery-powered
vehicle produces far less 5. pollution than an
ordinary petrol-powered car, and has much less of a
6.
harmful effect on the environment. With a price
tag of over $100,000, its unlikely that the Tesla will
trend . However, its
become a widespread 7.
celebrity owners certainly create good 8. publicity
for electric cars in general.
2. W
F 1. When you ingest something, you throw it

When you ingest something, you

consume it.
F 2. When you emerge, you cant be seen.

When you emerge, you can be seen.

T 3. When you are willing, you offer or agree to
Sam must be disappointed.
2. I regret not bringing my iPod with me. (should)

I should have brought my iPod with me.
3. Jeff planned to arrive earlier, but there was a lot

of traffic. (would)

Jeff would have arrived earlier, but

there was a lot of traffic.
4. This is his first teaching job. (before)

Hes never taught before. / Hes never

had a teaching job before.
5. When did you first begin to study environmental

science here? (how long)

How long have you been studying

environmental science here?
6. Sir, parking isnt allowed here. (had better)

Sir, you had better park somewhere else. /

Sir, you had better not park here.
Writing
4. Complete the sentences with a logical ending.
Pay attention to the words in bold.

correct answers.
2. There are many ways to conserve water. For

instance, we

3. I have to tidy my room every week. In addition,

I have to
.
something.

1. Dave likes to watch TV and
away.

1. Im sure that Sam is disappointed. (must)
4. Sally especially likes British bands such as

F 4. When you inhabit a place, you visit it.
When you inhabit a place, you live in it.

T 5. When you pursue something, you follow it.
5. Flying in a plane is faster than
F 6. When something is a breath of fresh air,

its good for the environment.

When something is a breath of fresh

air, its new and different.
6. The service at this restaurant is terrible. However,

23
2. Complete the captions with the verbs below.
expose launch crawl lean crash

1
crawl
You cant continue to
You must drive a bit faster.
Online World
Vocabulary
I want a style that doesnt

expose my bald spot.
1. Im sure that Ben has read my e-mails

2. Jake had a problem with the computer
this morning,
3. I know youre upset because
4. He was relieved
crash
Oh, no! Please, please dont
now! My reports due in the morning!
5. He taught me how to keep my computer safe

6. You have to enter a password
7. Oh, no! What am I going to do?
This message says
8. He finally turned off the television

6
3
8
1
4
II
a. when you log onto this website.
Our market research

shows that the time is
right to launch
the new TOP phone.
Please dont
b. your job interview didnt turn out well.

c. and helped me tidy up the flat.
d. even though hes denied it.
e. t hat he hadnt accidentally deleted
his work.
7 f. that all my files have been

permanently removed.
2 g. but he restarted it and everythings

fine now.
5 h. and prevent other people from

seeing whats on it.
24
lean
on my car.
Unit 3
3. C
omplete the dialogue with the words and
phrases below.
online available user-friendly

updated google access
social-networking sites portable
Salesman: May I help you?

Ellen: Yes, please. Im looking for a new computer.
Its got to be lightweight and 1. portable ,
because I want to be able to take it to cafs.
Salesman: I think you should consider a netbook,
especially if youre going to use it mainly to go
2.
online to 3. google people or visit
4.
social- , such as Facebook. Weve got
networking sites
several models 5. available that are all smaller,
and weigh and cost less than a typical laptop.
userTheyre also very 6.
theres nothing
friendly
complicated to learn. Just turn it on and you can
7.
access the Internet wherever theres a
wireless connection.
Ellen: Do netbooks come with 8. updated
programs, like the latest version of Office?
5. Complete each sentence with the adjectives below.
pressing affluent close-up overjoyed

1. Steve was polite, but he wasnt
me.
overjoyed to see
2. A lot of affluent high-tech executives have

expensive homes in this neighbourhood.
3. We have several pressing topics to discuss, but
the most urgent is the book fair.
4. I can see every detail of the bee in the
close-up .
6. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable
collocation. Use the verbs and nouns below.
erbs:
V
download
enter
charge
forward
post
Nouns:
your password
an attachment
a song
information
a mobile phone
charge a mobile when its battery is low.

phone
enter your
2. You have to
in order to access
password
some websites.
1. You
Salesman: No. You have to buy those separately.
3. When you want to send a document or photo to

forward an .
someone, you
Ellen: OK. A netbook sounds perfect. Let me see

what youve got ... .
4. It sometimes takes a long time to

download a song onto a computer.
4. C
hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to the
underlined words.
1. All employees use cars / computers from the

companys fleet.
2. The Olympic athletes entered the stadium,
wearing / carrying poles with the flags of their
countries.
3. For safety, a fence was built over / around the
pool.
4. A burglar stole / delivered ten laptops yesterday.
5. I had a sudden urge to eat meat, so I
ordered a hamburger / became a vegetarian.
attachment
5. When you add something to your Facebook page,

you post information .
7. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets and suitable prepositions.
reminds me
of
(remind) you.
2. I applied for (apply) five jobs last week.
3. When did you first hear about (hear) this?
4. He depends on (depend) his parents for money.
5. Ive thought of (think) the perfect present for her.
1. Sally
8. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
1. My favourite social-networking site is

correct answers.
6. Diana keeps all her important papers / T-shirts

in a folder.
2. I recently googled
7. My music files are organised on my computer /

in CD boxes.
3. If I were affluent, I would
8. This software comes with a tutorial that provides

a discount / instructions.
4. Someone once forwarded me
.
.
.
.
5. I bought an amazing device that
25
Grammar
4. R
ewrite the sentences in Exercise 3 by
completing the sentences below. Do not
1. The exam had

1. C
of the verbs in brackets. Use the passive.
1. T he phone should be charged (should /

charge) for 12 hours before you use it.
2. Tickets
will be / are going (sell) next week.

to be sold
3. S ince the band put their latest song online,

has been
it
(download) by
downloaded
thousands of fans.
4. T his photo must have been
taken
in the winter. Look at the snow!
(must / take)
5. By the time we completed the survey, it

had been answered (answer) by 420 people.
2. W
rite a logical continuation with the words in
brackets. Use the passive form of the verb.
1. Ive just received an e-mail from Amazon.

(my package / deliver / next week)
My package will be delivered next week.
2. I didnt eat anything at the party.

(all the food / eat / by the time / I arrive)
All the food had been eaten by the time

I arrived.
3. T he invitations are finally addressed.

(they / not / send out / yet)
They havent been sent out yet.
4. Y
ou can check tomorrows weather.
(forecasts / give / on several websites)
Forecasts are given on several websites.
3. C
active or passive form of the verbs below.
Use each verb only once.
launch complete consider

produce believe
1. B
y 11.30 yesterday, everyone
the exam.
was
2. It
once
world was flat.
had completed
believed that the
is considered to be unhealthy.
are
4. New products
often launched
3. Junk food
been completed by 11.30 yesterday

.
once
believed
that
the
world
was
flat
2. People
.
3. Experts consider junk food to be unhealthy
.
4. Companies often launch new products with

publicity
campaigns
and
free
samples

.
5. A major games company is now producing
the computer game she designed
.
5. C
of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or
passive.
Becoming Famous on YouTube

When Jawed Karim, one of YouTubes founders,
1.
posted
(post) the first video there
could have
on 23rd April 2005, nobody 2.
predicted
(could / predict) that the website would become one
of the most popular on the Internet. Each minute,
at least 20 hours of video 3. are uploaded
was bought
(upload) to the site, which 4.
(buy) by Google in 2006. The selection of videos
includes films, television shows, homemade music
videos, documentaries, as well as some short
films that 5. are considered (consider) to be
original and artistic by serious critics. In addition,
many YouTube stars 6. have been created
(create) over the past few years. These are people
have been
whose videos 7.
(watch)
watched
by millions of people. Among these stars are
Matt Harding, thanks to his videos of himself
dancing with people all over the world, and
Ryan Higa, whose video How to Be a Ninja
8. has been viewed
(view) over 20 million
times so far. Another YouTube star is Lauren Luke,
a young Englishwoman whose popular series of
videos about applying make-up led to her own
make-up line that 9. was launched (launch)
in April 2009. Its this unpredictable variety of
videos that keep people hooked on YouTube!
with publicity campaigns and free samples.
is
5. T he computer game she designed
being
now
by a major games company.
produced
26
Matt Harding
dancing in India
Unit 3
6. R
ewrite the sentences using two passive
structures.
1. The decision has already be made.
1. T heyre using computer animation to make the

film.
Computer animation is being used to

make the film. The film is being made by
using computer animation.
2. W
e will e-mail the concert tour dates to
everyone next week.
The concert tour dates will be e-mailed

to everyone next week. Everyone will
be e-mailed the concert tour dates next
week.
3. Someone sent me flowers on my birthday.
Flowers were sent to me on my birthday.

I was sent flowers on my birthday.
4. E xperts believe that Internet addiction is a
growing problem.
It is believed that Internet addiction is a

growing problem. Internet addiction is

believed to be a growing problem.
5. People think his videos are very entertaining.
The decision has already been made.
2. At the moment, passwords are been changed.
At the moment, passwords are being changed.
3. The dates of the meetings will be sent everyone.

The dates of the meetings will be sent to

everyone.
4. Sorry, Mrs Rivero. Im late because Ive checked

my teeth at the dentist today.
Sorry, Mrs Rivero. Im late because I had

my teeth checked at the dentist today.

5. Fifty years ago, this computer was considered to

was the fastest one in the world.
Fifty years ago, this computer was

considered to be the fastest one in the world.

His videos are thought to be very

entertaining. It is thought that his videos
are very entertaining.
1. A new product has just been launched for the

Spanish market.
7. C
omplete the e-mail with the correct causative
form of the verbs below. There may be more
than one correct answer.
2. Certain expensive items can be bought only by

affluent people.
cut install put on made deliver
Hi Jon,
Thanks for the e-mail! Im glad you finally
1. had / got
an Internet connection
installed .
Im busy these days and not only with studying.
cut
I 2. had / got my hair
the other
day, and today Im taking my motorbike to the
garage to 3. have / get new tyres put on .
have / an extra
While thats being done, I 4. willget
made to my flat, so you can
set of keys
have a set when you visit next week.
When you come, we should invite friends over, rent
have
a couple of films and 5.
burgers and
chips delivered .
Angie
Se acaba de lanzar un nuevo producto para el

mercado espaol.
Ciertos artculos caros pueden ser comprados
solamente por gente acomodada.
3. Nobody understood why all those photos had

been deleted.

Jon@gmail.com
See you in a few days!
Nadie comprendi por qu haban sido

borradas todas esas fotos.
4. These images shouldnt have been removed from

our website.

