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MENTAL CALCULATIONS
These are continuously taught, they are not replaced by
written methods.
The following are a selection of mental calculation
strategies:
Mental recall of number bonds
6 + 4 = 10
25 + 75 = 100
+ 3 = 10
19 + = 20
GRADE 1
Mathematical development depends on becoming
confident and competent in learning and using
key skills. In Grade 1 this is developed through
stories, songs, games and role-play ensuring
children enjoy experimenting with numbers up to
10 - counting, sorting, seeking patterns, making
connections, recognising shapes & numbers and
experimenting with space and measurement.
GRADE 1
Children are encouraged to develop a mental picture of
the number system in their heads to use for calculation.
They develop ways of recording calculations using
pictures, etc.
3+2=5
+1
+1
____________________________________
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Children then begin to use numbered lines to support
their own calculations. For example, using a numbered
line to count on in ones.
8 + 5 = 13
+1 +1 +1 +1
+1
10 11 12 13 14 15
Grade 2
Children will begin to use empty number lines themselves
starting with the larger number and counting on.
First counting on in tens and ones.
34 + 23 = 57
34 + 20 +3 = 57
+10
+10
+1 +1 +1
34
44
54 55 56 57
+10
+3
34
44
54
57
34 + 23 = 57
+20
+3
34
54
57
47
+2
50
52
GRADE 3
Children will continue to use empty number lines with
increasingly large numbers, including compensation where
appropriate.
Count on from the largest number irrespective of
the order of the calculation.
38 + 86 = 124
+30
+4
86
116
+4
120
124
Compensation
49 + 73 = 122
+50
-1
73
122 123
Grade 4
From this, children will begin to carryover the line.
1
625
+ 48
673
11
783
+ 42
825
367
+ 85
452
1 1 1
587
+ 475
1062
3587
+ 675
4262
1 1
1 1 1
1 11
7648
+ 1486
9134
6584
+ 5848
12432
121
42
6432
786
3
+ 4681
11944
Example: 2
267
+ 85
200
140 (60 + 80)
12 (7 + 5)
352
Step: 1
Break or expand the numbers using their place values.
267 = 200 + 60 + 7
85 =
80 + 5
Step: 2
Now add the numbers from the same houses (or) places
200 + 0 = 200 (from the hundreds place)
60 + 80 = 140 (from the tens place)
7+5
= 12 (from the ones place)
Step: 3
Finally find the sum of the numbers got in the above step
200 + 140 + 12 = 352