Name Class My SPM Target 2014 My Chemistry Target SPM 2014 : Chemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) DIFFICULT topic to master EASY topic to master Chemistry SPM - 4541 Form 4 Chap. 1: Introduction to Chemistry Chap. 2 : The structure of Atom Chap. 3 : Chemical formulae and Equations Chap. 4 : Periodic Table of Elements Chap. 5 : Chemical bonds Chap. 6 : Electrochemistry Chap. 7 : Acid and Bas Chap. 8 : Salts Chap. 9 : Manufactured of Substances in Industry 1| Page Form 5 Chap. 1: Rate of Reaction Chap. 2: Carbon Compounds Chap. 3 : Redox Chap. 4 : Thermochemistry Chap. 5: Chemical for Consumers hitp://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) a. #Must know how to construct chemical formulae Tonic Covalent # Cross method Example: (i) Sodium chloride NaCl (ii) Magnesium oxide MgO (iii) Aluminium oxide Al2.O3 (iv) Ammonium sulphate NHa4)25O,4 (v) Ammonium nitrate NH,4NO3 (i) Carbon dioxide COz2 (ii) Tetrachloromethane CCl, AHH Siri Cemerlang Kimia - Set 02 hitp://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) b. # Equation => 4 Type 1. Synthesis (Gabung) When element react with element to produce element. Magnesium burn with oxygen wv. aN: + Chk. > 2 NaCl Seatium burn with chlorine 2. Single replacement (Singkir) When element react with compound to produce compound and element. (i. Metal reacts with acieh (ii). - Halogen react with halide (chap. 03 redox) 3. Double Replacement (Ganti) When compound react with compound to produce compound and compound », AgNO3 + NaCl > AgCl + NaNO HNOs + NaOH > NaNO3 + H20 Neutralisation / Acid and alkall/bases 2 HCl + CuCOz3 > CuCly + H20 + CO2 Acid and carbonate (ii). . (ii). 4. Decomposition (Urai) When compound decompose by heating. fy. CUCOs >. CuO + CO2 Carbonate salt Cu(NOs3)2 > CuO + NO2 + O2 (i). Nitrate salt 3| Page hitp://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) ©. #Balance Equation Tips: 1, Focus to compound. Make it even. 2. Then look for element/compound that was impacted. 3. Write the equivalent for each element/compound. Let's Try: Ie 2. 10. Note: 2Al+ 3Cle — 2AICls No + 3H2 — 2NH3 2CO + O2 > 2CO2 4Al+ 302 — 2Al03 2KNO3 — 2KNO2 + O2 2Ag20 > 4Ag + Oo 2Fe203+ 3C > 4Fe+ 3CO2 CoHe + 302 — 2CO2 + 2H20 2FeCls + 3(NHa)S—> FeoS3+ 6NHACI 2C4Hio + 1302 8CO2 + 10H20 Must simplified! ##4## Siri Cemerlang Kimia - Set 03 4| Page hitp://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) @. #Calculation Involving Equation 1, Aluminium reacts with Copper (Il) oxide, CuO to produce aluminium oxide and copper. Find the mass of aluminium required to react completely with 12 g of copper (II) oxide? [RAM: Al=27, O=16, Cu=64] [Answer = 2.7g] 2a + = 3Ccu0 > ALOs pa ocu Info | Ratio | Solve Given 12 g is mass Info_| Solve || Question ask mass Element [CuO] Al The formula used Mol From | 3 | 2 || The formula used mol = __mass egaution Mol =_mass imolar mass Mol from [0.15 | 0.1 Tolar mass = 12/80 calculation .15 mol ‘Then change to mass = mol X molar mass 0.1.X 27 27 g 16 g of copper (II) oxide, CuO is reacted with excess methane, CH; + CHa(g) > 4 Cu(s) + COAg) + = 220 () quation above, find the mass of copper that is produced. 