.

2005

!"

#
$

,* 6 '

& ' %

.3 &

.
(- *)

4(

5(0

"5(

/ 4&

0 6 /

"
0

,*

' 6

:%

'

1 ; 7 7

"

9
&

"
'D

, ' 3

&
.

27

)
.

<

*
0

"

D7

"

/ $01 )

<

@!

&6

.
0

,* - *

,* (
'

$0

*+

,C

" 6 '

=):
)

" 4 6 '

< > " ) ?

" A B &C
@

"

$% &

<
7 6! )

'( )* 1

,2

,3

/ $%

+
$%

34

$% 5
$(

<

6) >? $ 1 2
-' (

$%

78
C

1 2 3

# 6) "

:Introduction
$ 1 2

-' ) 9

'1

6) A

:
*

.(2) (1)

7 3

.3

28

,*

,*

"

"

(1)6

(2)6

G1

<@ ..... 3 =0
#

,*

0 A
$%

2005

$% * <
$%
I

&

) 6

# # /%
.&

$%

$E

2000

-' <

7*'

1/

-'

6/

1 2 A

29

# ) -'

. 1 0 3#0 6)
1 0

3 1J

;# 6 )

K E

0 F 3 # 0 :'(

6/

R 0* 5,

/ $%

% &

1 ? #0

0 F @ ...........

6)

&

'1<

1 ?A

J
J

J % 6?

" J?

<

:Asphaltic Facing Advantages

.)

# A

( $

.
A) )

.%

G2

#
$%

H)

: Structure Subject > " E ?

.
3 7< + ( 3 Q %

6? G

'

3#0 A )
M

0G

$% ;

( 5E

$% F? C 0

$ 1 2

1 ?

$% 5,

'( $%

* $% $ 1 2

,
1

6)
0
2
5,

)*

@ G1G1

.
'1
J

?
.

/ $%

$%

1/

$%

.%

1 2 3

&

S
.S

: Asphaltic Facing Components

6) $
1

) )3 J

3 7
7

E &

) J

6) 3 7

$ V.

. $

6)

Z 0

34

$% A

A %

$% S

*L

3'
/

# 0 ($

$ 1 2
"

$
=

3 J

]1
E $
=

E 5. $
34

X %
<V
<

. 3
6

[ \*
=

3 J

6) )

.3

3 J

*S

0J

* $

.[Schoenian,1999]

30

1 2

<[Asbeck,w.f.1968]
'

# 0 $%

T
.3

-'

$( (0-12)6

(1)

;J

#0

G2 G1

? $

< #0 3 7

( 3Q 1 Y

* 31 2

.;

J, M 2

$%

* A

(* 1 0

:$ 1 2

3 1J

V 0

:[Rijicswatersaat,1985]

% E? U S

J0 #0

< #0 A

1 2

$(

5.

*
)

) $
$%

2005

% @

$( C

E 3Q %

'

"

#0 $

= (1)

mm6

100
80-100
70-100
50 - 80
38-67
32-60
17 -40
10 -15

12
8
5
2
1
0.6
0.2
0.09

:$ 1 2

# 0 $% 0

-'

.+ %

31 2

^ [ \* < #

<[Schoenian,1999]- ' [Wapro402.1973]$

=

V. 3 1 2

A = ? R 0*
E 6

< .#

67

. [Delgado Garcia,J,1988]

3(

<b10
3(

=
)

A = >

3(

A = 6?

^ > _7

7^

= A

V. 3

(51km)

6)

(9km) %

.#

31

$ N L

[ \*

6)

. F

&

G L&

:3

A = `'a? <$ 1 2

F A

b10

F 6?

. ,$

:Alsourani Dam

<

G3G1

6) .

# #

.#

;#
6? @

31 2

3Q 1

, ) $% A

*L

V. 3 (

!% - ' < . #

.
/%

3 J

6) 3 7

6?

"

$% $

% (344m)R
L Q

.#
5.

X.#

/ $%

M ?
:

. - ' <:

$%

A .1

'(

O
. .#
.

- $%

$%
L

0
(5.1)

$ =0

)A ) (

1 2 3

:'(

) , <

[1996<

. $ 1 2

C%

=0

( (34)

C
.

