Askseic sta majhmatik gia D.E.

Mnjoc Bogiatzglou
13 Dekembrou 2012

1 Askseic pnw sta oikonomik

'Askhsh 1

To sunolik kstoc TC miac epiqerhshc enai grammik sunrthsh thc posothtac paragwgc
Gia eppedo paragwgc 200 mondwn to kstoc anlje se 1200, en gia eppedo paragwgc
300 mondwn to kstoc tan 1600.
1. Poi h sunrthsh tou sunoliko kstouc gia thn sugkekrimnh epiqerhsh?
2. Poi enai h sunrthsh tou msou kstouc paragwgc?
3. Poa enai h sunrthsh tou oriako kstouc?
4. An h tim plhshc tou prontoc enai 2, na breje to nekr shmeo.
Q.

'Askhsh 2

'Estw oti h sunrthsh zthshc enc agajo miac epiqerhshc perigrfetai ap thn exswsh
q = 32 p opou q kai p h zhtomenh posthta kai h tim tou prontoc, antstoiqa.
1. Na upologiste h sunrthsh twn oriakn esdwn, wc sunrthsh tou q.
2. Na upologiste to oriak sodo MR kai to mso sodo AR, gia q = 15.
3. Na breje to eppedo paragwgc pou megistopoie ta soda thc epiqerhshc.
'Askhsh 3

H sunrthsh tou sunoliko kstouc paragwgc TC, enc prontoc perigrfetai ap thn sunrthsh: T C = 0, 2x2 10x + 1000, pou x enai h paragmenh posthta. Mia mlth deixe
oti
gia ta epmena th h posthta paragwgc tou prontoc akolouje ton tpo: x(t) = 4 t + 1,
pou h metablht t dhlnei to toc (trqon toc t = 0, epmeno toc t = 1 k.o.k.).
1. Gia poi paragmenh posthta to kstoc paragwgc elaqistopoietai;
2. Exetzontac thn sunrthsh thc oriakc metabolc thc paragwgc, ektimte oti h paragwg
tou prontoc anamnetai na auxhje na meiwje ta epmena th kai giat;
3. Poi qronik stigm ja parathrsoume megalterh metabol sthn paragwg: Ap to toc
1 sto 2 ap to 4 sto 5?
1

4. Na breje h sunrthsh metabolc tou kstouc paragwgc se sqsh me to qrno.

5. Na upologiste h qronik stigm pou to kstoc paragwgc ja qei thn elqisth tim,
kajc kai h antstoiqh kai h antstoiqh posthta paragwgc.
'Askhsh 4

H sunrthsh oriako kstouc miac epiqerhshc enai M C = 50 + 2x kai to sunolik kstoc pou
antistoiqe se eppedo paragwgc 10 mondwn enai 700.
1. Na breje h sunrthsh tou sunoliko kstouc paragwgc.
2. na upologiste to mso kstoc pou antistoiqe se paragwg 20 mondwn.
3. Na breje h pargwgoc sunrthsh tou msou kstouc paragwgc.
'Askhsh 5

Upojste oti ta soda R miac epiqerhshc exartntai mesa ap thn diafhmistik dapnh A,
smfwna me thn sunrthsh: R = 0, 01A4 + 0, 32A + 5. Epiplon upojtoume oti h diafhmistik
dapnh enai sunrthsh tou sunoliko qrnou diafmishc T, smfwna me thn sqsh: A = 2T 1.
1. Poi enai h sunrthsh twn oriakn esdwn wc proc thn diafhmistik dapnh?
2. Poi eppedo diafhmistikc dapnhc ja prokalsei thn megistopohsh twn esdwn thc
epiqerhshc?
3. Poi enai h sunrthsh twn oriakn esdwn wc proc ton sunolik qrno thleoptikc
diafmishc?
4. Psec rec thleoptikc diafmishc prpei na knei h epiqerhsh ste na megistopoisei
ta soda thc?
'Askhsh 6

'Estw h sunrthsh zthshc enc prontoc enai: q = cp me c > 0, < 0, pou q h zhtomenh
posthta kai p h tim tou prontoc.
1. Na breje h pargwgoc thc zthshc wc proc thn tim.
2. Na breje h elastikthta zthshc thc parapnw sunrthshc.
3. An to shmeo isorropac thc agorc enai to
posthta enai 12, na breje to kai to c.