14, O= 16] [Ans. 12.8 g] Info | Ratio | Solve Given 16 g is mass [_Info_| Solve || Question ask mass Element__[ CuO | Cu ‘The formula used || Mol From 4 4 || The formula used ‘mol mass eqaution Mol =__mass imolar mass |{Mol from | 0.2 | 0.2 molar mass = 16 / [64+16] calculation 16 / 80 ‘Then change to .2 mol mass = mol X molar mass =0.2 X64 =128¢ #H4#8 Siri Cemerlang Kimia ~ Set 04 5 | Page hitp://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) ¢. #Electrolysis #4 Half Equation: [We talking about metal to form metal ion. STILL DISCUSS the SAME metal. DIFFERENT: before and after. Or vice versa. SAME with non-metal] i, Metal to Cation [Metal donate electrons, form ion] X --> Ket ¢ne- i, Non-Metal to Anion [Non Metal receive electrons form ion] Y + ne- -- > Ye Metal | Half Equation Non-Metal | Half Equation K |KKte Cl [Ch +2e > 2cr- Na |Na >Nav+e Br | Brz + 2e > 2Br- Cu | Cu > Cur +2e T I+ 2e 5 2 Ag |Ag > Ag te ° 02 + 4e > 207 ii. Cation to Metal [Cation receive electrons, form metal] Ket +ne- -->X ii, Anion to Non-Metal [Anion donate electrons form non-metal] You > Y+ne- Metal__| Half Equation Non-Metal | Half Equation K [Kr+e3K cr 2C1 > Ch + 2e Na’ [Na +e Na Br 2Br > Br, + 2e- Cu | Cut +2e > Cu I 2 3 +2 Ag | Ag’ +e> Ag oF 202 > 02 + 4e HW | 2H*#2e 3H, On | 40H > 2,0 +0, +4e # Predict the products formed at the electrodes from the electrolysis of molten Lead{II) bromide, PbBr2. (lons that are present) Molten lead{(I!) bromide Pb? Br { Movement of ions) Br + Pb2* To anode To cathode (Half equation) ¥ ‘ 2Br- >Br2 + 2e At Anode Pb** + 2e > Pb At Cathode (Products formed) + <—Atnode + Bromine gas Lead metal At Cathode 6| Page hitp://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) # Predict the products formed at the electrodes from the electrolysis of 0.0001 mel dm? Lead(II) bromide, PbBr2 solution. 0.0001 mol dm" lead|tI) bromide Pb, Br, Ht, OH (lons that are present) (Movement of ic Br, OH To anode bse To cathode (Half equation) ¥ v 4OH'2H,0+0; +42 |qnAt Anode 2H" + 2e > Hy At Cathode > (Products formed) v v — ‘Oxygen gas TERnode Hydrogen gas At Cathode # Predict the products formed at the electrodes from the electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm Lead(II) bromide, PbBr2 solution, 1.0 mol dm* lead(t!) bromide | Consists of Pb, Br, Ht, OH- A orem sd (lons that are present) Br, OH To anode Poe, He To cathode (Half equation) + ¥ 2Br-DBr2 + 2e Je——At Anode Pb* + 2e > Pb At Cathode (Products formed) ¥ ¥ Bromine gas 2MgO (c) Why was the crucible lid opened once in a while during the experiment? [1M] ‘To allow oxygen gas enter, to continue the burning process and complete the reaction (a) Metal X is placed below hydrogen in the reactivity series. You are required to carry out an experiment to determine the empirical formula of the oxide of metal X. the apparatus provided are combustion tube, glass tube, cork, Bunsen burner and porcelain dish (i) Draw the labelled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment. [2M] Burning of excess hydrogen gas Metal oxide NN + Dry hydrogen tt (ii) Describe the steps should be taken to ensure that all the air in the combustion tube has been expelled. [3M] 1. collect the gas used test tube . put the burning/ light-up wooden splinter into the test tube [method] 3. no pop sound produce [result] 11 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) [SPM04-03] Diagram 3 shows the set up to investigate the electrolysis of dilute copper (1) sulphate solution. Gas Dilute copper(II) sulphate solution Carbon. electrode Y Carbon electrode X tI Diagram 3 (a)(i) What meant by cation? [1M] ‘The positive charge ion (ii) What is energy change that occurs in the electrolysis process? [1M] Electrical energy to chemical energy (b) In the electrolysis of dilute copper (Il) sulphate solution: (i) State all the ions in the electrolyte [1M] Copper (Il) ion Cu2+, Hydrogen ion H*, Sulphate ion SO. and hydroxide ion, OH- (ii) In the table below, write the ions in (b) (i) which moved to electrodes X and Y. [1M] Electrode X Electrode Y Sulphate ion SO. and hydroxide | Copper (il) ion Cu", Hydrogen ion H” ion, OH (iii) What are the processes that occur