Estas imgenes no deberan haberse eliminado

de nuestra pgina web.
5. USB flash drives are said to be quite affordable.

Se dice que las memorias USB son bastante

asequibles.
Grammar Review
1 0. Complete the sentences with the correct form
1. We were met by friends who

had been waiting (wait) for us for an hour.
2.
Skiing
(ski) is a popular sport.
3. We didnt like the restaurant that Gina

recommended. We should have gone
(should / go) to a different place.
4. The book was reviewed
newspapers last week.
5. That girl
looks
(review) in several
(look) familiar.
27
reading
1. Read the first sentence in each paragraph in
the text. In which paragraph do you think you
will find the following information?
1. whether Internet addiction is considered an

official disorder 4
2. some signs of Internet addiction
Do you neglect responsibilities whenever you have the

urge to spend time online? Do you feel depressed if
youre away from a computer game for too long? Do you
lie about the amount of time you spend online? Is your
virtual social life more important than your real social
life? If so, they may be signs that you have an Internet,
gaming or computer addiction now commonly called
Internet addiction.
3. what needs to be considered when making

a diagnosis of Internet addiction 3
4. why Ben Alexander was in a treatment
centre 5
5. how Internet addiction differs from some
other addictions 2
2. Now read the entire text and check your answers.
1. Mental-health professionals first began
discussing the problem of Internet

addiction in the mid 1990s
2. South Korea and the United States are among
the countries that already have got

.
rehabilitation programmes for Internet
addiction sufferers
1. Among the signs of Internet addiction NOT

mentioned is ... .
a. spending money online
b. neglecting responsibilities
c. depression
d. socialising online only
2. The most important factor to consider when
making a diagnosis of Internet addiction is ... .
a. the amount of time spent online
b. the impact online or gaming activities has
on someones life
c. a persons favourite online activities
d. whether someone uses the Internet at work
5. Find words in the text that mean the opposite of:
1. pay attention to (paragraph 1)

2. not enough (paragraph 2)
3. loses (paragraph 3)
4. suffering (paragraph 4)
neglect
excessive
gains
benefitting
Internet
Addiction
Since the mid-1990s, when the problem first began to

be widely discussed among mental-health professionals,
comparisons have been made between excessive
computer use and addictions to gambling, drugs or
alcohol. There are differences, though, especially as
Internet addiction doesnt usually involve losing money
or pose an imminent threat to ones physical health.
Moreover, many experts say that an Internet addiction
diagnosis shouldnt be based mainly on the amount of
time devoted to the activity. Instead, they say, what must
be examined is the negative effect the activity has on
someones life. Someone who stays home from school
or a job in order to remain online, for instance, or who
gains emotional satisfaction only from their gaming or
virtual social life, should be considered an addict.
Internet addiction is not yet accepted as a mental disorder
by the American Psychiatric Association or similar
professional organisations elsewhere (though it may soon
gain official recognition in China). Despite this, a wide
range of treatments is already available for it, including
rehabilitation programmes in South Korea, China, the
USA and other countries. Critics may point to this as
proof that addiction specialists are already benefitting
from creating a new group of patients to treat.
But that probably doesnt matter to sufferers like 19-yearold Ben Alexander who, in September 2009, was the first
patient at ReSTART, a treatment centre in the USA. He
didnt finish university because of his inability to limit
the amount of time he spent playing the video game
World of Warcraft. Hopefully, ReSTART will enable
Ben to regain control of his life.
28
Unit 3
writing
Your Task
Write an opinion essay about the following
statement: Using a mobile phone in public
venues is impolite. Write 100-150 words.
1. Choose the correct connector.
1. So that / Due to / In order to get an iPhone at a

discount, you have to show your student ID.
2. S he enjoys living here. Therefore, / Due to / Because
shes not sure that she wants to attend university
anywhere else.
3. P aul is one of the nicest people I know. As a result, /
Because / For this reason, Id like to introduce
him to your sister.
Writing an Opinion Essay

1. Make sure you understand the issue.
2. D
ecide if you agree or disagree with the
statement.
3. B
rainstorm ideas you can use to support your
opinion. Look at the points below. Which
could be used by someone who agrees

with the statement above? Which could be
used by someone who disagrees?
2. Add apostrophes where necessary.
1. The dogs fur is white, but its tail is black.
2. Can you hear the peoples screams? Theyre so frightened.
3. I love your jacket. Its beautiful.

3. C
omplete the opinion essay with suitable connectors.
Too Much Self-Service Online?

More and more business is being conducted online, from
banking to booking travel tickets. While many people
like this trend, I think it has disadvantages for the
consumer.
First of all, a credit or debit card is usually needed
a result /
1. in order to
make online purchases. 2. As
Therefore ,
people who lack these cards cant take advantage of
Internet deals such as low-priced plane tickets.
Second, the ability to print boarding passes or tickets
at home is presented to consumers as an advantage
but it is also an inconvenience 3. because / it costs us
since
time and money for the ink and paper.
Finally, online orders are often difficult to change,
and customer service is not always readily available.
4.For this reason /
Therefore, some people are nervous about making
online purchases.
All in all, I dont think that consumers who do their
business online are always treated well. Consumers
should let companies know when they dont like this
self-service approach.
- ignoring people when using mobile phones
- same as talking face to face
- loud mobile-phone ringtones
- lit screens disturb
- acceptable behaviour today
4. D
ecide which ideas to include in your essay.
Think of facts, details and examples to
support your arguments.
5. O
Plan
pening: Present the issue and your opinion.

O
Body: Present reasons, facts and
examples to support your opinion.
Closing: Restate your opinion and / or make
suggestions.
7. U
Checklist
I followed the plan for an opinion essay.

I used connectors of cause and result and
connectors of purpose.
punctuation.
I checked that the verbs and subjects
agree.

29

Vocabulary
Grammar
4. C
of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or
passive.
1. Dont crawl / lean on the wall! The paint is wet!

2. L uckily, I didnt lose my work when my computer
crashed / restarted.
3. T he pole / fence around our garden is made of
wood.
4. The password / tutorial is easy to remember.
5. Im sorry, but theres no available / pressing
appointment today.
6. S he grew up in an affluent / updated family, so
she never had to worry about money.
2. C
preposition. Pay attention to the words in
bold.
1. Some packaged foods seem to consist mainly

of
chemicals.
2. W
ere going to stay
on the beach!
at / in
a hotel right
3. I like Charles, but I wouldnt depend

on
him for anything important.
4. Y
ou forgot to remind me
birthday.
for
5. K
ate applied
driving licence yesterday.
about
Sues
her provisional
3. C
omplete the sentences with the words and
phrases below.
turn out fleet urge deny access

delete
1. W
hen some ex-smokers get the
for a cigarette, they chew gum.
2. D
ont worry. Everything will
perfectly.
urge
turn out
5. Did he
deny
access
Writing
5. C
connector of cause, result or purpose. There
may be more than one correct answer.
1. A lot of cafs offer free wireless Internet access

because it attracts customers.
delete this sentence from

3. Y
ou should
your essay. Its unnecessary.
4. I have no idea why I cant
Internet at the moment.
Urban legends those scary or weird stories that

1.
are said
(say) to be true but arent
have been around for a long time. In the 1800s in
England, for instance, rumours 2. spread / were spread
(spread) of the existence of a man who
3.
was referred (refer) to as Spring-Heeled
Jack. He had a terrifying appearance and could jump
very high. Since the mid-1930s, tales
4. have been told
(tell) of alligators living in the
sewers under New York City. Nowadays, urban legends
5.
are making / (make) their way around the
make
world with the click of a mouse. In recent years,
have read
millions of people 6.
(read) that
certain tight jeans can kill the wearer and that
live
poisonous spiders often 7.
(live)
in passenger jet bathrooms. Both of these stories are
false. But even if we know that urban legends are
untrue, many of us still enjoy reading them. Theyve
even become the subject of research for some folklore
specialists who keep a close eye on the Internet to learn
which are going viral that is, which urban legends
8. are being read
(read) by and forwarded to
millions of people.
the
2. M
eg cant eat sugar. Therefore , she has to
read food labels carefully.
3. Due to /
a computing error, the January
Because of
electricity bills were incorrect.
that he had been cheating?
6. T hey offer good prices on all the cruise ships in

fleet
their
.
1. His friends / friends jacket is very expensive.

2. Its / Its going to rain soon.
30
Unit 3

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. C
expressions below.
3. C
omplete the sentences so that they have
a similar meaning to the original. Make any
necessary changes.
shortcuts landfills emerged devices

exposed delete fool
making a mountain out of a molehill
tip of the iceberg social-networking sites
1. S ome combinations of computer keyboard keys
shortcuts
can be used as quick
to
delete
add or
text.
2. Unfortunately, computer scams and hoaxes
fool
a lot of people,
and the scams we know about are only the
tip of the iceberg .
3. New facts about the businessmans crimes have
emerged
in recent days, and
details about his private life have also been
exposed
.
4. Mobile phones, computers and other electronic
devices
shouldnt be disposed of
landfills
in
.
5. I think that those who say its dangerous to meet
people through social-networking are
making a mountain . sites
out of a molehill
2. C
omplete the passage with the verbs below.
forward post take catch

We do things so fast online that we dont always stop to
think before we 1. forward an e-mail containing a
post
silly joke to a friend or 2.
new messages or
pictures on our Facebook page. Next time, pause for a
moment. Is your friend studying so much that he / she
catch his / her breath? Then you
can hardly 3.
may not want to bother him / her with an unnecessary
e-mail. Did you 4. take / post a photo of someone that
might embarrass them? Then perhaps its better not to
put it on your Facebook page, as its difficult to know
catch sight of it. Remember: think
who will 5.
before you click.
1. Have you watered the plants?

Have the plants
been watered
2. This is the first time Ive eaten Thai food.

I ve
/ have never eaten Thai food before .
3. We got to the concert after it began.

