Telecommunications

Concepts

1
 Contents
 The traditional Telephone Network
 Overall structure
 Trunk lines
 Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
 Synchronous Data Hierarchy
 Exchanges and signaling
 General purpose SDH networks

2
 Contents
 The traditional Telephone Network
 Overall structure
 Trunk lines
 Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
 Synchronous Data Hierarchy
 Exchanges and signaling
 General purpose SDH networks

3
 The Telephone
Network
Analog / Digital

SW

SW
SW
SW

SW
SW

PABX
PABX
SW

4
The Telephone Network
Some details : Analog telephones on
analog switch

Analog
switch

twisted pair, average length 2.5 Km Line

Signaling (DTMF or pulse) circuit
and voice multiplexed
5
The Telephone Network
Some details : Analog telephone on
digital switch

Digital
switch

Digital
Analog
twisted pair, average length 2.5 Km Line
Signaling (DTMF or pulse) circuit
and voice multiplexed
6
 The Telephone
Network
Some details : ISDN Basic
Access

Digital
switch

S bus
144Kb/s twisted pair, average length 2.5 Km 144Kb/s
modem modem
2 * 64 Kb/s + 16 Kb/s

7
 Conten
ts
 The traditional Telephone Network
 Overall structure
 Trunk lines
 Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
 Synchronous Data Hierarchy
 Exchanges and signaling
 General purpose SDH networks

8
 Time Domain
Multiplexing
Synchronous
multiplexing

1 0 0 1

0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

9
 The Telephone
Network
Trunk Network (CEPT30)

Digital Digital
switch switch

n*30*64 Kb/s

n*2048 Kb/s

Optical Fiber or Microwave Link

10
 The Telephone
Network
Trunk Network (Bell D2)

Digital Digital
switch switch

n*23*64 Kb/s

n* 1544 Kb/s

Optical Fiber or Microwave Link

11
 The Telephone
Network
Some details : ISDN Primary Rate

Digital
switch

Optical Fiber or Microwave Link

PABX
2048 Kb/s (CEPT30)

12
 The Telephone
Network
Trunk Network

Analog
switch

Analog
n*2048 Kb/s Digital

Optical Fiber or Microwave Link

n*30*64 Kb/s
13
 The Telephone
Network
Trunk Network

Digital Digital
switch switch

Optical Fiber or Microwave Link

14
 Conten
ts
 The traditional Telephone Network
 Overall structure
 Trunk lines
 Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
 Synchronous Data Hierarchy
 Exchanges and signaling
 General purpose SDH networks

15
 Synchronous
Multiplexing
of almost synchronous data
flows

F E D C B A 1 Frame

TFSE D10RCQBPA
S C
T S R Q P
fout > n * MAX(fin)

16
 Plesiochronous Digital
Hierarchy
Each multiplexed section has its own clock
 Each level of multiplexing has its own clock
 Frame structure from multiplexed signals is not
explicitly present in the multiplexed stream
> Full demultiplexing required at each node !

17
 Conten
ts
 The traditional Telephone Network
 Overall structure
 Trunk lines
 Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
 Synchronous Data Hierarchy
 Exchanges and signaling
 General purpose SDH networks

18
Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy
– The entire trunk network has one clock
– Multiplexed stream based on 125 S frames
– Different channels can each have their own
asynchronous clock.
– Add-drop multiplexers

STM-1 STM-1

Up to 63 channels at 2 Mb/s
19
 Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy
SDHrate
Data - SONET
CCITT USA-Elec. USA-Opt.
51.84 STS-1 OC-1
155.52 STM-1 STS-3 OC-3
466.56 STM-3 STS-9 OC-9
622.08 STM-4 STS-12 OC-12
933.12 STM-6 STS-18 OC-18
1244.16 STM-8 STS-24 OC-24
1866.24 STM-12 STS-36 OC-36
2488.32 STM-16 STS-48 OC-48
... ... ... ...
20
 SDH
Rings

34 Mb/s 2 Mb/s

21
SDH
Rings

22
SDH
Rings

23
 SDH Rings
The Worldcom Belgian
Network

050 WCOM POP 03 014

059

058 011
051
09 052 015 013 089
WCOM POP
053
WCOM POP
016 WCOM POP
057 055 WCOM POP
056 054 02 012
010
068 019 WCOM POP
069 087
067
04
WCOM POP WCOM POP
081 085
064
065 WCOM POP
086
071 083 080

082
084

060

061
WCOM POP
LUXEMBOURG

063

24
SDH
Rings

CUT !

25
 Conten
ts
 The traditional Telephone Network
 Overall structure
 Trunk lines
 Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
 Synchronous Data Hierarchy
 Exchanges and signaling
 General purpose SDH networks

26
 Telephone
Exchange trunk lines +
(Conceptual Model) Inter-office
signaling
Line Circuit
Register
Line Circuit
Register
Line Circuit Switching
Matrix Register
Line Circuit
Register
Line Circuit

Control Computer
27
 Signaling system
generations
 SS1 - SS5 : Analog call forwarding between
exchanges
 SS6 : First digital signaling system
 monolithic communications system (no layers)
 Full mesh of virtual circuits, based on 2400 b/s links
 SS7 : Signaling system for the intelligent network
 uses any digital link, satellites included
 layered, OSI inspired, network architecture
 supports "intelligent network" applications
 Non-geographic numbers (800)
 CLIP, Call forwarding, Conference calls, etc...
 Number portability, Carrier selection
 Mobility & roaming
 IP ???
28
 The Telephone
Network
Non-geographic Numbering 4776970

6234567 477
database
0800

62X
538

673
6736476
643
629
64X

6433180
6292905 0800 12345 29
The Telephone
Network
Number portability
Ported
numbers

30
The Telephone
Network
Carrier selection
• through prefix
• through preselection

31
 Conten
ts
 The traditional Telephone Network
 Overall structure
 Trunk lines
 Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
 Synchronous Data Hierarchy
 Exchanges and signaling
 General purpose SDH networks

32
General Purpose SDH
Networks

PABX
PABX

33
Bibliography
To know More about
Telephony
John BELLAMY
Digital Telephony
Third edition
John Wiley, 2000.
ISBN : 0-471-34571-7

Recommended for this chapter

34
Bibliography
To know More
about SDH
Mike SEXTON, Andy REID
Transmission Networking:
SONET and the Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy
Artech House, 1992.
ISBN : 0-89006-551-9

Recommended for this chapter

35