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THOUGHTS OF A SHAKTA YOGISHANANDA NATHA (Sri Nilakantha. Mahadeva Joshi) M. P. PANDIT GANESH & COMPANY MADRAS- 600017 YOGISHANANDA NATHA: (Sti Nilakantha Mahadeva Joshi) INTRODUCTION In an interesting passage in the Kirandgama- yakhyé, Aghora Sivacharya records: “TI shall declare the supreme tradition of Gurus in the Saiva Sastra. For some reason, an adept in the Mantras came down from the Kailasa. A disciple of Nandikeshvara, devoted to his lotus feet, he instructed the Geds, in all their number, in the Knowledge of Siva. Knowing the special truths of all the Principles, learned in their manifesta- tion, ever concentrated on the Mantras of both the Saiva and the Sakta wings, indifferent to and turned away from the eight siddhis, anima etc., causing happy wonder to all by his art of entering other bodies and the like, this person- age celebrated by the divine Rishis, came to the’ South and instructed the Yogins thereof in the Knowledge of Siva. Three were his disciples who had crossed the Ocean of the Knowledge of Siva. They were: Ugrajyoti, Sadyojyoti and that Nilakantha,* the inaugurator of the Saiva Sastra. Of Guru Ugrajyoti there were five great *Author of a number of Vedantic treatises e.g., Srikantha Bhagya etc. . : vie A em disciples, from Gauda, Saurashtra, Kashmira, Maharashtra etc.’ It was this Maharashtra that the King of Kandy, Parakrama Bahu (11th century A. D.) thought of when he sought to arrange for authenti- cated worship at the Sri Ramanatha Temple in Rameshwaram after he had completed the construction of the garbhagrha, sanctum-sanctorum, of the holy place. He arranged to get 512 families of Brahmins from Maharashtra for offering Pija and spreading their tradition in this part of the country. These families were devoted to Siva Pasupati and were known as Pasupata Saivas.* Among these emigrants’ was born one Lokanatha Muni, a man of uncommon attainments.f *There is a pointed reference to these Pafupata Savas in the famous work on astrology by Jagaraja Sekhara, Jagaraja Sekhara Malé. THe is referred to by name in the Tevaiyula Palapattare by Chokkanatha Pillai of the court of Muthu Vijaya Raghu- natha Setupati (who came some three or four hundred years after Parakrama Bahu and who, incidentally, is said to have built the famous third corridor in the temple and started the ratha-utsava). The said work has been edited by Dr. U. V. Swaminatha Iyer and is available. ox 5 be Many Agamas came to be written down among these followers of the Saiva tradition. But they were distinct from the other sects of the Saiva Path in one important respect. They worshipped the Sakti as enjoined in the Makutottara Agama and Chandrajaina Agama, side by side with their worship of Siva as instructed in the Cintya and Kérana Agamas. Some worshipped the Sri Cakra, some worshipped Siva and some adored both. This is how the worship of Sri Cakra came into vogue in Rameshwaram. This community of the Saiva-Sakta worship- pers and updésakas held its own for a long period. Latterly, however, due to deterioration in their social and economic conditions, their cultural and religious supremacy was affected adversely. So much so, that when in 1872, the Jagadguru Sankaracharya of Sringéri, Narasimha Bharati, visited the temple city, these descendants of the once-towering elite gave a very poor account of themselves, a development which led ultimately to the intrusion of outside influences in the affairs of their organisation. Reference has been made to Lokandtha Muni, one of the leaders of this community in the earlier = 6 = times. Son of Amritananda Natha of the Sakta tradition, he was known as Satyananda Natha and was the progenitor of an illustrious line of scholars and upasakas who established the trikiitdlaya- ndtha-paddhati, for worship in the ” Ramanatha temple. * This family has been hereditarily in charge of the temple of Sri Rama at Gandhamadana, about a mile away from the temple at Rameshwaram. Sri Mahadeva Joshi, grandson. of Likanadtha Muni, established a Sri Cakra in gold in this temple, below the padukas. which are worshipped daily. Traditional pija of Sri Cakra is performed. His descendant Maha- deva Joshi came early under the influence of and in contact with a remarkable saint of the Dattatreya cult, Sri Narasimha Saraswati of Gangapir, and a number of happenings of a supernatural character are recorded in this connection. He passed away in 1942 at the age of seventy-five, leaving four sons of whom *He himself was the main worshipper at the temple