The concert
had already begun by the time.

we arrived
4. C
omplete the passage with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets.
be
blog identities
(should / be) private? Thats the question many people
2. have been asking
(ask) since August 2009. A judge
3.
made
in New York
(make) Google
reveal the name of a blogger who, in one of her blog
entries, 4. had insulted (insult) model Liskula
Cohen. Many people 5. were angered (anger) by
this decision, which 6. was considered (consider) to
be a threat to free speech. I 7. would have agreed
(would / agree) with the judges verdict, but the blogger
8.hadnt threatened
(not threaten) Cohen in any way,
said one New York lawyer. But other people celebrated
the judges decision as a reminder that people
9.
shouldnt be (should not / allow) to write
allowed
whatever they want anonymously. Whats your opinion
on the matter?
1.
Should
Writing
5. R
ewrite the run-on sentences below with
suitable connectors. Make any necessary
changes. There may be more than one correct
answer.
1. I want to go on holiday this summer, I need to

earn some money.
I want to go on holiday this summer, so

I need to earn some money.
2. We took umbrellas, it didnt rain.
We took umbrellas but it didnt rain /

even though it didnt rain.
3. I was upset, I was also embarrassed.
I was upset and embarrassed.
31
Sense It
2. C
phrases below.
accurate mouth-watering tough

nasty weird all the rage
tough
1. The exercise class was too
for me. Ill have to find an easier one.
2. I dont like high heels, even though theyre
all the rage now.
3. Instructions must be
accurate
.
nasty
things to
4. She said some

me last night. Shed better apologise.
weird
to be true.
6. The bakery is full of mouth-watering cakes
5. That story is too
Vocabulary
and biscuits.
3. C
Across
1. This pattern smells / looks great.
1. stay in the same place
2. This song / book has no rhythm.
4. speak in an extremely soft voice
3. Residents complain about the bad / loud

odours from the factory.
6. look at intently for a period of time

7. cause something to happen
4. My only purchase was a laptop / toothache.

5. Theres a new exhibit Id like to eat at / see.
6. I love the scent of lemons, although I dont like
to eat / smell them.
Down
2. move closer
3. smell bad
4. M
ake as many logical pairs by combining the
adjectives and nouns below.
5. keep something for the future

6. move ones hand gently on something
1
e m a i n
s
p
t
p
4
w h i s p e r
5
s
o
n
6
s t a r e
t
k
t
c
o
7
t r i g g e r
h
o
e
k
e
3
djectives:
A
tasty
bright
pale
faint
smooth
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
32
Nouns:
skin
hair
meal
material
colour
noise
tasty meal
bright colour
bright material
pale colour
pale skin
pale material
faint noise
smooth skin
smooth material
smooth hair
Unit 4
5. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.
bitter all the rage accurate savoury flavour trigger take advantage of
Umami The Fifth Taste
bitter
Tastes used to be categorised into four categories: sweet, salty, sour and 1.
2.
accurate list must include a fifth taste umami. This refers to the rich and 3.
foods, like Parmesan cheese, have.
. But now, any
savoury taste some
Umami was first identified in the early 1900s by Japanese researchers who traced its source to seaweed, long
used in Japanese cooking to give extra 4. flavour to food. Umami cookery is 5. all the rage these days,
take
and it may even have health benefits. For instance, people can 6.
umami to lower their salt
advantage of
intake. Moreover, people who eat umami-rich diets tend to eat fewer calories. The reason for this is believed
to be that umami-poor food leaves people dissatisfied, which will 7. trigger the desire to eat more.
6. T
he following sentences dont make sense. Make them logical by replacing the phrasal verbs in bold
with the correct phrasal verb in bold from a different sentence. Make any necessary changes.
1. Looking at those old photos started up a lot of happy memories.

2. Our school set off a website last year.
brought back
set up
3. At first, he started over as a painter, but for the past 30 years, hes done mainly sculpture.
started out
4. I didnt like my drawing in art class, so I decided to set up.

5. The loud noise brought back the alarm.
start over
set off
6. I want to set Paul back to the party tonight. I think hell have fun.
7. She started out her first business when she was 15 years old.
bring along
started up
8. When the tennis star broke her ankle, it brought her along, and she didnt win a match for over a year.
set back
7. Match each sentence in I with a logical continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.
1. She ignores everything I say.

2. We rarely agree about politics.
3. They moved abroad three years ago.
4. She has to learn not to treat people so rudely.
5. Thats a stupid idea.
6. They rarely eat dessert.
3
5
6
1
4
II
a. But we keep in touch with each other.

b. Wheres their common sense?
c. They dont have much of a sweet tooth.
d. It just goes in one ear and out the other.
e. Someone should give her a taste of her own
medicine.
2 f. We simply dont see eye to eye.
1. A recent purchase I made was
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
2. I was in a bad mood because
3. It goes in one ear and out the other when adults tell teens
4. In my opinion, a pleasant aroma is
5. I once saw an exhibit of
6. Id like to start up a
7. I think its disgusting when
8. I once stared at someone who
33
Grammar
3. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
Ive never
surfed
before.
1. Complete the sentences with the reporting

verbs below. There may be more than one
correct answer.
denied complained advised asked

warned suggested reminded
refused wondered
asked me why I was in a bad mood.

2. David reminded me that the meeting was in
1. Sharon
1. He admitted that he

before
.
Im having my driving test today.
an hour.
3. Marcy refused
was too busy.
had never surfed
to volunteer because she
4. Carolyn wondered / whether the city bus tour

asked
was worth taking.
5. The boy
denied
eating all the biscuits.
6. The security guard asked / us not to lean

warned
over the fence.
2. He told me that
he was having his

driving test that day
7. She complained that the film was boring.
advised / trying the new Mexican

8. Steve suggested
restaurant.
9. My dad advised
my application.
Whos been wearing my clothes?
me to print two copies of
1. Its fine. Ill let you borrow my camera for the

weekend.

to let
Sara agreed
camera for the weekend.
3. Lucy demanded to know who

had been
wearing her clothes
me borrow her
Ill help you when the programmes finished.
2. I promise that I wont tell anyone.

Mark promised that he

anyone.
wouldnt tell
3. Where are you going?

She wondered where I
was going
4. Ive been waiting here for you for an hour!

Robert complained that he

there for me for an hour.
had been waiting
5. I may travel to London next weekend.

4. Joe said he would
help me when
the programme was finished
I cant wait until the new bike lane is built.
Miranda mentioned that she

might travel to London the following
weekend.
6. Ive finally made a decision.

Jason told me that he
had finally made .

a decision
7. You should add more salt.

Danny suggested
adding /
that I add
more salt.
5. He said he
couldnt wait until the new

bike lane was built
34
Unit 4
4. R
ewrite the sentences in reported speech.
1. What time is it? Libby asked her mum.

Libby asked her mum what time it was.
2. You should tell Sam how you feel, my best

friend advised me.

My best friend advised me to tell Sam

how I felt.
3. Will you have time to go to the supermarket

today? my mother asked me.
1. Bess told to me that she used to play the guitar.

Bess told me that she used to play the

guitar.
2. I asked my sister that if I could borrow her coat.

I asked my sister if I could borrow her

coat.
3. They wondered whether did I liked horror films.

They wondered whether I liked horror

films.
4. Sam suggested that we ate at a restaurant.
Sam suggested eating at a restaurant /

My mother asked me if / whether I would
that we eat at a restaurant.
have time to go to the supermarket that day. 5. The
lifeguard warned us didnt swim there.
4. Dont sit on the grass, the young woman
The lifeguard warned us not to swim
warned them.
there.
The young woman warned them not to
sit on the grass.

5. I didnt have enough time to finish the work,

Barbara complained.

Barbara complained that she hadnt

had enough time to finish the work.
6. Everyone has to write an essay about the

book, the teacher explained.

The teacher explained that everyone

had to write an essay about the book.
5. C
omplete the e-mail with the correct form of
1. T im explained that that song always brought

back happy childhood memories.
Tim
explic que aquella cancin siempre le traa
a la memoria recuerdos felices de su niez.
2. S ome customers wanted to know where that
pleasant smell came from.

3. I told Angie not to bother me because I was in a

bad mood.

Le dije a Angie que no me molestara

porque yo estaba de mal humor.
4. M
um advised Dad to approach his boss about a
holiday.
Jessica@gmail.com
Dear Jessica,
I ran into Ben Smithson at the hospital today.
He looked pretty upset. He told me that he
1.
was visiting (visit) his cousin, who had
an infected cut on her foot. I asked him how that
2. had happened
(happen), and he explained
that a few days before, she 3. had stepped
(step) on broken glass on the beach and
4.
hadnt felt (not feel) it. I asked how
5.couldnt have felt
she
(could / not feel) it. He
explained that she was born with a rare genetic
disorder that made it impossible for her to feel pain.
meant
He also pointed out that it 6.
(mean) that she didnt always know when she was
injured or ill. I asked whether there
7.
was
(be) any cure for the disorder,
and Ben said that researchers 8. were making
(make) progress in understanding it, but that he
would be
also thought it 9.
(be) quite a
long time before a cure was found.
Ill keep you posted.
Annie
Algunos/as clientes/as queran saber de

dnde vena aquel agradable olor.
Mam le aconsej a pap que abordase

a su jefe/a acerca de unas vacaciones.
5. T hey warned me not to walk alone at night in

that city.

Me advirtieron que no caminara solo/a

de noche en aquella ciudad.
Grammar Review
8. C
1. You should have let (should / let) Dave

drive your car last night, my father said.
2. He complained that the research he
had been doing (do) for the past year was
becoming boring.
3. Jeffrey has been learning(learn) to sail since
June and is about to buy a boat.
4. Katie called and said that they
wouldnt begin (not begin) dinner until we
got there. Its nice that theyre going to wait for
us.
5. We had been sitting (sit) in the dark for an
hour by the time the electricity came back on.
35
Sensing Danger
reading
1. S
can the text and find the following
information:
2004
2. the number of countries affected over ten
3. places in danger of earthquakes Japan and
California
1. the year the tsunami occurred
2. Read the text and choose the correct answer.
1. The elephant mentioned in the article ... .

a. made dogs nervous
b. fled from the beach just after the tsunami
c. was seen fleeing to the beach
d. left the beach moments before the tsunami
2. S ome animals are very sensitive to subtle
environmental changes because ... .
a. they see better than people
b. of their strong electromagnetic senses
c. they dont hear or smell well
d. some of their senses are more highly
developed than peoples senses
1. understanding something after it has occurred

hindsight
(paragraph 1)
perished
3. extremely nervous (paragraph 2) agitated
zones
4. areas (paragraph 5)
2. died (paragraph 2)
4. Answer the questions according to the text.
1. What was peculiar about the bats behaviour?

They were flying during the day.
2. How do some pets behave before an

earthquake?

Theyre extremely agitated.
3. What happens when a monkey alerts its group

to danger?

Other animals react to it.
4. Why are scientists in Japan and China studying

the behaviour of animals in earthquake regions?

