N6.1.

geometriuli stilis keramika

geometriuli stilis ganviTareba axali etapia berZnuli larnakebis ferweraSi, rodesac
kreta-mikenuri tradiciuli repertuari (naturalisturad gadmocemuli mcenareuli zRvis
samyaros flora da fauna) Seicvala wminda geometriuli saxeebiT, rogoricaa meandrebi,
samkuTxedebi da sxva geometriuli motivebi.
geometriuli stilis keramikis Sesaxeb specialur samecniero literaturaSi azrTa
sxvadasxvaobaa. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili uaryofs am keramikis yovelgvar genetikur
kavSirs winamorbedi xanis egeosur (e.w. kreta-mikenur) kulturul tradiciebTan da mas
CrdiloeTidan SemoWrili berZnuli tomebis _ dorielebis motanilad Tvlis. meore nawili
specialistebisa amtkicebs, rom dorielTa Semosevas ar Seusrulebia gadamwyveti roli
axali mxatvruli stilis CamoyalibebaSi da rom geometriuli stilis keramika ganviTarda
adgilobrivi sayofacxovrebo da uxeSi keramikisagan, romelic arsebobda jer kidev kretamikenur xanaSi mxatvrul keramikasTan erTad. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili Tvlis, rom
geometriuli

stilis

keramika

warmoiSva

"kreta-mikenuri"

tradiciebis,

adgilobrivi

keramikisa da doriuli mxatvruli nakadis urTierTSerwymis Sedegad. unda aRiniSnos,

rom am kompromisul Teorias uaxles specialur literaturaSi Zalze skeptikurad uyureben,
miT ufro, rom ukanasknel xanebSi Zlierdeba tendencia dorielTa mxatvruli kulturisa da
misi gavlenis rolis gadasinjvisa. mkvlevarTa azriT, es gavlena metad umniSvnelo unda
yofiliyo, miT ufro geometriuli stilis keramikis CamoyalibebaSi (xazgasmulia is faqti,
rom geometriuli stili gansakuTrebiT ganviTarda aTenSi, romelsac ar ganucdia dorielTa
Semoseva). axali aRmoCenebisa da gamokvlevebis safuZvelze varaudoben, rom
geometriuli stilis keramika adgilobriv niadagzea ganviTarebuli da aq didi roli
egeosurma (kreta, mikeni) kulturulma tradiciebma Seasrules. am epoqaSi keramikuli
mxatvrobis arsebiTi gansxvaveba egeosurisagan SemdegSi mdgomareobs: kretuli
keramikuli nawarmis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba is aris, rom is Tavad cocxali arsebis
STabeWdilebas axdens, minosuri nawarmis nimuSebi TiTqos Cven Tvalwin izrdeba da
pataravdeba, ibereba da iCuteba. geometriuli WurWeli ki pirvel rigSi aRiqmeba rogorc
konstruqcia. is Sedgeba calkeuli nawilebisagan, romelTagan TiToeuli Tavis garkveul
teqtonikur funqcias asrulebs. Tuki kretuli keramika ufro mcenares an zRvis arsebas
mogvagonebs, geometriuli ufro nagebobas, uZrav konstruqcias Camogavs. kretuli
Tavisi formiTa da xasiaTiT TiTqos erwymis garemos, geometriuli ki Caketil, izolirebil
figuras warmoadgens.
1

protogeometriuli stilis keramika

Zv.w. II aTaswleulis dasasrulidan Zv.w. VIII s-is Sua xanebamde saberZneTSi
gavrcelebulia e.w. geometriuli stilis keramika. am tipis keramikis ganviTarebaSi or
ZiriTad periods gamoyofen. pirveli moicavs Zv. w. XII-X ss. da protogeometriulis
saxeliTaa cnobili. am dros ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia sada formis da mcire zomis
yoveldRiuri saojaxo keramika, romelic tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT sakmaod erTferovania
(dabalqusliani Tasebi, mucelgamoberili surebi, amforebi da hidriebi). aRniSnuli WurWlis
Semkulobac sakmaod sadaa: WurWlis kedlebi yavisferi lakiT sartylebadaa dayofili, xolo
lakiT daufaravi nawilebi Sevsebulia texili xazebiT, wertilebiT da wreebiT (isini agreTve
yavisferi lakiTaa gamoyvanili). protogeometriuli keramika Carxzea nakeTebi, rac
winamorbedi xanis (e.w. kreta-mikenis epoqis) kulturul memkvidreobadaa miCneuli.
aRniSnuli keramika saberZneTis ramdenime centrSi mzaddeboda (Tesalia, argolda,
kreta, atika). Zv.w. X saukunidan protogeometriuli keramika icvleba "namdvili"
geometriuli stilis keramikiT.