and wrote a number of important works; akhila bhiimandala prakhydta lokandtha munivarah, runs a, colophon. — F — SiNilakantha Joshi is the most well-known for his, versatile accomplishménts in the:field of Agamas, Astrology and. more particularly the, Vidya. of Sr? Calera. Sri Nilakentha, Mahadeva Joshi, was.’born at Rameshwaram in 1908 He was initiated in. the. temple worship and allied matters by his, father according to- the Selva’ samprediya, Nilakantha was a self-willed boy’ from. his very infancy and meyer underwent formal school edw- cation, His amazing scholarship and learning is entirely a result of this own. effort and study. One day his Guru placed a copy of the Vamatiteara Tantra in his. hands and. asked him to read it over and over again. This is the one book which he accordingly read, studied and pored over repeatedly atid he avers to this day that his know- ledge of the subject, his tnastery over the Sanskrit language, are all-derived from this. sacred, work. But we anticipate. Young Nilakantha was. ti search of a Guru from whom we could receive diksa into the Satta sampradiya. He had studied a large number of Tantra, texts but wax not satisfied. It was only when. he was 19 that a renowned Guru, mts, Ambananda Natha, came that way with a hundred disciples. Ambananda Natha was the ninth in succession in the line of Bhaskara Raya Makhi and it was he who, in one of his subsequent visits, initiated Nilakantha in Sri Vidya, empowered him to be an Acarya* and authorised him to conduct Agamic rituals, instructed as he was in a dream to do so. While giving him . the initiation, the Guru charged him not to pray for material prosperity, not even to ask for spiritual siddhi, but to seek only Love from the Divine Mother, Lalita Tripurambika. The name given to him in this line of tradition is Yogishananda Natha. Popularly known as Bhau Joshi in his circle, Sri Nilakantha Joshi has always been a respected figure in this region and looked up to for guidance whenever there has arisen any point of controversy in matters of Agamic importance. He was invited to direct and he conducted the great Kumbha Abhisékam :at the Rameshwaram temple in 1947. He was prevailed *Gcdrya-abhiseka, ‘tagamokta nitya-naimittika-kamya karma adhikara. .. eo 19 <= upon by the trustees of the temple to join as the Sarva Sadhakacarya and help to conduct qualifying courses for priests and certify to their competency. He held that position till a few years ago: when he resigned from it in view of more pressing preoccupations. Though he first visited our Ashram in the month of March 1959, and he has been visiting us regularly as an honoured guest since then, it was only last year, in May 1962, that I was privileged to come into contact with him. Panditji—as he is affectionately known in the Ashram -—was a revelation to me in many respects. He made the Tradition of the Tantra living to me. He awakened my interest in many aspects of life in this, sphere and helped me, directly and otherwise, to enter into their spirit. I have had the good fortune of being present in some of the informal gatherings at his residence during his brief visits here and have noted down some of his remarks and answers to queries in these sessions. The following pages contain a small selection from these notings. The choice has been made so as to be within the understanding of the average aaa AY) te mind inferested in the higher values of life: and the contents are arranged, as far as possible, : subject-wise. There is, indeed a good deal of high philosophy and’ profound updsand in what - he speaks. or writes. But that has been deli- berately kept out. of this collection. Sri Aurobindo Ashram. 31-12 - 1968 2 ERRORS PANIETE GONTENTS Tantra Sastra The Lord Sakti Creation Avatar Mudras Dharma Jiva Jfiana Guru Devata Mantra Japa Upasana Anusthana Cikitsa The, Mother Autobiographical General Page 13 14 14 19 19 19 20. 