After many earthquakes, there are reports of miraculous

animal survival and of behaviour that, in hindsight, seemed
to predict the disaster.
For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which was
triggered by an enormous undersea earthquake, killed
more than 200,000 people in over ten countries. However,
surprisingly few wild animals perished, because most
managed to make it to safety. Soon after the tsunami,
stories circulated about weird animal behaviour that had
been witnessed prior to it, including nocturnal bats flying
in the daytime, dogs acting nervously and an elephant
fleeing a beach. In Japan, California and other earthquake
regions, pet owners often claim that their pets become
extremely agitated prior to an earthquake.
Can animals, in fact, predict impending natural disasters?
Not really. It is more accurate to say that because of strong
senses, especially hearing and smell, some animals can
detect very subtle changes in their environment better
than people can. Some may also be alerted to danger
through an ability to detect electromagnetic changes in
the atmosphere.
In addition, many species are known to have
sophisticated communication systems, which are also
observed and reacted to by other species. When a monkey,
for instance, sees a predator and expresses a danger signal
to its social group, other animals will react to it. Many
researchers believe that it is reasonable to assume that
similar interactions exist when theres danger from natural
disasters as well.
However, despite animals apparent early warning
systems, many scientists doubt that studying them will
improve our ability to predict earthquakes and tsunamis.
But a few researchers, especially in China and Japan,
disagree and regularly monitor animal behaviour
in earthquake zones. Theyre convinced that it will
eventually prove invaluable in improving our ability to
predict earthquakes, and perhaps other natural disasters.
In the meantime, it wouldnt hurt to keep an eye on your
dog or cat.
They believe it will improve our ability

to predict earthquakes.
36
Unit 4
writing
Your Task
1. A
dd a suitable adverb of degree and a suitable adverb
of frequency to each sentence below. Do not use the
same adverb more than once.
Describe a school event
Write a description of a school event.

Write 100-150 words.
1. Ann, who is committed to being a vegetarian, eats meat.
Ann, who is completely committed to

being a vegetarian, never eats meat.

2. This shop isnt so busy, but today its crowded because

of the sale.
This shop isnt usually so busy, but today

its very crowded because of the sale.

2. R
ewrite the sentences by moving the adverb or
adverbial phrase.
1. Ive only read the first chapter because Ive been busy.

Because Ive been busy, Ive only read the

first chapter.
2. I noticed the Eiffel Tower walking along the street.

Walking along the street, I noticed the

Eiffel Tower.
3. You can almost buy anything online.

You can buy almost anything online.
4. John nearly pays 800 a month for rent.

John pays nearly 800 a month for rent.
3. R
ead the essay below and circle adjectives that
describe what the writer sees, hears and smells. Then
circle adverbs that modify verbs and adjectives.
Celebrating Musicals in New York

On a sunny Sunday afternoon last September, I was
in Times Square, in New York City, for Broadway on
Broadway, a free outdoor event featuring songs and
dances from over 20 musicals. I usually dont enjoy
crowded events, but this one was really wonderful!
Thousands of people, laughing and talking, filled the
square. The festive atmosphere was enhanced by
mouth-watering aromas of hot dogs and roasted nuts
from nearby carts. Suddenly, there was a burst of loud
music from the orchestra, and the show began. It was
an amazing two hours of dramatic singing and colourful
costumes. Sometimes, the audience sang along they
actually sounded pretty good. Enormous speakers and
video screens meant that nobody missed a thing.
During the last song, millions of small, colourful pieces
of confetti floated down on the crowd, and we all caught
some in our hands. It was a magical ending!
1. T
hink of a school event youd like to write
about. The following are some possibilities:

- a sports day
- a party
- a celebration or event for a local, regional or

religious holiday
- a musical or theatrical performance
- a class visit to a museum or historical site
2. T
hink of aspects of the event that you can
describe. Consider things such as:

- atmosphere
- weather
- sounds
- audience
- tastes
- participants
3. T
hink of the opinion you would like to
express about the event. Use positive
and negative adjectives, and adverbs of
frequency and degree.
4. D
ecide which ideas to include in your essay.
Organise your ideas. Use the model in
Plan
Opening: State what the event was and

when and where it took place.
Give a personal opinion.

Body: Describe the event in detail.
C
losing: Sum up the event and your
opinion.
6. U
Checklist
I followed the plan for a description of an

event.
I used a rich variety of adjectives and
adverbs.
punctuation.
I used adverbs and adverbial phrases
correctly.
This event is always held in September, so if youre ever

in New York then, dont miss it!
37

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Complete the sentences with the words

below.
1. Where have you been?
firm rhythm odour mood

pattern purchase
4. The pattern
flowers.

in
Emily suggested
trying the lasagne there / .

that I try the lasagne there
The vet warned us
not to let our dog eat

chocolate
4. Youre interrupting me!

Susan complained that I was
interrupting her.
on these shirts resembles
5. The drummer in a band keeps the
rhythm .
6. Cigarette smoke always leaves behind a strong

odour .
2. Match each sentence in I with a logical
continuation in II. Pay attention to the
underlined words.
3. Dont let your dog eat chocolate.
2. Dont speak to Sally today. Shes in a bad

mood .
firm
I had been
2. You should try the lasagne here.
1. The shop is giving a free watch with every

purchase of over 20.
3. She works for the largest law

the city.
My dad asked me where
4. R
of the sentences.
1. Have you booked your plane ticket? Diana

wanted to know. (whether)

2. The meat should be cooked for at least an

hour, Christine told me. (advised)

1. You dont have to whisper.
Diana wanted to know whether I had

booked my plane ticket.
Christine advised me to cook the meat
for at least an hour.
2. Im sorry I was staring at you.
3. Im not going to sing in front of everyone,

Andrew told me. (refused)
3. Youll have to start over.
4. Something stinks.
5. You should take advantage of everything here.
4. Eileen wont be here until later, Sam informed

us. (told)
6. We started up the company a year ago.
7. Dont be afraid to stroke him.

8. I was too nervous to approach him.

II
8 a. But it was exciting to be in the same room

b. The smell is making me ill.
c. Hes a friendly cat.
d. You look very familiar to me.
e. So far, it hasnt been successful.
f. Theres a lot to do in this city.
g. I forgot to push the record button.
h. Nobody else can hear us.
Sam told us that Eileen wouldnt be

there until later.
Writing
5. C
adverb.
Possible Answers
1. Im almost certain that the train leaves at

2.00. Ive checked the timetable three times.
as someone so famous.
4
7
2
6
5
3
1
Andrew refused to sing in front of

everyone.
rarely goes abroad. I dont think hes

2. He
been out of the country for at least three years.
very
3. Im
angry with Laura. She read my
diary and told everyone about it.
often eats salad, but my dad
4. My mum
doesnt like vegetables at all.
38
Unit 4

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. W
3. C
T 1. When something is accurate, its correct.

F 2. W
hen a sound is deafening, it cant be heard.
When a sound is deafening it can be
heard.
T 3. When something is banned, its not allowed.

F 4. When something goes in one ear and out

the other, someone is paying attention.
When something goes in one ear and out

the other, someone isnt paying attention.
F 5. When something is controversial, it causes
believe
(believe) a cure
will be found (find) soon.
2. For a few months, Ididnt understand(not
1. Researchers
for deafness
understand) why Gill wasnt responding to my

e-mails. It turned out that I had been sending
(send) e-mails to her old address.
3. Ever since they lowered their prices, their
sales have increased (increase). In
are
fact, orders
no longer
being taken (take) for some of the laptops
because they are sold out.
no disagreement.
When something is controversial, it

causes much disagreement.
2. C
omplete the passage with suitable words and
phrases below.
user-friendly available bright

overwhelmed devoted device
portable faint fleet shortcut
Vision restoration used to be a fantasy. But now,
thanks to technological and medical advances, several
research teams are 1. devoted to working on a
process that will make it a reality. This process involves
inserting electrodes into the eyes, and using glasses
equipped with a miniature video camera and a small
2.
device called a video processor. Whatever the
camera sees is sent to the video processor. The video
processor then transmits those signals to the electrodes,
which send them to the brain. This system is currently
being tested on nearly 40 patients in the USA, Mexico
and Europe. Some of the people dont think
that the lightweight, 3. portable equipment is
particularly 4.user-friendly, as it requires a lot of
practice to use it properly. But nearly all of the
patients are already able to see things they couldnt see
bright lights or a 6.
faint
before, like 5.
outline of a person or object. Researchers are definitely
encouraged by this and estimate that within 20 years,
various cures for blindness will be readily 7. available .
4. R
of the sentences.
1. It started raining yesterday morning and its still

raining. (since)
It has been raining since yesterday

morning.
2. How much did your phone cost? Jeff asked.

(Ron)
Jeff asked Ron how much his phone had

cost.
3. Everyone thinks that the plan is impractical.

(thought)
The plan is thought to be impractical.
4. We made a mistake by not bringing a bottle of

water. (should)
We should have brought a bottle of

water.
5. Ive been considering going to art college,

Debbie said. (mentioned)
Debbie mentioned that she had been

considering going to art college.
Writing
Possible Answers
5. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable word or
phrase.
1. You have to buy a new Travelcard

this one has expired.
because
2. In order to get physically fit, John has started

going to a gym.
3. Hes totally involved in his new project, and
hasnt got time for anything else.
39
3. C
omplete the captions with the expressions
below.
fight back turn ... into get to

push ... around break up
1
Could you
into
turn
me
a basketball star?
Families
Vocabulary
I decided to fight back this time!
I dont have to do it! You cant

me around !
1. T
he following sentences dont make sense.
Make them logical by replacing the words and
phrases in bold with the correct word or phrase
in bold from a different sentence.
1. M
y aunt is self-centred. Im so excited that shes
going to have a baby! pregnant
2. T
hank you for everything youve done for me.
Im very jealous. grateful
3. My mums only nephew is her twin brother.
sibling
push
4. H
es an only child, but hes been dating
single
someone for quite a while.
5. T
he girl was pregnant because everyone was
paying attention to the baby. jealous
6. Im single. I dont have brothers or sisters.
an only child
7. Y
oure grateful. Youre not interested in other
people! self-centred
When do I
get to
play?
8. I love being an uncle. I spoil my sibling by buying

him a lot of toys. nephew
2. C
underlined words.
1. We cheered when we saw our good / bad marks.

2. S
usan is a widow. Her husband / brother was
killed in a car crash.
3. The decision / goal was made by the referee.

4. Lets take a break and go back to work / relax.
5. I like all my relatives. Im lucky to have such
a nice family / nice neighbours.
6. Spouses are invited to the party at my mums
office, so my dad / I will go with her.
40
I think Sally and Paul are

going to break up .
Unit 5
4. C
of the words below.
6. C
the words and phrases below.
brother-in-law grow apart get along

niece cousin bond break up
marry frustrate lose prefer sense

interest construct manage
1. T his maths problem is frustrating !
I cant work it out.
2. In some cultures, it is traditional for a
married woman to wear a gold
or silver ring.
Shelly@gmail.com
Hi Shelly,
sensible thing to do!
3. T hats not a
In fact, I think its quite stupid.
This was supposed to be a nice family holiday in the

country, but things arent going well so far. My sister
and her husband, my 1. brother-in-law Bob,
arent 2. getting along , and their arguments
are making everyone uncomfortable. They used to
bond
have a strong 3.
, but for some
reason, theyve 4. grown apart recently. I
break up
dont think they want to 5.
, but
theyd better resolve their problems soon because
their arguments are affecting their daughter. In fact,
niece
this morning, my 6.
told me that
she doesnt want to get married. Isnt that sad?
4. I like both chocolate and vanilla ice cream.

