N10.1.

homerosis xanis xelovneba

berZnuli xelovnebis ganviTarebis uZveles periods ewodeba homerosis epoqa da
is moicavs XII-VIII ss-ebs. es periodi asaxulia "odiseasa" da "iliadaSi", romelTa avtorad
Zveli berZnebi Tvlidnen legendaurl poets, homeross. swored amitom ewoda am
periods homerosis epoqa.
Cvenamde moRweuli yvelaze adrindeli mxatvruli nawarmoebebia geometriuli
stilis larnakebi. am tipis keramikis ganviTarebaSi or ZiriTad periods gamoyofen. pirveli
moicavs Zv. w. XII-X ss. da protogeometriulis saxeliTaa cnobili. am dros ZiriTadad
gavrcelebulia sada formis da mcire zomis yoveldRiuri saojaxo keramika, romelic
tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT sakmaod erTferovania. aRniSnuli WurWlis Semkulobac sakmaod
sadaa: WurWlis kedlebi yavisferi lakiT sartylebadaa dayofili, xolo lakiT daufaravi
nawilebi Sevsebulia texili xazebiT, wertilebiT da wreebiT. protogeometriuli keramika
Carxzea nakeTebi, rac winamorbedi xanis (e.w. kreta-mikenis epoqis) kulturul
memkvidreobadaa miCneuli. aRniSnuli keramika saberZneTis ramdenime centrSi
mzaddeboda (Tesalia, argolda, kreta, atika).

Zv.w. X saukunidan protogeometriuli

keramika icvleba "namdvili" geometriuli stilis keramikiT. amasTan erTad Cndeba

keramikuli warmoebis axali centrebi (argosi, sikioni, sparta, beotia, fere, melosi),
romelTa nawarmi, miuxedavad mTeli rigi arsebiTi niSnebisa, zogierTi detalebiT
ganirCeva erTmaneTisagan da garkveuli individualobiT xasiaTdeba. gansakuTrebiT did
ayvavebas geometriuli stilis keramikam aTenSi (da saerTod atikaSi) miaRwia.
geometriuli stilis keramikis ayvavebis xanad Zv.w. IX s., gansakuTrebiT ki Zv. w.
VIII s-is pirveli naxevaria miCneuli. am drois WurWeli formebis mixedviT Zalze
mravalferovania: amforebi da kraterebi (upiratesad wagrZelebuli proporciebisa),
sxvadasxvagvari surebi, oinoxoebi, kilikebi, skifosebi, piqsidebi da sxv. zogierTi
WurWlis yuri figuruladaa gaformebuli (sxvadasxva cxovelisa Tu frinvelis gamosaxulebis
saxiT). yoveldRiuri, sayofacxovrebo keramikis gverdiT am dros gvxvdeba agreTve
sanelsacxeble miniaturuli WurWlebi da uzarmazari (zogjer adamianis simaRlis)
WurWlebic, romelTac micvalebulis samarxze dasadgmelad amzadebdnen.
geometriuli keramikis ganviTarebis sul gviandel da umaRles etapze (Zv. w. IXs.
dasasruli-Zv.w. VIII s. pirveli naxevari) Cndeba adamianTa gamosaxulebebic, naxati
silueturia, xolo figura Zalze primitiuladaa gadmocemuli: uzarmazari fexebi profilSia
mocemuli, mokle samkuTxa tani fasSia naCvenebi, xolo saxe profilSia daxatuli.
adamianis amgvari gamosaxuleba geometriuli stilis WurWlebze TiTqmis kanonizebulia
1

(amgvaradaa adamiani yovelgvar pozaSi-mdgomare Tu mwoliare mdgomareobaSi).

moZraoba fexebisa da xelebis JestiTaa gadmocemuli. unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianis
(iseve rogorc cxovelTa da frinvelTa) figurebs geometriuli stilis WurWlis moxatulobaSi
damoukidebeli

mniSvneloba

ara

aqvs

da

isini

saerTo

ornamentaciis

nawils

warmoadgenen. amitomac figurebs Soris Tavisufali sivrce geometriuli saxeebiTaa

Sevsebuli.
adamianis gamosaxulebebiT Semkuli geometriuli stilis WurWlebi pirvelad aTenSi,
dipilonis samarovanze aRmoCnda da amitomac am jgufis WurWlebs dipilonis stilis
keramikas uwodeben. dipilonis WurWlebi sakmaod didi zomisaa. am WurWlebis yeli,
Ziri, tanis qveda da zeda nawilebi geometriuli ornamentiTaa moxatuli, xolo tanis Sua
nawilze ganlagebul sartyelze, micvalebulis datirebis scenaa gamosaxuli: centrSi
katafalkze micvalebulia dasvenebuli, xolo aqeT-iqiT xelapyrobili motiralni. dipilonis
WurWlebze gvxvdeba sxva gamosaxulebanic: samgloviaro procesia, xomaldebi,
sazRvao Tu saxmeleTo brZolis scenebi, ferxuli da sxv.
geometriuli stilis moxatuli keramika adreuli berZnuli mxatvruli kulturis erT-erT
yvelaze ufro TvalsaCino miRwevadaa miCneuli.
homerosis

