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ALLOY STEEL
HIGH STRENGTH, LOW ALLOY (HSLA)

PATRICIA
KELOMPOK
3
BAGUS
ALVI
NURUL
AIP
RIJAL

INTRODUCTION
KETERBATASAN BAJA KARBON:
A) A HIGH CRITICAL COOLING RATE WHICH LEADS TO CRACKING WHEN
QUENCHING HARDENING.
B) POOR HARDENABILITY.
C) ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH RENDAH
JIKA DI HEAT TREATMENT ELONGASI RENDAH
TOUGHNESS RENDAH
D) KETAHAHAN KOROSI (CORROSION RESISTANT) RENDAH
KETAHANAN AUS (WEAR RESISTANT) RENDAH
KETAHANAN PANAS (HEAT RESISTANT) RENDAH

 PLAIN CARBON STEEL (NON ALLOYED), NUMBEROF ALLOYING ELEMENTS IS

VERY LIMITED:
MANGANESE: 1.00% MAX
SULFUR 0.05% MAX
PHOSPHORUS 0,04% MAX
SILICON 0,03% MAX

ALLOY STEEL : CAMPURAN ANTARA BAJA KARBON DGN UNSUR-UNSUR LAIN.

PADUAN INI MEMPENGARUHI SIFAT MEKANIK, KECEPATAN MEMBEKU, TITIK
CAIR, DAN BERTUJUAN MEMPERBAIKI KUALITAS DAN KEMAMPUANNYA

WHY ARE METALS TREATED FURTHER AFTER

CASTING?
TO MODIFY THE MICROSTRUCTURE. THE REAL IMPORTANCE OF ALLOYS IS THAT THEY CAN BE
DESIGNED TO HAVE PROPERTIES FOR SPECIFIC USES.
IN THE ALLOY, SOME OF THE ADDED IONS MAY BE LARGER THAN MOST OF THE IONS
MAKING UP THE METAL LATTICE. THEY DISRUPT THE REGULAR ARRANGEMENT OF IONS
AND MAKE IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR THE LAYERS TO SLIDE OVER EACH OTHER. THIS
MAKES THE ALLOY HARDER AND LESS MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE THAN THE PURE
METAL (IN WHICH THE LAYERS SLIP OVER EACH OTHER MORE EASILY).

 IMPROVING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES BY INCREASING THE DEPTH TO WHICH A STEEL CAN

BE HARDENED (HARDENABILITY)
ALLOWS ADVANTAGE OF TEMPERED MARTENSITIC THROUGHOUT
ALLOWS SLOWER QUENCH

TO ALLOW HIGHER TEMPERING TEMPERATURES WHILE MAINTAINING HIGH STRENGTH

AND GOOD DUCTILITY

IMPROVING STRENGTH AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

IMPROVING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH AND LOWTEMPERATURES
IMPROVING CORROSION RESISTANCE AND ELEVATEDTEMPERATUREOXIDATION
IMPROVING SPECIAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS ABRASION RESISTANCE AND FATIGUE BEHAVIOR
IMPROVING MAGNETIC PROPERTY

 PENAMBAHAN UNSUR PADUAN PADA BAJA MEMBERIKAN

PENGARUH YANG SIGNIFIKAN TERHADAP DIAGRAM FASA FE
FE3C

PENGARUH TERSEBUT DAPAT MERUBAH BATAS FASA DAN

UKURAN DAERAH FASA PADA DIAGRAM FASA FE FE3C, HAL
TERSEBUT BERGANTUNG PADA JENIS UNSUR PADUAN DAN

KONSENTRASI UNSUR PADUAN YANG DITAMBAHKAN PADA

BAJA

 FERRIT STABILIZER: BIASANYA FERRIT AKAN BERTRANSFORMASI

MENJADI AUSTENITE PADA SUATU TEMPERATURE TERTENTU,
TEMPERATURE TRANSFORMASI AKAN NAIK

AUSTENITE STABILIZER: UNSUR PADUAN YANG MEMBUAT AUSTENITE

MENJADI LEBIH STABIL PADA TEMPERTATU LEBIH RENDAH.

CARBIDE FORMING ELEMENT: KARBIDA YANG TERBENTUK INI DAPAT

BERUPA KARBIDA SEDERHANA/KOMPLEKS. DENGAN ADANYA KARBIDA,
AKAN MENAIKKAN SIFAT TAHAN AUS

CARBIDE STABILIZER: UNSUR PADUAN YANG MEMBUAT KARBIDA LEBIH

STABIL, TIDAK MUDAH TERURAI/ LARUT KE DALAM SUATU FASE.

NITRIDE FORMING ELEMENT: DENGAN ADANYA NITRIDING, AKAN

MENAIKKAN KEKERASAN.

PENGARUH PADA FERRITE

NICKEL, ALUMINIUM, SILICON, COPPER AND COBALT ARE GROUP 1 ELEMENTS AND
ARE FOUND LARGELY DISSOLVED IN FERRITE.

IN THE ABSENCE OF CARBON, CONSIDERABLE PROPORTIONS OF THE GROUP 2

ELEMENTS WILL BE FOUND DISSOLVED IN FERRITE. MANGANESE, CHROMIUM,
TUNGSTEN, MOLYBDENUM, VANADIUM AND TITANIUM ARE GROUP 2 ELEMENTS. THE
CARBIDE FORMING TENDENCY IS APPARENT ONLY WHEN THERE IS A PRESENCE OF
SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF CARBON.

ANY ELEMENT DISSOLVED IN FERRITE INCREASES ITS HARDNESS AND STRENGTH IN

ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SOLID SOLUTION HARDENING.
THE FIGURE GIVEN BELOW SHOWS PROBABLE HARDENING EFFECT OF THE VARIOUS
ELEMENTS DISSOLVED IN ALPHA IRON.

PENGARUH PADA CARBIDE

ALL CARBIDES FOUND IN STEEL ARE HARD AND BRITTLE, THEIR EFFECT ON THE ROOMTEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES IS SIMILAR REGARDLESS OF THE SPECIFIC
COMPOSITION

CHROMIUM AND VANADIUM CARBIDES ARE OUTSTANDING IN HARDNESS AND WEAR

RESISTANCE

THE HARDNESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF ALLOY STEELS RICH IN CARBIDES ARE IN A
LARGE MEASURE DETERMINED BY THE AMOUNT, SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THESE HARD
PARTICLES. THESE FACTORS, IN TURN, ARE CONTROLLED BY CHEMICAL COMPOSITION,
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AND HEAT TREATMENT.

THE PRESENCE OF ELEMENTS THAT FORM CARBIDES INFLUENCES THE HARDENING

TEMPERATURE AND SOAKING TIME.

THE CARBIDE-FORMING ELEMENTS ARE VERY POWERFUL DEEP-HARDENING ELEMENTS

WHEN THEY ARE DISSOLVED IN AUSTENITE.