at electrodes X and Y? [1M] Electrode X: oxidation Electrode Y: reduction (iv) What would you observe at electrode Y? [1M] Brown solid deposited / electrode became thicker (v) What is the colour change of the electrolyte? [1M] Blue to colourless 12| Page hnttp://cikguadura. wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) (c)(i) Name the gas collected in the test tube at electrode X. [1M] Oxygen gas (ii) The volume of gas collected at electrode X is 20.0 em. How many moles of the gas were collected? [1M] [1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 24.0 dm® at room temperature and pressure. No of Mole of gas = 20/1000 / 24 = 8.3 x 10+ (iii) Based on the answer in (c} (ii), what is the number of gas molecules collected? Use the information that Avogadro number is 6.02 X 102 mol". [1M] No of molecules gas = 8.3 x 10- x 6.02 x 10% = 5.01 X 10% [SBPtrial08-02] Diagram 2 shows the setup of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of silver nitrate solution with carbon electrodes and copper(ll) sulphate solution with copper electrodes. Carbon electrode Copper electrode Silver nitrate solution Copper(I!) sulphate solution Diagram 2 (a) What is the energy change in electrolysis? [1M] Electrical (energy) to chemical (energy) (b) Write the formulae of all the ions present in silver nitrate solution. [1M] Ag’ , H*/H:0* , NOs , OH 13 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) (c) In the electrolysis of Cell 1 (i) What is the observation at electrode B? [1M] Shiny grey / silvery grey solid deposited (ii) Write the half equation for the reaction at electrode B. [1M] Ag +e > Ag (d) In the electrolysis of Cell 2. (i) What is the observation at electrode C? [1M] Becomes thinner / size becomes smaller / mass decreases the half equation for the r * +2e .ction at electrode C. [1M] (c) What are the processes that occur at electrodes A and D? [2M] Electrode A : Oxidation Electrode D_: Reduction () State which cells the concentration of electrolyte remains unchanged. [1M] Cell 2 (g) State one application of electrolysis in industrial. [1M] Electroplating /purification of metals/extraction of metals [SBPdiag05-03] Figure 2 shows a voltaic cell. Copper is below zinc in Electrochemical Series. Suis 0, voltmeter Zine (negative terminal) { Copper (Positive terminal) 1— Porous Pot Zinc sulphate Solution . Copper (II) Sulphate solution (a) What is the function of Porous Pot? [1M] Separate 2 solution/ electrolyte and Allow the ions through it and complete the cireuit (b) On figure 2, {i) mark the positive terminal (+) and negative terminal (-) this cell. (ii) draw arrows to indicate the direction of the flow of electron in the [2M] 14 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) (c) Write the half equation for the reaction at [2M] 2e > cu Zn + 2 (i) Copper electrode (ii) Zine electrode (d) State two observations from this experiment. [2M] Blue colour of copper (II) sulphate turn to colourless Brown solid deposited / copper electrode became thicker ‘The voltmeter show a reading Zinc electrode became thinner [choose 2 only] (e) State the energy changing in this cell. [1M] Chemical energy to electrical energy (f) Voltaic cell for the zine metal and copper metal is 1.1 V (i) If zinc metal is replaced with magnesium, predict the voltage obtained. [1M] More/ bigger than 1.1 V (ii) Explain your answer in (f) (i) [1M] Magnesium is higher than zinc in electrochemical series // Magnesium more electropositive form zinc in electrochemical series ‘The distance between magnesium with copper is bigger than the distance between zinc with copper in electrochemical series #How to answer essay