"namdvili" geometriuli stilis keramika

Zv.w. X saukunidan protogeometriuli keramika icvleba "namdvili" geometriuli
stilis keramikiT. amasTan erTad Cndeba keramikuli warmoebis axali centrebi (argosi,
sikioni, sparta, beotia, fere, melosi), romelTa nawarmi, miuxedavad mTeli rigi arsebiTi
niSnebisa, zogierTi detalebiT ganirCeva erTmaneTisagan da garkveuli individualobiT
xasiaTdeba. gansakuTrebiT did ayvavebas geometriuli stilis keramikam aTenSi (da
saerTod atikaSi) miaRwia.
geometriuli stilis keramikis ayvavebis xanad Zv.w. IX s., gansakuTrebiT ki Zv. w.
VIII s-is pirveli naxevaria miCneuli. am drois WurWeli formebis mixedviT Zalze
mravalferovania: amforebi da kraterebi (upiratesad wagrZelebuli proporciebisa),
sxvadasxvagvari surebi, oinoxoebi, kilikebi, skifosebi, piqsidebi da sxv. zogierTi
WurWlis yuri figuruladaa gaformebuli (sxvadasxva cxovelisa Tu frinvelis gamosaxulebis
saxiT). yoveldRiuri, sayofacxovrebo keramikis gverdiT am dros gvxvdeba agreTve
sanelsacxeble miniaturuli WurWlebi da uzarmazari (zogjer adamianis simaRlis)
WurWlebic, romelTac micvalebulis samarxze dasadgmelad amzadebdnen.

geometriuli stilis keramika gamoirCeva maRali teqnikuri TvisebebiT (daxvewili

formebi, kargad gacrili da damuSavebuli Tixa, Tanabrad gamomwvari keci, maRali
xarisxis laki). WurWlebis Semkulobac, protogeometriulTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT rTulia
da mravalferovanic. moxatuloba sartylebadaa ganlagebuli (danarCeni zedapiri ki
mkrTali Savi an yavisferi lakiTaa dafaruli). ornamentad ZiriTadad gamoyenebulia
geometriuli figurebi: swori da texili xazebi, wertilebi samkuTxedebi, rombebi,
kvadratebi, koncentruli wreebi, sxvadasxva formis jvrebi, nairsaxovani meandri, ufro
gvian gvxvdeba vardulebis, frinvelTa da cxovelTa gamosaxulebani (cxeni, iremi, Txa,
taxi, xari, lomi, Tevzebi, gedi da sxv.).
geometriuli keramikis ganviTarebis sul gviandel da umaRles etapze (Zv. w. IX s.
dasasruli-Zv. w. VIII s. pirveli naxevari) Cndeba adamianTa gamosaxulebebic, naxati
silueturia, xolo figura Zalze primitiuladaa gadmocemuli: uzarmazari fexebi profilSia
mocemuli, mokle samkuTxa tani fasSia naCvenebi, xolo saxe profilSia daxatuli.
adamianis amgvari gamosaxuleba geometriuli stilis WurWlebze TiTqmis kanonizebulia
(amgvaradaa adamiani yovelgvar pozaSi-mdgomare Tu mwoliare mdgomareobaSi).
moZraoba fexebisa da xelebis JestiTaa gadmocemuli. unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianis
(iseve rogorc cxovelTa da frinvelTa) figurebs geometriuli stilis WurWlis moxatulobaSi
damoukidebeli

mniSvneloba

ara

aqvs

da

isini

saerTo

ornamentaciis

nawils

warmoadgenen. amitomac figurebs Soris Tavisufali sivrce geometriuli saxeebiTaa

Sevsebuli.

