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6th

Electricity and
Magnetism
(6Se.3)
Science

Standard 6Se.3
Explain how magnetism and electricity are
interrelated by using descriptions, models,
and diagrams of electromagnets,
generators, and simple electric motors.

Magnets have been known for centuries.


The Chinese and Greeks knew about the
magical properties of magnets. The
ancient Greeks used a stone substance
called magnetite. They discovered that the
stone always pointed in the same direction.
Later, stones of magnetite called
lodestones were used in navigation.

Hemochromatosis
- People with this

disease store large


amounts of extra iron
in their body

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://distractible.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/magnetman.jpg&imgrefurl=http://distractible.org/2007/07/17/ask-dr-rob-animalmagnetism/&usg=__Oue_Zbs45fhfyqd7vHsBdwYIaUw=&h=480&w=453&sz=56&hl=en&start=72&um=1&itbs=1
&tbnid=zHOSJZV2XMOW4M:&tbnh=129&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmagnetism%2Bfacts%26start%3
D60%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1

1. MAGNET
Any material or object that produces a
magnetic field; has North & South poles
where the strongest magnetic field occurs.

http://www.o-digital.com/uploads/2179/2200-1/Horseshoe_Magnet_YSE_14_394.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_c4twH_sjx5o/RosYlyBv9yI/AAAAAAAAA
YM/K6rNyltHrpo/s320/magnets-lodestone.jpg

2. MAGNETISM

The force of
attraction or
repulsion of
magnetic
materials.

3. MAGNETIC DOMAINS
*When the atoms
inside certain metals
are lined up in the
SAME North to
South direction.

*(If the atoms are


RANDOM it is not
magnetized.)

How to break a magnet:


1. Drop it

2. Heat it
This causes the domains to
become random again!

4. MAGNETIC FIELD
Surrounding a magnet
is a magnetic field
that applies a force, a
push or pull, without
touching the object.

5. MAGNETIC FIELD LINES


Invisible lines that map
out the magnetic field
around a magnet
They spread out from
the north pole, curve
around the magnet and
enter the south pole

Field Lines Around a Magnetic Sphere

- Magnetic Earth

FYI
Magnetic forces act
at a distance which is
why a compass
works.
Just like a bar
magnet, Earth has a
magnetic field
surrounding it and
two magnetic poles.

Earth as a Magnet

Earths MAGNETOSPHERE

TOP 5
1. The magnetic
field is strongest
at the poles
because the
lines of force are
closer together.
http://www.google.com/imgres

Top 5
2. Like poles repel and unlike poles attract.
N + S = attract
S + N = attract
N + N = repel
S + S = repel

Top 5
3. Magnetic
forces attract
only magnetic
materials like
iron, cobalt, &
nickel.

Top 5
4. An electric current flowing
through a wire wrapped around an
iron core forms a magnet.

Top 5
5. A coil of wire
spinning around
a magnet or
A magnet
spinning around
a coil of wire can
form an electric
current.

EXAMPLES of how magnetism


and electricity are interrelated.

ELECTROMAGNETS
1. An electromagnet forms when a
wire in an electric circuit is
wrapped around an iron core
producing a magnetic field.
It can be made
stronger by:
Increasing the number
of coils or
Increasing the current.

2. The electromagnet . . .
will lose its magnetism if the electric
current stops flowing.

Generators
1. A generator produces an electric current
when a coil of wire wrapped around an
iron core is rotated near a magnet.

2. Generators at power plants


produce electric energy for our homes.

How it Works
3. A generator contains coils of wire that are
stationary, and rotating magnets that are
turned by turbines.

4. Turbines are huge wheels that rotate

when pushed by water, wind, or steam


and so mechanical energy is changed to
electrical energy by a generator

5. Smaller generators may be


powered by gasoline.

ELECTRIC MOTOR
1. An electric motor is a device which changes

electrical energy into mechanical energy.

ELECTRIC MOTOR
2. The three main parts of a simple motor:
An electromagnet (that rotates between
poles of a magnet)
A magnet
A power source (connected to the coil of
the electromagnet.

3. How does an electric motor work?


The coil of the electromagnet is connected
to a source of energy.
When an electric current flows through the
wire in the electromagnet, a magnetic
field is produced.
The like poles of the 2 magnets repel each
other while the 2 unlike poles attract each
other causing the coil to rotate.

How does an electric motor work?

Go to the next slide

Simple as that!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6
h02cw7--SM

Magnets Have Many Uses


- Storing images and sounds on video
and audio tape
- T.V., phones, and radios
- Credit cards
- Maglev trains

http://www.saddleblanket.com/store/media/assist_images/creditcards.gif

http://etumbv.nl/vestipendo/maglev.jpg

http://www.coolflying.com.au/cool_info/images/photos/magnetism/uses_for_magnets.jpg

Maglev Train
NO traditional engine, no pollutants
Uses electricity to power magnets
430km/h, twice as fast as conventional
train

http://www.google.com/imgres

Maglev Train
Depends on magnetic force to move
Magnets bottom of train and in guideway
on the ground have like poles facing each
other
levitation keep train floating 10 mm above
track
Other magnets make train move forward

http://www.google.com/imgres

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