Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Ms.Corso
Spring2015
Name:_____________________________________________
Date:____________
EconomicSystems:CapitalismintheIndustrialAge
Directions:
First,takethissurveyindividuallybymarkingyourchoiceofagreeordisagreewith
anXinthecorrespondingbox.Then,discussyouranswerswiththepersonnexttoyou.Prepare
reasonsforwhyyouchosetheansweryoudid.
ModernEuro
Ms.Corso
Spring2015
ThePurposeofGovernment
JohnLocke
"Governmentbeingforthepreservationofeveryman'srightandproperty,bypreservinghim
fromtheviolenceorinjuryofothers,isforthegoodofthegoverned.(Locke,
FirstTreatise
,
Chapter9)
JeanJacquesRousseau
What,then,isthegovernment?Anintermediarybodyestablishedbetweenthesubjectsandthe
sovereignfortheirmutualcommunication,abodychargedwiththeexecutionofthelawsandthe
maintenanceoffreedom,bothcivilandpolitical.(Rousseau,
TheSocialContract
)
JohnStuartMill
Thefirstelementofgoodgovernment,therefore,beingthevirtueandintelligenceofthehuman
beingscomposingthecommunity,themostimportantpointofexcellencewhichanyformof
governmentcanpossessistopromotethevirtueandintelligenceofthepeoplethemselves.The
firstquestioninrespecttoanypoliticalinstitutionsis,howfartheytendtofosterinthemembers
ofthecommunitythevariousdesirablequalities,moralandintellectual....Thegovernment
whichdoesthisthebesthaseverylikelihoodofbeingthebestinallotherrespects,sinceitison
thesequalities,sofarastheyexistinthepeople,thatallpossibilityofgoodnessinthepractical
operationsofthegovernmentdepends.Wemayconsider,then,asonecriterionofthegoodness
ofagovernment,thedegreeinwhichittendstoincreasethesumofgoodqualitiesinthe
governed,collectivelyandindividuallysince,besidesthattheirwellbeingisthesoleobjectof
government,theirgoodqualitiessupplythemovingforcewhichworksthemachinery.(Mill,
RepresentativeGovernment
)
Answerthefollowingquestions:
1. WhatistheroleofgovernmentaccordingtoJohnLocke?
2. AccordingtoRousseau,whatisthepurposeofgovernment?
3. HowdoesMillsupporttheideasofRousseauandLocke?
4. Inyouropinion,inwhatareasdothesephilosophersagree?
ModernEuro
Ms.Corso
Spring2015
Document1:
FromtheDepths,
WilliamBalfourKer,1906
1.Whatdoyousee?
2.Whatdifferentgroupsare
representedintheimage?
3.Whatistheartist'smessageofthe
image?
4.Howdoestheimagereflectonpoliticalandeconomicfactorsthatmightimpactanation's
policychoices?
ModernEuro
Ms.Corso
Spring2015
Document2:
WritingsfromMarxandEngels
ExcerptsfromtheCommunistManifestobyFriederichEngelsandKarlMarx,1848
Themodernbourgeois(middleclass)society...hasnotdoneawaywithclassantagonisms
(hatredbetweengroupsofpeople).Ithasbutestablishednewformsofstruggleinplaceofthe
oldones.Modernindustryhasconvertedthelittleworkshopofthepatriarchal(male)masterinto
thegreatfactoryoftheindustrialcapitalist.Massesoflaborers,crowdedintothefactory,are
organizedlikesoldiers....Theyareslavesofthemachineandthemanufacturer.Insteadofrising
asindustryprogresses,theysinkdeeperanddeeperintopoverty....
"Owingtotheuseofmachineryandtodivisionoflabor,theworkoftheproletarians(worker
class)haslostallindividualcharacter,andconsequently,allcharmfortheworkmen.He
becomes[alimb]ofthemachine,anditisonlythemostsimple,mostmonotonous(boring),and
mosteasilyacquiredknack(skillorability),thatisrequiredofhim.
ExcerptfromthePrinciplesofCommunismbyFriedrichEngels,1847
Aboveall,[thegovernment]...willhavetotakecontrolofindustryandofallthebranchesof
productionoutofthehandsof...competingindividuals,andinsteadinstituteasystemasawhole,
thatisforthecommonaccount(good),accordingtoacommonplan,andwiththeparticipation
ofallmembersofsociety.Itwill...abolish(eliminate)competition....Privatepropertymust
thereforebeabolished.
1. WhatweretheidealsofCommunism,accordingtoMarxandEngels?
2. Citingevidencefromeachtest,howwouldtheseauthorsbelievetheIndustrial
RevolutionaffectedEuropeansociety?Positivelyornegatively,andwhy?
ModernEuro
Ms.Corso
Spring2015
Document3:
WritingsfromAdamSmith
ExcerptsfromTheWealthofNationsbyAdamSmith,1776
Thesolepurposeofallproductionistoprovidethebestpossiblegoodstotheconsumeratthe
lowestpossibleprice.Societyshouldassistproducersofgoodsandservicesonlytotheextent
thatassistingthembenefitstheconsumer...he[theconsumer]intendshisowngainandheisin
this,asinmanyothercases,ledbyaninvisiblehandtopromoteanendwhichwasnopartofhis
intention....Bypursuinghisowninterest,hefrequentlypromotesthatofthesociety....
Accordingtothisliberalandgeneroussystem,therefore,themostadvantageousmethodin
whichalandednationcanraiseupartificers(craftsmen),manufacturers,andmerchantsofits
own,istograntthemostperfectfreedomoftradetoartificers,manufacturersandmerchantsof
allnations.
ExcerptsfromTheTheoryofMoralSentiments,PartVI,SectionII,ChapterII,pp.
233234,paragraph17.
Themanofsystemisnothinglikethat.Heisapttobesureofhisownwisdom,andisoftenso
inlovewiththesupposedbeautyofhisownidealplanofgovernmentthathecantallowthe
slightestdeviationfromanypartofit.Hegoesontoestablishitcompletelyandindetail,paying
noattentiontothegreatinterestsorthestrongprejudicesthatmayopposeit.Heseemsto
imaginethathecanarrangethemembersofagreatsocietyaseasilyasahandarrangesthe
piecesonachessboard!Heforgetsthatthechessmens
only
sourceofmotioniswhatthehand
impressesonthem,whereasinthegreatchessboardofhumansocietyeverysinglepiecehasitsown
private
sourceofmotion,quitedifferentfromanythingthatthelegislaturemightchoosetoimpresson
it.
3. WhatweretheidealsofLaissezFaireeconomics,accordingtoAdamSmith?
4. Citingevidencefromeachtest,howwouldthisauthorbelievetheIndustrial
RevolutionaffectedEuropeansociety?Positivelyornegatively,andwhy?