Tamar CinCalaZe

otia isoelianis `varskvlavTcvenis"

Janrobrivi Taviseburebani
`varskvlavTcvena" 1961 wels daiwera da amiT daiwyo otia ioselianis, rogorc
romanistis, SemoqmedebiTi winsvla.
pirveli Sefasebebi literaturaTcodneebis mxridan `varskvlavTcvenis"
Janrobriv Taviseburebas daukavSirda; erTni mas axali romanis gamovlinebad
Tvlidnen, meoreni - novelebis krebulad an vrcel moTxrobad.
nodar naTaZe `varskvlavTcvenas" ar Tvlis romanad da mis Tvalsazriss
klasikuri romanis agebis ZiriTad saSualebaTa xazgasmiT asabuTebs. misi SefasebiT,
ioselianis am nawarmoebSi ar aris xasiaTebi, rac aucilebelia romanuli
JanrisaTvis. `misi personaJebi Canaxatebi ufroa, vidre xasiaTebi, miT ufro am
xasiaTebs ar aqvT ganviTareba. `varskvlavTcvena" Tavisi Janris mixedviT aris grZeli
moTxroba, Tu gnebavT, qronika an dRiuri, magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi romani,"-
Tvlis kritikosi (n. naTaZe, 1964, gv. 106-115).
otia ioselianma uaryo Cveulebrivi romanuli JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
siuJeturi ganviTarebis gza, uaryo portreti, pirovnebis garegnuli saxe da
fsiqologiuri tipaJi gaxada yvelaze mniSvnelovani.
mwerali iSviaTad mimarTavs gmirisa da personaJis garegnuli saxis
individualizacias. miuxedavad amisa, yvela gmirs aqvs sakuTari maxasiaTebeli niSani,
Tumca esec maTi pirovnuli bunebis TviTmyofadi saxis SeqmnisaTvis sWirdeba avtors.
magaliTad, ezikas daxasiaTebisas igi mis xis fexs moixseniebs - `mze rom ori Toxis
tarze wamovidoda, ezikac gamoCndeboda, uterfo fexs xesaveT miaTrevda da
namuSevars daxedavda." klimentia ceteraZes ki ase gvixasiaTebs: `ezos ar
gavcilebivar, rom win klimentia ceteraZe Semomxvda. Zlivs moaTrevda TeZoSi
amovardnil marcxenas." arc fatis portrets gvixatavs avtori srulad:
`moaxloebuli fatis did Tvalebs SevefeTe."
fizikuri portretisagan gansxavevbiT, ioseliani sulieri portretis ubadlo
mxatvaria. is mTeli sisavsiT gvixatavs adamianis Sinagan ganwyobas, sxvadasxva
rakursiT warmoadgens mis gancdebs, grZnobebs, ganwyobas, riTac personaJi ufro
nacnobi da axlobeli xdeba CvenTvis.
cinuli qvliviZis azriT, `varskvlavTcvena" Janruli TvalsazrisiT miekuTvneba
`axali romans". `masSi gamoxatulia Cveni epoqis arsi - misi ZiriTadi niSani. mTavari
gmirisa da sxva pesronaJTa bunebaSi gaxsnilia mTeli sazogadoebrivi cxovreba. aq
xasiaTic gvaqvs da am xasiaTis ganviTarebac. amis nimuSia romanis mTavari gmiri
gogita" (c. qvliviZe, 1986, gv. 39-48).
1961 wels o. ioselianis pirveli romani pirvelma ganixila vladimer zambaxiZem.
kritikosi miiCnevs, rom `varskvlavTcvena" patriotuli xasiaTis polemikuri romania.
`polemikuria igi iseve rogorc Tavis droze, magram sxva viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT,
polemikuri iyo didi ilias `mgzavris werilebi." Tavisi polemikuri ganwyobilebiT
igi mimarTulia imaT winaaRmdeg, vinc nebsiT Tu uneblieT, sruli sisworiT ver
xatavs gardaxdili udidesi omis suraTs, zogjer Ralatobs istoriul simarTles da
mxatvrul simarTles, miudgomlad ver aRadgens imdroindel movlenebs da amiT
kanonier guliswyromas iwvevs mkiTxvelTa garkveul fenebSi" (vl. zambaxiZe, 1961).
romanis polemikur nawarmoebad aRiareba epigrafidan modis, sadac otia
ioseliani viqtor petroviCs uCivis: `Sen CemTan pirad saubarSi, sxvaTa Soris,
giTqvams: Tqven - qarTvelebs omi ar ginaxavTo" da cdilobs romanSi gadaSlili
suraTebiT daanaxos mas am azris mcdaroba.
 `mgonia, romanis epigrafi ufro xerxia seriozuli saubris wamosawyebad omis
Temaze, vidre romelime urwmuno Tomas– naxeT ra gadavitaneT omSio. mas mtkiceba
ar sWirdeba" (g. xuxaSvili, 1961).