21 23 24 27 28 30 32 34 36 38 39 40 TANTRA SASTRA Sastra is of two kinds. There is the Sastra based on experience, anubhiiti Sastra; of this kind are the ancient scriptures, Veda, Agama etc. Then there is the dialectical Sastra, Sastra Sastra, expositions of Systems. @ Generally speaking the Vaidik Dharma lays stress on the purification and preparing of the body, sariva samskira, while the Tantrika looks to the purification of the inner being, Gtma-saniskara. @ The term tantra has been defined in various ways. One significant derivation is: what saves or protects the eternally pure, intelligent, principle of the Paramatman in oneself, mitya- Suddha-buddha-paramitma-taitvam svasmin irdyate ii taniram. caste > J tats THE LORD He is stainless, eternal, omnipotent, the Lord. It is a part of Himself that He lets loose in the form of sparks, sphulinga. He is thus the source of the multitude of beings. The sparks are His, eternal, not different yet separate. This spread, prasara, of the Self atomwise (apumaya) is Sphara, the mighty Throb. ® Life is governed by the course of creation, srsti-kryam and dissolution, samhdrakrtyam. But that is not all. There is a third Factor which opens the way to liberation; otherwise there would be merely birth and death. This third is the dwelling of Him here and there in His supreme Compassion. It is His Grace that tends and leads upwards. SAKTI What, after all, is Sakti? The spread, agency, the kala of cach thing is its Sakti. What is covered by this Sakti is the principle of Parabrahman, called Siva. @ =— 3 = ’ Gaudapada speaks of Cit as a free. ‘Cause of the manifestation of the universe, citih svalgnira vifoasiddhi-hetuh. ; ® One is the Sakti of the Supreme Lord. Fourfold it divides itself in function’: Bhavani for enjoyment, Visnu as the Purusa, Kaji in anger and Durgé in battle.* ®@ How many: kinds of Sakti are there ? They are three. First there is the Fanma- siddha-fakti, the Sakti with which one is born and which continues to the end of the life. This Divine Sakti manifesting with the very birth of the individual, is very rare. The second is the madhyamaki Sakti: the Sakti that manifests and takes root when the mind is developed and its faculties or the faculties . of the heart get ripe. It springs to birth in what is called the bodhi-avastha. *Ekaiva Saktih, paraméfvaragya bhinnd caturdhd viniyoga kale; bhige bhavani puruse tu Vignuh kope ca kali samare ca durga. ee ee The third is the ksanika Sakti, the Sakti that is active in moments when one is engaged in favourable activities like pija; dhydnd, japa, holy company etc., when things are propitious for the breath of the Higher Power. Usually this Sakti stays as long as one lives in that atmosphere and withdraws when one comes out of it. Every one has its touch but he is not attentive to it. If he pays attention and culti- vates it, then the ksanika Sakti develops into madhyamaki and may even manifest as the Jjanmasiddha Sakti in the next birth. ® Everything in the world is constituted of three modes: padartha, the thing itself; guna, its quality; frabhdva its characteristic force. Guna and prabhéva attach themselves to. the basic padartha; but they do not necessarily disappear with the passing away of the padaértha. Each of these three has its own niyati; order, kala. The fragrance, force of fragrance, of the flower continues_even after the flower is removed from a place, Even when candalwood is burnt and oil prepared from it, Pe apa cee its essential guna, property of cooling, and prabhéva, force of fragrance, continue. ® Everything, every movement, has a centre, a kéndra, a regulation, niyati, a truth to fulfil, §asana. Without a centre in the first place, it cannot function. Hence to. enable the Divine Sakti to work in us there must first be formed a living centre in us around which it can organise itself and function. These are the several centres lying latent in us and which await to be awakened and set active. ® None is free. Everyone is subject to some “thing, some force or other. One after the other they come and entangle him and he runs hither and thither led by the forces. It is only-as the Great Force which is active universally becomes patent in his life and he is claimed by it that these various forces lose their hold and man rises free from them. ‘ This is the Great Force that. is called Kundalini in the human body. Centred round et GG es the basal point called Bindu, it moves, round and round, up and below, in all directions and manifests in a thousand ways, in: activities, in thoughts and in many other forms. @ The original base of the Kundalini is called svasthandvasthini bhimika; the next higher stage where she stations herself is the unnayana bhimika; next is pardvartana bhimika; and then comes the visrantt or samarasa bhimika, ®@ The pupil of the eye, kaninikd, is the outer- most organ. There conceive Kali, Dhima, Chhinna. Next inwards is the Jyotirmandala, the region of light. There conceive Tara, Tripura Bhairavi, Bagala. Innermost is the Drstimandala, region of sight. There conceive Bhuvana, Kamala and Matangi. Presiding over all is Sri Lalita. — 19 — CREATION They speak of different types of Creation in succession: creation by mind, idea, ménast; creation by sight, ca@ksusi; creation by word, vaciki*; creation by touch, spars; creation by duality of sex, matihuna. AVATAR The avatéra is of different kinds; ksanika, temporary, ama, of part or portion only, pirnabodha, fully conscious. MUDRAS Mudras are of several kinds. For instance what is known as the lelihana mudra which signifies the harmony between the Lord. and the Sakti, Sivasakti-Samarasya; _ kala-sankarsini mudra, transcending Time and what is in Time; cinnabhascart mudra, of free movement in. the sky of pure Consciousness; vyomeswari mudrd, *As by the Seers of old; their power of Vak, mantra-virya, was selfeffective .Artha, meaning, follows their sdcam, speech, — 20 — where freed of attachments, one goes up in the higher air in the subtle body; khecart mudrd where one can walk in the air. There is also krodhint mudra, where there is a determined anger and control over all by will; karankini mudra, where the attachment to the five Bhitas or senses is snapped. DHARMA There are different Ages, élas, in the history of Creation: Veda Kala, Agama Kala, Smriti Kala, Purana Kala and Itihasa Kala. What was of the nature of secret content, gupta dharma, of the Veda was taken over by the Agamas and what was external, bghya dharma, was taken over by the Smriti. And this Dharma rests on the five pillars of affection, snéha; love, prima; faith, ‘Sraddha; devotion, bhakti and service, sévd. @ Dharma is designed to promote the growth of the satvic element in man who is bound by Nature. In collective society it underlies the vaja and’ other nitis for a similar end. ao Artha is to be-so pursued as to regulate raga-doesa, desire and hatred. Puranas are intended to impress the necessity of this control. Kama is developed into a science by follow- ing which the inner enemies, antah Satru, are controlled. The Smriti is of much help here. @ Dharma siitras are meant for the collective society in general. Smarta siitras are for people who are sufficiently evolved, visista jana, Srauta siitras are for those who have arrived at an identity, tadéimya with what is above, the divyamapdala. They are for the highest. JIVA In one of the Tantras the Jivatma is con- ceived to be enclosed in a series of concentric circles. Thus the first enclosing circle or sheath is of smell, ghranendriya; enclosing that is a bigger circle, of gabda, sound; | next is caksusa, of sight; the last and the final is of wak, touch; = 29 this last is the adsandmaya sheath which sticks the longest to-the jivdtma even when’ it has dissolved the other three sheaths which drop away after the death of the body, one after another. @ The Atma is spoken of as of five different categories : ae Atma Antaratma Fianatind Paramatma Bhiitatma The Atma and the Antardtma are related to each other by Prana. The Atma and the Bhititma are’ related to each other by the Body. In the Tantras, the Brahmagranthi governs. the domain of the Bhitatma; Vishnugranthi governs that of Atma and Antaratma; Rudra- granthi of Jfianadtma. . @ The kancuka, covering, cloak, of the Prana is the body. dow 199° Be The kancuka of Jiva is Prana. The kancuka of Atma is Jiva. Then, what is Jiva ? Is it anything different from Atma ? Atma in association with Prana is Jiva. Siva in constriction is Jiva, sankucitah Sivo jivah. ® It is an old controversy regarding Bija vs. Samskaras. The fact is that Samskaras, how- ever strong, can only cover and affect the operative aspect of the original being, bia, which remains unsullied. The Samskaras of different kinds, viz. of niyati,.of kald, of kala etc. work together, each time with a different emphasis; but ‘the essential character of the bija remains the same. JNANA In our tradition you are not asked to accept anything as authoritative unless you experience it. Pramaéna is what is experienced, yad anubhiyate.tadeva pramanam. ® oa There are things which can be reasoned out. There are things which are beyond the reason of the mind. It is wise not to question by the mind what is truly beyond it. * 8 Knowing comes by stages. First there is a seeking to know, an aspiration, sodan@. Then follows a growing ‘consciousness of oneself, one’s own strength and weakness, samwvedand. Next is the awareness of others, an‘ understanding awareness of their needs and condition, dvedand. Last comes vid, jfdna. @ Only that Jfiana is real. Jiiina which leads you to merge in the Divine, to the lina-bhava. GURU The Lord is not indifferent to the lot of creatures in the creation. In fact, it is said, that his one preoccupation