<

A ) 6 ) 2m )
(4)

32

<$

3 <(36

) .
)

'(

) 1

J, 2
K1

<:

1 ?A

<
5

0
(41.3m)

1 A ' ]

EN

5
<S

1 2 A

;
J <

5
1J

J ;E

2005

; (M 3

6< ( 4 ) 6

:
<
3
" G4G1
Asphaltic Facing Structure Used in Alsourani Dam
(6)
$%
A
.#
/
A
G

6 ? . # :'(

6 ) '1

5cm

.10cm

<

6 ) A'1 (10)cm

30

<10cm

(0-25)mm T

"(5)6

. # 2 .(1-2) mm

.#

3'

J .#

1 ?

.5cm
. (10) cm

33

.# 3

/ $%

3 J

(A

E ?

E ?

(0-6)mm

3 J

%<

T 0
,

"

,'

G3

G1G3
5.

0 6? )
*

<

L , 5,

M= 5.

- Aggregate

1 2 3

: 7

:Bitumen

) 1/ 3 J

(6-12)mm

$%

3 X ) 3'0* (0-12)mm

A=

:'(

Q (0-12)

-'

6J

: O
(20025
.(2003

.(20035

5.

3.) 6

5.

3.)

5.

3.) 7 7

$% A E

3 J

-A

$% A E

3 J

-B

$% A E

:A ,B ,C 3 J

6)

3 J
O L

-C

.M (F
.$)
:: * ;E
5.
L

.
R

3 J

# 0 :'(

" J

/
J 6

6)

T=

C )

1%

.$

(
E

=
( 6)

% E? 3e <(0-6)mm 3 J

$%

3e

:(A) , / 7

2002 5

E 5.

#0 6)

,
G

$%

A ) 6 ) (0-6)mm # 0

$% (1)

C ?

90%1 (6-12)mm3 J 10%

.$

34

d%

3#0 & 7

(6-12)mmL

% .

3 J

2005

:$ G

# 0 :' 3 J

: (A)6
B 1A " &

.V

"

#0 3 J
N

33.32%

"

<

"

5.

3 J

$O

' (6)

# 0 :'(

# 0 :'( $%

@ (1) ,

G(6)6

<

$% (1) 6

<$

$%

3 J 90% (6-12)mm 3 J 10% L

J

V 0 (2)

2.6

(60-70)= Q 3 1 ?

(2) .,

)@

76.28%

A 1J

V 0 *

# 6

1 A

:(B)

2003

6)

% E?

B 1A " &
14.4

.V

35

A 1J

7
N

(A) # 0 $% C )

#0 3 J
*

90.84%

(60-70)= Q 3 1 ?

$%

(0-6)mm

: # 0 :' 3 J
:(B)

V 0

V 0 (3)

)@
2.6

# 0 :'( $%

/ $%

5.

$%

3 J

# 0 :'(

1 2 3

3 J 90% (6-12)mm 3 J 10% L

5. /

"

( <(7)

(2) .,

<

"

$%

"

<

"

(3).6

1
5,

3N
;E
.

(C 1 5 .

$O
.

B 1A " &
14.4

36

A 1J

% E?

@ (1) ,

$%

G(7)6

6 ' 6"D

<

6 ' '"

" J

3 J
=

T 0
(S

15% % E

E$

: # 0 :' 3 J
N

(0-6)mm

# ) (

:(C) 7 7

.V

20%

:( C ) 5 5

6)

% E? 3e - ' .
.

2003 5

"
"

( 1) 6

.6

74 A=

$%

V 0 $O

#0 3 J
*

82%

(60-70)= Q 3 1 ?

V 0 ( 4)

)@
2.61

# 0 :'( $%

2005

:(B)
> _7

< + ;1 6 )
?

$%

$ /)* R
$% E?
0
L

) 6 ? % E?
+

(A)6

$% V

,#

G G

$%

:, 5

) V 3 , # $#

<(2.3-1.5) %S 0

E 30 $(

#0 6) A

*L

$% V

3Q 1

&

G 6J

<
J

:'( c

"

"

3 O

- ' . .7 3 8

E 35 6

* ;J - ' 3 Q 1 R
A %

0 $%

L , 6) <

N - ' <6 7

3 O

#0

.0.5% A = 9.5 6

O L

% 3 7

. %7
.
.Va +
.Vma 3 J

37

!%

$% <(Schonian. 1999)3 %

,# *

% L

1
2

3Q 1

3Q 1

/ $%

$%

.1 0
* Vma %

1 2 3

(A) # 0 V 0 ;E

% LL A
5
3
mm
Kg/cm

Va %

'

"5

"

Kn

21.759

4.267

2.25

4.813

7.73

21.58

2.85

2.27

6.037

7.71

8.5

21.59

1.66

2.28

8.17

7.37

22.04

1.00

2.28

10.55

7.02

9.5

"/

8>

>6

22.2%> Va%<(1.
Vma>16 5-2.3)%
%

.
*

<
%

"%

(B) 7

9?