questions [SPMO6-10] Diagram 10 shows the arrangement of particles of a compound in two different states, X and Y. State X State Y Diagram 10 (a) The compound can conduct electricity in state X but cannot do so in state Y. Name one example of a compound with this property. [1M] (b) Write one of the two half equation for the electrolysis of the compound you named in 10(a). [3M] (c) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that you can use to electrolyse the compound you named in 10(a) In your drawing, show by using arrows the movement of particles that occurs in the compound. [10M] 15 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) (d) Describe the electrolysis process that occurs in 10 (c). [6M] Answer (a) sodium chloride (b) Atanode: 2Cl - Ck + 2e // At cathode: Nav +e —» Na {c) Battery {11 Ammeter (A) Anode: Cathode: Graphite electrode Graphite electrode (positive terminal) (negative terminal ‘Molten sodium. chloride D. During electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, Chloride ions are attracted to the anode whereas sodium ions are attracted to the cathode. At the anode, Cl ions are discharged to form chlorine gas. 2Cl + Ch + 2e At the cathode, Na’ are Nat +e — Na ischarged to form sodium. 16 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) [SBPtrial05-03] Figure 2 shows the series of reaction done by a student to determine compound J. Compounds | —heated —_, Brown K Gas with acidic property Dissolve in Colourless L Gas + aed Solid M White precipitateQ | Reaction! Reaction Il Dissolve in 7 Colourless J White excess Sodium solution precipitate R a +NaOH(aq) +NaSOdaq) Figure 2 (a.) Name (i) K Gas : nitrogen dioxide [1M] (ii) L Gas : Oxygen [1M] (b) Based on reaction I, J solution produces white precipitate Q which dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide solution. Write all the cations formulae that are expected to exist in J Solution. [1 M] Pb, Al, Zn 2 (c) Based on reaction I and reaction II, name the cation exists in J solution. [1M] Lead (Il) ion (d) State the observation when the solid M is cooled. [1M] Solid M when hot is brown colour and yellow colour when cool. (e) Write the ionic equation for reaction to produce white precipitate R. [1M] Pb +S0, 2 > Pb SO; (f) Name the compound J. [1M] Lead(Il) Nitrate (g) lijwrite the equation for decomposition of compound J by heating process. [1M] 2Pb(NOs)2 + 2PbO + 4NO2 + Oz (ii) Explain how to confirmatory test for L gas. [2M] Put the glowing splinter into the test tube contain the gas Glowing splinter will ignite 17 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) #Tips ###4#To prepare salts (Soluble and insoluble) GaRAK-2 : Soluble Salt [For other than Potassium, K, Sodium, Na and ammonium, NH;] [Acid with metal oxide] [Acid with metal carbonate] [Acid with metal] Symbol Explanation Heat acid 4 | Add bit by bit Stir the solution Add until excess ¥ _| Filter to remove excess or residue E _| Evaporate the solution until saturated € _| Cool the solution at room temperature for crystallisation Y | Filter the mixture © _| Rinse a little with distil water and dry using filter paper 2. Construct the GaRAK-3 - Symbol for experiment to prepare insoluble salt : Symbol Explanation + | Add two solution of soluble salt Y | Filter the mixture © _| Rinse a little with distil water and dry using filter paper 18 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) Example used GaRAK 1. The chemicals supplied are © Zinc oxide © Sodium carbonate solution © Dilute nitric acid Describe briefly how you can prepare a sample of dry zine carbonate in the laboratory. Include in your answer all chemical equations