Experiment 6

1. Why the distilled water to be used in this experiment need to be boiled?

Boiling the water will remove the carbon dioxide that will produce carbonic acid if not
removed. The carbonic acid will raise the pH of the analyse affecting the endpoint. The distilled
water was boiled so that the Carbonate Error would be reduced.

2. Why is a mixture of NaOH and NaHCO3 incompatible?

below.

NaOH and NaHCO3 will produce the neutral salt, Na2CO3. As explained by the equation

NaOH + NaHCO3 Na2C3 + H2O

3. Why the solution needs to be boiled before reaching the methyl orange endpoint?
Boiling the solution removes the carbon dioxide, and removing the carbo dioxide will give a
more accurate endpoint.

4. What are the basic components of unknown soda ash sample based on the volume
relationship at the phenolphthalein and methyl orange endpoints? Report the
percentage of components and report percent error.
Vph > Vmo;

NaOH and

Na2CO3

5. What are the possible sources of errors and their effect on the calculated parameters?
Rationalize.
The possible sources of errors would be if there were any bubbles in the burette, if there is
a presence of carbon dioxide or over titration. The presence of bubbles or carbon dioxide would
decrease the molarity of HCl. Over titration would result in a higher calculated molarity than the
expected. Also errors in the preparation of the solutions will affect the calculated parameters.