[Wapro402.1
973]

(6) 6 &

5
3
Kg/cm

% LL A

"5

mm

Kn

1.97

2.27

5.88

11.4

20.16

1.37

2.27

5.893

10.9

8.5

20.35

0.33

2.28

7.355

9.79

22.2 Va%<
%>V (1.5ma>1 2.3)%
6%

"/

8>

>6

Vma
%

Va %

19.33

'

(B) (A)

#0

)R 0

"

<
%

9% 3 1 f

3Q 1

2 3#0

( 5)

38

<V

:'(

[Wapro402.1
973]

%7

- ' <S 0

*/

2005

'1

&

* S=

<

) %7

3 Q 1 $( # 0 3

'( M #)?

-'

.R 0

3 7G

6) /1

7.37 Kn 3 7 1.66% # 0 3 Q % 2.28Kg/cm

(A) ,

&

.' 1

#0

# 0 8 mm
$%

3Q 1

$( 9 %

.(7)
.

J.

A = - (
=

*$

$( 8mm

9+

6)

* /

A = :

8.5% ) $( A

9% 3 1 ?

%7

% E! # 0 :'(

S , 6 )* L

3Q 1

. #0

#0 6) 3

? . M

5 31 2

19.15

. +

3Q 1

Va%

%7

% &

% LL A

"5

gr/cm

mm

Kn

2.295

4.7933

9.341

Tastes on BC mixes : >!5

)
M ? R
& 7 3#0
E
6#
. 3'0*
#0

39

3 1J
7

% L

% 7 6 )* 3..

' . %7

#0

. >?

b 10
#0
1

# 0 :'( 6 ) (A,B)

&

( A5B)

FJ

(7)6 &
D

Vma%

(A) # 0

.% (C ) 7 7

,* 3 &

% 7 3.. 9%

* (B) # 0 9.79 Kn3 7 0.33 % 3 Q % 2.28 Kg/cm3 % 7

9% 3 1 ?

(* ?

"LL

7
3

3..

9%

# 0 :'( * /

, * 3 & % & G4G3

9% 6 7 3 1 2
3 ) & 7 6) O L
: O A .1 $%

/ $%

R20 :&

$%

<R20 (200) A

1 2 3

) # NE F
.
1
) # NE
)
.
.20 A
0
) # NE F
.
2
:& < R50 (50 ) A
0
.50 A
) # NE
)
. R50
0
) # NE F
.
3
:& < R0 (0 ) A
0
.0 A
) # NE
)
. R0
K t = R 20 / R50
3 7
3
K e = R0 / R50
4
. ]1 F
5
.L
6
.
6) 3 7
7
$% 9+ 5E
(8)
0

.& 7 3 # 0 6 ) A

<

[Wapro402.1973]

'

'

L
A

'

40.7133

38

55.09

R50>15

12.799

15

20.1

Kt>2.5

3.2

2.53

2.73

Ke<2.8

3.3

2.64

2.295

Va%<(1.5-2.3)%
6 < "5
8> %
A

0.00%
9.79
4.7
2.297
0.22%
0.20%

0.33%
9.79
7.3533
2.2857
0.22%
0.22%

1.66%
8.17
7.7
2.282
0.30%
0.05%

3 1J

..

(B) # 0

(A) # 0

'

"5 6 '
Kt
,
6 '

%Va J
P
Kn "5
mm%
A
gr/cm 5

%
S

*
.