I dont have a preference .
manager ?
6. My little brother loves to construct
5. Whats the name of the office
towers with wooden building blocks.

7. Lost
in shelters.
dogs often end up
8. H
es a very interesting man, and he tells
fascinating stories about his past.
I hope that everything is calmer by Saturday for my

great-grandfathers 80th birthday party. Some
7.
cousins
who are around my age are
coming too, so I hope itll be a fun day.
5. M
atch each sentence in I with a logical
continuation in II. Pay attention to the
underlined words.
And by the way, how are my cats? I miss them and

Im so glad youre looking after them!
1. Ellen doesnt take after her mum.

2. Steve and David were raised in small villages.
Love,
3. This has nothing to do with Sue or Emma.
Gill
4. They had to settle for a one-room flat.

5. They nodded in agreement.
6. They didnt flee the area.
7. T hey found ancient pottery that had been
buried thousands of years ago.
8. They smiled and faked it.

7. C
omplete the sentences. Make them true
for you.
1. I would feel sad if I ever grew apart from

II

correct answers.
2. People sometimes say I take after
3
4
7
6
a. They dont even know about it.
b. They couldnt afford anything bigger.
3. One of my favourite relatives is
c. It was very deep in the ground.
d. Instead, they stayed to help after the

earthquake.
4. I have inherited
5
2
8
1
e. Thats how I knew they approved.

f. When they were 18, they both left home.
5. When someone tries to push me around, I

.
6. When I take a break from studying, I like to
.
g. But I knew they werent having a good time.

h. Theyre not at all alike.
7. Theres a strong bond between me and

41
Grammar
1. C
omplete the passage with the relative pronouns below.
where which that who when whose

More Than a Meal
when the whole

Family meals, a time 1.
family gets together, are disappearing in many
homes. Between parents 2. who / that work long
whose after-school
hours and children 3.
timetables are filled with homework, friends, sport
and other activities, its often difficult for everyone
to sit down together at the same time. However, some experts say the effort should be made. To begin with, a 1996
study found that family meals 4. that /which included lively conversation promoted language development in
young children. Furthermore, mealtimes can be a time for a family to bond through shared food and conversation.
This may partly explain the results of two studies 5.which / that were conducted in the USA in 2004 and involved
more than 5,000 young people between the ages of 11 and 18. Both studies found a connection between frequent family
where
meals and higher marks, as well as lower rates of depression, alcohol and drug abuse. In fact, in homes 6.
two or fewer meals each week were eaten as a family, young people were nearly twice as likely to abuse drugs and
alcohol as their peers 7. who / that frequently ate with their families.
2. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. Add commas where necessary. There may
be more than one correct answer. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun?
1. The play that
/ which I saw last night was written by a teenager.

who
2. Arnold Schwarzenegger,
became famous as the star of the Terminator films ,
is the governor of California.
3. The week before exams is always a time
when
I spend hours in the library.
who
was one of the founders of Apple Computers.
where we can have coffee and dessert.
4. Im reading about Steve Jobs,

5. Lets go to a nice place
6. Ellen,
whose
father is a TV reporter, is studying journalism at university.
which / I bought on sale are the best pair Ive ever had.
that
The relative pronoun can be omitted in sentences 1 and 7.
7. The sunglasses
3. R
ewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the
sentences.
1. This is Linda. You will be working with her. (who)

This is Linda, who you will be working with.
2. I took a message for my sister. She was in the shower. (who)

I took a message for my sister, who was in the shower.
3. He downloads the songs. He gets them free online. (that)

He downloads the songs that he gets for free online.
4. Im looking forward to next week. Well be on holiday then. (when)

Im looking forward to next week, when well be on holiday.
5. The company was established in 1995. It has been particularly successful since 2004. (which)

The company, which was established in 1995, has been particularly successful since 2004. /
The company, which has been particularly successful since 2004, was established in 1995.
42
Unit 5
4. C
ombine the sentences with defining or nondefining relative clauses. Add commas where
necessary. Leave out the relative pronoun
where possible.
1. W
ere going to Chicago in December. It will be
very cold then.
Were going to Chicago in December,

when it will be very cold.

2. S teve is always taking photographs. He wants to

become a professional photographer one day.
Steve, who is always taking photographs,

wants to become a professional photographer
one day. / Steve, who wants to become a
professional photographer one day, is always
taking photographs.
1. T he band that it first sang this song was My

Chemical Romance.

The band that first sang this song was

My Chemical Romance.
2. O
live oil is used in many countries, where it has
been produced for ages there.

Olive oil is used in many countries,

where it has been produced for ages.
3. Its hard to find a friend who you can rely on him.

Its hard to find a friend who you can

rely on.
4. Ottawa, in where I was born, is in Canada.

Ottawa, where I was born, is in Canada.
3. H
ere is the brochure about the holiday resort.
We might go to it.
5. A
id is being provided to families whose their
homes were destroyed in the flood.
Here is the brochure about the holiday

resort that / which we might go to. / Here
is the brochure about the holiday resort
where we might go.
4. S ues father is Japanese. Sue visits Japan every

July.
Sue, whose father is Japanese, visits

Japan every July.

5. H
er car was a gift from her parents. It was
stolen.
Her car, which was a gift from her

parents, was stolen. / Her car, which was
stolen, was a gift from her parents.

5. C
ombine the sentences using both the formal
structure and the informal structure. Use
correct punctuation.
1. N
icole introduced me to the man. She had been
talking to him.
Nicole introduced me to the man

to whom she had been talking.

informal: Nicole introduced me to the man
who she had been talking to.

formal:
2. H
urricane Katrina was a natural disaster. I am
writing a report about it.
Aid is being provided to families whose

homes were destroyed in the flood.
1. T he issue we are discussing has nothing to do

with you.

El asunto que estamos discutiendo / del

que estamos hablando no tiene nada que
ver contigo.
2. Y
ou must be grateful to the people who have
always supported you.

Debes estar agradecido/a a la gente que

siempre te ha apoyado.
3. M
y cousin Jane, who is an only child, has plenty
of self-confidence.

Mi prima Jane, que es hija nica, tiene

mucha confianza en s misma.
4. I overheard the conversation which my parents

were having in the next room.

O por causalidad la conversacin

que mis padres estaban teniendo en la
habitacin de al lado.
5. J immy, whose parents died in a car accident, was

raised by his relatives.

Jimmy, cuyos padres murieron en un

accidente de coche, fue criado por sus
familiares.
Grammar Review
Hurricane Katrina was a natural

disaster about which I am

writing a report.
informal: Hurricane Katrina was a natural
disaster which I am writing a

report about.
3. T he letter has just been delivered. I have been

waiting for it.
3. Im so tired. I shouldnt have / couldnt have /

wouldnt have stayed up so late last night.
formal:
The letter for which I have been

waiting has just been delivered.
formal:
informal: The
letter which I have been

waiting for has just been
delivered.
1. W
e took a break after we has been studying /
had been studying / were studying for hours.
2. S teve denied being / to be / to have been
responsible for the error.
4. Im nervous about next week, when / that /

where I have three exams.
5. C
olin and Teri have been engaged /
were engaged / are engaged since April.
43
reading
All i n th e Fam ily
1. R
ead the opening sentence in the text.
What can you infer from it?
When I think about how my life will be after I finish

school, I cant help thinking about how things might be
if I had a different family .
a. The writer has finished school.

b. The writer hasnt finished school.
2. R
ead the rest of the text and choose the
correct answer.
1. The New York Times ... .

a. is owned by Rupert Murdoch
b. was owned by a different family a century
ago
c. is an important part of Murdochs company
d. has been run for over 100 years by one
family
2. Joely Richardson ... .

a.
b.

c.
d.
is Vanessa Redgraves granddaughter

belongs to a well-known acting family in
Britain
is part of a famous American acting family
is Sir Michael Redgraves daughter
3. F ind words or expressions in the text that

mean the opposite of:
1. unlikely, improbable (paragraph 3)

2. minor (paragraph 3)
3. achieved a goal (paragraph 5)
realistic
key
fallen
short
4. F ind words or phrases in the text that mean

the same as:
duo
2. inherited, genetic (paragraph 4) in the blood
drive
3. determination (paragraph 6)
1. pair (paragraph 4)
1. Dudley Singleton & Daughter is an example of
a father and son / daughter small business

.
been
as
2. Julian and Sean Lennon have not
successful as their father in the music .
business

If my parents were small-business owners, I could aspire

to be the son in one of those companies with names
like Smith & Sons. Wherever I go, Im noticing this
on signs all over London. Ive even seen a Dudley
Singleton & Daughter, for an estate agents firm.
If my parents were media tycoons, I might have a
realistic chance of running a newspaper or television
station. The respected newspaper The New York Times
has been controlled by generations of the same family
for more than a century. And some of the children of
Rupert Murdoch founder and head of a worldwide
media company have held key positions in their
fathers businesses. Note to Mr Murdoch: if youd like
to adopt a teenager, Im available!
If my parents were actors, Im sure I could be a famous
film star like many of the actors today. Ben Stillers
parents were a comedy duo for years; Kate Hudsons
mother is actress Goldie Hawn; Michael Douglas father
is actor Kirk Douglas. Drew Barrymore comes from
a long line of American actors, and Joely Richardson
is part of a distinguished British acting dynasty that
includes her mum, Vanessa Redgrave, and grandfather,
Sir Michael Redgrave. In these cases, talent seems to be
in the blood!
If my parents were in the music business, I might be
a singer like Enrique Iglesias, the son of world-famous
singer Julio Iglesias. On the other hand, John Lennons
sons, Julian and Sean, have released CDs, but have fallen
far short of the success of their Beatle father to whom
theyre inevitably compared.
Obviously, family connections can help. But we
shouldnt ignore the fact that success requires drive,
ability, talent and, of course, some luck no matter who
your family is.
44
Unit 5
writing
Your Task
1. Choose two correct answers for each question.
Writing A Narrative
Write a narrative about a friend.