dipilonis stilis keramika

adamianis gamosaxulebebiT Semkuli geometriuli stilis WurWlebi pirvelad aTenSi,
dipilonis samarovanze aRmoCnda da amitomac am jgufis WurWlebs dipilonis stilis
keramikas uwodeben. dipilonis WurWlebi sakmaod didi zomisaa. am WurWlebis yeli,
Ziri, tanis qveda da zeda nawilebi geometriuli ornamentiTaa moxatuli, xolo tanis Sua
nawilze ganlagebul sartyelze, micvalebulis datirebis scenaa gamosaxuli: centrSi
katafalkze micvalebulia dasvenebuli, xolo aqeT-iqiT xelapyrobili motiralni. dipilonis
WurWlebze gvxvdeba sxva gamosaxulebanic: samgloviaro procesia, xomaldebi,
sazRvao Tu saxmeleTo brZolis scenebi, ferxuli da sxv.
geometriuli stilis moxatuli keramika adreuli berZnuli mxatvruli kulturis erT-erT
yvelaze ufro TvalsaCino miRwevadaa miCneuli.

mcire plastika
homerosis

periodis

skulpturam

Cvenamde

mxolod

mcire

plastikis

saxiT

moaRwia, romelTa umetes nawilsac aSkarad sakulto xasiaTi hqonda. es mcire zomis
qandakebebi, romlebic ZiriTadad RmerTebs an gmirebs gamoxataven, keTdeboda
terakotisgan, spilosZvlisgan an brinjaosgan. beotiaSi napovni terakotas qandakebebi,
romlebic mTlianad ornamentebiTaa dafaruli, gamoirCevian primitiulobiTa da formaTa
daunawevreblobiT. sxeulis zogierTi nawili odnavaa damCneuli, zogierTi ki araTanabrad
gamoweuli. aseTia, magaliTad, mjdomare qalRmerTis figura bavSviT: qalis fexebi
Serwymulia taxtTan, romelzec zis, cxviri uzarmazaria da niskarts mogvagonebs _
ostats srulebiTac ar ainteresebs sxeulis anatomiuri agebulebis gadmocema.
terakotas figurebTan erTad arsebobda brinjaosic. "herakle da kentavri" da "cxeni"
(Zv.w. VIII s.), romlebic olimpiaSia napovni da homerosuli periodis dasasruls
miekuTvnebian, sakmaod cxad warmodgenas gviqmnian RmerTebisTvis miZRvnili
brinjaos am mcire plastikis gulubryvilo primitiulobasa da sqematizmze. e.w. "apolonis"
qandakeba beotiidan (Zv.w. VIII s.) Tavisi gawelili proporciebiTa da figuris saerTo agebiT
mogvagonebs kreta-mikenis xelovnebis adamianTa gamosaxulebebs, Tumca maTgan
mkveTrad gansxvavdeba frontaluri gayinulobiTa da saxisa da sxeulis gadmocemis
sqematuri pirobiTobiT.
realur samyarosTan ufro cocxali kavSiris niSnebiT gamoirCeva mxolod terakotas
zogierTi figura beotiidan, romlebic Zv.w. VIII s-s mieuTvnebian. aseTia, magaliTad,
qandakeba, romelzec gamoxatulia mxvneli. gadawyvetis gulubryvilobis miuxedavad,
es jgufi SedarebiT ufro realisturia moZraobis motiviT da naklebad aris dakavSirebuli
homerosis epoqis umoZraobasa da pirobiTobasTan. aseTi tipis gamosaxulebebSi
SeiZleba davinaxoT garkveuli paralelebi imave periodSi Seqmnil hesiodes eposTan,
romelic ganadidebs glexis Sromas, Tumca aqac, saxviTi xelovneba literaturasTan
SedarebiT Zlier CamorCenilad gamoiyureba.