romanis epigrafi garkveuli protestia rusuli samyarosadmi, romlis
politikuri ambiciebis gamo qarTvelebi germanelebis winaaRmdeg omSi maTi
teritoriebis SesanarCuneblad iZulebiT ibrZodnen. am `gauazrebeli omis" Temas
SemdegSi ioseliani ufro vrclad gaSlis romanSi `Savi da cisferi mdinare".
`ratom ibrZodnen qarTvelebi am omSi, an ra dagviSava nemecma?"- es sakiTxi Tavis
SemoqmedebaSi araerTxel dasva otia ioselianma.
`varskvlavTcvenam" didi aRiareba moutana mwerals. TiTqmis ar darCenila im
periodis kritikosi, Tavisi azri ar gamoeTqva romanis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom
60-ian wlebSi omis Temaze araerTi saintereso romani daiwera, `varskvlavTcvenam"
Tavisi niSa moipova qarTul mwerlobaSi. amis mizezi ki mwerlis originaluri
xelwera gaxda. miuxedavad am TavisTavadobisa, TiTqmis yvela kritikosi
`varskvlavTcvenis" ganxilvis dros literaturul paralelebs eZebda imdroindeli
qarTuli mwerlobis nimuSebs Soris.
pirveli kritikosi, vinc romanis am mxares miaqcia yuradReba, koba imedaSvili
iyo (k. imedaSvili, 1962).
k. imedaSvilis SefasebiT, otia ioselianis `varskvlavTcvena" bevrs moigebda,
literaturuli reminiscenciebi rom ar uSlides xels. amis magaliTad mas mohyavs
romanidan gagiJebuli dedis siuJeti, romelic dadis sofelSi da bavSvebs ekiTxeba
Tavisi daRupuli biWis ambavs.
- `Cemi ambako ar ginaxavT?"
`ar SeiZleba am qalis saxem da misma tragediam ar gagaxsenoT mixeil
javaxiSvilis `tyis kaci" da SeSlili metyeve. amave Temaze TviT otia ioselians aqvs
originalurad gadawyvetili moTxroba `levana". romanSi igive sakiTxi ar aris
axleburad gadawyvetili da ver hmatebs romans Rirsebas." (k. imedaSvili, 1962).
kritikosis zemoT xsenebuli azris sapirispirod, sainteresoa otia paWkorias
sityvebi: `da Tu aucileblad movindomebT gavlenis danaxvas, rac Cemi azriT
usafuZvloa da garegnul xasiaTs atarebs, mivceT mas ukeTesi mniSvneloba, ara
epigonisa da mimbaZvelis, aramed im gavlenaTa, romelTa niSnis qveS viTardebodnen
literatorebi da izrdebodnen mwerlebi" (o. paWkoria, 1985, gv. 164).
miuxedavad calke aRebuli am epizodis mxatvruli Rirebulebisa, is marTlac
amovardnilia konteqstidan. romanisti am sceniT cdilobs xelovnurad gaamZafros
nawarmoebis siuJeti, maSin roca SedarebiT msubuqad aris warmodgenili mTavari
gmiris cxovrebis tragedia da oTxi wlis manZilze dabadebuli bavSvis bedi.
SeSlili dedis epizodis gareSe mwerals rom ufro Rrmad ganeviTarebina gogitas
cxovrebis momavali Strixebi da am epizodisaTvis mciredi ganviTarebis saSualeba
mieca, romans met originalurobas da gamorCeulobas SesZenda da aseve srulyofils
gaxdida Janrobrivad. Tumca Tu `varskvlavTcvenas" ganvixilavT rogorc novelaTa
krebuls da ara srulyofil romans, es epizodic ar CaiTvleba zedmetad.
`varskvlavTcvena" otia ioselianma im dros Seqmna, roca gamobrZmedili
novelisti iyo. am Janrs is romanis weris drosac rom ver daexsna, es iqidanac Cans,
rom `varskvlavTcvena" novelebis krebuli ufro aris, vidre srulyofili romani.
kritikosTa mier dasaxelebuli naklovanebebi swored aqedan momdinareobs. otia
ioselianis sxva romanebSi ki `fragmentulobas da masalis araRrmad wvdomas" ver
SevniSnavT.
`varskvlavTcvena" pirveli romanis Seqmnis mcdelobaa ukve kargad gawafuli
novelisti mwerlis mxridan da es gavlenaa, kritikosTa amden kamaTs rom iwvevs.
aSkaraa, rom es ar aris axali romanis Seqmnis mcdeloba, aq udavoa Tavisive weris
stilis gavlena, radgan mweralma momavalSi ukve gansxvavebuli anu klasikuri
romanis nimuSebi Seqmna, amitom ver daveTanxmebiT cinuli qvliviZes, romlis
SefasebiTac ioselianma `varskvlavTcveniT" Seqmna `axali romanuli Janri."

