Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2007
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ABSTRACT
PATRICIA R THOMAS. Development of Snack with Extrusion and Frying
Process Under supervising of NURI ANDARWULAN and SLAMET BUDIJANTO
A typical Indonesian meal is based on rice cooked alone or prepared with
sambal, a hot chili condiment ; it is served with krupuk (crackers made of flour ,
vegetables and meat , shrimp or spices) .Some local dishes such as Soto and
Oxtail Soup are topped with fried shallot and crackers (something crispy and
crunchy). The purpose of this experiment is to develop crackers which can be
function as snacks alone or as seasoned fried toppings for eating with rice or
other basic meal. In soupy dish, this toppings can turned to a synthetic meat
which has a plastic or elastic and full body mouth feel.
Available equipment in the company which has high technical possibility
to produce this snacks are several extruders in the rice noodle (bihun) line and
snack extruder (third generation snacks or pellets). The best process design is
needed to produce a crispy snacks by using one prototype formula consists of
ground catfish (Clarias batrachus L) meat and tofu (function as protein source),
cassava flour (gaplek).
The best prototype from laboratory scale formulation process has protein
content 14 %, tasty and enough saltiness level and crispy texture. Raw material
cost estimation per kg product dough cost from Rp.5.895,- to Rp.6.765,-. The
combined process of rice noodle extruder with meat processor or meat chopper
extruder, produced the best crispiness product after frying process with
production capacity 500 kg/hour.
The study of comparing the effect of dough temperature prior to extrusion
process and the impact of meat processors or meat chopper extruder (MCE) in
producing a crispy product was made by using the same frying condition 150 C
~ 3 minutes in a continuous noodle fryer. Proof on the crispiest texture is based
on texture analysis on crispiness level. The higher the value of kgf for a product,
the crispier the texture is. Duncan statistical calculation differentiates the process
flow into 7 crispiness groups. The highest value of kgf is 93.2 and the lowest
value is 24.49. Minimum value which considered as crispy is 50-55 kgf. Extrusion
process begins with maximum 30 C dough through strap extruder (bihun Line)
then followed by MCE produced the crispiest texture. Cool dough (maximum 30
C) significantly produced crispier texture than hot dough (60-90 C). Based on
Contrast Orthogonal Test, process followed with MCE and without MCE is
significantly different at significance level <0.0001<0.05. Product texture made of
extrusion process followed with MCE is perceived as significantly crispier if
compared to that of extrusion process without MCE.
Supporting studies of exposing product on top of soupy dishes (as topping)
such as instant noodle at certain timing showed that the crispier the texture, the
faster water absorption into the capillary of product structure.
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Tugas Akhir
Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar
Magister Profesi Teknologi Pangan pada
Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2007
Disetujui
Komisi Pembimbing
Diketahui
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PRAKATA
Produk
Makanan
Ringan
dengan
Proses
Ekstrusi
dan
Penggorengan.
Tanpa dukungan dan bantuan dari Ibu Dr. Ir. Nuri Andarwulan, MS dan
Bapak Dr. Ir. Slamet Budijanto, MAgr selaku dosen pembimbing dan Ibu Ning
Rahayu selaku Pimpinan Perusahaan tempat Penulis bekerja, maka penelitian ini
tidak akan dapat terselesaikan. Terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada Bapak,
Ibu Dosen Pembimbing dan Ibu Pimpinan Perusahaan, yang telah banyak
memberi saran dan keleluasaan dalam melaksanakan penelitian ini, demikian
pula bagi rekan-rekan kerja, yang telah memberikan dukungan dan bantuan
selama masa studi program magister profesi ini. Ungkapan terima kasih juga
disampaikan kepada keluargaku tercinta Priautama L Tobing, Priyanka, Patrick,
Peniel, Ayahanda Pieter Thomas dan F.L. Tobing serta seluruh keluarga tercinta
atas segala doa, pengertian, dorongan dan kasih sayangnya.
Semoga karya ilmiah ini bermanfaat.
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RIWAYAT HIDUP
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................
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DAFTAR GAMBAR.......................................................................
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.....................................................................
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PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................
Latar Belakang......................................................................
Tujuan...................................................................................
Manfaat ................................................................................
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TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...................................................................
Makanan Ringan...................................................................
Teknologi Ekstrusi................................................................
Makanan Ringan Generasi Kedua dan Ketiga.............
Teknologi Ekstrusi pada Proses Produksi Bihun.........
Gelatinisasi dan Retrogradasi Pati.......................................
Tekstur Pangan dan Kerenyahan.........................................
Proses Penggorengan..........................................................
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Simpulan...............................................................................
Saran.....................................................................................
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA.......................................................................
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LAMPIR AN ....................................................................................
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DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
1. Data operasi bermacam-macam ekstruder ...............................
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
1. Interaksi elemen kunci pada proses pengembangan produk
baru..............................................................................................
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