periodis

skulpturam

Cvenamde

mxolod

mcire

plastikis

saxiT

moaRwia, romelTa umetes nawilsac aSkarad sakulto xasiaTi hqonda. es mcire zomis
qandakebebi, romlebic ZiriTadad RmerTebs an gmirebs gamoxataven, keTdeboda
terakotisgan, spilosZvlisgan an brinjaosgan. beotiaSi napovni terakotas qandakebebi,
romlebic mTlianad ornamentebiTaa dafaruli, gamoirCevian primitiulobiTa da formaTa
daunawevreblobiT. sxeulis zogierTi nawili odnavaa damCneuli, zogierTi ki araTanabrad
gamoweuli. aseTia, magaliTad, mjdomare qalRmerTis figura bavSviT: qalis fexebi
Serwymulia taxtTan, romelzec zis, cxviri uzarmazaria da niskarts mogvagonebs _
ostats srulebiTac ar ainteresebs sxeulis anatomiuri agebulebis gadmocema.
terakotas figurebTan erTad arsebobda brinjaosic. "herakle da kentavri" da "cxeni"
(Zv.w. VIII s.), romlebic olimpiaSia napovni da homerosuli periodis dasasruls
miekuTvnebian, sakmaod cxad warmodgenas gviqmnian RmerTebisTvis miZRvnili
brinjaos am mcire plastikis gulubryvilo primitiulobasa da sqematizmze. e.w. "apolonis"
qandakeba beotiidan (Zv.w. VIII s.) Tavisi gawelili proporciebiTa da figuris saerTo agebiT
mogvagonebs kreta-mikenis xelovnebis adamianTa gamosaxulebebs, Tumca maTgan
mkveTrad gansxvavdeba frontaluri gayinulobiTa da saxisa da sxeulis gadmocemis
sqematuri pirobiTobiT.
2

homerosuli

epoqis

saberZneTis

monumentur

skulpturas

Cvenamde

ar

mouRwevia. maT xasiaTze SegviZlia vimsjeloT Zveli avtorebis aRwerilobis mixedviT.

am skulpturis ZiriTadi tipi iyo e.w. qsoanebi _ xis an qvisgan Sesrulebuli kerpebi,
romlebic, rogorc Cans, warmoadgendnen uxeSad damuSavebul xis svetebs an qvis
blokebs da sruldebodnen odnav damCneuli TaviTa da saxis nakvTebiT. am skulpturebze
garkveul warmodgenas gviqmnian geometriulad gamartivebuli brinjaos RvTaebaTa
gamosaxulebebi, romlebic napovnia kretaze, drerosis taZris gaTxerbis dros, romelic
aaSenes Zv.w. VIII s-Si dorielebma, romlebic ukve manamde didi xniT adre dasaxldnen
am kunZulze.
realur samyarosTan ufro cocxali kavSiris niSnebiT gamoirCeva mxolod terakotas
zogierTi figura beotiidan, romlebic Zv.w. VIII s-s mieuTvnebian. aseTia, magaliTad,
qandakeba, romelzec gamoxatulia mxvneli. gadawyvetis gulubryvilobis miuxedavad,
es jgufi SedarebiT ufro realisturia moZraobis motiviT da naklebad aris dakavSirebuli
homerosis epoqis umoZraobasa da pirobiTobasTan. aseTi tipis gamosaxulebebSi
SeiZleba davinaxoT garkveuli paralelebi imave periodSi Seqmnil hesiodes eposTan,
romelic ganadidebs glexis Sromas, Tumca aqac, saxviTi xelovneba literaturasTan
SedarebiT Zlier CamorCenilad gamoiyureba.
Zv.w. VIII s-s, SesaZlebelia IX-sac ganekuTvnebian adreuli berZnuli arqiteqturis
Zeglebis uZvelesi naSTebi _ artemidas taZari spartaSi; taZari TermosSi, etoliaSi;
drerosis taZari kretaze da sxv. maTSi gamoiyenes mikenuri arqiteqturis zogierTi
tradicia, pirvel rigSi saerTo gegma, megaronis msgavsi. samsxverplo ganTavsebuli iyo
taZris

SigniT.

garedan,

iseve

rogorc

megaronSi,

idgmeboda

ori

kolona.

am

Senobebidan yvelaze Zvelebs hqondaT alizisa da xis karkasisgan aSenebuli kedlebi,

romlebic qvis cokolze idga. Semonaxulia taZris zeda nawilebis keramikuli mopirkeTebis
narCenebi. mTlianobaSi, berZnuli arqiteqtura homerosis epoqaSi Tavisi ganviTarebis
dawyebiT safexurze imyofeboda.