40

( 8) 6 &

R20 7 O? A
2
Kg/cm
R50 7 O? A
2
Kg/cm

R20>30

1.5 %>%
0.5%>S

9+

$%

2005

<

*/

GG5G3

:
) + ( 7
Determine Maximum Thermal Load on Asphaltic Facing in
Sourani Dam and another places in Syria:
5, $% 1 2 A
? J *
$ 6/ A
3

J $

:'( K
A

;#

,# /1
;#

,#

,#

, 6? S

=
<

# )
)A

*A

,#

. 1J S

1 2

I+D-A-E+G KB-V=0 ........1

O

#NE 6 ?
#0

=)

;#

5,

$%

<(;#

=) h(3,

6? A
#NE

)]L

;#

{ ($

;#
' ro) L #

;#

)A

;#

) <(

3 7 *<
. {(;#

41

3 7 )Io <($
J

))ru< <

. {( #

;#

K1 F

3)

) To } L #

)T }

6? J

2 : I

=) <(b

. (A
Cs <(;#

=)Af <(

.[(1989) . <
3)

3)
) P/Po<(

=) <(

=)t <(3

< < P/Po< T< h< Io }

2 :D
.#

< Af<t

3)

2 : A

J2 3 )

2 :E

)
$)

=) <( =1

/ $%

) Tl <Cs }
) w <(

N K

$%

<( E

<( $

[I + D
7G
N
(t)

,#

?.

7
=

= L

;#

{(

$%

: K
= ) Vl

:B

,# 3

&

:V

$ 6/

,# 3

(?
:$ G

t B = 0 2

' %

6? G

) 5#. $% (X)
F

3 N L

)C

5 (T)A

E@
#

6#

dT/dt=a d T/dx 2
2

a= / .c ......... 3

42

,#

A #0 ) X<(L

$% .
: O (

. {( N

) g< To<M

6 ? '%

)* $% A
6)

: Gw
A

. {( M

1 2
*

)C<( % 7 ) <( . #

A E GW K ]

(!

,# 3

# ) L <(M

.%
;#

'

*b

)&

0 #NE)e <( #

= A 1 ) t<( )
A

,# 3

)
, )

,To }

A+

<(M

1 2 3

) ) k< ( M

Tl }L #
<(M

:&

2005

:$ O
#.

= /

) A

3
,

<

3F

* /

6) A
= L

6?

.
:'(

:)

3F

(X )

#.

K #,
#

6)

) ;#
+

. X

;#

J.

.
6?

) .
A

'

$(

]L

(T0) ;#

<A

) A

<

E1
T/ t= 2T/ X 2
) ) #.

#.

$1

Q J L

(T0) ;#

:'(

-'

:[ (1993)
:)

6) J

5<1 0

3
? <SF *

,#

.(G,A,D,I)

.(B,K,E)
A

;#X

-' 9
.

(1)

;#

,#

=
& < ,
L

$%
A 1 A

R 0* 0

&

K=
.

6/

/)

3 #

* S ) (710C) 3N $
M ( A

43

V0

# 9

6)

1 0

5,

(T0) ;#
#

6 )* $( (40.4) 3N

1 2

$( <L

: )* A

;#
:'

3 #

) % N 3 #

1 2 A

)* ) (1)

. 7
#

(1950-2003)

6/

.%

/ $%

$% A

$%

.6 /

)A)5

$%

C*

1 2 3

- ' 1Cm

;#

, .% b
A

3 %< 60% A

*$

%3

5 ;#

M #

'( L N

,5

'

* ;#

'0* < S

* (50 0C)

+=

*$

$% A

9+

$#

T'

)* A ) 6 ) ( #
-' <

1 6/

, A
9

M #

;#

b10 b

$% L N
b 10

:'(

. 3e

$% A

;#

, <b * M #

(2000 2003) $ )
A

1 3

6/

;# 6 ) 6 /

3
.

T'

'

* 7 7A
A

M # '(

,5

% )

.
. * 7 7

44

%3

)
7G

.
3

,T

$%
M #

-'

(200C )

'( . (210C) b 10

2C

0 3

.
6) A

? (1950-2003) A 1

) <6/

) A
6)

. 5 S

( 8)

3
A

$%
*

( 5!5

&

2005

*( 3 * , *
:(2) ,

"

&

* ,* 3

"

"

:(3) ,
3

,
,

"

&

"

&

.( 5cm)

&

$%
.M

"7

&

$% L N

% O

.3

.B

+=

* ,* 3

:(4)

(10cm)

:(5) ,

(8)6
,

:(1)

"

3
* ,* 3

.( 15cm)

<

, ;E % (9)

1 2 A

*( 3 * , * - '

)* A

(9) 6

. J @&
3

&
. (10cm)

45

:(2) .,
* ,*

(1cm)
3

&

* ,*
,

3
:(3) ,

&
(6cm) .