Write 100-150 words.
1. As soon as / Eventually / As time went on, Alan and I

lost touch with each other.
2. Before / From the start / At first, I didnt like Elliot.
3. W
e saw Mikes new flat while / when / during we were
in London.
4. D
iana had finished tidying up by the time / before /
until I got home.
5. Eventually / All of a sudden / Suddenly, a door
slammed somewhere in the house.
2. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets. Make certain that the verbs agree
with the subject of the sentence.
1. My favourite kind of novels
is
(be) mysteries.
1. B
rainstorm the events in your narrative. Try
to include a problem or conflict.
2. D
ecide whether or not the problem will be
resolved. If so, how? If not, how will your
story end?
3. O
Plan
Opening: Describe the setting and introduce

the main characters.

Body: Relate the events in the story,
including a problem or conflict.
Closing: Tell how the story ends.
needs (need) to buy different things, so

2. E ach of us
lets meet after we shop.
3. Usually, a small minority of survey respondents

give
(give) dishonest answers.
5. U
4. Rice and beans
taste
(taste) good together.
3. C
omplete the narrative with suitable expressions
of time and sequence. There may be more than one
correct answer.
The Perfect Gift

Possible Answers
For as long as I can remember, my parents have given
me disappointing birthday presents things like shirts,
jeans and trainers, instead of rollerblades and video
At first
games.1.
, when I was younger,
I complained, but it didnt do any good.
2.
As time went on , I gave up, and my parents
bad choices of birthday gifts became a family joke.
Checklist
I followed the plan for a narrative.

I used a variety of expressions of time and
sequence.
I used correct subject/verb agreement.
punctuation.
Thats why last Monday morning, on my 17th birthday,

As soon as
I had no expectations. 3.
I walked into the kitchen, my parents said, Happy
birthday! 4. All of a sudden , my mum handed
me a present. The size and shape of the box made me
think trainers. Thanks! Great! I said, faking more
enthusiasm than I felt. Try them on, my mum
When
suggested. 5.
I lifted up one shoe,
I noticed something inside it. It was an iPhone. I was
so shocked I couldnt speak. My dad said, I think we
6.
finally
got you something you want!

45

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. C
4. C
omplete the passage with a suitable relative
pronoun.
1. I was raised in Montreal, Canada. I lived there

until I was two / twenty.
when teens and

amily holidays, those times 1.
F
parents spend long hours together, can be difficult.
whose
I speak from experience, as a teen 2.
parents insist on a two-week trip every year, preferably
one 3.that / which keeps us all very close to each
other. Weve even been to isolated beach resorts
4.
where weve spent the entire holiday. Im not
which have some
opposed to family holidays, 5.
who
benefits including parents 6.
pay for
everything! I love my parents, but theyre not people
whom I want to spend 24 hours a day.
with 7.
which hurt
Theyve finally accepted that fact, 8.
their feelings, but it had an effect. For the first time,
were planning our holiday together. Were making
sure to include plenty of free time 9. that / which we
can each spend separately.
2. W
e dont usually get along, but last night we
had a good time together / an argument.
3. J ane settled for 5 per hour, which was exactly /
less than what shed asked for.
4. S ylvia takes after her grandmother in many ways.
For example, theyre both artists /
Sylvia brings her groceries every week.
5. H
e inherited this watch from his boss /
grandfather.
6. She nodded and said, Youre right / wrong.
2. C
of the words and phrases below.
cheer push ... around flee

grow apart take a break turn ... into
1. I missed American Idol last night. Which singer
cheer for the most?
did the audience
5. C
ombine the sentences with the words in
brackets.
2. W
ed been rehearsing for four hours before we
finallytook a break.
1. J anine didnt change her opinion on the matter.

We had argued with her for an hour. (whom)
3. Ned is a bully, and he

around .
pushes
turned
4. They bought a large house and
into
a bed-and-breakfast hotel.
flee
5. L uckily, they were able to

fire and werent hurt.
Janine,
with whom we had argued for an hour,

didnt change her opinion on the matter.
people
it
from the
6. Were such good friends. I hope we never

grow apart .
3. C
of the words in brackets.
1. Sharon is studying timemanagement(manage).
interesting (interest) series.

3. The airline passengers were frustrated
2. Its an
(prefer) a table inside
5. M
y grandparents are a happily
(marry) couple.
Im looking forward to June, when Ill

be finished with school.
3. S teven lives in Fulton Street. My favourite

restaurant is also there. (where)

Steven lives in Fulton Street, where my

favourite restaurant is.
Writing
6. C
connector or time expression.
1. At first , Michelle didnt speak French

well, but eventually / , she became fluent.
as time went on
(frustrate) by the long delay.
prefer
4. W
ould you
or on the patio?
2. Im looking forward to June. Ill be finished with

school then. (when)
married
2. I had just fallen asleep when the phone

suddenly rang. However, by the time
I managed to answer it, the caller had hung up.
46
Unit 5

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of
the words in brackets.
3. R
of the sentences.
1. T hats the first sensible

had all weekend!
(sense) idea youve
2. M
y parents rarely give each other
(expense) gifts.
expensive
1.
Im not going to watch the DVD because Ive
already seen the film twice, explained Cara. (that)
Cara explained that she wasnt

going to watch the DVD because she
had already seen the film twice.

manager (manage) of a small shop.

4. We watched in amazement (amaze) as the
3. Shes the
athlete broke the world record.
interested (interest) in old coins?

6. We always receive marvellous (marvel) service at
5. Are you
this restaurant.
2. Its possible that James flight was delayed by bad

weather. (might)
James flight might have been delayed

by bad weather.

3. I cant wait until this weekend. Im going to a U2

concert. (when)
2. Complete

the passage with suitable words or
expressions below.
pressing emerge greenhouse effect

break up trend inhabit harmful
marriage see eye to eye remain
get to launch
get to
nce a year, people in Britain 1.
O
learn
what their fellow citizens think about a wide range of
subjects from politics to environmental concerns, such
as the 2. greenhouse thanks to the British Social
effect
Attitudes Report. Since the first survey, which was done
more than 25 years ago, new attitudes have started to
3.
emerge
about family-related subjects, such
4.
marriage and children. For example, there
as
trend
is a strong acceptance of the growing 5.
of non-traditional family units. In fact, 66% of people
surveyed in 2006 said that they considered legal
marriage and living together as virtually the same thing.
And 90% of respondents in that same survey appear
pressing
to 6. see eye to eye on the 7.
need for a law that applies to unmarried couples who
8.
break up . This law would mean that they
must share the same financial obligations as married
couples who divorce. Despite these more liberal
attitudes about family, it seems that one thing continues
remain
to 9.
the same since the surveys first
year: more women than men do household chores such as
laundry and cleaning.
I cant wait until this weekend, when

Im going to a U2 concert.

4. T heyre not designing a new website for our

school until next year. (designed)
A new website for our school wont be

designed until next year.

5. The doctor examined Marks eyes yesterday. (had)
Mark had his eyes examined by the

doctor yesterday.

6. I regret buying this very expensive watch. (bought)
I shouldnt have bought this very

expensive watch.

Writing
4. Correct the sentences.
1. I enjoy swimming, cooking and to play computer

games.

I enjoy swimming, cooking and playing

computer games.
2. I wasnt pleased with my mark in the exam, I

didnt fail.

I wasnt pleased with my mark in the

exam, although I didnt fail.
3. Marta almost speaks perfect English.

Marta speaks almost perfect English.
4. Each of the restaurants were expensive.

Each of the restaurants was expensive.

47
A Good Buy
Vocabulary
1. C
omplete the dialogues with the correct form
of the words and phrases below.
snap up get rid of afford nag

stuff merchandise make excuses
on sale overpriced pay the bills
make an effort belongings
Across
3. This shirt is too large, so Id like to
smaller size.
4. We dont
swimsuits at this time of year, but
the sports shop has them all year round.
5. What
of shampoo do you use?
6. Theres a huge
on gym memberships this
month. We can save 40%!
8. If you want to return an item, you must have
your
.
9. Im sorry you werent satisfied with the product,
sir. Ill be happy to give you a full
.
Down
1. Is rental of the scuba-diving
price of the lessons?
2. These shoes are a real
Mark: I wonder if theyll regret buying them when

they have to 6. pay the bills at the end of the
month.
included in the
at only 20.
6. Michelle has a large amount of credit-card
7. I
on dessert and ate a huge piece of
chocolate cake.
Mark: I had no idea that this shop was so expensive!

afford
I cant 1.
anything, not even the
2.
on sale
things that are
.
Rose: Youre right. Everythings terribly
overpriced , but it doesnt seem to matter
3.
to all of these customers who are
4.
snapping up the shops
5.
merchandise , especially the sweaters.
it for a
e
b
t
s
Mum: I want you to tidy up your room today! Im

tired of seeing so many of your 7. belongings
on the floor and piled on your chair.
nagging
Lucy: I know! You keep 8.
me
about it! But I dont have anywhere else to put some
stuff
of that 9.
!
Mum: Stop trying to 10. make excuses .
Im sure youve got things you dont wear or use any
more. I suggest that you 11. make an effort to look
through your things and see what youre willing to
12.
get rid of
. We can donate it to the
charity shop, and then youll have plenty of space.
Lucy: But, Mum!
48
x c h a n g e
r
g
5
b r a n d
i
c o u n t
p
l
u
a
r y
a r
e c e
g
e
d
f u n d
Unit 6
3. C
of do, make or pay.
5. C
omplete the online consumer column with the
correct form of the words and phrases below.
1. Ill speak with Edna about the problem, but that

do
might
more harm than good.
stock up on shop around afford

outlet price tag come to merchandise
go out of business
2. It took Joe quite a while to

at his new school.
make
friends
paid
3. We
a fortune for the concert tickets,
but they were worth it.
4. They were in the neighbourhood, so they
paid
us a visit.
5. We order our groceries online now, so we dont
do
have to go out to
the shopping.
6. Many of my friends now
to eat locally-grown food.
do
their best
7. His parents have refused to help him

his debts.
pay
4. C
underlined words.
1. We had a huge bonfire on the beach /

in our flat yesterday.
2. My neighbours a doctor, whose pastime is
working in a hospital / painting landscapes.
3. Due to our culture of consumerism, many of us
eat / spend more than we should.
4. Some small shopkeepers lost customers when
the new supermarket / cinema opened.
5. One of the benefits of living here is
being able to enjoy this incredible view /
having no view.
6. Ive got too many gadgets. For instance, I dont
need three MP3 players / frying pans.
7. The company recently improved the
exercise equipment / working conditions in
this sweatshop.
8. We were teasing Sam, but he thought we were
joking / serious.
9. Every day, thousands of commuters /
free newspapers are given out during rush hour
in cities all over Europe.
10. It took a long time to pick out a pair of
earrings for Laura, but I eventually
found the perfect gift for her /
helped her get them out of her ears.
Shopping with
Cyndi
For consumers who want

designer brands at prices they can
1.
afford
, the best
outlets
places to go are 2.
.
3.
Merchandise ends up there for
various reasons. Some items may have small
flaws, such as a missing button; others may
be from a previous season, or left over odd
sizes and colours; others come from small
clothing companies that have failed and
gone out of . To fully appreciate the
4.
business
bargains youre likely to get in an outlet,
5.
shop around and take a look at the
6.
price tags
on things in trendy boutiques.
Then, make your way to the nearest outlet and
7.
stock up on clothing. Youll be
pleasantly surprised at how little the final bill
8.
comes to
.
1. The gadget I couldnt do without is