damowmebuli literatura

g. xuxaSvili, 1961 - g. xuxaSvili, romani omsa da sicocxleze, `literaturuli

gazeTi", #52, 22 dekemberi, 1961.
vl zambaxiZe, 1961 - vl. zambaxiZe, mwerlis pirveli romani, mnaTobi, #11,
1961.
k. imedaSvili, 1962 - k. imedaSvili, otia ioselianis `varskvlavTcvena":
`ciskari", 1962.
n. naTaZe, 1964 - n. naTaZe, ramdenime SeniSvna mxatvrul prozaze, ciskari, #1,
1964.
o. ioseliani, 2006 - o. ioseliani, `varskvlavTcvena", 2006.
o. paWkoria, 1985 - o. paWkoria, talRebi napirisken miiswrafian, `mnaTobi",
#12, 1985.
c. qvliviZe, 1986 - c. qvliviZe, omis Tema otia ioselianis prozaSi, 1986.

TAMAR CHINCHALADZE

GENRIC PECULIARITIES OF OTIA IOSELIANI’S NOVEL

‘FALLING OF THE STARS’

‘Falling of the Stars’ brought great popularity of its author. In spite of the fact that the 60s of
the 20th c. was replete with interesting novels about the war theme, ‘Falling of the Stars’ estabished its
conspicuous place in the Georgian literature. The cause the novel became so popular stems from the
originality of the author’s style. Notwithstanding the singularity of the novel almost all the literary
critics sought for the fictional parallels with the other samples of the Georgian literature of that period.
In 1961 V.Zambakhidze was the first critic to discuss the novel. He considers it as polemical
novel of the patriotic nature.
Ts.Kvlividze thinks that in terms of the genric characteristis ‘Falling of the Stars’ belongs to the
‘New Novel.’ N.Natadze, considering the basic means of constructing the novel, does not regard
‘Falling of the Stars’ as novel in its own rights.
Otia Ioseliani composed the novel when he had already established himsel as a short story
master and he seems to have found it difficult to escape from the peculiarities of this genre. It can be
seen from the fact that ‘Falling of the Stars’ is rather a collection of short stories than the complete
novel. This is why there are so many different ideas related to the genre of the novel.