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Evaluation of Water Energy Resource

Computation theory and basic equations


For a given river segment, the basic energy equation is

Water surface

River bed

E1 2 E1 E 2 W ( Z 1

P1
V2
P
V2
1 1 ) W ( Z 2 2 2 2 )

2g

2g

P1 P2
V2
V2
1 1 2 2 )

2g
2g
( N .m)

W ( Z 1 Z 2
WH 1 2

The water energy mainly depends on the water quantity


and hydraulic gradient.
Water power
N 1 2

E1 2
W

H 1 2 QH 1 2 ( N .m / s ) 9.81QH 1 2 ( kW )
T
T

Electrical power
E1 2 9.81QH 1 2 (

T
) 0.0027WH 1 2 (kW .h)
3600

Considering energy loss friction loss and minor loss


He (effective head) =H-Hf-Hj and
hydraulic efficiency H
water volume loss(evaporation, leakage
and surplus water)
Q

Q q

and volume efficiency

v
Mechanical loss
N N

and mechanical

N m

efficiency m
So,

turbines

output

N NW QH m N e mQe H e m V Q H H QHmV H

The total efficiency of the turbine is

V m

Considering generators efficiency, the installation


capacity of the hydropower station is
N g G N T T G QH kQH (kW)

For large HPS: k=8.5


For medium HPS: k=8.0~8.5
For small HPS: k=6.0~8.0

Theoretical calculation result of water energy


resource of a given river
For a given river, the main steps to evaluate its water
energy resource include
(1) From the river origin to river end, the longitudinal
section of the river and the water surface elevation in low
water year can be obtained.
(2)The whole river can be divided into several segments,
considering the convergence sections of the branches, the
sections with sudden change of the river bottom slope,
the potential better dam sites, the limit submerged areas
with important towns and farms etc., and we can get the
length L for each segment.
(3) For each specified section, the controlled catchment
area F and average annual discharge Q0 can be calculated

for the plotting of the F~L and Q0~L curves.


(4) To calculate the water energy resource for each
segment with the following formula
N 9.81

Q1 Q2
H (kW)
2

and then add up for each segment from river origin to


river end, and draw the N~L curve.
(5)To calculate the water energy resource for 1km river
length in each segment as
N

N
(kW/km)
L

and then obtain the N~L curve.

Total
water
energy

Distance from the River origin

Finally we can have the graph for the theoretical


calculation result of water energy resource which shows
the water energy characteristics and distribution of the
whole river. Based on this graph, we will have an
immediate decision for the optimum river segments with
concentrated water energy and relatively large output.

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