CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER 4
PROJECT

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BETW
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PERIODS AND GROUPS

ELEMENTS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE ARE
ARRANGED IN PERIODS (ROWS) AND
GROUPS (COLUMNS).

ATOMIC NUMBER INCREASES AS YOU MOVE

ACROSS A ROW OR PERIOD.

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PERIO

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PERIOD
ROWS OF ELEMENTS ARE CALLED PERIODS.
THE PERIOD NUMBER OF AN ELEMENT SIGNIFIES THE

HIGHEST UNEXCITED ENERGY LEVEL FOR AN ELECTRON

IN THAT ELEMENT.

THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN A PERIOD INCREASES AS

YOU MOVE DOWN THE PERIODIC TABLE BECAUSE
THERE ARE MORE SUBLEVELS PER LEVEL AS THE
ENERGY LEVEL OF THE ATOM INCREASES.

S
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 COLUMNS OF ELEMENTS HELP DEFINE ELEMENT

GROUPS.
GROUPS

ELEMENTS WITHIN A GROUP SHARE SEVERAL

COMMON PROPERTIES.

GROUPS ARE ELEMENTS HAVE THE SAME

OUTER ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT.

THE OUTER ELECTRONS ARE CALLED VALENCE

ELECTRONS. BECAUSE THEY HAVE THE SAME
NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS, ELEMENTS
IN A GROUP SHARE SIMILAR CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES.

THE ROMAN NUMERALS LISTED ABOVE EACH

GROUP ARE THE USUAL NUMBER OF VALENCE
ELECTRONS. FOR EXAMPLE, A GROUP VA
ELEMENT WILL HAVE 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS.

GROUPS IN PERIODIC
TABLE

A group Is a vertical column in the Periodic table.

Group are families of elements.
The members of the family are similar but not exactly the same.
+ They have almost the same chemical properties, but differ slightly in
their physical properties.
+ They have the same number of valence electrons.
Group 1 (I) alkali metals

Group 15 (V) nitrogen group

Group 2 (II) alkaline earth metals

Group 16 (VI) chalcogens

Group 3 (III) boron group

Group 17 (VII) halogens

Group 14 (IV) carbon group

Group 18 (VII or 0) noble gases

The biggest group of elements Is called the transition metals.

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REPRES
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REPRESENTATIVE VS.
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
THERE ARE TWO SETS OF GROUPS.
THE GROUP A ELEMENTS ARE CALLED THE
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS.

THE GROUP B ELEMENTS ARE THE NONREPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS.

o The Periodic
Table is a chart
which organizes
the elements
according to
similar chemical
and physical
properties.
o The Table can
be viewed as
being
comprised of
vertical
columns and
horizontal rows.
o The vertical
columns
represent

o The Groups or Families can be

further categorized into the
Representative Elements and the
Transition Metals.
o The Representative Elements are
those elements within the first
two families (Groups I and II on
the far left) and the last six
families or groups (on the right)
of the Periodic Table.
o The Transition Metals are the
elements in those Groups within
the middle of the Table.

N
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I
T
A
WH
THE
T
N
E
M
E
EL
KEY??

EACH SQUARE ON THE PERIODIC TABLE

GIVES INFORMATION ABOUT AN
ELEMENT.

ON MANY PRINTED PERIODIC TABLES

YOU CAN FIND AN ELEMENT'S SYMBOL,
ATOMIC NUMBER, AND ATOMIC WEIGHT.

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WH
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F
DIF
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W
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B
A
D
N
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P
U
GRO
PERIOD??

 A GROUP IS ALSO CALLED A FAMILY, AND

RUNS IN COLUMNS.

ALL ELEMENTS IN A GROUP SHARE THE

SAME CHARACTERISTICS. FOR EXAMPLE,
GROUP 18: THE NOBLE GASES, DO NOT
REACT WITH ANY OTHER ELEMENTS.

ELEMENTS IN A PERIOD HOWEVER, DO

NOT SHARE THE SAME
CHARACTERISTICS.

PERIODS RUN IN ROWS.

THERE ARE 7 PERIODS AND 18 GROUPS.

THANK YOU
Member of the group
Alfred
Shin Mun