10/21/2014

The immune system

Without an anatomical address.

Immunology: An overview

Recognized more by its function.

Function: Recognition & Response
Discriminates between self and non-self.

Debasis Biswas,
Addl Professor, Microbiology,
AIIMS Bhopal

Reacts against the non-self.

Immune Response
Innate Immunity
(Local and stat)

Self
Cancer

Autoantigens

Autoimmune Diseases

Non - Self
Infections

Allergens
Transplant

Innate Immunity

Response Time

Hours

Specificity

Limited

Response to
repeat exposure
to same ag

Identical to
1ry response

Players

Adaptive Immunity
(Back- up force)
Days
Highly diverse

Anatomic
Physiologic
Phagocytic
Inflammatory

More Rapid
More Intense
More Prolonged
T lymphocytes (CMI)
B lymphocytes
(Humoral)

Phagocytosis

Anatomic Barriers
Skin: continuity
acidic pH

Physiologic Barriers
Temp: chicks & anthrax
Gastric pH
Chemical mediators:
Mucosa: normal flora
Lysozyme
mucus
Interferons
cilia
Complement
Collectins
Cell surface molecules:
Pattern Recognition Receptors

10/21/2014

Mediators of Inflammation

Acute Inflammation

Microbes:
Injured Cells & Tissues: Histamine
Serum proteins: Acute phase proteins
C- Reactive Protein (CRP): Binds to C polysacch
Activates Complement

Kinins
Inflammatory cells:
..............................Coagulation Cascade
.Repair & Regeneration

Adaptive Immunity

Cell- Mediated Immunity

MHC
Class I

MHC

105 receptor molecules / Lymphocyte

Class II

Plasma Cells Antibodies

CTL.Cytotoxicity
Cytokines B cells; Th cells; CTL; M
MEMORY CELLS..

Antigen Presenting Cells

Exogenous ag APC: Endosome Endogenous ag Nucleated cell:

viral ag; altered self ag
ER
Class II MHC
Class I MHC

Dendritic Cells
Macrophages
B cells

Antigen Processing &

Presentation

Co-stimulation

10/21/2014

Antigen presentation: SEM

Cell- Mediated Immunity

Cytokines

T Helper Cell (CD4)

Humoral Immunity

Cytotoxic T Cell (CD8)

Humoral Immunity

Ag on: surfaces of microorganisms

soluble proteins; glycoproteins; polysaccharides;
lipopolysaccharides

Adaptive Immunity
B
B
B

Ag binding
Complement Actvn
Opsonisation
Ag clearance
Tissue damage

T
T
T

cytokines

APC
cytokines

Activn of:
M
APCs
CTL
Tissue damage

10/21/2014

If you understood.

If you understood.

What are the antigen- binding molecules on

immune cells?

If you understood.

Thank You