He has cleaned his shoes ( his shoes are clean now) ee e b iF Msi i They are at home. They are going out. ‘They have gone out. ( they are not at home sow) B has cleaned / have gone etc. is che present perfect (have + past participle ast participle i. ican cleaned L cleaned? } we | have (ve finished have | ¥© regular verbs you [ have not (haven’t) | searted ave I vou | started? they lost they | lost? he done ['te. .] donee frregular verbs she hax) been has { been? en hhas not (hasn’e) 2 gone je | gone? ‘Regular vers: The past participle is -ed (the same as the past simple) clean Thave cleaned finish -> we have finished start — she has started regular verbs: The past participle is sometimes the same as the past simple and sometimes different (=> Appendix 2-3). For example: the same: buy > bought / I have bought have > he had / he has had different: break + Lbroke / I have broken see + you saw / you have seen fall > it fell / it has fallen go — they went / they have gone C Weuse the present perfect for an action in she past with a result now: © I've lost my passport. (= I can’t find my passport now) © ‘Where’ Linda?” ‘She's gone to bed! (= she is in bed now) © We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now) (¢s Rachel’ birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present. © ‘Bob is on holiday’ ‘Oh, where has he gone?” © Car I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it? [33] present perfect = present perfect an pase simple = incur verbs =>15.2 EXERCISES Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from: unr 15 gotobed cleanhisshoes stop raining close the door fall down have a bath before how He has cleaned. his. shoes. They 6 The as Complete the sentences with a verb from the lis. break buy decide finish forget go go invite see not/see 1 ‘Can [have this newspaper?” “Yes, Ve. finished. with ic? 21 some new shoes. Do you want ta see them? 3 ‘Where is Liz?” ‘She out? 4 Pm looking for Paula. you hee? 5 Look! Somebody vneenn that Window. 6 7 8 9 “Does Lisa know that you're going away?” "Yes, 1 can't find my umbrella. Somebody it T'm looking for Sarah. Where SHE oeevee ? T know that woman but | her name. 10 Sue is having a party tonight. She alot of people. 11 What are you going to do? you ? 12 ‘Whereare my ghases?”‘Tdon't know. T them? take tell her! 9I’ve just... Pvealready... haven't... yet (present perfect 2) A ve just ... just = a short time ago © Ac Are Diane and Pal Yes, they've just arrived. Are you hungry? No, Pve just had dinner. Is Tom here? No, I'm afta he’s just gone They have just arrived. (€ he has just gone) . E> eee B rvealready ... already = before you expected / before I expected © A: What cime are Diane and Paul coming? B; They've already arrived. (= before you expected) © Is only nine o'clock and Ann has already gone wo bed. (= before I expected) © A: John, this is Mary B: Yes, | know. We've already met. C thaven’t ... yet / Have you ... yet? yet = until now You can use yet in negative sentences and questions, Yet is usually at the end. yet in negative sentences: © A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: No, they haven’t arrived yet. (but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon} © A: Does John know that you're going away? B: No, [haven't told him yet. (but B is going to tell him soon) © Margaret has bought a new dress but she hasn’t ‘worm it yet, yet in questions: © A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? B: No, not yet. We're still waiting for them. © A: Has Linda started her new job yet? B: No, she starts next week A This is my new dress. B: Oh, it’s nice, Have you worn it yet? [40 present pereot => word order >| still, yet and already =>16.2 16.3 EXERCISES Write a sentence with just for each picture, unr ose 1 They've just arrived. & Be es Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect, 1 What time is Paul arriving? 2] Do Sue and Bill want to see the film? 3 Don't forget to phone Tom, 4 ‘When is Martin going away? 5} Do you want to read the newspaper? 6 | When does Linda start her new job? He's already arvived.. No, they it. I He i She . Write a sentence with just (They've just haven't ... yet/She hasn't... yet etc.) She's just ... etc.) ora negative sentence with yet (They alee raises ago (he / go /,out) ‘She, hasn't. gone, out, yet. vio a naw a few Inkinutes ago (hey / kk Fics dine) (it / stop / raining) . Write questions with yet L_ Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her: Haxe you started your new job yet? 3. Your friend muse write a letter. Pethaps she has written it now. You ask her: 2 Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them, You ask him: YOU see 4 Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it now. You ask a friend about Tom: [115.1 2 She has closed the door, 3 They have gone to bed. 4 It has stopped raining, 5 He has had a bath. 6 The picture has fallen down. 15.2 ve bought / have bought *s gone / has gone Have you seen has broken "ve told / have told has taken has she gone *ve forgotten / have forgotten 10 °s invited / has invited 11 Have you decided 12 haven't seen Cenanawny UNT 16.1 2. He’s/He has just got up. 3 They’ve/They have just bought a car. 4 The race has just started. 16.2 2 they’ve/they have already seen At. 3 [’ve/T have already phoned him. 4 He’s/He has already gone (away). Pve/I have already read it. She’s/She has already started (it). 16.3 2 The bus has just gone. 3 The bus hasn’t gone yet. 4 He hasn’t opened it yet. 5 They’ve/They have just ee et au