2. My favourite pastime is

3. The most recent bargain I got was

4. My parents sometimes nag me

5. The last time I did someone a favour

6. When someone pays me a compliment, I feel

7. I once exchanged

correct answers.
8. When I want to treat myself to something, I

splurge on
.
9. One of the benefits of living where I do is

49
Grammar
3. C
omplete the thought bubbles with a logical
continuation.
Possible Answers
1
1. C
had smiled (smile), this would

1. If Dave
have been a better photo of all of us.
2. It would be more pleasant to shop here if the
were
sales assistants
(be) a bit
nicer.
I wish I I
3. If you arrange the furniture differently, the

will look
room
(look) bigger.
had taken the bus
4. Ron cant exchange the DVD unless he

has
(have) the receipt.
5. I wouldnt have been able to afford this coat if
it hadnt been
(not be) on sale.
6. Call me when you
at the station.
arrive
(arrive)
shouldnt/
If only I had
7. You
(not buy) the shoes if
mustnt buy
they arent comfortable.
is
8. Lets call Lesley. If she
at home now, we can pay her a visit.
studied
(be)
9. I would have been angry if I

hadnt received (not receive) a full refund.
10. Mary wont be able to come to the party unless
gives
someone
(give) her a lift.
I wish we
2. C
original meanings. There may be more than
one correct answer.
had arrived earlier
1. Jody hated the film, so she walked out in the

middle.
Jody hadnt hated the film, she

wouldnt have walked out in the middle .
If
2. You cant use the pool without being a hotel

guest.
Unless youre
a hotel guest, you cant use
the pool
3. I think you should buy those sunglasses.

If I
I wish I had
bought petrol
were you, Id buy those sunglasses

.
4. Because I know everyone here, Im not too

nervous about speaking to the group.
If I didnt
know everyone here, Id be

nervous about speaking to the group
.
I wish they would
50
turn it down
Unit 6
4. C
Buy While You Fly

could buy
If you 1.
(buy) Internet
access or train tickets during a flight to New
would
York or London,2.
you
choose
(choose) to do so? Passengers
on some flights are already being offered this kind
of on-board retail service, and as soon as some
minor technological problems with in-flight sales
3.
are solved
(solve), theatre and theme
4. may be offered
park tickets
(may offer)
5.
turns
out
as well. If this
(turn out)
to be a profitable experiment, theres little doubt
that the trend will spread. Passengers interviewed
recently at Londons Heathrow Airport expressed
varying opinions on the subject. Patricia Lowry, who
frequently visits her boyfriend in New York, said,
were
I wish there 6.
(be) Internet
7.
would
access on all flights. I
use
definitely
(use) it, even if I had
to pay a few pounds for it. Robert Jones, a software
would hate (hate) it if
designer, said, I 8.
had
I 9.
(have) to read and respond
to work-related e-mails while flying. However, I
10. wouldnt mind
(not mind) being able to buy
a Travelcard for the Underground on board. Whats
your opinion? Is there something you wish you
11.
had bought / (buy) on your last flight?
could have bought
5. R
ewrite the sentences with the words in
of the sentences.
6 . Correct the errors.
1. She wont buy that T-shirt unless they gave her a

discount.

She wont buy that T-shirt unless they give

her a discount.
2. If it hadnt snowed last night, the roads would

havent been slippery.
If it hadnt snowed last night, the roads

wouldnt have been slippery.
3. We wish we would go to the sale tomorrow.
We wish we could go to the sale tomorrow.

4. As soon as Sam will arrive, well go out
for dinner.
As soon as Sam arrives, well go
dinner.
5. If only we knew the truth yesterday.

If only we had known the truth yesterday.
7. Translate the following sentences.
1. Please let me know as soon as you make

a decision.

Por favor, hzmelo saber / avsame tan

pronto como tomes una decisin.
2. If I were you, I would pay back all my debts.

Si yo estuviera en tu lugar / Yo, en tu

lugar, pagara todas mis deudas.
3. I wish I hadnt forgotten my belongings

at the airport.

Ojal no hubiera olvidado mis

pertenencias en el aeropuerto.
4. We wouldnt have stocked up on olive oil

if there hadnt been a sale.

No habramos comprado tanto aceite de

oliva si no hubiera habido una oferta.
5. If only we could get rid of all these old boxes.

Ojal / Si al menos pudiramos

deshacernos de todas estas cajas viejas.
1. I didnt bring my wallet, so I cant buy this. (if)
Grammar Review
2. Its too bad I dont drive. (wish)
If I had brought my wallet, I could/would have

bought this. / I could/would have bought this if
I had brought my wallet.

I wish I could drive.
3. We arent going to the beach today because its

raining. (if)
If it werent raining, we would go to the

beach. / We would go to the beach if it
werent raining.
4. I hate being so short! (wish)

I wish I werent so short.
5. I regret not studying for the exam. (if only)

If only I had studied for the exam.
6. I wont be able to concentrate if Gwen doesnt

turn down the music. (unless)
Unless Gwen turns down the music, I wont

able to concentrate. / I wont be able to
be
concentrate unless Gwen turns down the music.
out for
1. My brother, who / whom / that none of you

have met, is finally coming to visit!
2. They had worked / had been working /
worked for hours before they finally took a
break.
3. Jessica suggested that we went / going /
to go to the beach.
4. My muscles hurt! I wish I didnt work out /
wouldnt have worked out /
hadnt worked out so much yesterday.
5. I cant understand Jim unless he speaks /
will speak / would speak slowly.
51
reading
WHAT ARE THEY REALLY

SELLING YOU?
1. R
ead the text and decide who or what the
words in bold refer to.
advertising
adverts
2. them (paragraph 2)
using sex appeal for
3. that (paragraph 3) advertising luxury / designer
brands
4. them (paragraph 3) consumers
1. it (paragraph 1)
2. F ind words in the text that mean the

opposite of:
subtly
memorable
2. easy to forget (paragraph 2)
3. in the same way (paragraph 2) conversely
1. in an obvious way (paragraph 1)
3. C
hoose the correct answer according
to the text.
1.

Mobile phones are mentioned because ... .

a. theyre simple to advertise
b. of the way theyre advertised
c. adverts are sent to some of them
d. they all advertise products
2. Humorous advertisements ... .

a. are less effective than adverts with sex
appeal
b. account for approximately one-third of
adverts
c. dont succeed in helping people
remember a product
d. are the third most successful type
4. A
nswer the questions according to
information in the text.
1. Why is sex appeal not always successful

in an advert?
Because it focuses peoples attention

on the models rather than on the
product or brand name.

2. What is the message in some

adverts for luxury brands?
To remind consumers of the

privileged lifestyle that the

brand represents.

3. What is breakfast cereal

an example of?
It is an example of a
product that sometimes uses
nostalgia as an advertising
approach.

There seems to be no escape from advertising.

Were exposed to it through hoardings, on public
transport, in newspapers, magazines, in the
cinema, on television and radio, online, and even
on some mobile phones. Although the aim of
advertising is to sell a product, the message is
rarely as simple as, Buy This! Instead, adverts
are usually designed to subtly influence a
consumer by selling something beyond the
product, such as an attitude, a personality, a
lifestyle or a feeling of belonging.
Think about adverts youve seen recently. Most
likely, many of them involve humour or sex
appeal two popular approaches. Surprisingly,
some advertising professionals say that humour
can be more effective than sex appeal, which is
perhaps why its estimated to have a role in nearly
a third of adverts. Apparently, humour quickly
captures our attention and makes the product
memorable. Conversely, adverts that rely on sex
appeal with, for instance, provocative photos of
good-looking men or women often focus
peoples attention on the models rather than on the
product or brand name.
However, for luxury or designer brands, that is not
necessarily a disadvantage. In adverts for high-end
products like expensive cars and clothing, sex
appeal is often paired with snob appeal. These
types of adverts treat the brand as already so
well-known, respected and desired, that its
unnecessary to try to sell it to the targeted
consumers. All thats necessary is to remind them
of the privileged lifestyle that the brand
represents.
Among the other advertising approaches used
are celebrity spokespeople (George Clooney
selling coffee machines), self-improvement (a
favourite in cosmetics adverts), nostalgia (often
used for everyday, unexciting products, such as
breakfast cereals), and crowd appeal (often used
to sell gadgets, by implying that everyone is
buying and talking about them).
The next time an advertisement touches your
emotions, makes you feel envious, or tempts you
to buy a product, stop for a moment and analyse
why!
52
Unit 6
writing
Your Task
Read the text and summary below. Underline the two

unnecessary sentences in the summary.
writing a Summary
Summarise the text on page 52. Write 50-70

words.
Faces, Faces, Everywhere

Since 1916, Planters Peanuts, a popular
American product, has featured a character
called Mr Peanut on its product labels and
in adverts. For more than a century,
advertisements for Tio Pepe have featured
a bottle of the product wearing clothes,
and those for Michelin, the French tyre, map
and guidebook company, have used the
Michelin Man who looks as if hes made of tyres.
What these, and countless other examples, have in
common is that they all present a product with distinctly
human characteristics. And that, according to some recent
studies, may be part of the reason for their success.
One study by researchers from the University of
Toronto and the University of Chicago found that people
respond most positively to packaging or products which
look human. The tendency to see a face in an object
is particularly pronounced when it comes to cars. In
a recent study, nearly one-third of the participants
perceived the fronts of cars as faces, and even saw them
as having happy, serious or aggressive expressions.
As for why we see human forms and faces in objects and
give them human traits, some researchers think the reason
is that this evolved as an important survival skill during
human development. This caused the brain to eventually
become biologically programmed to see faces everywhere.
Summary:
Both the Michelin Man and a Tio Pepe bottle, dressed
like a person, have been used in the companies adverts
for over 100 years. Recent research has shown
that people react most favourably to products
that resemble a person. The study on how people
perceived cars was done by researchers from two
universities. The tendency to see faces in objects
may have developed biologically because being
able to recognise and understand facial
expressions was crucial for survival as man
developed.
1. R
ead the original text carefully and decide
which facts to include. Choose only the
main ideas, leaving out less important
details, as well as examples.
2. W
rite this information in one paragraph.
Paraphrase rather than copy the
information. Shorten sentences or combine
them in order to be more concise.
3. Y
our first attempt will probably be too long.
Look it over carefully in order to find:

a. points you can delete while still

preserving the main idea.
b. places where you can make your

language more concise.
4. A
reader of your summary should be able
to get the main idea of what the article is
about. See whether this is true about your
summary. If not, have you included enough
information? You may have to omit a minor
point and add a more important point.
5. M
ake sure the sentences in your paragraph
follow each other smoothly and make a
logical whole.
Checklist
I followed the steps for a summary.