(p, q) = (8, 6)

kai gia tim 1 h zhtomenh

'Askhsh 7

Ac upojsoume oti ta sunolik soda TR kai ta sunolik ksth TC miac epiqerhshc dnontai
ap tic sqseic, antstoiqa:
T R = 260Q, T C = 1125 + 10Q + 5Q2

1. Upologste tic sunartseic oriakn esdwn kai oriakn exdwn.

2. Na breje to eppedo paragwgc pou megistopoie ta krdh thc epiqerhshc. An h tim tou
prontoc anbei apo tic 260 q.m. stic 300 q.m., pwc diamrfnetai h apnthsh sac?
3. Na meletsete thn sunrthsh oliko kstouc wc proc thn kurtthta.
'Askhsh 8

To oriak kstoc paragwgc enc prontoc enai grammik sunrthsh thc posthtac paragwgc. Gia paragwg 40 mondwn to oriak kstoc enai 6 en gia paragwg 50 mondwn to
oriak kstoc enai 10. To stajer kstoc paragwgc anrqetai se 200.
1. Na eureje h sunrthsh tou oriako kstouc.
2. Na eureje h sunrthsh tou sunoliko kstouc paragwgc.
3. Na eureje, an uprqei, to eppedo paragwgc pou elaqistopoiei ta sunolik ksth thc
epiqerhshc.
4. An hposthta paragwgc metabletai wc proc ton qrno smfwna me thn sqsh x =
2 + 2t + 1 na prosdioriste h sunrthsh oriako kstouc sunartsei tou qrnou.
'Askhsh 9

Dnetai h sunrthsh zthshc enc prontoc: P = 3Q + 12, pou P, Q h tim kai h posthta
tou prontoc, antstoiqa.
1. Na prosdioriste to pedo orismo kai to snolo timn thc sunrthshc zthshc me bsh
ton nmo thc fjnousac zthshc.
2. Na prosdiorsete se poo shmeo h elastikthta zthshc enai sh me 1.
3. Na upologiste kai na ermhneute h elastikthta zthshc tan P = 3.
'Askhsh 10

H sunrthseic zthshc kai prosforc enc agajo dnontai ap touc tpouc Qd = 150 50lnP
kai Qs = 50 + 50lnP, pou P, Q h tim kai h posthta tou prontoc.
1. Na prosdioriste to koin pedo orismo twn sunartsewn dedomnou oti h sunrthsh
zthshc prpei na enai fjnousa kai h sunrthsh prosforc axousa.
2. Na upologiste to shmeo isorropac thc agorc.
3. Me bsh th sunrthsh zthshc na upologiste h sunrthsh esdwn kai na exetsete an
ta soda megistopoiontai sto shmeo isorropac thc agorc.
4. Na upologiste to plenasma tou paragwgo.
5. na upologiste to plenasma enc katanalwt pou enai diatejimnoc na plhrsei wc e2
gia to sugkekrimno pron.
3

'Askhsh 11

Ta oriak soda miac monopwliakc epiqerhshc exartntai ap to eppedo paragwgc q kai

ddontai ap th sunrthsh:
M R(q) = 100 10q 2q 2 .

Gnwrzoume oti ta stajer ksth enai mhdenik. Na prosdioriston:

1. H sunrthsh sunolikn esdwn T R(q) kai me bsh autn h sunrthsh zthshc p = f (q).
2. To eppedo paragwgc pou megistopoiei ta soda.
3. H elastikthta zthshc sto eppedo paragwgc pou megistopoie ta sunolik soda.
'Askhsh 12

To krdoc miac epiqerhshc pou leitourge se sunjkec plrouc antagwnismo dnetai ap thn
sqsh (q) = pq cq pou q to eppedo paragwgc kai p h tim tou prontoc, me a, c > 0
stajerc. Na prosdioriston:
1. H sunjkh pou prpi na isqei gia thn stajer a, lwste na megistopoiontai ta krdh.
2. To eppedo paragwgc pou megistopoie to krdoc, an c = 12, = 0, 5 kai p = 4.
3. To oriak kstoc paragwgc thc epiqerhshc dnetai ap thn sqsh M C(q) = 6q2 50q +
30. An to sunolik kstoc gia paragwg 6 mondwn anrqetai se 1000, poo enai to
kstoc paragwgc twn prtwn 10 mondwn prontoc?
'Askhsh 13