is to tend and help out cach being released by him in manifestation. *atarkyah caiva ye bhavah na tanstarkena tarkayet. _ 95 — Each one He helps from birth to birth, from scale to scale of creation, till, at last the human birth is attained. Even there, when encugh experience has been gained and the man feels a suffocation and asks for release, He appears as the Guru, lays down the regulation, the dcédra, by following which the man has his bonds snapped and attains to the station of the supreme Lord. Follow the deara, the samdcara, sanctified by the Guru; that will dissolve the bonds that tie. @ Who is qualified to be a Guru ? The Tantras declare that the Diksa Guru is he who knows the Agama (authentic scripture), is skilful in action, devoted to the Supreme Guru Sambhu, full of peace, compassionate to all, sweet of speech, following the happy tradition, incomparable in all his parts, wise of the world. The paduka (of the Guru.) are. so called because they are capable of holding. and sustain- a ing us at every step, pade pade asmakam pada- dharanaksama paduka. @ Yes, it is a fact that the Karma of the disciples and of those who seck refuge in him, fall on the Guru. Fire burns as long as dry fuel is thrown in, in right quantities. But if one begins to throw in it all manner of things and that too in excessive quantities, the fire gets dull and gradually gets extinguished. At such times, one must withdraw and put oneself in complete tune with the sustaining Sakti. Diksa, initiation, is of several kinds, Broadly, it may be said that for those who are ready already, siddhadhikarin, it is the vedhamayi, medhamayi Diksa that are used, For those who have to acquire the necessary competence, sddhyddhikdrins, the Diksa is sabdi, caksusi and spdrsi, by word, by glance, by touch, respectively. Vedhamayt is a movement directed within the consciousness of the Guru so as ‘to comimuni- cate itself. to. the disciple. a) Medhamai. is a similar movement of thought. @ DEVATA A Way is necessary for the Highest Grace to reach the seeker. Similarly a Way is necessary for the seeker to reach the Highest. The Deity provides the Way. There is mention in the Rig Veda of how when a Rica wanted to reach up to the Divine, it sought for a means to do that and Agni was the Way. ® There are three conditions for a true, fruitful worship of the Dévi to be possible. One must shed the three desires; desire for wealth, wittesana ; desire for woman, daraisand; desire for worldly success, lokesan@. He who is free from these three attachments can alone tread the Path of Her adoration. That is the real saubhagya. Isana- traya-nirmuktah saubhagyarcanam Gcaret. ® Bes 198) ot Should you imvoke one Deity but worship quite another, you will receive the curses of both. * ® Tat savitur varenyam bhargoh devasya.... The Bharga here is the Supreme Light which lights up the very sun. It is.greater than the sun: The sun has niyati,'a regulation, but the Bharga has none. That Light really bears up all, (bhmng bharane). MANTRA Just as all the characteristic qualities and power of the Tree is concentrated and latent in the seed, similarly the power, the presence and characteristic qualitics of expression of the Deity are there present in the Mantra. ‘It embodies not only the Presence but also the Way to reach the Deity. @ *Avhdya devatém ekam arcayed anya devatdm ubhabhyam: labhate Sapam. = 99 = MANTRA SADHANA The power of mantra is undefinable, mantranim acintya Saktité. There are two kinds of this Sadhana; bhautika and naisthikt. The former is largely for the satisfaction of worldly desires, gaining human ends in ordinary life. This is certainly not my way. The other is devoted solely to spiritual pursuit, for realizing the Divine. Worldly happiness may result in the course of this Sadhana but that is incidental. The main aim is to grow into the Truth of the Divine Consciousness. In a sense the way of all Yoga is one. For instance, there is so much of correspondence between the Mantra Sadhana and the Pataiijala Yoga. The first four limbs of yama, niyama, dsana, pranayama in the latter bring about a purification of the body and its samskaras; this is brought about in the Mantra Sadhana by pija, japa, stava etc.. which bathe the body ceaselessly in higher vibrations and orientate its tendencies Godward. The imposition of niyama, control over the senses, indriyas, by pratyah@ra has its parallel here in the aatah- karana samskéra brought about in the course of =: 90) == fulfilling the demands of mantra-japa. The last three termed sdmyama by Patanjali correspond to what we call the dtma-samskdra, discipline and purification of the inner being. The one goal set before the Sadhaka for immediate attainment is a constant, ceaseless living in the Divine Consciousness, sad@ cid anu- bhdvanam. Work must be done but without desire for fruit, phalam tyaktot karma-karapam. In. fact this is one of the demands upon the sadhaka. All these are. means for achieving the true object of human life and that is indeed the ascertainnient and realization of one’s true self, sva vimarsah purusdrthah. JAPA Japa is so called because it snaps the tie of birth which is the result of Karma of the series of previous births, janmdntaraphala-pratibandhakasya janma-vicchedah; and because it destroys all sin, papandsanam. @ Japa has been well defined as not what is repeated externally but the resounding ndda, — 3 == sound, inside, when the movement of the indriyas, senses, is checked. * ® That is true japa where all inertia, and indolence, fall away when you start it. The awareness gets sharpened, alert, mental, move- ments fall quiet and only two remain: he who does the japa and He who is the object of japa, the ‘vacaka and the vdcya. ®@ When you are tired of japa take to dhyana; When tired of dhyana, take to japa; When tired of both, take to the laud, staza. @ They say it is best to recite the praises of God, stava, composed by the Rishis or equally realized persons. In a poetic image it is said, that whenever such verses are recited, God recollects having heard them somewhere before — when the great soul chanted them for Him—and rushes to where they are now being sung. ®@ *Samyatendriya sancdrah proccarita nédamantaram efa eva japth proktah nanu bahyajapo japah, pee GOs A sacred verse yields its meaning without difficulty to one who has thirst for it, pipdsa; but if the mind is full of its own importance, how can the meaning find room to enter? UPASANA There are three fundamental truths : (1) The Supreme Lord has his Sakti which is inseparable from Him. (2) Each individual has within himself a consciousness, a Sakti which is derived from the Supreme Sakti. (3) The Supreme Sakti has spread itself in the universe of its creation in several ways, several forms, at several levels. The formu- lations at the higher levels which are engaged in conducting the manifestation are the Deities. They are also charged with leading, man from his station on earth upwards and upwards till he reaches the Source. And the process to connect oneself, one’s consciousness with these Deities is what is called Upasana. ‘ The, seeker when he begins the updsand is something like a child) coming out of: his — 5G oe mother’s womb. He is just emerging from the womb of Prakriti. The awakening and functioning of faculties is gradual. Thus in meditation, it takes time to get collected, calm etc. It takes time for thoughts to dwindle. Oneness of con- centration or blankness of mind are more or less final conditions of a stage which comes after effort, not at the very beginning. One should not therefore worry overmuch about this. What is required is steady application, keeping punctual timings and sincere effort. ® Updsana is really the saguna mdarga, path of adoration of the Divine with Form. There are three” grades, bhimikdés, in Pija. The lowest consisting of nydsa, mudrd etc. is for the ordinary type of men; praise, siava, repetition of mantra, japa, are for the middle; meditation, dhyana, absorption, laya, for the highest, the best.* “Pujakbtisamam stotram stotrakojisamam japah Japakolisamam dhyénam dhydnakotisamo layah. a ANUSTHANA Anusthana is. external ritual, bahya ott. Amisandhana is the inner mode, antar ortii. Power, Sakti, can be aroused not by mantra alone. It can be so done by bhdva of tadatmiya, oneness with Him, by nisthd, discipline, by vyavasthd, set order etc. It is of course understood that the quality of the vibrations aroused are different from case to case. @ It is a mistake to think that in the Kaula Marga one identifies oneself with the Prakriti and flies with it. Actually there is. One (the Divine Sakti). who is at play in the Prakriti. The sadhaka aims to put himself into contact with Her. For that purpose he draws the Prakriti nearer. Once the Inncr Reality is experienced the outer cloak falls off by itself. ® There is so much of misunderstanding about the term vdma marga. What is really vdma ? Vama__is _whaz is beautiful, —vémam—+vapunam— sundaram iti. There is another derivation. Véma is She who ejects from Herself the

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