I included only the main ideas.
I paraphrased rather than copied.
My summary forms a logical whole.
I simplified my sentences where possible.
punctuation.

53

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. C
omplete the blog with the words and
phrases below.
3. C
consumerism pastime overpriced

make an effort afford doing their best
brands pay their bills
dont have
1. If I
for the film tonight,
lend
(not have) enough cash

will
you
(lend) me some?
Which country do you think has the most

fashion-conscious teens: the United States, Canada,
Australia, Brazil or Britain? According to a recent
survey, the answer is Britain, where teens favourite
1.
pastime seems to be shopping for clothes. In
response to the surveys question of what they would
continue to buy even if they couldnt 2. afford
it, British teens, more than teens in other countries,
chose new clothes. And they are 3. doing their to
best
prove that they mean it. Estimates are that British teens
spent over 130 million a week during the summer of
2009 and a good portion of that was on clothing and
fashion accessories. Furthermore, other reports have
shown that 4. brands are important to British
teens, as is being the first to buy the latest styles, even
if these fashion items are 5. overpriced . Some teens
6. pay their
with earnings from part-time jobs, but
bills
in most cases, parents end up paying as well. Perhaps
thats why our kids never 7. make an to spend
effort
less! I think its time that we stopped supporting our
childrens dedication to 8.consumerism
!
lived
2. I wish I
(live) in a big city.
Living in the country is boring.
1. The groceries were expensive this week. They

snapped up / came to / carried 85!
2. Some people stock up on / splurge on /
exchange bottled water for an emergency.
3. Suzannes bought a lot of sports debts / gear /
belongings over the years.
4. Everything in the shop was on sale /
out of bounds / going out of business,
so I spent less than I thought I would.
5. My brother is sometimes nagged / picked out /
teased because hes not good at football.
6. Some theatres give out / shop around /
get rid of coupons for cheap seats.
will be
(be) tired when she
arrives
(arrive) tomorrow morning.
hadnt sold (not sell) my
4. I wish I
3. Jenny
motorcycle for so little money. If only I

had waited (wait) for a better offer!
4. R
ewrite the sentences with the words in
of the sentences. There may be more than one
correct answer.
1. Its a pity you cant come to the bonfire! (if only)

If only you could come to the bonfire!
2. Its too bad I didnt take more photos of the

street markets. (I wish)

I wish I had taken more photos of the

street markets.
3. You wont be able to live within your budget if

you dont become more price conscious. (unless)
You
wont be able to live within your budget

unless you become more price conscious.
4. I didnt meet my friends last night because I was

too tired to go out. (if)
If I hadnt been too tired to go out,

I would have met my friends last night.
Writing
5. P
araphrase the sentence below. Use the
words provided, and make any necessary
changes.
Shopaholism, a growing problem around the world,

affects mainly women, approximately ten per cent
of whom are currently estimated to suffer from the
condition.
shopaholism on the rise affecting
approximately ten per cent of women globally
Shopaholism is on the rise, affecting

approximately ten per cent of women
globally.
54
Unit 6

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. C
the verbs below. Some verbs are used more
than once.
3. C
omplete the passage with the correct form of
catch make pay do forward

charge take go
Hi Anne,
I remembered to 1. charge my laptop, so I could
take it with me to Rosies Caf, where Im sitting now.
make an effort to start
Im finally going to 2.
writing my book report. I guess Im 3. paying the
price for putting it off for so long.
Youre so lucky to be in New York! It was so nice of
take
your mum to 4.
you by surprise and offer
5.
go
you the chance to
abroad with her on
her business trip.
Are you 6. taking a million photos? And have
you 7. caught sight of any good-looking guys?
do
Ill 8.
my best to get by without you for
the next four days. LOL. Have fun!
Susie
PS Im 9. forwarding an attachment that I think will
make you laugh!
2. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable word
or phrase below.
make mistakes outrageous deafening

engaged set off approach whisper
out of bounds mouth-watering fence
stare turn out available carry tasty
nothing to do with start over fiance
fence around this area because

of to the public.
bounds
2. So far, Jeff and his fiance havent told
anyone that theyre engaged .
1. Theres a
out
its
3. The bands rehearsal was terrible tonight.

The singer kept making , so we had to
mistakes
constantly start over .
carry
4. Most bookshops dont
available
but theyre
online.
her novels,
mouth- aroma, but it

5. The soup had a watering
tasty .
wasnt very
buys
Imagine one day a year where nobody 1.
(buy) anything. Well, thats the aim of Buy Nothing Day,
which 2. was created(create) in 1991 by the artist
Ted Dave. Dave 3. thought (think) of the idea
when he 4. realised (realise) the amount of money
he 5. had spent (spend) that year on stuff like cups
of coffee and desserts. That 6. started (start)
him thinking about consumerism, and he eventually
7. promoted
(promote) the idea of Buy Nothing Day.
Since it was first launched, Buy Nothing Day
has become (become) a global holiday, with
participants and a wide range of activities in numerous
countries. If you want to participate in the next Buy
Nothing Day, you 9. can/should (look it up) online to
look it up
is
get details of how it 10.
(celebrate) in your
celebrated
area.
8.
4. C
1. If I dont have to work late, Ill meet you at six.
have
to work late, Ill meet you
Unless I
at six
.

2. Ive been hoping you would call tonight!
had been hoping that

I would call him that night
.

James told me that he
3. Theres Lady Gaga! Ive been waiting to see her.
who
Ive been waiting
Theres Lady Gaga,
to see
.
Writing
5. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable word
or phrase.
1. My favourite types of books

fiction and fantasy novels.
are
2. Im buying two pairs of shoes

theyre on sale!
because
3. Neither Gwen nor her sister

Theyre both vegetarians.
eats
science
meat.
55

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Grammar Review

Present Simple and Present

1. Im angry with William. I am not talking /

Past Simple and Past Continuous

1. your brother / watch TV / when / you / get home / ?

2. Listen! My sister is singing / sings in the shower.

Was your brother watching TV when

3. This cheese tastes / is tasting strange.

2. you / finish / the / English homework / yesterday / ?

4. Are you thinking / Do you think Ann is pretty?

5. Laura is walking / walks to school every day.

Did you finish the English homework

2. Complete the sentences with the correct

2. Please dont disturb me. I

(set) in the west.

4. last year / Susie / work / in a shop / while / study / .

dont know (not know) the answer.

Last year, Susie was working in a shop

(have) a picnic next

I didnt eat sushi when I was in Japan

3. Complete the school newsletter page with

Youre lucky that you missed the 80s tribute bands

Present Perfect Simple and

Present Perfect Simple and

6. Rewrite the sentences using the words in

8. Complete the sentences with a time expression

1. Sherry doesnt know how to ride a bicycle. (never)

1. A: Londons one of my favourite cities. What do

Sherry has never ridden a bicycle (before).

2. I didnt know Dan until three years ago. (for)

I have known Dan for three years.

3. Jane finished her work. Then she went to the

I had never met Robs new girlfriend

5. I didnt see Anne at the school picnic. She left

B: I dont know. Ive

2. A: Do you want to borrow this book?

B: No, thanks. Ive

already read it twice.

3. A: Are you having a driving lesson later today?

4. I met Robs new girlfriend for the first time last

in 2004 already yesterday just

By the time I arrived at the school picnic,

7. Complete the passage with the correct form of

During the past decade, the increasing presence of

4. A: Have you already been to the library?

B: No. I met Jane for breakfast, and

5. A: How long have you had your dog?

B: We got him

in 2004 , when he was a

6. A: Is Lisa coming to visit this weekend?

B: Im not sure. She hasnt decided

7. A: Someone delivered this parcel for you a few

9. Complete the passage with the correct form of

heard (hear) of the Klingon

1980s. The complex language was an immediate hit with

Future Simple, be going to and

A: 1. Are / Are / Will you

A: Do you know what Bill 3.

B: No. I 2. am studying / (study) for my history

A: Who 5. is going to bring (bring) food to the

B: Good. Do you think we

(bring) fizzy drinks.

A: I dont think so.

1. Those are beautiful earrings.

1. Im angry with William. I am not talking /

1. your brother / watch TV / when / you / get home / ?

2. you / finish / the / English homework / yesterday / ?

2. Complete the sentences with the correct

2. Please dont disturb me. I

4. last year / Susie / work / in a shop / while / study / .

3. Complete the school newsletter page with

6. Rewrite the sentences using the words in

8. Complete the sentences with a time expression

1. Sherry doesnt know how to ride a bicycle. (never)

1. A: Londons one of my favourite cities. What do

3. Jane finished her work. Then she went to the

5. I didnt see Anne at the school picnic. She left

4. I met Robs new girlfriend for the first time last

7. Complete the passage with the correct form of

B: No. I met Jane for breakfast, and

B: We got him

7. A: Someone delivered this parcel for you a few

9. Complete the passage with the correct form of

A: 1. Are / Are / Will you

A: Do you know what Bill 3.

B: No. I 2. am studying / (study) for my history

A: Who 5. is going to bring (bring) food to the

B: Good. Do you think we

1. Those are beautiful earrings.

1. By this time tomorrow night, John

4. By the end of the week, he

3. A: What time do you want to meet tomorrow

2. I cant wait to move to New York!

B: Yes. I am going to go / (go) to a

B: Yes, and in a moment, we

6. A: Im looking forward to seeing Laura tonight.

B: Oh, I forgot to tell you. She

omplete the passage with the correct form

1 4. Complete the sentences with a suitable word

6. Did you cry

7. Janis was talking on the phone

6. He finished the report on Thursday night and

9. I dont care about the latest fashion

5. T hat politician is notorious for

1. T here was a lot of

2. J ake is part of the film

3. T he actor Christian Bale got some bad

7. often print lies and rumours about

F 5. A passer-by is someone who sells things at

5. Complete the sentences with a suitable

3. After I walked up the hill, I had to stop to

6. I never expected to win the contest. It really