'Estw oti h sunrthsh tou msou kstouc miac epiqerhshc pou pargei na pron enai AC(q) =
q 25 + 300q 1 . H tim plhshc tou prontoc dnetai ap thn sqsh p(q) = 100 0, 4q. Na
prosdioriston:
1. H sunrthsh twn kerdn thc epiqerhshc.
2. H posthta pou megistopoie to krdoc thc epiqerhshc.
'Askhsh 14

Jma Septembrou 2011

Dnetai h sunrthsh zthshc:

Q=

1.
2.
3.
4.

120
5.
P +4

Na prosdioriste to pedo orismo thc sunrthshc zthshc.

Na breje h posthta zthshc sthn tim twn 4.
Na breje h tim pou antistoiqe se posthta zthshc Q = 5
Na oriste h elastikthta zthshc wc sunrthsh thc timc kai na upologiste h elastikthta sto p = 4.
4

'Askhsh 15

To kstoc prtwn uln se qilidec o tnoc, miac biomhqanikc epiqerhshc enai suneqc
tuqaa metablht me sunrthsh puknthtac pijanthtac


1 2
f (x) = c x + 3x 4
2

me 2 x 4.
1. Na upologiste to c, ste h f na enai mia kal orismnh sunrthsh puknthtac pijanthtac.
2. Na upologiste h pijanthta to kstoc twn prtwn uln na xepersei ta 3500 o tnoc.
3. Na breje h anamenmenh tim thc tuqaac metablhtc.
'Askhsh 16

Mia biomhqanik epiqerhsh pargei 3 pronta. Ta dedomna thc paragwgc sunoyzontai ston
pnaka pou akolouje, pou sthn prth gramm parousizetai to kstoc paragwgc an monda
prontoc kai sthn deterh h tim plhshc an monda prontoc.
pron A pron B pron G
monadiao kstoc
12
9
14
tim mondac
20
15
20
Pnakac 1: Kstoc paragwgc kai tim mondoc se , an pron
Smfwna me ton programmatism paragwgc, prpei:
1. To sunolik kstoc paragwgc prpei na enai 68.000.000
2. Ta soda ap thn plhsh prpei na enai 110.000.000
3. Sunolik prpei na paraqjon 6.000.000 pronta.
Na brejon oi posthtec paragwgc 1 pou ikanopoion touc 3 periorismoc.
'Askhsh 17

Mia etairea pargei 2 pronta A kai B ta opoa pwle sthn tim twn 12 kai 10, antstoiqa.
To kstoc paragwgc thc etaireac dnetai ap thn sunrthsh:
1
C(qA , qB ) =
100



1
2
2
qA + qB + 500qA + 200qB qA qB + 60000
2

pou qA, qB h ebdomadiaa posthta paragwgc twn 2 prontwn kai C to sunolik ebdomadiao
kstoc paragwgc. Na brejon:
1. Na breje h sunrthsh twn esdwn thc epiqerhshc.
2. Na breje to mgma paragwgc pou megistopoie ta krdh thc epiqerhshc.
'Askhsh 18

Mia epiqerhsh pargei 2 sumplhrwmatik pronta A kai B, twn opown oi hmersiec sunartseic
zthshc dnontai ap tic sqseic:
qA = 300pA + 120pB + 18000
qB = 90pB + 150pA + 3600
1

, .

1. Na brejon oi timc plhshc twn 2 prontwn, pou megistopoion ta soda thc epiqerhshc.
2. Na brejon oi timc plhshc twn duo prontwn an epiplon apaitetai to tetrgwno thc
diaforc twn timn pA kai pB na enai so me 1600.
'Askhsh 19

H sunrthsh twn esdwn miac epiqerhshc pou pargei 2 pronta, A kai B, enai h:
T R(qA , qB ) = 4qA2 3qB2 + 6qA qB + 20qA 120