:(1),
* ,*

/ $%

)* $%
A)

.L N

6?

$%

$%

&

C 1

3 )
E

: )*

6/

6)

'( :

"

% $%

7 < 1J

;#

6)

5 3
R

) E

c $

1 $% 3 E

*/

"5

1 0

,*

.[Nakazine,1970] (1:2.25

(1:2.25)
.

< #

6) 3 7
A

)1:2.25

( 9) ( 8)

:6

/)

$% A

. 6 ) jM

3 )

6?

1 2 3

. 6 ) jM

% ) 48 A
.$

J
< 1J

75 0C A
J

:
7
T'"
'D
, ' 3
&
-3
Investigate maximum expected temperature in some places in
Syria:
+
b % <
R 0* # $% 6 / A
.
T

<3

&

<$

3 /%

3 0

N :'

< % N
<
<6 /

$%

46

A
9+ X X

5E

3 ,
3 % < .#

$% A'1

5 .@ ....... <
. #

<M

- $% A +
< ,'

% N

< =
0

<$

1 ?

<L
5

.(9)

5E

2005

$%

6/

$#

( 9)
.

"

, ' 3

"

38.2

D0!

74.08

45.8

74.8

44.6

76.6

47.4

71

40.4

$%

6) A

9+

1 A
5

( 8)

$% /

6 & )

: Conclusions FJ

6/

$% - ' 7^

$ 1 2

6? $

% E? 3e $

R20 # NE F

; 7 7

S.% - ' ( ] 1 F L

1 2 A

#0 6?

, *( )( "

#0 M *

6) /1
=

&

C 5

$% /
? $

71.1

.(8)
.

40.4

) 7 3 1J

$%

72.56

(76.6) @

, ' B

71CO $
1 A

#0

3Q 1
)

b 10

(A)6
+

3N

V 0 ( 5)

3 7

% E? 3

3 7
<R50 # NE F

&
4

0 3 J
. 3 , < Ke
. C #0

47

/ $%

$%

1 2 3

b10 6 ? R * ( b *) ; %
S

b10
S

T'

. +=

3' A

<S .

# )9

$% L N

M # ? 5

*3

.M # '1

<SF * 3 =

34

C 5

. #1
6?

)S
$ 1 2

b 10 - ' ; %

: $G

$ 1 2

$% ;

-'

*S

/ ;
M

3#0 ) E1
A

M #

, )9

: Recommendations
F

20
K=

6) 3

K=
LL <

9+

&
$% A

3 # 0 :'

G
1

$%

31 2

? $% $
/

E%

2
J

$% 3

.
%
$% :' 1

3#
<

5E $) F [ \* " E
;# 6 ) A

/ .
10

L
*
. +=

48

9+

? 4

1 2
$%

,*
E

2005

$%
.

,'
<

31 *

<3 1 f
# <

J,

:Bibliography

:(1993)

$+
.

M&
.

. !"

G6
G

, # :(1989) . .
<A ( . <

*G

Asbck, w.f.(1986) Bitumen im wasserbau, Meinz/ Heidelberg,Bd.2. -Delgado Garcia,J.: The asphalt facing of the rockfill section of the
Negratin dam and its joint with the concrete section. ICOLD 16th
Congress, San Francisco 1988,Vol.ll,Q16,R44,pp 803-814.
-Nakazihe,Y.andYamashita,S.(1970):The new earthquake resistant
design method of rockfill dams with impervious facing
.ICOLD10thCongress,Montreal 1970,Q 36 R7,Vol.I,pp111-135.
-Rijkswaterstaat: The use of asphalt in hydraulic engineering (English
edition 1985).TAW Technical advisory committee on Waterdefences,
Rijkswaterstaat
CommunicationNo.37/1985,The
Hague,
The
Netherlands.
- Schoenian ,E.(1999): The Shell Bitumen Hydraulic Engineering, Hand
book
Shell International Petroleum company Ltd , London,KU.

$%

A =

<

<(1996)$

1
.

49

A '

/ $%

$%

1 2 3

.2004/2/29

50

6? &