PERIOD1:TO600BCE

Paleolithic
1. nomadic
huntergatherers
2. clans
3. NeolithicRevolution
(AgriculturalRevolution)
a. likelybywomen
b. peoplestayedcloseculturaltraditions
c. propertyownership
d. foodsurplusspecializedlabour
e. alterenvironmenttofarm
f. domesticatedanimals
g. pottery,sailboats,farmingtools(metallurgy),
bronze
4. PastoralSocieties
a. domesticatedanimals
b. womenhadfewrights
c. neednewgrazingareasforherdsdidntsettledown

Mesopotamia

(MiddleEast)

1. TigrisandEuphrates
a. FertileCrescent
b. unpredictable,negativeviewoflife
2. agriculture
3. Sumer
EpicofGilgamesh
a. firstbigcivilization
b. bureaucracy
c. cuneiform
d. wheel
e. religion:polytheistic
i.
builtzigguratstoworshipgods
4. Babylon
a. HammurabisCode
5. Peoplewereconqueredandexiled=culturaldiffusion

AncientEgypt
1. NileRiver
a. predictable,positiveviewoflife
b. depositedsilteasyagriculture
i.
irrigation,drainage
2. Old,Middleand
New
(1400BCE)
a. Pharaohs
b. obelisksandpyramidsbuilt

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

c. hieroglyphs
Tradedwithfarcivilizations
a. neededmaterialstomakebuildingprojects
b. =culturaldiffusion
religion:polytheistic
a. focusonafterlife=mummification
QueenHatshepsut(femaleruler)
a. basicrights:property,marriages
Social=pyramidtoo
a. pharoah(divine),priests,nobles,merchants,peasants,slaves
conqueredbyvariousempires

WestAfrica
1. NigerandBenueRiver
2. farmersbeganmigratingSandE
a. culturaldiffusion
b. Bantu
languages
3. JenneJeno
a. firstcityinsubsaharanafrica
b. nothierarchal

IndusRiverValleyCivilization
1. IndusRiver
a. hugemountainslimitedcontact
b. Khyberpasspermitted
2. Majorcities:
MohenjoDaro,Harappa
a. masterplanned(streetgrid,plumbing)centralizedgovernment
3. religion:priestking,polytheistic
4. cloth,potterwheels
5. Aryans:
tribesfromCaucasusmountainsinvaded
a. horses,advancedweaponry
b. Vedicreligion(polytheistic)Hinduism
c. socialstructurecastesystem
d. priest/god:Brahman(s)

EarlyChina
1. ShangDynasty
a. YellowRiver
b. tradebased=culturaldiffusion
c. limitedcontact(farway)
MiddleKingdom
ethnocentric
d. decimalsystem,calendar,horsedrawnchariot,silk
e. religion:
patriarchal,ancestorveneration

2. Zhou
a. MandateofHeaven:
heavengrantedfamilypowertoruleaslongasrulers
governedjustlyandwisely
b. feudal
i.
eventuallyindividual,independentkingdoms
ii.
bureaucracies

LatinAmerica
1. Olmec
(Mexico)
a. irrigation,largescalebuildings
b. polytheistic
c. writing,calendar
2. Chavin
(Andes)
a. coast
,seafood
b. llamas
c. metaltools,weapons

GENERALSIMILARITIESOFALL
1. rivervalley
a. except:Olmec,Chavin
2. publicworks
3. centralized
4. cities
a. except:Bantu
i.
except:JenneJeno
5. farmed
(requirestools,irrigation)
6. architecturalmonuments
7. jobspecialization
8. patriarchal
9. conqueredbymoreadvanced
10. trade(regional,interregional)

WOMEN
1. first:moreequalinhuntergatherer
2. cities=patriarchal
3. taughtchildrentospeak

PERIOD2:600BCE600CE

India
MauryanEmpire
(300180BCE)
1. foundedby
ChandraguptaMaurya
a. unitedAryankingdoms
2. extensivetrade(silk,cotton,elephants)

a. Mesopotamia,RomanEmpire
3. Ashoka
Maurya
a. convertedto
Buddhism
b. RockandPillarEdicts
:remindedMauryanstolivegenerously

GuptaEmpire
(320500CE)
1. foundedby
ChandraGupta
a. copiedMaurya
2. moredecentralized
3. GoldenAge
a. pi,0,decimal,Arabicnumerals
i.
culturaldiffusion
4. Hinduismwasdominant
a. reinforcedcastesystem
5. Women
a. startedloosingrights:couldntinheritproperty,couldntparticipateinreligion,
childmarriages
6. invadedbyHuns

China

QinDynasty
(220209BCE)
1. veryshort
a. QinShiHuangdi
i.
lifesizeterracottaarmyforgrave
2. centralized,
strongmilitary,ironweapons
a. bureaucracy
3. agriculturalbased
4. GreatWallofChina
5. Legalism:
peopleareevilstrictlawsandharshpunishments
6. standardizedlaw
s,currencies,weights,writing

HanDynasty
(200BCE220CE)
1. beinginvadedbynomadictribeXiongnu

2. WuTi
(WarriorEmperor)
a. enlargedempire
3. SilkRoad
a. tradedwithRomans
b. builtroads
c. BuddhismspreadintoChina
4. Confucian
a. CivilServiceExamination
i.
ImperialAcademy,alleligible
ii.
bureaucratshadtopasshighstakesexamstablegovernment
b. filialpiety
5. paper,sundial,
compass
6. otherdynastiescameintopowerHanrestored,nevergainspowerbackfully

Mediterranean

PersianEmpire
1. conqueredpreviousMesopotamiancivilizations
a. hugeempire
2. dividedterritoryintoSatrapies,ruledbysatraps
a. gavepowerto
existingleaders,allowedtoselfgovern
iftheypaidtaxesand
soldiers
3. GreatRoyalRoad

OtherPeoples
1. Lydians
:inventedcoinage
2. Phoenicians
:navalpower,simplealphabet
3. Hebrews:
Judaism(firstmonotheisticreligion),Israel,frequentlyinvadedby
neighbours

AncientGreece
1. limitedlandcolonies
2. navaltrade
3. notanationbutcollectionof
citystates
(polis)thatsharedsimilarculture
a. Athens
:political,culturalcommercialcenter
b. Sparta
:agricultural,militaristiccenter
i.
girlsreceivedtraining
4. SocialStructure:
a. Citizens:adultmen,vote(
DEMOCRACY
)
b. Freepeoplewithnopoliticalrights
c. Noncitizens:slaves
5. slavelabour=culture

a. Drama,math(Euclid,Pythagoras),columns,philosophy
6. religious:polytheistic,godshaveflaws
7. PersianWars
a. unitedGreekcitystates
8. DelianLeague:
ledbyAthens
9. PeloponnesianLeague:
ledbySparta
10. PeloponnesianWar
a. Spartawins,weak
b. Macedoniainvades
11. AlexandertheGreat
a. adoptedandspreadHellenisticculture(allthewaytoIndia)
b. diedyoung,empiredivided

AncientRome
1. geographicallocation=good
a. alpsprotect,crossroadoftrade,sea(hardtoinvade,trade)
2. polytheistic
3. 2mainclasses:
a. patricians:
landowningnobles
b. plebeians:
allotherfreemen
c. slaves
4. Republic
(representation)
a. Senate,Assembly,+2Consuls
b. 12TablesofRome(laws)
5. patriarchal
paterfamilias
a. womencouldownproperty
6. PunicWars
a. mainenemy:
Carthage
(NAfricancity)
b. HannibalinvadedRome
c. RomeburntCarthage
d. eliminatedmainenemy
7. Restlessness
a. landownershadmoreslavesdisplacedfarmersincities
b. inflation
c. politicalfights
8.
Caesar
a. gainedpower,killed
9. Octavius(Augustus)
a. gainspower,becomesemperor
b. ruleoflaw,commoncoinage,civilservice,securetravelformerchants
c. artscenter:literature,architecture(=Colosseum,Forum,Pantheon)
d. roadsand
aqueducts
10.
PaxRomana

a. regionunitedundersamegovernment,safetyincreasedtrade
11. Allowedconqueredlandstokeepcultureifitdidntthreaten
a. maintainedindividualculturalidentities
b. enlistedexistingrulers
c. Christianity
i.
camefromJudaism
ii.
firstpersecuted
iii.
legalizedby
Constantine(EdictofMilan)
iv.
spread!
12. Endedin
476CE
a. epidemics,bademperors,externalinvasions
b. DiocletiantriestodivideEmpire
c. ConstantinebuildsConstantinople
d. WestandEastside
i.
West:RomeissackedbyVisigoths
ii.
East:changesnameto
ByzantineEmpire
,flourishes
13. HadriansWall:
protectedfromCelts,likeGWoC

Mayans
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

dominatedMexico,CentralAmerica
collectionofcitystatesruledbysameking
builtpyramids(temples)
hieroglyphics
calendarsystem,0
religion:polytheistic
a. cosmosinto3parts:heaven,humans(middle),underworld
b. godscreatedhumansoutofmaizeandwater
7. Warfaremostlytogainslaves
forsacrifice
a. humans=mainlaborsource
8. ridgedfieldsystem
9. fizzledout,nooneknowswhy

CulturalDiffusion
1. SilkRoad
2. Tradecarriedeverything
a. merchantsinteractedwithpeoplealongtheway
b. pastoralists
3. disease(AntoninePlague)
4. Buddhism:EastandSEAsia
5. Christianity:Europe

Technology
1. Stirrup:EurasianSteppe
2. MayaandGupta:0
3. calendars
4. Han:windmills,gunpowder,paper

DECLINEOFWESTERNROME,GUPTA,HAN

WESTERNROME(476CE)

GUPTA(550CE)

HANCHINA220CE

Taxrevoltsbyupperclass,
churchexemptfromtaxes

notenoughtaxesformilitary
defense

officialsexemptfromtaxes,
difficulttocollectfrom
peasantpopulation

tradedecrease(economy
depended)

populationincreasesless
landperfamily

25/26empiresdiedwithin50
years

courtscorrupt

empiredivideswesthalf
weakens

unabletocontrollarge
estateowners

landdivisionspowerof
provincialrulers

invasionsofGothsandHuns invasionsofWhiteHuns

nomadicXiongnuinvade

WOMENINANCIENTSOCIETIES

ROME/GREECE

INDIA

CHINA

patriarchal

patriarchalcastesystem

Confucianguidelinesfor
virtuousbehavior

littlelandownership

notallowedtoinherit

notallowedtoinherit

educatedupperclass

forbiddentoread

educatedupperclass

Spartanwomen=citizens

notcitizens

notcitizens

couldownbusiness(widows largedowry,noremarriage
especially)

arrangedmarriages,
permittedtoremarry

priestessesornuns

Buddhistconvents,Daoism
balancesmaleandfemale

cannotachievemoksha

MAJORRELIGIONSOFTHETIME

Polytheism
1. PracticedbyeveryoneexceptHebrewsandChristians
a. Greeks/Romans
:humanistic,warred
b. Egypt:kind,benevolent
c. Sumer:evil,feared
2. priestly
classcontrolledhumananddivineconnection
3. multiplegods

Confucianism
1. practicedin
Chinafrom400BCEonward
2. ConfuciuswasaZhougeneral
a. wantedtobecomeahighofficialingovernment,didnt
b. educator,politicaladvisor
3. politicalandsocialideology,NOTRELIGION
4. 5fundamentalrelationships
a. rulersubject
b. parentchild
c. husbandwife
d. olderbrotheryoungerbrother
e. friendfriend(equal)
5. superior
individualsinrelationships
6. filialpiety:
respectforfamilyobligation
7. compatiblewithotherreligions(Buddhism)

Daoism
1. practicedin
Chinafrom500BCEonward
2. Dao:invisible,passiveforcethatdoeseverything
a. humansshouldbepassiveandgiving
3. Ambitionandactivism=chaos
4. priestsusemagic,inharmonywithnature,internalpiece
5. individualist

Legalism
1. QinDynasty
2. humansareevilt
oughlawsandharshpunishments
3. helpedunifyChinaquicklyunderQin

Hinduism
1. Indiansubcontinent
2. Aryansinvaded
3. Brahma:supremeforce
a. godsaredifferentversionsofBrahma
4. reincarnation,impossibletoachievemokshainonelifetime
a. moveupladderincastesystemifyoufollowyourobligations
5. faithfulHindus
acceptedplaceincastesystem(dharma)

Buddhism
1. fromHinduism
2. Japan,India,China,SEAsia
3. SiddharthaGautama
(prince)searchesformeaningofhumansuffering
a. becomes
Buddha
4. FourNobleTruths:
a. alllifeis
suffering
b. sufferingiscausedbydesire
c. onecanbefreedofthisdesire
d. oneisfreedofdesirebyfollowingtheeightfoldpath
5. canreach
nirvana
insinglelifetime,opposecastesystem
a. appealtolowerranks
6. splitinto
2largedenominations:
a. Theravada:emphasizesmeditation,Buddhanotgod
b. Mahayana:rituals,Buddhaisgod
7. notpopularinIndia,popularin
(South)EastAsia

Zoroastrianism
1. Iranians
2. twogods:goodandevil
3. humanswillbereleasedtoeithersidewhenchaosisgonefromtheworld

Judaism
1. Hebrews
2. gods
electedHebrews
:wouldpreservethemforeveriftheypromisetofollowhislaws
3. firstmonotheisticfaith
a. spawnedIslamandChristianity
4. specialrelationshipwithgod
,rulesandtraditions

Christianity
1. first:groupofJews
,spreadthroughoutRomanEmpire
2. Jesusclaimedtobe
Messiah
a. appealedtolowerclassesandwomen
3. CrucifiedbyRomans
,feltthreatened
a. laterembracedbyConstantineandspread
4. practicelove
5. earlyChristiansconverted
a. spreadby
Paul

PERIOD3:6001450

IslamandIslamicCaliphate
1. Godtransmittedwordsto
Mohammed
a. Islam,Muslims
b. Quran
c. FivePillarsofIslam
2. splitinto2groups:
a. Shia
:leadershouldberelatedtoMohammed
b. Sunni:
leadershouldbewhoeverisbest
3. hijra:MuhammadandfollowersfledfromMeccatoMedina(persecuted)
4. DaralIslamlandswhereIslamwaspracticed
5. AbuBakr
becomesfirstcaliph
a. emperorandreligiousleader
b. theocracy
6. IslamEmpire=caliphate
a. becamehereditary
7. UmayyadDynasty
a. capital:
Damascus,Syria
b. Arabic=officiallanguage
c. jizya:taxonallNonmuslims
i.
encouraged,butdidntforcetoconvert
d. expandedintoAfricaand
Spain
e. Shiasbegantoassertthemselves,dynastyfell
8. AbbasidDynasty
a. goldenage
i.
steel,encyclopedia,
algebra
b. capital:
Baghdad
i.
lostSpain
c. trade:
inventedcredit,
receipts
d. learnedpaperfromChineselibraries,
citiescenterofculture

e. preservedGrecoRomanculturewhileEuropewasinMA
f. tolerantoflocalcustoms
9. Women
a. Islamoutlawedfemaleinfanticide
b. gainedinfluenceinHome
i.
Muhammedswife
c. couldhave
4wives
d. equalbeforeallah
10. invadedbyMongols
,destroyedBaghdad

Byzantium
1.
2.
3.
4.

Greek
language
architecture:
domes
OrthodoxChristianity
Emperorhadabsoluteauthority
a. inchargeofpoliticsandchurch
b. monopolizedindustries
5. Justinian
a. JustinianCode
b. built
HagiaSophia
(cathedral,latermosque)
c. triedtoreconquerWEurope(failed)
6. 1054:GreatSchism
a. disagreedoverguidingprinciples
b. excommunicatedeachother
7. Russia
a. slavsconvertedbyStCyril(800s)
b. Prince
Vladimir
choseRomanCatholicism(overothermonotheisticreligions)
c. separatedRussiafromWEurope
d. 1200s:invaded/
conqueredbyMongols
e. late1400s:
Muscovyprinces
uniteandkickoutMongolsCzar
f. IvantheTerrible
unitedandcentralized

WesternEurope
1. Romansleftitdecentralized
2. KingClovis
(FrankishKing)spreadChristianity
3. CharlesMartelbeatMuslims
a. son:PepintheShort
4. Charlemagne
(800)
a. HolyRomanEmpire
(Popelegitimizedrule)
b. centralizedWEurope
c. artsandeducationcenteredinmonasteries
d. dividedkingdom:TreatyofVerdun

5. Vikings
(andMagyars)(700s)
a. invadedmonasteries
b. multioaredboats
c. CanadaRussiaFrance
d. influenceonEngland/English
e. convertedandhelpspreadChristianity
6. Feudalism
(5001500)
a. neededprotectionfrominvaders
b. kingnoblesvassalspeasants(
serfs,tiedtoland
)
c. manorialism,selfsufficient
7. threefieldsystem
a. onefieldleftfallow
b. clearedforeststofarm
8. knights,
codeofchivalry
9. primogeniture
:gaveoldestsoneverything
10. middleclassofmerchantsdeveloped
11. townsformedalliances(HanseaticLeague)
12. cathedrals
13. Crusades
:campaignsundertakenbyEuropeanChristians10001300stotakeover
HolyLand
14. scholasticism:systemofideology/philosophytaughtinearlyEuropeanUniversities
15. (Spanish)Inquisition
a. heretics(nonChristians,antiChristians)persecuted
b. allnonChristianskickedoutofSpain
16. 1215:
MagnaCarta
limitedBritishmonarchsrights
a. ledtoParliament
17. EnglandhadFrance,Francerevolted
a. WilliamtheConqueror
b. JoanofArc
c. HundredYearsWar
d. Franceruledby
Bourbons
18. QueenIsabellaandFerdinandunitedSpain
(1469)
a. SpanishInquisition
b. alliedwithChurch

Tang/SongDynasty
1. Tangoverexpanded(600900)
a. capital:Changan
b. tributesystem
:independentcountriesacknowledgedsupremacyofChinese
withgifts
2. Song(9501300)
a. moveabletype
populationgrowth
b. Grandcanal

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

c. gunpowder,magneticcompass,junks
bothaccomplishedinarchitecture,science,philosophy,porcelain,silk,transportation
a. canals
b. papermoney
,credit
TangpoetrySongpracticalapplicationsincreaseliteracy
meritbasedbureaucracy
riceincreaseinpopulation
EmpressWu(Tang)
Song:
footbinding
ConfucistsandDaoists
sawBuddhismasathreatpersecuted
a. Confucianism:Buddhismdismissedmaterialaccumulationhurteconomy
moreindividualvssocietalbased
b. Daoists:existingindividualistreligion,threatened
c. NeoConfucianism
borrowedsoulandindividualideasfromBuddhism

Japan
1. isolatedforthousandsofyears
2. Yamatoclan
(stillemperors)
a. divine
3. Shintoism
:forcesofnature,bothseenandunseen
4. BuddhismspreadtoJapan,blended
5. borrowedbureaucraticandlegalreforms
6. modeledcapitalafterChangan
7. hereditary>meritocracy!!
8. Fujiwara
(800)
a. powerfulfamily,Emperor=figurehead
b. capital:
Heian
c. goldenage
9. Feudalism:
a. shogungivenpower
(1200)
,Emperor=figurehead
b. daimyos
(lords)=samurai,
CodeofBushido
c. lessersamurai(vassals)
d. peasants
e. landforloyalty
f. womenlostanyfreedom

VietnamandKorea
1. underTangtributarysystem
2. ConfucianismandBuddhismspread

DelhiSultanate
(12001500)
1. IndiadecentralizedIslamicinvaders
2. makeDelhicapital
a. irrigation,universities,mosques
3. Islamspreads(NorthernIndia)
4. Muslimstolerantbutdontlikepolytheism
a. jizya
b. destroyedHindutemples
5. Majorreligiousconflicts:

Hinduism

Islam

polytheistic

monotheistic

castesystem

everyoneisequalbeforeAllah

universal&exclusive

tolerant,mixedwithotherbeliefs

cowsaresacred

cowsarefood

Mongols
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

7.
8.

nomadic
horsemen,archers
1200s:
GenghisKhan
united
PacificOceanEasternEurope
EntireEmpireruledbyGreatKhan
a. Khanatesor
Hordes
:dividedempireintosmallerkingdoms
i.
largelyindependent
b. Golden

Horde
:Russia
i.
didntunify/culturallydevelopasquicklyasWEurope
c. China:ruledby
Kublai

Khan
(
YuanDynasty
)
i.
didntallowChinesetoMongolize
(forbadeintermarrying,learning
language,dismissedConfucianism)keptculturalidentity,later
rebelled
TimurLang
:powerfulconqueror
Mongolssparedpeoplewhogavein,punishedtraitors,incredibly
ruthless
a. assimilatedintolocalculture
b. didntstifleorencourageculturaladvancements
Paxmongolica:
facilitatedtrade,SilkRoadflourishedagain
a. BlackPlague
declineby1450

Africa

Kush,AxumandSwahiliCoast
1. SouthofNileRiver
2. Kush
developedsametimeasAncientEgypt
a. centerfor
ironwork
andtrade
3. Axum
(Ethiopia)
a. tradedgoldandivory
b. ChristianityIslam
4. SwahiliCoast
,citystates
a. linkedtoIndiaandSEAsiavia
IndianOceanTrade
b. Bantu+Arabic=Swahili
c. tradedwithMuslimsasearlyas900s
i.
gold,slaves,ivory
d. culturalcenters
,mosques
5. AfricankingdomseventuallyconvertedtoIslambutmaintained
owncultural
traditions

Ghana,Mali,Songhai
1. WestAfrica
2. begantradingwithIslamictradesinNAfrica
a. saltforgold
(Africahadtons!)
3. Muslimmerchantstriedtoconvert
Ghana
(8001000)inbloodywar
4. Mali
(12001450)
a. MansaMusa
:
Muslim
kingwhowenton
hajj
andgaveoutgoldtoeveryone
inflationinMEwellknown
b. capital:
Timbuktu
5. Songhai
(14501600s)
a. largeempire
b. Timbuktu:majorculturalcenter
,internationaluniversity
6. oralliterature
7. Benin

culture
:masteredbronzesculpting

Aztecs

1. centralMexico
2. capital:
Tenochtitlan
3. expanded,professionalarmy

a. neededcaptivesforhumansacrifice
4. warriors=elite
5. nobureaucracy,
conqueredpeopleallowedtorulethemselves(tributarysystem)
6. roadsandtrade

7. women
could
inheritproperty

Incas
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

AndesMountains
coastline
terracing
MachuPicchu
mainsourceoflabour=human
polytheistic
a. sacrificed
b. womenhadreligiousrole
c. Incanrulersmummified
7. quipu
:recordkeepingbyknottying

InteractionsbetweenGroups

BubonicPlague
1. spreadbymerchantsvia
SilkRoad
2. killedofEurope
3. quickened
declineoffeudalism

IndianOceanTrade
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

dominatedbyPersiansandArabs
IndiaPersianGulf
EAfrica
monsoons
notasmuchwarfare
sailorsmarriedwomenattheendoftheirtraderoutes,
culturaldiffusion

SilkRoad
1.
2.
3.
4.

ChinaMediterranean
usedheavily12001600(
paxMongolica
)
paper
Buddhism,Islam,Christianity

HanseaticLeague
1. citystates
inNEuropethat
bandedtogether
toestablishcommontradepractices,
fightoffpirates,foreigngovernments
2. results
a. middle

class
b. ledtolargetradingcompanieslater(BEIC,Muscovy)

ExpansionofReligionandEmpire:CultureClash

CrusadesandJihad
(ca.11001200)
1. PopeUrbancalledforFirstCrusade
becauseMoorswereadvancinginSpain
2. foughtwithMuslimsoverHolyLand
a. wentbackandforth,Europeansmostlylost
3. Still,evenfailedconquestscausedinteraction
a. Renaissance

Migrations
1. peoplemovedintobigcities
a. capitalsweremovedaround
2. Pilgrimages
a. ChristianstoConstantinople/Rome
b. MuslimstoMecca

Technology
1. mostfromChina/IndiaIslamicworld
2. universities,p
aper(currency),
guns,
moveable

type
,
magnetic

compass
,terracing

Women
Europe

Islam

India

strictpatriarchalandsocial
divisions

equalityinreligion,but strictpatriarchalcaste
separateinmosques
system

China

strictConfuciansocialorderand
guidelinesforvirtuousbehaviour

couldinheritland,butproperty receivedhalf
belongedtohusband
inheritanceofmale
children

childmarriages

accesstodowriesandowned
businesses

couldbringacourtcase,but
notparticipateindecision

testimonyhadless
weightthanmale

practiceofsatifor
widows

widowtoremainwithsonno
propertyifremarried

divisionoflaborwomenin
textiles

familytextilelabor

silkweavingasfemale
occupation

Christianmonogamy

concubinesand
seclusioninharems

marriagelimitedtocaste
members

concubinesandseclusionin
harems

educationlimitedtoupper
classmales

literatesociety

educationlimited

literatesociety,butstate
educationlimitedtomen

didnotrecognizeillegitimate
children

allchildrenseenas
legitimate

veilingofupperclass

veilinginpublic

purdah:veilingor
seclusion footbinding

PERIOD4:14501750

Europe
1. Humanism
:focusonindividuals,achievement
2. Renaissance
a. startedin
Italy
,powerfulmerchantfamiliessubsidizedarts(Medici)
b. LeonardodaVinci(realisticdrawing)
c. Michelangelo(SistineChapel)
d. spreadnorth
3. printingpress
cheaperbooksmorepeoplehaveaccessmorepeopleliterate
andeducated
a. WilliamShakespeare:importantwriter
4. Reformation
a. Churchwascorrupt
i.
i
ndulgences
:piecesofpaperthatreducedtimeinpurgatory
ii.
usedtopayforRenaissance
b. MartinLuther
(Germanmonk,1517)stuck95Theses
i.
indulgencesarebad,vernacularservice
ii.
followerscalledLutheran
c. CalvinistsinScotland
d. KingHenryVIII
ofEnglandwantedtodivorce
ChurchofEngland
5. CounterReformation
(CatholicChurchsresponse)
a. forbidindulgences
b. Jesuits
:practicedsalvationandmoderation
c. triedandpunishedheretics
6. S
cientificRevolution
a. Nicolaus
Copernicus
:planetsrevolvesaroundsun
b. ChurchputGalileoontrial
i.
manynewideascontradictedwhatChurchsaid
c. Scientificmethodinvented
d. SirIsaacNewton:calculusandgravity
e. atheists(nogodexists),deists(godexists,passive)
7. the
Enlightenment
(16001700s)
a. divine

right
:Godgavekingsrighttorule
i.
churchaligneditselfwithstrongmonarchs
b. socialcontract
:governmentswereformedtomeetsocialandeconomicneeds
ofpeoplebeinggoverned
c. Thomas
Hobbes
:peopleareevilabsolutemonarch
d. John
Locke
:peoplearegood,naturalrights,governmentshouldprotect
thoserights
e. JeanJacques
Rousseau
:peoplearerationalmajorityrule

f. Montesquieu
:3branches
g. Enlightenedmonarchsreformedandincreasedstandardofliving
8. Exploration
a. ledby
Iberians
i.
PrinceHenrytheNavigator
supportedexploration
ii.
VascodaGamaroundedCapeofGoodHope
iii.
ChristopherColumbus
encounteredAmericas
b. TreatyofTordesillas:
dividedworldintohemispheresforSpanishand
Portuguese
c. Technology:
i.
Lateensails:
triangular,allowedsailinginanydirection,IndianOcean
ii.
Magneticcompass
:Handynasty
9. CommercialRevolution

a. jointstockcompany
:distributedcostsandrisksofcolonization
b. monarchiesgrantedmonopoliestotraderoutes
i.
MuscovyCompany
ii.
BritishEastIndiaCompany
c. mercantilism
:wantedtoexport>import,
i.
coloniesgavemothercountriesrawmaterials,manufacturedathome,
soldbacktocolonies
10. Asiahadprotectionistpolicieslimitedtrade
a. Portuguesesetuptradingpostin
Goa
b. DutchEastIndiaCompanydeliberatelyraidedPortugueseships
11. Warsfallinto3categories:
a. ProtestantvsCatholic
b. MonarchvsNobles
c. Tradedisputesfromrivalnations
12. Spain
a. KingFerdinandandQueenIsabellaunite
i.
fundexploration
b. Newworld
c. CharlesV(Habsburg)
=hugeempire,HRE
i.
abdicates
d. SpanishInquisition
i.
againstProtestants,Muslims,Jews
13. Portugal
a. focusedEast
,lostcontrolofcoloniestoDutchandEnglish
14. England
a. KingHenryVIIIChurchofEngland
b. ElizabethI
i.
goldenage
ii.
MuscovyCompany,BEIC
iii.
Shakespeare

c. JamesI:unitedScotlandandEngland
d. CharlesIkickedout
OliverCromwell
(LordProtector)
Stuart
restoration
(buthewasCatholic)EnglishBillofRights,
onlyprotestants
canrule
15. France
a. Bourbons
arekings
b. Cardinalshadpoliticalpower,advisors
c. LouisXIV
i.
SunKing
ii.
builtVersailles
iii.
neversummonedEstatesGeneral
iv.
constantlyatwar,WarofSpanishSuccession
16. GermanAreas
a. HolyRomanEmpire
(stillveryfeudal),weakemperor
b. North=Protestant,South=Catholic
c. 30YearsWar
i.
fightingwithinGermanydestroyed
ii.
weakenedHRE
d. lostpartsofHungarytoOttomanTurks
e. Prussia=strong
17. Russia
a. centerof
OrthodoxChristianity
b. IvanIIIdeclared
RussiafreeofMongols
i.
saidserfscouldbefreeiftheyconqueredtheirownlandtotheE
(
Cossacks
)
c. IvantheTerrible:strictruler
d. isolatedfromW,veryfeudalterritorialnotartisticgrowth
e. Michael
Romanov
electedczar(16131917)
f. PetertheGreatwesternized
i.
firstnavy
ii.
builtStPetersburg(serfs)
iii.
womenhadtowearwesternclothing
g. CatherinetheGreat
:education,repressiveserfdom

NewWorld
1. Aztecs
a. HernanCortes
inMexico
b. Aztecssacrificedandexpanded=hatedbyneighbourshelpedCortes
c. Aztecsgivegoldsiege
2. Disease
a. nativeshad0resistance
tosmallpoxdead
3. samethinghappenedtoIncas
4. Encomiendas

a. Socialstructure
i.
peninsulares
:Spanishfrompeninsula
ii.
creoles
:Spanishparents,borninNewWorld
iii.
mestizos:EuropeanandNative
iv.
mulattos:EuropeanandAfrican
v.
natives
b. viceroys
=governors
c. providedpeninsulareslandandnativelaborers,
peninsularesshouldconvert
andprotectNatives
i.
treatedbadly,natives=SpanishcitizensAfricanslavesdonthaveto
betreatedwell
5. AfricanSlaveTrade
a. tribespracticedtemporary,POWslavery
b. someAfricanrulerscooperated,ifnot:Europeansterrorized
c. MiddlePassage
i.
highmortalityrates
ii.
mostwentto:
SouthAmerica
CaribbeanNAmerica
6. ColumbianExchange
:transatlantictransferofanimals,plantsdiseases,people,
technologyideas
a. OldNew:horses,sugar,
smallpox
,influenza,commoncold,guns,
Catholicism
b. NewOld:
potato
,corn,cacao,syphilis
c. sugar
:grownon
plantations,slavetreatmentbrutal
,transformationof
naturallandscape
d. silver:Spainmonopolized
,causedinflationinChina

OttomanEmpire
1. MongolsfallOttomansrise
a. foundedby
OsmanBeyinTurkey
b. 1453:invadeConstantinopleIstanbul
2. ReligioustoleranceforChristiansandJews
a. jizya
3. Janissaries:
enslavedChristianchildrentrainedtobesoldiers
4. SuleimantheMagnificent
a. builtuparmy,also
goldenage
b. gainsHungary
5. tookwivesfromalloverworld

Safavids
1. moderndayIran
2. mainOttomanrivals

Mughals
1. Babur
(
descendedfromGenghisKhan
)
a. Muslim
b. defeatedDelhiSultanate
2. unitedsubcontinent
3. MuslimsrulingoverHindus
4. Akbar
a. verytolerant
,eliminatedjizya
b. triedto
eliminatesati
c. marriedHindu
d. gaveHinduspoliticalpower
5. TajMahal
6. religioustolerationendedquickly:
MuslimsbegantopersecuteHindus
7. arrivalofEuropeans
a. PortuguesevsBritish
i.
Portugal:Goa
ii.
BEIC:Bombay
b. Mughalemperorswereannoyedbutallowedtrade,
thoughtEuropeanswere
relativelyharmless

Africa
1. Songhai
a. Islamic
state,economictiestoMuslimworld
b. goldandsalt
c. centraladministration
d. Timbuktu:
majorIslamiccenter
e. felltoMoroccanswithmuskets
2. Kongo
a. tradewith
Portuguese
(1480s)
b. KingAlfonso
c. convertedto
RomanCatholicism
d. PortuguesedesireforslaveswardeclineofKongo
3. Angola
a. Portuguese
wantedslavesAngolabecomespowerful
b. QueenNzinga
ledbattlefor40yearswhenPortugalwantedtotakemore
control
c. lostduetosuperiorweaponry

MingDynasty
(13681644)
1. kickedoutMongols
a. subsidizedChineseculture
2. centralizedgovernment(Confucian),reinstated
civilserviceexamination
3. ZhengHe
:ChineseNavigator
a. IndianOcean,Africa
b. afterwards:
isolationist
4. changed
papermoneytosilver
a. Spanishsilver=inflation
5. Europeanswantedtocome,Mingdidntwant
6. cropsfromNewWorld
increasedpopulationbutwasntsustainable
7. famine
peasantrevolts
MingaskQingforhelpQing/Manchutakeover

Qing/ManchuDynasty

(16441911)

1. notChinese
,wantedtoremainelite
a. preventedintermarrying,forbidlearninglanguage
2. civilserviceexamination
3. appreciatedChineseculture
a. EmperorKangxi,Qianlong
4. strictlycontrolledtradewithEurope
a. Canton
b. Europeanswantedtea,silk,porcelain
c. merchantmiddleclass

Japan
1. shogunsrule,Emperor=figurehead
a. daimyopowerdecreased
2. Christianmissionaries
inNagasaki
3. BUTTHEN:
TokugawaShogunate
(1600)=
Edo
Period
a. strict,rigidgovernment
b. tookpowerawayfromdaimyosandEmperor
4. socialclassmodel(castesystem)
a. movementamongclassesforbidden
5. Christianspersecuted,Portuguesesailorsmurdered=
OFFLIMITS
6. Japaneseculturethrived
Renaissance
a. Kabukitheater,haiku

Women
1. ElizabethI
,Isabella,QueenNzdinga
a. consideredpropertyofhusbands
2. racialcategoriesandmarriagerestrictions
3. Africanslavemigrations=disproportionatenumberofwomen
a. alreadymatriarchalpolygyny
4. Christiansocietiesforbidmultiplemarriagesmarriage=goalofallwomen
5. AfricaandNativeAmericans:oldwomenrespected
6. NeoConfucianism
a. footbinding
b. womeneducated(sotheyknowtheirplace)
7. ChristianityandBuddhism=monasticlifestyle

PERIOD5:17501900

AmericanRevolution
1.
2.
3.
4.

FrenchvsBritishinFrenchandIndianWar(=SevenYearsWar)
Britishtaxedunfairly
,Americancolonistshad
nogovernmentalrepresentation
ThomasPaine:
CommonSense
Americanssigned
DeclarationofIndependence
a. printingpresshelpeddistribute
5. Francesubsidized
6. Later:MexicanAmericanWar=MexicolosesterritorytoUS

FrenchRevolution
1. Causes
a. Francewasin
debt
:WarofSpanishSuccession,SevenYearsWar
b. droughts
famines
2. LouisXVIhadtocall
EstatesGeneral
toraisetaxes
a. hadntmetin175years
b. 3Estates:
i.
First:Clergy
ii.
Second:Nobility
iii.
Third:everyoneelse
1. bourgeoisie(influentialmiddleclass)
3. lockedThirdEstateoutdeclaredthemselvesNationalAssembly
a. stormedBastille
b. DeclarationoftheRightsofMan
c. abolishedfeudalsystem,freedomofworship
d. royalfamilytakentoParis
e. wanted
constitutionalmonarchy
4. Convention
=newrulingbody

5.

6.
7.

8.
9.

a. AustriansandPrussiansinvadedFrance,Kingencouragedbeheadedfor
treason
b. abolishedmonarchyFrance=republic
c. ledby
Jacobins(radicals)
CommitteeofPublicSafety
a. MaximilienRobespierre
b. guillotinedthousands
Directory(5men)
NapoleonBonaparte
gainedcontrol
a. normalizedrelationswithChurch
b. toleranceandstability
c. rulesoflaw
d. conquered
Austria,Prussia,Spain,Portugal,Italy
e. dissolvedHRE
wantedto
attackRussiainwinter,failed
a. lost,exiled(cameback),anddied
CongressofVienna
a. Britain,Russia,AustroHungary
b. Klemens
vonMetternich
c. Goals
i.
restoredpreNapoleonicborders
ii.
reseatedmonarchs
iii.
balanceofpowers

LatinAmericanIndependenceMovements
1. Haiti
a. Frenchexportedcoffee,sugar,cocoa
b. largeplantations,hundredsofthousandsofslaves
c. PierreToussaintLOuvertureledviolent,lengthy,slaverevolt
d. Napoleonsoldiersdiedofyellowfever
e. JacquesDessalines:formerslave,declaredhimselfgovernorgeneral
2. SouthAmerica
a. Napoleoninvades
colonistsstayloyaltoSpanishking
b. appointowngovernor,SimonBolivar
i.
declaresindependencefromSpainSpaindeclarescivilwar
ii.
Gran

Colombia
independencesplitsup
c. Argentina:JosedeSanMartin(creolewholedArgentinianarmiestofreedom)
3. Brazil
a. Portuguesekingflees
Napoleon,goestoBrazil
b. livestherealongtime,leaves
son
PedroIaskingofBrazil

i.
declaresindependence
ii.
constitution
c. PedroII:
abolishesslaverylandowningclassrevolts

4. Mexico
a. MiguelHidalgo:creolepriestwholeadsafailedrevoltagainstSpain
i.
executed
b. JoseMorelos:anotherpriestleadsrevolution,landowningclassexecuteshim
c. TreatyofCordoba:
Mexicoisgrantedindependence
5. CatholicChurchstillpowerful
6. Stillhadslaves
7. economiesstilldependentonEurope

IndustrialRevolution
1. AgriculturalRevolution
a. halfofpopulationincities
b. potatoes,corn
c. croprotation
(leavingoflandfallow)
d. enclosure:
previouslypubliclandsenclosedbyfencesprivateproperty,
privategain
e. newmachines,chemicalfertilizers
f. urbanization:
citiesdevelopedinareaswhereresources(coal,iron,water,
railroads)wereavailable
2. TechnologicalInnovations
a. domesticsystem:
middlemenbroughtwomenrawmaterials,theymadeinto
product,middlemenboughtitback
b. spinningjenny:spunvastamountsofthread
c. steamengine:
industryandtransportationpower
i.
improvedby
JamesWatt
d. CharlesDarwin:evolutionbynaturalselection
i.
ledtosocialDarwinism
3. interchangeableparts
4. assemblyline
5. workersunderpaid,overworkedchildlabour
a. fumes,alldayeveryday
6. Effectonfamily:
a. newlivingarrangementsremovedworkersfromfamilies
b. youngmenand
womencouldbeindependent
c. middleclassleisureactivities
d. upperclasswomenexpectedtobedainty
7. Economicphilosophies
a. AdamSmith:
capitalism
b. KarlMarx:communism
8. Luddites:destroyedmachinestoprotestworkingconditions
9. FactoryActof1883:
madeworkingconditionscleanerandsafer
a. labourunions:bargainedforbetterworkingconditionsorelse:strike
10. socialmobility

11. menearnedmoremoneywomenleftfactoriesorganizedtoincreasecollective
influence
12. EuropeansmigratedtoN/SAmerica
a. pogroms
/antisemetism

LeadinguptoImperialism
1. factoriesrequirednaturalresources
a. cottonandrubberhadtobeimportedbecausetheydontgrowinWEuropean
climates
2. Europecolonizednationsoneveryothercontinent
a. colonies=wealthandpower
3. socialDarwinism:
dominantracesorclassesofpeoplerosetothetopthrougha
processofsurvivalofthefittest
a. moralobligation

ImperialisminIndia
1. had
tradedwithEuropeforalongtime
a. tea,sugar,silk
2. MughalEmpire=weak
a. HindusvsMuslims
fightingalot
3. BritishEastIndiaCompany
a. RobertClive
b. exclusivetradingrights
c. corporatetroops
conquered
4. SepoyMutiny
a. Sepoys:
IndianswhoworkedforBritsassoldiers
b. hadto
bitebeef/porkcoatedbullets
i.
violationofHinduismandIslamrebelled
c. BritaintookIndiaawayfromBEIC
d. exiledlastMughalruler
e. QueenVictoria=Empress
5. rawmaterialsBritain=productsIndianmarkets
6. WesternizedIndia
a. roads,irrigation,canals,Christianity
7. IndianNationalCongress
:wantedindependence

ImperialisminChina
1. Britishtradersintroduced
opium
=everyoneaddicted
2. Qingwantedtolimit,Britishdontwant
OpiumWars
a. unequaltreaties(TreatyofNanjing)
3. EveryonerealizesQingareweak,
internalrebellions
a. WhiteLotusRebellion:Buddhistmonks

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.

b. TaipingRebellion:
guythoughthewasJesusbrother,millionsdie
ChinalostcontrolofVietnamtoFrench
forcedtograntJapantradingrightsandManchuria
spheresofinfluence:
notquitecolonies,areasinwhichEuropeanpowersinvested
heavily,builtmilitarybases,businesses,transportation
OpenDoorPolicy:
USAdemandsequaltradingrightstoallimperialpowers
BoxerRebellion:
antiManchu,antiEuropean,antiChristianwanttokick
Westerners/JapaneseoutofChina
a. Qingaskforeignersforhelpdebt
Qing
inquick
decline

JapaneseImperialism
1. keptawayEuropeans
ethnocentric
2. CommodoreMatthewPerry
comesonsteamboat
a. Japanrealizeshowbehindtheyare
b. unequaltreaties
3. MeijiRestoration:
daimyohelped
changepowerfromTokugawaShogunateto
Emperor
a. developednationalidentitywonoverRussiaandChina
b. became
imperialpoweritself
c. privatecorporations
d. factories,urbanization,
industrialization

AfricanImperialism
1. littleinteresttoEuropeansbeforeIndustrialRevolution
2. W,coastalAfricatradedwithPortugalduring141500s
3. centerofslavetrade
a. abolishedearly1806
b. formerAmericanslavesinLiberia
4. SouthAfrica
a. Before1860s:
DutchsettledCapeTown
aspitstopforships
i.
developedidentity:
Boers
/Afrikaners,Afrikaans
b. 1800:
Britishseize
CapeTown
i.
Boersgoon
GreatTrektoTransvaal
c. Boers
discovergold/diamondsBritishwantBoerWars
i.
SouthAfricaannexed
ii.
nativeshadnosay
5. Egypt
a. technically
b. under
Ottoman
controluntil1880s
i.
localrulersactuallyhadmorepower

c. MuhammadAli
gainedindependencein1805(exclusivecontrol,technically
Ottoman)
i.
industrialized,exportedcotton
d. constructionof
SuezCanal
i.
soldstocksBritainboughtthem,controlled
e. protectorate
:Britishcolony,Egyptiansinpower
6. BerlinConference
a. OttovonBismarck
b. decidedwhogetswhatinAfrica
i.
noregardstoculturalboundariesdifficultforAfricanstoorganize
resistance
c. strippedAfricaofnaturalresources
d. everycolony(exceptBritain)exerciseddirectcontrol
i.
allowednativestorulethemselves

NationalistMovements
1. Italy
a. smallerkingdoms
wantedtojointogether
b. VictorEmmanuelII
(Sardinia):removedAustrians
c. slowly
kickedoccupiersout
2. Germany
a. OttovonBismarck=PrimeMinister
(thereisstillanEmperor)
b. a
nnexedmostGermanprincipalities
(exceptCatholic)
c. provokesFrench
FrancoPrussianWar
:allieswithprincipalities
i.
PrussianKingcrownedEmperorofSecondReich

Russia
1. absolutepowerto
Romanovczars
2. mostpeopleserfswithnorights
3. AlexanderII:EmancipationEdict
a. abolishedserfdom
b. didnthavesamefactoryreformsasW=lifesucks
c. assassinatedbygroupcalled
ThePeoplesWill
4. Russification:
everyonelivinginRussiaexpectedtolearnRussian,convertto
OrthodoxChristianity
a. Jewspersecuted

OttomanEmpire
1.
2.
3.
4.

foughtwithRussians
forcontrolof
Balkans
Greece,Egypt,Arabia:
successfulindependencemovements
BritainandFrancesupported
OttomanstopreventRussianexpansion
CrimeanWar(1853):RussiawantedcontroloverOttomanOrthodoxcitizens

U.S.ForeignPolicy
1.
2.
3.
4.

MonroeDoctrine:
ifEuropetriestorecolonizeAmericas,USwilldefend
RooseveltCorollary:
USwillinterfere
infinancialdisputesbetweenLAandEu
supportedrevolutiontobuild
PanamaCanal
SpanishAmericanWar:
a. gainedGuam,PuertoRico,Philippines
Worldpower

PERIOD5:1900Present

WorldWar1Era
1. PreWarAlliance
a. TripleAlliance:
Germany,AustroHungary,Italy
b. TripleEntente:
France,Britain,Russia
c. SchlieffenPlan:
invadeFrancethroughBelgium
2. TroubleintheBalkans
a. Slavicareasbegantowintheirindependence
b. RussiaalliedwithSerbia
c. ArchdukeFranzFerdinand
(AH)visitedSarajevo
assassinated
by
Serbian
AHdeclarewaronSerbia

Russia
allies,
declareswaronAH
TripleEntente/Alliancejoinin
i.
Italybacksout
ii.
Central

Powers
:Ottomans,Germany,AH
3. WorldWar1
a. USdidntgetinvolveduntilGermanskill100USAonsubmarine
i.
Zimmermanntelegram
:Mexicowantedtojoin,getbackTexas
b. trenchwarfare
,planes,tanks
c. 20million
civiliansdied
d. Governmentstookoverindustry
i.
womenworkedinfactoriessuffrage
4. TreatyofVersailles
a. Germany
i.
hastopayreparations
ii.
downsizearmy
iii.
releaseterritory
b. WilsonsFourteenPoints
c. LeagueofNations:
jointcouncilofnations,preservepeace

RussianRevolution

1. NicholasII
2. peacefulprotestorsfiredon=BloodySunday
3. Duma:
politicalbodytorepresentRussianpeople
a. ignored
4. Russia
sufferinginWW1
CzarNicholasforcedto
abdicate
5. provisionalgovernment
a. wantedwaragainstGermany
6. Bolsheviks(soviets)
a. ledby
VladimirLenin
b. tookcontrolofgovernment
c. signedtreatywithGermany
7. counterrevolutionsbrokeout(alsowantedtorulethemselves)
a. created
RedArmy(ledbyLeonTrotsky)

EndofOttomans,BeginningofModernTurkey
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ataturk
ledsuccessfulmilitarycampaignagainstGreeks
overthrewOttomansultan
firstpresident(
secular
)
Westernized
a. ArabicLatinletters
b. parliament

WorldWar2Era

USSRunderStalin
1. NewEconomicPolicy
a. institutedbyLenin
2. JosephStalin
tookcontrolafterLenindied
3. 5YearPlans
a. collectivization:
takingoverprivatefarmsandcombiningtheminto
stateownedenterprizes
i.
peoplediedfightingforfarms
b. nationalizedfactories
4. reliedon
terrortactics
5. GreatPurge:
governmentkilledoffenemies

GreatDepression
1. financialheadquartersshiftedfromLondontoNYC
a. FrancehadlentCzarmoney,Bolsheviksrefusedtopayback
b. GermanyusedAmericanCredittopayFranceback
2. Stockmarketcrashed1929felteverywhere
a. ofAmericansandGermansunemployed

3. FranklinRooseveltelected

Fascism
1. destroywillofindividualinfavorofthepeople
a. unconcernedwithprivatepropertyorclassdistinction
b. racial

identity
2. Italy
a. Benito
Mussolini
b. Blackshirts:
terrorizingsquad
c. convincedkingtomakeMussoliniprimeminister
d. completelytookoverparliamentin1922
e. expansionist:NAfrica

RiseofHitler
1. emperorabdicated
2. WeimarRepublic:
fairlyconservativedemocraticrepublic
3. Nazisrosetopower
a. electedbody:Reichstag
4. AdolfHitler
a. inspiredextremenationalism
b. socialDarwinism:
AryanraceisbestJewsandSlavs=inferior
c. 1933:electedChancellor

ThirdReich
5. begantorebuildmilitary
6. Francisco
FrancotookcontrolofmostofSpain
a. GermanyandItalysupported
7. HitlertookbackRhineland,annexedAustria
a. MunichConference:
givenSudetenland,ifHitlerstops
i.
appeasement
b. continuestoexpand
8. NaziSovietPact:
GermanywontinvadeifRussiastaysoutofmilitarybusiness
a. GermanyinvadesPolandBritaindeclareswar,Francejoins

JapanImperialism/Nationalism
1. WW1:Japan
sentChinademands
a. tradingrights,controlofgovernment/economy
2. 1920s:focusedoninternaldevelopments
3. 1930:
JapaninvadesManchuria
4. signs
CominternPact:against
(Russian)
communism
withGermany
5. JapanesetroopsinvadeChina
a. pillage,rape,slaughter,
RapeofNanjing

WorldWar2
1. blitzkrieg:Germansdestroyedeverythingintheirway

2. StalinforcedtojoinafterGermanytakestoomuchofPoland
3. GermanyinvadesFrance
4. WinstonChurchill
a. GermanybombsBritain
b. useradartokeepout
5. ItalyattacksGreece,GermanybreaksNaziSovietPactinvadesRussia
6. JapaninvadesIndochina
7. JapanbombsPearlHarbourUSAgetsinvolved
8. ManhattanProject:nuclearbomb
9. DDay:EnglishandAmericansinvadeNormandybeaches
10. RedArmywinagainstGermans
11. Advanceinwards,meetinBerlin
a. Hitlershootshimself
12. Japandoesntgiveup
a. Trumansends2atomicbombs:HiroshimaandNagasaki
13. Holocaust
a. FinalSolution
b. millionsofJews,Gypsies,Slavs,homosexuals,disabledkilled
14. Germanyoccupiedanddivided,Japanforcedtodemilitarizeandestablisha
democracy
15. MarshallPlan:USAgavemoneytohelpEuropeancountriesrebuild
16. Womenkeptjobs,soughthighereducation
17. Internationalorganizations:
a. UnitedNations:mediate,interveneininternationaldisputesbetweennations
b. WorldBank

ColdWarEra

PostWorldWar1
1. YaltaandPotsdamConferences
:dividedGermany/Berlin
a. spheresofinfluence
2. SovietswantedallofBerlinBerlinBlockadeBerlinAirlift
3. Sovietbloc:EastGermany,Poland,Czechoslovakia,Romania,Hungary
a. Yugoslavia:communist,moreindependent
b. WarsawPact
4. Westernbloc:WestGermany,Britain,France,Italy,Belgium,theNetherlands,
Norway,Greece,Turkey(eventually)
a. NATO
5. Trumandoctrine:
USAwouldhelpcountriesthreatenedbycommunists
6. space/weaponsrace

CommunistChina
1. SunYatSen
leads
ChineseRevolutionin1911
a. ThreePrinciplesofthePeople:
i.
nationalism,socialism,democracy
b. onepoliticalparty=KMT
2. KMTweakensduring1920s30s
3. CommunistsalliedwithSovietUnion
4. USAsupportedantiJapan
5. Chinesecivilwar
continued:KMTvscommunists
6. MaoZedong
a. ralliedpeasants
7. Taiwan:RepublicofChina(KMTfled)
8. Continent:PeoplesRepublicofChina(1949)
9. MaoZedong
a. nationalizedindustry
b. GreatLeapForward:
hugecommunesandhighquotaslocalgovernments
couldntmeetthemliedaboutproductiontogovernmentmillionsstarved
c. RussiastoppedsupportingChina(werentfollowingorders(
d. atomicbomb
e. CulturalRevolution:
discourageanythingapproachingprivilegedclass,
educatedprofessionalssenttoworkoncollectivefarms
i.
universitiesshutdown
10. DengXiaoping
a. allowedlimitedbusiness,foreigninvestment
b. communesdone,stillquotasthatneedtobemet
c. TiananmenSquaremassacre:
protestorsfiredon

Korea
1. divideupKorea
a. SovietsgetNorth,USAgetsSouth
2. KoreanWar
a. NattacksS
b. UNbacksS,ChinabacksN
c. armisticein1953,38thparallel
3. SKorea:westernized,economicpowerhouse
4. NKorea:communist,totalitarian,
isolationist,
massivefoodshortages,weirdruler
a. KimJongIl,KimJongUn
b. nuclearbomb

Vietnam
1. hadbeen
Indochina(ownedbyFrance)
,
conqueredbyJapan
duringWW2
a. Japanesekickedout
2. HoChiMinh
a. leadcommunists(North)
3. Southverycorrupt
4. NinvadesS
FranceandUSAgetinvolved
5. HoChiMinhsupportedguerillas(
Vietcong
)
a. takecontrolofS
6. USAloses

Cuba
1. USAfundedcorruptBatistadictatorship
a. investedlotsofmoney
2. Fidel

Castro
ledpeasantrevolt
a. became
communistdictator
b. nationalizedindustry,executedrivals
3. USAembargoed
4. Kennedy
BayofPigs
:USAprovidedrebelswithweapons,failed/embarrassing
5. CubanMissileCrisis
a. USAspyplanesseemissilesinCuba
b. SUwillremovemissilesifUSAdoesntinvadeCuba
6. lostmainfinancialbankerwhenSUcollapse(1990s)
7. Castroheldontopower,gaveittobrotherin2000s

LatinAmerica
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

radicalparties
USA=Goodneighbor
USAdistractedbyWW,LAexplored
Mexicohadoneparty
a. 2partiessince2000
USAbackedNicaraguananticommunistdictator
exporteconomies
a. reliantoncoffee,cocoa,fruit,sugar,oil
2000:risingoilprices,tradeagreements
ChileandBrazil=risingeconomies

FallofCommunismPolamd
1. Poland
a. 1980s:workersbegananticommunistmovement

b. ledby
LechWalesa
i.
laterelectedpresident
2. 1990:communistpartyfell
3. joinedNATOandEU

GermanReunification
1.
2.
3.
4.

scaredunitedGermany=nationalistic
walltorndown
,peopleflockedtoW
highunemployment,hardtoreunify
economicpowerhouseofEurope

SovietUnionCollapses
1. Mikhail
Gorbachev
:institutedpoliciesofopennessandrestructuring
a. addedelementsofprivateenterprise
b. denouncedGreatPurge
2. Satellitesdeclaredindependence
a. Ukraine,Belarus,Georgiaindependent
3. Ethniccleansing:
ChristianSerbiansraped/slaughteredBosnianandAlbanian
Muslims

DemocracyandAuthoritarianRussia
1. Technically,federalstatewith3branches
a. actually,very
corrupt
2. highunemployment,widespreadcrime,corruption
3. BorisYeltsin
:firstpresident
4. exKGB
VladimirPutin

a. authoritarian
b. 2000now(PrimeMinisterandPresident)

IndependencemovementsinAsiaandAfrica

IndianSubcontinent
1.
2.
3.
4.

IndianNationalCongress:
increaserightsundercolonialrule
MuslimLeague:
advancecausesofIslamicIndians
Amritsarmassacre:
peacefulprotestorsfiredon
MohandasGandhi
a. passiveresistance
:stageddemonstrations,refusedtohelp
b. boycotts,strikes,saltfactories,homespun
c. assassinatedbyradicalHindu
5. MuslimvsHinduviolencekeptincreasing

6. grantedindependenceafterWW2
7. JinnahwantedtomakePakistanseparatecountry
a. forcedmigrations
b. Bangladesh
c. stillproblemsatborder(
Kashmir
)

Africa
1. AfricansfoughtforcolonialpowersinWW2shouldbefree
2. SouthAfrica
a. UnionofSouthAfricain1912
i.
ownconstitution
ii.
selfrule,whitemencouldvote
b. AfricanNationalCongress
3. Egypt
a. GeneralNassernationalizedSuezCanal
4. SubSaharan
a. strippedofresources
b. uneducated,fewskillednatives
c. boundarieshadbeenmadeupbyEuropeans
d. Kenya:JomoKenyattaledcoffeeplanterrevoltnegotiatedconstitution
e. BelgianCongo:
civilwars
5. RwandanGenocide
a. Tutsi(minority)governHutu(majority)
b. civilwarassoonasEuropeansleft
c. millionsdead,2millionrefugees
6. Apartheid
a. BritishandBoer
b. blacksexcludedfrompolitics
c. residentialsegregation
d. minority(whites)governblacks(majority)
e. homelands
:setaside,passes
f. Nelson

Mandela
ledAfricanNationalCongressarrested
g. Sharpeville

massacre
h. 1994:apartheidabolished,NMpresident

TheMiddleEast
1. fallofWW1:dividedintoBritishandFrenchspheresofinfluence
2. SaudiArabiaunitedaskingdom

IsraelPalestineConflict
1. Zionists
:jewishnationalists
2. BalfourDeclaration:
BritainpromisedhomelandforJews,cantdisplacePalestinians

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

BritaingainsPalestine
Jewsemigrated(pogroms/Hitler)
1948:
UNmakes2separatestates
ArabcountriesattackIsraelIsraelgetalotoflandPalestinianshomeless
SixDaysWar:Israelgetsevenmoreterritory
a. Jerusalemisholysightforboth
b. Israelgiveslandbackto
Egypt

onlyArabstatetoacknowledgerightto
exist
8. PalestinianLiberationOrganization(PLO):
reclaimland,terrorism
a. suicidebombings
9. Israelbuilt
wall
betweenWestBankandIsrael
10. ceasefirein2005signedbybothsidesleaders
11. cantdisagree/seevalidityinothersreasoning
12. Hamas
a. openlysupportterrorism
13. SyriaLebanonIsraelborder

IranianRevolution
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

oilwealthcreatedconflictbetweenIslamicvaluesandmodernwesternmaterialism
USsupportedShah
IraniannationalistskickedShahout
UShelpedrestoreShah(scaredofSoviets)
Tehran:modernized,westernized
a. millionslivedinpoverty
b. womenqualityoflifewasgood
6. AyatollahKhomeini
opposedwesterninfluence
a. womenrightsdecreased!
7. tookUSembassyhostagesforoverayear
8. ShariaLaw
a. Shia

Oil
1. MiddleEasthaveofknownoilreserves
2. sethighpricesasagroup

Globalizationsince1980

PersianGulfandSaddamHussein
1. IraqwantedKuwaitbecauseithadoilinvadedUSrespondedPersian
GulfWar
2. 2003:USousted
SaddamHussein
ofpower
a. brutaldictator
3. Iraqigovernment=proportionalparliament

Taliban,AlQaeda,OsamabinLaden
1. 1980s:Afghanistanincivilwar
a. anticommunists(+Whelp)vsSovietshelpingmilitaryleader
2. newpower:
Taliban
a. protectedAlQaeda/OsamabinLaden
i.
9/11

WorldTrade
1. NAFTA
2. EU
a. Eurozone
3. G8:economicallyadvancedcountries

Indian/ChineseEconomic

Rise

1. Dengcreated
specialeconomiczones
ofcapitalism
a. majorexporter
b. Olympics
c. risingmiddleclassandcapitalistcompanies
d. monitorinternetuse
2. India
a. largestdemocracy
b. privatizedindustries
c. highlyeducatedSiliconValley
3. Both
a. dealingwithneighbors(Pakistan,NKorea)
b. poverty
c. relationswithWestern

EnvironmentalChange
1. Greenrevolution
:chemicalfertilizers,pesticides,GMOhurtingsoil,deforestation
2. Waterandoil
resourcesdecreasingmoreexpensive
3. Globalwarming

HealthCrisis
1. AIDS
(subSaharanAfrica)
a. 25%ofadults
Computer
1. ArabSpringinfluencedbysocialmedia
Women
1. gainedrighttovote
inmostcountriesatstartof1900s
a. MEdonothaverighttovote
b. accesstopoliticalpowerinAfrica/Asiancountries=limited
2. China:
onechildpolicy
femaleinfanticide,mandatorysterilization,abortion
3. Birthcontrolavailable,birthratesdropped