'Opou qA, qB oi ebdomadiaec posthtec paragwgc twn 2 prontwn se tnouc kai R ta ebdomadiaa soda se qilidec .
1. Na breje to eppedo paragwgc tou megistopoie ta soda thc epiqerhshc, kajc kai ta
mgista krdh.
2. Na breje to eppedo paragwgc pou megistopoie ta soda an oi ebdomadiaec posthtec
paragwgc prpei na ikanopoion ton periorism: 10qA 6qB + 200 = 0
'Askhsh 20

H posthta paragwgc paragwgc miac epiqerhshc, sunartsei tou qrhsimopoiomenou kefalaou kai twn diajsimwn wrn ergasac dnetai ap thn sunrthsh:
1

Q = 5K 2 L 3

pou Q, K, L ekfrzoun thn posthta paragwgc, to diajsimo keflaio (se qilidec ) kai
thn diajsimh ergasa (se rec), antstoiqa.To wriao kstoc ergasac anrqetai se 6 an
ra en to antstoiqo wriao kstoc kefalaou anrqetai se 10 an ra. H etairea diajtei
sth diadikasa paragwgc 1000 an ra. Na upologiste to keflaio K kai h ergasi L pou
megistopoion to paragmeno pron, upojtontac pwc ta 1000 an ra pou diatjente sthn
paragwg qrhsimopoiontai plrwc.
'Askhsh 21

Ta hmersia soda miac epiqerhshc pou pargei 3 pronta dnontai ap thn sunrthsh
T R(x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 8x21 6x22 4x23 + 12x1 x2 + 28x1 12x2 + 16x3 10

pou xi, i = 1, 2, 3 h hmersia posthta paragwgc tou kje prontoc. Na brete to eppedo
paragwgc pou megistopoie ta soda thc epiqerhshc.
'Askhsh 22

'Ena diulistrio pou pargei benznh kai petrlaio knhshc qrhsimopoie gia thn metafor twn
prontwn tou 2 agwgoc. To kstoc metaforc (se qilidec ) thc benznhc enai 12x2 pou
x o gkoc thc benznhc se qilidec ltra, en to kstoc metaforc tou petrelaou jrmanshc
enai 8y2 pou y o gkoc se qilidec ltra kai to kstoc se qilidec eur. An to dilistrio
prpei na metafrei ebdomadiawc 100.000lt kai ap ta duo pronta, na brete psoc gkoc ap
to kje na prpei na metaferje tsi ste na elaqistopoietai to kstoc.
'Askhsh 23

Mia etairea uyhlc teqnologac ektim oti h etsia sunrthsh zthshc enc nou prontoc thc
(se qilidec temqia) perigrfetai ap thn sqsh:
q = 9 0.8p + 0.4m + 0.7r + 0.355r m

pou p h tim tou prontoc se , m ta xoda projhshc kai diafmishc se ekatommria kai
ta xoda reunac kai anptuxhc tou prontoc, se ekatommria . Ta diajsima keflaia gia
projhsh kai reuna kai anptuxh anrqontai sta 30.000.000 kai h etairea apaite ta qrmata
gia projhsh sun ta diplsia twn qrhmtwn gia reuna kai anptuxh na antistoiqon sta soda
ap plhsh 5.000.000 suskeun. Zhtetai:
a) Na katastrwje to prblhma beltistopohshc thc etaireac.
b) Na apodexete oti to dinusma (p, m, r, , ) = (9.6, 12, 18, 82.714, 17.545) pou kai l oi
pollaplasiastc Lagrange tou prtou kai deterou periorismo antstoiqa, ikanopoie tic
sunjkec prthc txhc.
g) An upojsoume pwc to parapnw dinusma apotele olik mgisto thc sunrthshc zthshc,
na upologiston ta bltista etsia soda.
d) An upojsoume pwc to dinusma tou erwtmatoc b) enai to olik mgisto thc sunrthshc,
na upologsete pso ja metablhjon ta sunolik soda n ta diajsima keflaia gia
projhsh kai reuna kai anptuxh auxhjon kat 1.000.000.
r