involved. Explanation: 1. Zine carbonate is insoluble salt. -- > Preparation Insoluble Salt. -- > must use two soluble salt solution 2. How to get soluble salt? -- > reaction Acid with > Metal > Metal Oxide [Zinc oxide] --> Metal Carbonate [Sodium Carbonate. Cannot because its solution] Answer : 1, Reaction Dilute nitric acid with zinc oxide. [GaRAK-2] Equation: 2HNO; + ZnO --> Zn(NOsj2 + 2H,0 Symbol | Explanation + 1, Heat 200 em® of 0.5 mol dm HNOs in 250 cm? beaker 2. add bit by bit ZnO 3. stir the mixture 4. and continue add ZnO until excess Y 5. filter to remove excess ZnO 6. 7. 8. then evaporate the solution until saturated alter that, left the solution for cool at room temperature for crystallisation Y filter the mixture [Then we get the zine nitrate solution. We will use in next step] © | [This step no need, because we want the solution. Not dry salt ‘Then 2. Reaction zine nitrate solution with sodium carbonate solution Equation : Zn(NOs}2 + NasCOs > ZnCOs + 2NaNOs Symbol _| Explanation + 1. 50 cm® of 0.5 moldm~ of Zn(NOs): was added into 50 cm® of 0.5 moldm= of NasCOs in 250 cm* beaker Y 2. stir the mixture. The filter the mixture O | 3. Rinse a little with distil water and dry using filter paper NOTE! MUST Stated the concentration and volume of solution. Example: 20 em® of 0,001 mol dm- nitric acid was pored into 200 em® beaker and heat. 19 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) # Example 1 2HNO, > Zn(NO,), + H,0 # Example 2 #Pre solution MgSO, + K,CO; > _MgCO,+ K,SO, r=] “4 MgCO;, + 2HCI Mg Deca en yest Rene cd ren 20 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) Let Try, [SPMO3-10] (c) You are required to prepare dry magnesium chloride salt. The chemicals supplied are: * magnesium sulphate solutions * dilute hydrochloric acid * potassium carbonate solution Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the chemical equation involved. [10M] fwrite the answer Chemical Equation MgSO; + K.COo > MgCOs + 2KNOs 1, 100 cm’ of 1.0 mol dm’ magnesium sulphate solutions was poured into 100 cm$ of 1.0 mol dm Potassium Carbonate Solution in 250 cm‘ of beaker. ‘The mixture was stir. 2. After that, the mixture was filter. 3. The residue is magnesium carbonate. Chemical Equation MgCOs + 2 HCl > MgCl + H20 4. 100 cm? of dilute hydrochloric acid was heated in 250 cm? of beake: 5. Then magnesium carbonate powder was add bit by bit into 100 cm® of dilute hydrochloric acid. 6. The mixture was stir. 7. Continue adding magnesium carbonate until ex 8. After that, filter the mixture to remove excess of magnesium carbonate. The filtrate is Magnesium chloride. 9. Transfer it into evaporating dish and heat the evaporating dish until the solution was saturated. 10. Then leave the solution to cool at room temperature for crystallisation process. 11. After that, filter the mixture. The residue is Magnesium chloride. 12. Rinse a little distil water onto magnesium chloride and dried it by using filter paper. 21 | Page http://cikguadura.wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) #Tip #####Confirmatory Test for Anion Ton | Reagan ‘Observation COs | Reaction with acid CO; gas release CE | AgNOs solution White precipitate (AgCl) SO.* | BaCh solution White precipitate (BaSO:) NOs | F280; dilute + FeSO; Brown Ring form - Shake then slanted +3 drops H.SO, concentrated TECHNIQUE TO REMEMBER ANION TEST ib oreisteKcs Se Seats haere [os 22 | Page hnttp://cikguadura. wordpress.comChemistry Workshop - SPM 2014 (Paper 2) #Tips ###4# Contact Proses # Stage for production of sulphuric acid S +0,>/SO, SO, +O, >'SO, SO, + H,SO,>'H,S,0, erect + H,O > H,SO, 23 | Page hnttp://cikguadura. wordpress.com