CPR LESSON

November 16-20
Health
Coach J

CPR History
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, commonly known

asCPR, is anemergency procedureperformed in an

effort to manually preserve intact brain function until
further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood
circulation and breathing in a person who is incardiac arrest.
It isindicatedin those who are unresponsive with no
breathing or abnormal breathing.

What is Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest, also known ascardiopulmonary

arrestorcirculatory arrest, is a sudden stop in effective blood

circulation due to failure of theheartto contract effectively or at all
A cardiac arrest is where blood flow to the muscle of the
heart is impaired.
Arrested blood circulation prevents delivery
ofoxygenandglucoseto the body. Lack of oxygen and glucose to
the brain causesloss of consciousness, which then results
inabnormal or absent breathing

Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest is amedical emergencythat, in certain

situations, is potentially reversible if treated early.

Unexpected cardiac arrest can lead to death within minutes:
this is calledsudden cardiac death (SCD).The treatment
for cardiac arrest is immediate defibrillationif a
"shockable" rhythm is present, whilecardiopulmonary
resuscitation(CPR) is used to provide circulatory support
and/or to induce a "shockable" rhythm.

History
CPR dates back to the 17 century.
In the 19th century, Doctor H. R. Silvester described a method
th

(The Silvester Method) of artificial respiration in which the

patient is laid on their back, and their arms are raised above
their head to aid inhalation and then pressed against their
chest to aid exhalation

Continued
A second technique, called the Holger Nielsen technique, described in

the first edition of theBoy Scout Handbookin the United States in

1911, was a form of artificial respiration where the person was laid
face down, with their head to the side, resting on the palms of both
hands.
However, it was not until the middle of the 20th century that the wider
medical community started to recognize and promote artificial
respiration combined with chest compressions as a key part of
resuscitation followingcardiac arrest.

Errors and Corrections

Artificial respirationwas combined with chest

compressions based on the assumption that active

ventilation is necessary to keep circulating blood
oxygenated, and the combination was accepted
without comparing its effectiveness with chest
compressions alone. However, research over the past
decade has shown that assumption to be in error, resulting in
theAHA's acknowledgment of the effectiveness of chest
compressions alone

Chance of receiving CPR in time

CPR is likely to be effective only if commenced within 6

minutes after the blood flow stopsbecause permanent brain

cell damage occurs when fresh blood infuses the cells after
that time, since the cells of the brain become dormant in as
little as 46 minutes in an oxygen deprived environment and,
therefore, cannot survive the reintroduction of oxygen in a
traditional resuscitation.

ABC CAB
In 2010, theAmerican Heart AssociationandInternational

Liaison Committee on Resuscitationupdated their CPR

guidelines. The importance of high quality CPR (sufficient rate
and depth without excessively ventilating) was emphasized.
The order of interventions was changed for all age
groups exceptnewbornsfromairway, breathing, chest
compressions (ABC)to chest compressions, airway,
breathing (CAB).

CPR& Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA)

Fact Sheet

Anyone can learn CPR and everyone should! Sadly, 70

percent of Americans may feel helpless to act during a
cardiac emergency because they either do not know
how to administer CPR or their training has significantly
lapsed. This alarming statistic could hit close to home,
because home is exactly where 88 percent of cardiac arrests
occur.Put very simply: The life you save with CPR is
mostly likely to be someone you love.
Dont be afraid; your actions can only help.If you see an
unresponsive adult who is not breathing or not
breathing normally,call 911 and push hard and fast on
the center of the chest.

WHO CAN YOU SAVE WITH CPR?

The life you save with CPR is mostly likely to be a loved one.
Four out of five cardiac arrests happen at home.
WHY TAKE ACTION?
Failure to act in a cardiac emergency can lead to unnecessary deaths.
The American Heart Association trains more than 12 million people in
CPR annually, to equip Americans with the skills they need to perform
bystander CPR.

WHY LEARN CPR?

Cardiac arrests are more common than you think, and they can happen to
anyone at any time.
Nearly 383,000 out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrests occur
annually, and 88 percent of cardiac arrests occur at home.
Sudden cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack.
Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when electrical impulses in the heart become
rapid or chaotic, which causes the heart to suddenly stop beating.
A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is
blocked. A heart attack may cause cardiac arrest.

 Less than 1/3 of those people who experience a cardiac arrest

at home, work or in a public location have CPR performed on

them. Most bystanders are worried that they might do
something wrong.
On October 28, 2009 The American Heart Association and theAd
Councillaunched a Hands-Only CPRpublic service
announcementand website as a means to address this issue. In July
2011, new content was added to the website including a digital app
that helps a user learn how to perform Hands-Only CPR

Good Samaritan lawsoffer legal

protection to people who give reasonable
assistance to those who are injured, ill, in
peril, or otherwise incapacitated.
In some cases, Good Samaritan laws encourage
people to offer assistance (duty to rescue).The
protection is intended to reduce bystanders'
hesitation to assist, for fear of being sued or
prosecuted for unintentional injury orwrongful
death.

 The details of good Samaritan laws/acts vary by jurisdiction,

including who is protected from liability and under what

circumstances. Not all jurisdictions provide protection to
people, instead protecting only trained personnel,
such as doctors or nurses and perhaps also emergency
services personnel such as trained police, fire andEMS
workers.

In some jurisdictions, unless a caretaker relationship (such as

a parent-child ordoctor-patient relationship) exists prior to

the illness or injury, or the "good Samaritan" is responsible for
the existence of the illness or injury, no person is required to
give aid of any sort to a victim