'Askhsh 24

(Epilog qartofulakou2 ) 'Enac diaqeiristc kefalawn qei na epilxei metax 3 diaforetikn

ependsewn me etsiec apodseic 10%, 10% kai 15%, antstoiqa. O diaqeiristc apaite h apdosh
tou qartofulakou tou na enai 12% kai tautqrona to rsko thc epndushc (dhlad h diakmansh
tou qartofulakou) na elaqistopoietai. 'Estw x, y kai z to posost twn diajsimwn kefalawn
pou ja ependsei se kje mia ap tic 3 ependseic.Zhtetai:
a) Na katastrsete to prblhma beltistopohshc tou diaqeirist kefalawn (prkeitai gia
na prblhma trin metablhtn me 2 periorismoc) an h diakmansh tou qartofulakou
dnetai ap thn sunrthsh
V arp = 400x2 + 800y 2 + 1600z 2 + 200xy + 400yz

b) Na brejon ta diansmata pou ikanopoion tic sunjkec prthc txhc.

g) Na perigrafon oi sunjkec deterhc txhc tsi ste to dinusma pou brkate sto prohgomeno erthma na enai apotele topik elqisto.
d) An h apathsh thc anamenmenhc apdoshc tou qartofulakou anbei sto 13%, ti antktupo
ja qei aut ston knduno tou qartofulakou?

, (portfolio selection) :
minw w0 w
: w0 m = m0

n
X

wi = 1 w , m

i=1

, m0 .

2 Genikc askseic
'Askhsh 1

Na breje to anptugma Taylor trthc txhc, twn paraktw sunartsewn

1. f (x) = lnx grw ap to x0 = 1
2. f (x) = ex grw ap to x0 = 0

3. f (x) = x grw ap to x0 = 2
'Askhsh 2

Na meletsete tic paraktw sunartseic wc proc thn kurtthta, thn monotona kai ta akrtata
1. f (x) = x2ex
2.
3.

f (x) = ex

f (x) = ln(x2 + 1)

'Askhsh 3

Me thn bojeia tou kanna thc alusdac na upologsete thn pargwgo dy

stic paraktw peridt
ptseic
1. y = lnx, x = 3t2 + 1
2.

y = 3x2 , x =

2
, u = lnt
u

'Askhsh 4

Na upologiston ta oloklhrmata
1.
2.
3.

x2 ex dx

x1

dx
x+2
Z+
1

1
dx
x2

'Askhsh 5

Dnetai o pnakac:

3 1
2
A = 1 4 3
5 2 7

1. Na upologiste o pnakac A2
2. Na exetsete an ta diansmata stlec tou pnaka A enai grammik anexrthta.
3. Na exetsete an o pnakac enai antistryimoc.
'Askhsh 6

Dnetai o pnakac

3 1 2
A = 1 4 0
3 2 7

kai to dinusma b = (6 5 8)0. Na luje to ssthma Ax = b me kpoia ap tic teqnikc pou mjate
sta plasia tou majmatoc.
'Askhsh 7

Na luje to ssthma Ax = b, pou:

1 1 2 3
3

A = 2 4 5 3 , b = 1
3 2 7 6
9

'Askhsh 8

Na upologiste o antstrofoc tou pnaka

3 1 1
A = 4 2 0
6 3 7

kai katpin na lsete to ssthma Ax = b, pou b = (2, 2, 3)0 me thn mjodo Cramer.
'Askhsh 9

Dnetai sunrthsh f : R3 R me tpo:

f (x, y, z) = x3 + 3x2 y 2y 2 z + 4xyz.

Na breje
1. To dinusma klshc thc sunrthshc.
2. H kfrash tou oliko diaforiko thc f.
9

3. H exswsh tou efaptmenou uperepipdou thc sunrthshc sto (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 1)

4. H essian mtra thc f.
'Askhsh 10

Na brejon an uprqoun, ta akrtata twn sunartsewn

1. f (x, y) = x4 + y3 + 108x 27y
2. f (x, y, z) = 100 x2 y2 z 2
3. f (x, y, z) = ex + y + z up ton periorism x + 2y + 3z = 12
4. f (x, y, z) = x2 + y2 + z 2, up touc periorismoc:
2x + 4y + 3z = 50
x + 3y + z = 20

5.
6.
7.
8.

up ton periorism x2 + y2 = 18.

f (x, y, z) = xyz up ton periorism x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3.
f (x, y, z) = xy + yz up ton periorism xz + y 2 = 8
f (x, y, z) = x + y + z up touc periorismoc:
x2 + y 2 = 50 kai 2x + z = 1

f (x, y) = (2x y)2 + (x + 2y)2 ,

10