Chapter 9

Nomenclature

Chemical Formulas
Chemical formulas show the kinds of atoms and number of
atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance.

Chemical Formulas
Molecular formula:
The number and kinds of atoms in a moleculecular
compound
Tells us about composition, but not structure
Formula unit:
The lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound

Law of Multiple Proportions

1800s: Dalton studied similar pairs of compounds (ex:
water and hydrogen peroxide)
Law of Multiple Proportions:
When 2 elements form more than one compound, the
different masses of one element that combine with the
same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small
whole numbers

Example 1
The ratio of oxygen:hydrogen in water is 16:2
The ratio of oxygen:hydrogen in hydrogen peroxide is 32:2
For 1.0 grams of hydrogen, the ratio of the masses of
oxygen is a simple whole number ratio:

Example 2
Lead forms two compounds with oxygen. One contains 2.98
g lead and 0.461 g oxygen. The other contains 9.89 g lead
and 0.763 g oxygen. What is the lowest whole number mass
ratio of lead that combines with the given masses of
oxygen?

Lesson 1
Naming Ionic Compounds

The Stock System & Suffixes

A roman numeral, in parentheses, is used after the
name of a Group B metal to indicate the charge.
Example:
o Fe2+ can be expressed as iron (II) ion

The Stock System & Suffixes

Suffixes can also be used for Group B metals
o -ous is used for the lower of the two ionic charges
o -ic is used for the higher of the two ionic charges
Example:
o What would Fe 2+ and Fe3+ be called?

Polyatomic Ions
Tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a single
unit and carry charge

Polyatomic Ions
Names end in -ite or -ate
o -ite signifies lower count of oxygen atoms than -ate
The charge on ion pairs is the same
o Sulfate and sulfite both have a 2- charge
If the formula begins with hydrogen, then it is a
hydrogen ion paired with another polyatomic ion

Common, Systematic Names

Early discoverers named compounds based on physical and
chemical properties or the source of the compound.
Potash:
Laughing Gas:
Water:

Binary Ionic Compounds

Contain a cation and an anion

Binary Ionic Compounds

Naming cations:
Metal name + ion
Naming anions:
Non-metal name with suffix -ide + ion
Naming binary ionic compounds:
Metal name + anion name

Example 3
Name the following compounds:
a) Potassium & chlorine ions:
b) Calcium & bromine ions:
c) Iron (III) & oxygen ions:

Example 4
Electrically neutral, balance charges using the criss-cross
method
a) Iron (III) & oxygen ions:
b) Potassium & chlorine ions:
c) Calcium & sulfur ions:

Example 5
Name and balance:
a) Potassium & nitrogen ions:
b) Lithium & sulfur ions:
c) Tin (IV) & oxygen ions:

Example 6
Work backwards (reverse criss cross) to name the following
binary ionic compounds that contain Group B transition
metals:
a) AlF3
b) FeO
c) Cu2S
d) CaSe

Ternary Ionic Compounds

Contain 1 or more polyatomic ions
Use parentheses if more than 1 polyatomic ion is needed
to balance the formula unit

Ternary Ionic Compounds

Naming ternary ionic compounds:
Metal name + polyatomic ion name

Example 7
Name the following:
a) NaC2H3O2:
b) LiCN:
c) Cu2HPO4:

Example 8
Write balanced formulas for the following:
a) Calcium nitrate:
b) Aluminum Hydrogen Carbonate:

Example 8 (cont.)
c) Barium Sulfate:
d) Lead (IV) Chromate:
e) Sodium Hypochlorite:

Lesson 2
Naming Molecular Compounds

Binary Molecular Compounds

Composed of 2 non-metals

Binary Molecular Compounds

Naming binary molecular compounds:
(Prefix + element name) + (prefix + element root + ide)
Prefixes:
1 - mono
6 - hexa
2 - di
7 - hepta
3 - tri
8 - octa
4 - tetra
9 - nona
5 - penta
10 - deca

Example 9
Name the following:
a) CBr4:
b) Cl2O7:
c) N2O5:
d) BCl3:
e) CrCl3:

Example 10
Write molecular formulas for the following:
a) Carbon disulfide:
b) Dinitrogen tetrahydride:
c) Carbon tetrachloride:
d) Diphosphorus trioxide:

Lesson 3
Naming Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Acids:
Compounds that give off hydrogen
ions when dissolved in water
pH<7
Bases:
Compounds that give off hydroxide
ions or accept hydrogen ions
pH>7

Naming Acids & Bases

General formula of acids:
HX where X is an anion or polyatomic ion

Naming Acids & Bases

1) When anion ends in -ide, acid name begins with the
prefix hydro2) When polyatomic ion ends in -ite, acid name begins with
root and ends with -ous
3) When polyatomic ion ends in -ate, acid name begins
with root and ends with -ic

Example 11
Write the names of the following:
a) HF:
b) HC2H3O2:
c) H2SO4:
d) HNO2:

Example 12
Write formulas for the following:
a) Chloric acid:
b) Hydrobromic acid:
c) Chromic acid:

Example 12 (cont.)
d) Hydroiodic acid:
e) Chlorous acid:
f) Perchloric acid:

Naming Acids & Bases

Review

Review
Identify the following as ionic, molecular, acidic, or basic.
Then write a balanced formula.
1) Potassium permanganate:
2) Lead (II) Chromate:
3) Magnesium Phosphide:

Review
4) Ammonium Sulfate:
5) Nitrous Acid:
6) Strontium Bromide:

Review
7) Tin (II) Hydroxide:
8) Iron (III) Oxalate:
9) Disulfur Trioxide:

Review
10) Magnesium nitrate:
11) Aluminum Hydrogen Carbonate:
12) Sodium Phosphate:

Review
Identify the following as ionic, molecular, acidic, or basic
then write the correct name.
1) CaCO3:
2) CaHPO4:
3) ICl:

Review
4) BaF2:
5) I4O9:
6) H2S:

Review
7) SnCr2O7:
8) KClO4: