Ecolex 2 Ke

PaKTI 2
Exr-Gg;eKs
Part Two: Khmer English
sTanuRkmesdkic PaKTI 2
v. write down
kk/ bgk freeze, bgkebovtSr_ min[cuHeLIg
ktikasBaa kicRBmeRBogCapvkar pact

kta factor
ktacMNUlbzm primary factor income
ktaeFVIeGaymansirPaBCasVyRbvti built-in
kt;sMKal;/ KYr[ noticeable, karERbRbYl ~
wage freeze
kkkuj/ PaB bottleneck

kk; v. deposit
kk;/ R)ak; n. deposit, ~ mun advance deposit
kekIt/ kar inception
kgVl; n. concern
kgVH n. lack, ~ tulPaB lack of balance,
~ TMnukcit lack of confidence
kgVH n. shortage, ~ TMgn; shortage in weight
kgVH ]> fvika shortfall
kgVHxat n. shortcoming ( characteristics/
quality of sth or s.o)
noticeable change
stabilisers
ktabMElgsg;dar standard-conversion
factor (SCF)
ktaplTunbreTssuT net foreign factor

income (NFFI)
ktaplitkmbzm primary factor of

production
ktarUbvn physical factor

ktatMl factor cost, ~ bzm primary
factor cost
kBab;fvika package budget

kBab;ebovtSr_ ebovtSr_ nigR)ak;]btmepSg
sMrab;kargarGVImYy pay/salary package
kBab;ExSTsSnkic package tour
kBaM cluster, smasFaturYmCa ~ cluster of
elements
kNal adj. central, FnaKar ~ central bank

kt;Rta n. record
kt;Rta/ Edlmin)an unrecorded
kt;Rtaxag\NTan v. credit
kt;Rtaxag\NBn v. debit
kt;RtabBaH tMlRTBskm kgbBaIKNeny
105
knkTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer basket

kEng place
kEng eFVIkar TMenr vacancy
kEnglk;ecj outlet
kmkr worker, workman
kmkrkMBg;Ep docker, stevedore
kmnsal manufacture, TMnij ~
manufactured goods
kmnsalkm manufacturing
kmvt n. objective
kmvFi CI nM yY breTs foreign-aid programme
Economic Lexicon Part 2
kmviFIneya)ay rbs;KNbkS political
nigensaT Ministry of Agriculture
platform, platform
Forestry and Fisheries
kmviFIbBab;BlkredaykgVHkargar
ksikmRKan;EtmYyrs; m> CIvRBwti/ ksikm
redundancy programme
subsistence agriculture
kmviFIskmPaB programme of action

kmviFI\NTanpal; direct-lending schemes
kmvi)ak m> TNkm sanction
kmvisyPaB objectivity
kmsikSakarI trainee or intern (US)
kmsiTi ownership
kmsiTi/ kar)anmkCa acquisition
kmsiTikr rW mas; owner, proprietor (of a
ksidan farm, brikar ~ farm equipment

ksipl rW plitplksikm agricultural
product
ksi-BaNiCkm agribusiness
ksi-]sSahkm agro-industry
kaksMNl; waste, ~ rav liquid waste, ~ rwg
solid waste
house, business...)
kmsiTiKankalkMNt; freehold property

kmsiTidIFI land ownership
kmsiTibBaa intellectual property
kmsiTiRsbc,ab; legal ownership
krNIKanlTPaBsg event of default
krNIbnan;/ kg in case of emergency
krNIyutisaRs n. tulakar precedent
ksag/ CalkN constructive, karTieton ~
constructive criticism
ksageKalneya)ay/ kar policy formulation

ksagCasabn v. institutionalise
ksageFVI BiesssMrab;GtifiCnNamak;
custom-built/made
ksikm agriculture, RksYg ~ rukaRbmaj;

106
katBVkic obligation, man ~ to have the

obligation, Ca ~ obligatory
katBVkic/ Ca compulsory, karRtYtBinit ~
compulsory inspection
kat;kg v. deduct
kat;kgecj/ Gac adj. deductible, ~ BIcMnUl
Cab;Bn tax deductible
kat;Ka v. intersect (graph lines)
kat;ecj CakarBiny forfeit
kat;fmin)an adj. invaluable
kat;bny/ kar reduction, curtailment,
~ fvika budget reduction, ~ PaBRkIRk
poverty reduction
kat;bnycMnay/ kar expense reduction,

retrenchment
kat;sg/ BnKy duty drawback

katalIkr catalyst, tYnaTICa ~ catalyst role
kataLk esovePA catalogue

kan;/ Gk holder, ~ mUlb,TanbRt holder
time work
of a cheque
kan;kab;/ kar possession

kan;kab;/ kar ]> cUleTArs;enAelIdILt_
occupation
kan;kab;CakarepJITuk hold in trust

kan;kab;dI/ kar land tenure
kan;kab;tMENg/ ryeBl tenure
kan;kab;RtwmRtUv/ Gk holder in due course
kan;kab;EfTaM/ Gk caretaker (of a motor
kargareCIgsar brokerage
kargareRbIxYrk,al EdlRtUvriHKit mental job
kargareBjem:ag full-time work
kargarmineBjem:ag part-time work
kargarlitelac odd job
karedaHRsay resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict
resolution
kan;criya v. behave
kan;bBaI/ Gk bookkeeper
kan;Baksna v. abide by a promise
kab;eQI/ kar logging, ~ xusc,ab; illegal
karEtl cartel
karbdiesFc,ab;rd civil disobedience
karR)ak; interest, ~ smas compound
interest, ~ x<s;Tab high/low interest,
~ samBa simple interest, kalKit ~
interest period, GRta ~ interest rate
karR)ak;)anKitbEnm accrued interest
karR)ak;mkTl;bcb,n interest to date
karR)ak;minTan;sg back interest
karR)ak;viCman positive interest (interest
logging
rate higher than inflation rate)
vehicle)
kan;kab;bBaIKNeny v. maintain
accounting book
kayvikar gesture
kargar work
kargar eTogTat;manR)ak;kMr employment
kargar/ eQaH job title
kargarkgkariyaly office job, white-
karR)ak;GviCman GRtakarR)ak;TabCagGRta
GtiprNa negative interest
karBar/ kickar- protection, ~ brisan
environment protection
karBarkarxatbg; EdlRtUv)an hedged

karsikSakrNI bkrNIsikSa case study
kariybriecT financial year
kariybriecT sareBIBn/ hirBavt>>> year
collar job
kargarRkdassam paperwork
kargarKitem:ag TUTat;kMrtamcMnYn em:ag/ f
107

(fiscal, financial...)
kariyaFibety bureaucracy, red tape,

officialdom
kariyaly bureau, ~ kargar employment

bureau GkeFVIkar ~ bureaucrat
kariyalyKNeny accounting office
kariyalycuHeQaHGke)aHeqat voter
registration station
kariyalytMNagRbcaMRbeTs
kalviPaK schedule/timetable
kalviPaKfI/ eFVI reschedule (loan)
kalaTikrN_sniTanIy_ m> rMMBwgsmehtupl/kar
kalanuvtiPaB opportunity
kalikbRt TsSnavdI/ RBwtibRt>>> periodical
kickarCMnYj transaction
kicRBmeRBogeprkicsna [PaKITI3
novation
country-representative office
kariyalyFM head office

kariyalye)aHeqat polling station
kariyalybrR)ak; exchange office
kariyalyplB; t m anBIkti ni am nshRKas>>>
kicR BmeRBogTUeTAsIBItaragBnKy nigBaNiCkm

hat; GATT (General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade)
kariyalyrkkargareGayeFIV employment
kics na contract, ~ lk;kargar contract of

sale/work, buKlikrdCab; ~ contract public
employee, Cab;eRkam ~ adj. under
contract, cuH ~ v. contract, GkcuHkicsna
agency
contractor
credit bureau
kariyalyrab;snwkeqat vote-counting
kicsna/ c,ab;n law of contract

kicsnaCalaylkN_GkSr deed
kicsnaCYlTijpac; rW kicsnaTijbNak;
station
kariyaelxanukar m> kariyaly/ GkeFVIkar

bureaucrat
kal kMNt;bBati specified period

kalkMNt; deadline
kalkMNt; time, rUbiyaNtiman ~ time draft
kalkMNt;RbKl;TMnij time limit for delivery
kalbriecT date
kalbriecTGnaKt/ cuH v. post-date
kalvsan maturity
108
hire-purchase agreement
kicsnaTij-lk; bargain and sale

kicsnabn/ cuH subcontract, Gk ~
subcontractor
kicsnaEbgEckplitkm productionsharing contract (PSC)
kicsnamankalkMNt; terminal contract

kicsnalk; TMnij sale contract
kicsnashRbtibtikarBaNiCkm business
cooperation contract (BCC)
kicsnaesva service contract

kicsnaesarkgd turnkey contract
kitinam reputation, credibility
kitisB good reputation
kitanuPaB prestige
kinRsUv/ kar paddy husking
kiriyamayaT conduct
kugtWnr container
kugsg;sus consensus
kugsrsm consortium
kugsuI bBaaM pawnbroker
kub,km n. riot, eFVI ~ v. riot
kumynis communist
kulalPaCn_ ceramics, plitpl ~ ceramic
product
kusl merit , good deed

kuslkic good deed, charity
kUd/ elxkUd code, kardak;elx ~ coding, kar
bkRsay ~ ERbCaPasaFmtavij decoding
kUdkm strike
kUta quota, karkMNt; ~ fixing of quotas
kUtanaMcUl import quota
kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk mortgagor/ mortgager
kUnesovePApSBVpSay brochure
kUr:um quorum
109
ekItdMNalKa/ kar RBwtikarN_ concurrence

ekItman/ kar incidence
ekIn v. increase, rise
ekInCadMNak;/ Edl incremental
ekInmYyCabI v. treble
ekInmYyCaBIr v. double
ekIneLIg v. gain
ekogKr v. lobby
ekobsgt; v. exert pressure
ekgRbvBa/ kar embezzlement
ekgRbvBaRTBsm,tisaFarN/ kar
misappropriation of public funds
ekNRbmUl v. mobilise
ekNRbmUlR)ak;snSMkCn/ kar
mobilisation of private savings
ekreQaH reputation
ekreQaHCMnYj n. goodwill
ekrmrtk heritage, patrimony
ekrxagRsI dowry
Ek/ kar BakelxbBaIKNeny>>>edaykar
ekaslub rW karsresrRtYt>>> alteration
Ekc/ kar plitpl processing, viBaabnbRt
bBaak;BIkEngEkc certificate of processing
EkceLIgvij/ kar recycling
EktMrUv v. adjust, KNnI ~ adjustment
account, kta ~ adjustment factor (AF),
tMl ~ adjustment value, elxna ~
kMNt; v. determine, fix, specify

kMNt;/ nafEdl)an on appointed days
kMNt;kUta/ kar fixing of quotas
kMNt;Rta n. record
kMNt;ffkMNt; CarUbiyvtkgRsuk v. & n.
adjusting entries (accounting)
EktMrUv/ kar rectification

EkTMrg; v. reform
EkERbdIFIeLIgvij/ kar land restructuring
EklMG/ kar improvement
EksMrYl adj. revised, Epnkar ~ revised plan
ekaslvicy expertise, valuation
ekasikasniPaBeGaypSarPab;Kal/ BRgwg
quote in local currency
kMNt;TUeTA general points (in text of law)

kMNt;RbePTTMnij/ kar categorisation of
goods
strengthen the fabric of peace
kMcIKankalkMNt; eBlTarRtUvsg demand

loan
kMcIKanvtFana fiduciary loan

kMcI R)ak;kcM I loan, ~ pas;pHfI bridging loan,
~ karR)ak;Tab soft loan, ~ KankarFana
unsecured loan, ~ KankalkMNt; loan at
call (pay back when required), ~ )anebIk
pl; loan disbursed
kMcIEdlmas;bMNulGacTarykvij)anPam
money at call
kMcIenACMBak; outstanding loan

kMcIpal;xn personal loan
kMcIBi)akTar non-performing loan
kMcImankarR)ak;efreTArksuI/ kareRbI leverage
kMcImankarR)ak;Tab/ kMcIKankarR)ak; soft loan
kMcImanrbs;bBaaM collateral loan
kMcIsMrab;sg;TijpH housing loans
110
kMNt;Bn/ Gk assessor of taxes

kMNt;RBMRbTl;/ kar demarcation (boundary)
kMNt;sMKal; note
kMNt;sMGag Fanar:ab;rg cover note
(insurance)
kMNay n. excavation
kMeNIt/ GRta birth rate
kMeNIn growth, increase, rise, gain,
GRta ~ growth rate
kMeNInkartantwg TMnas; escalation
kMeNIntamfak;/ GRtaBn progessive tax rate
kMeNInRbCaCnkMritsUn zero population
growth (ZPG)
kMENtMrUv adjustment
kMENtMrUvrcnasm<n structural adjustment,
kMcIsMrab; ~ structural adjustment loan
kMENTMrg; n. reform, ~ dIFI land reform,
~ RbBnyutiFm judicial reform, ~ Bndar
fiscal reform, ~ visyensaT nigClpl

fisheries reform
kMENERb modification
kMBg;EppkTMnij port of loading/shipment
kMBg;EpBaNiCkm commercial port
kMBg;EpsmuRT seaport
kMBugcab;kMeNIt nascent, esdkic ~ nascent
economy
kMBugdMeNIrkar/ skmPaB ongoing activity

kMBugplit xg;KNnIsMrab;kt;RtaRTBkMBug
plit work in progress (WIP)
kMBTrFuntUc minicomputer
kMr/ PaB scarcity
kMrgr)aykarN_ series of reports
kMritRBMEdn/ dak; v. limit, kar ~ limitation

kMritmUldan local/grassroots level
kMritmUldannkareRbIR)as; base level of
consumption
kMrityl;dwg level of understanding,

cognitive level
kMritelg margin of error

kMr earnings, ~ rk)an earned fees
kMr fee, ~ GaCJabN licence fee
kMreCIgsar brokerage
kMreCIgsarFanakarTUTat; del credere
commission
kMrykelIs elIskMritsmrm overcharge

kMresva service fees
kMreCIgsar commission, karlk;yk ~
kMrit level, dose, margin, eRcIn ~ multilevel, ~ eGayxIR)ak; margin of lending,

~ R)ak;cMeNj margin of profit, ~ suvtiPaB
safety margin, ~ GPivDn_ level of
commission sale
development
kMriteKal benchmark
kMritcab;ERbRbYl m> kaMQancUl threshold
kMritCIvPaB standard of living, living
standard
kMritCMnaj qualification
kMritTMenarnkareRbIR)as;bEnm marginal
kMreCIgsar/ yk v. charge a commission

kMlaMg force, power, ~ TIpSar market forces
kMlaMgpal;xn/ eday adj. unaided
kMlaMgBlkm labour force, workforce,
force
kMlaMgrujRcan momentum
kMsan esva recreation (service)
kMsan/ kar entertainment, mNl ~
entertainment centre
kMhat loss, ~ Cak;Esgsrub actual total

loss, ~ srubsuT absolute total loss
propensity to consume
kMritTMenarnkarsnSMbEnm marginal
111
kMhateFVIGaCIvkm eBlR)ak;cMNUl)anticCag
R)ak;cMNayecj trading losses
kMhab;nsarFatu/ kMrit concentration level
of a substance
kMhit n. constraint
kMhit/ kardak;kMhit restriction,~ n\NTan
credit restrictions
kMhti / dak; v. restrict, ~ elI\NTan restrict

credit
kMhusqg malpractice
kaMQancUl n. threshold
ekaHsakSI v. tulakar subpoena
kgtMENg in post
kgrgVg;kBaM intra-cluster
kgRsuk domestic, RTBskm ~ domestic
assets (bank), \NTan ~ domestic
credit, tMrUvkarkarpt;pg; ~ domestic
demand/supply
kgRsuk m> mUldan local

k,ac; n. ]bkrN_buraNsMrab;Kitelx abacus
k,aldI m> dILt_ plot
k,alma:sIunkMeNInesdkic engine of
Rkb frame
RkbxN cadre, ~ mnIraCkar public cadre, ~
Pak;garrd)al cadre of administrative agent
RkbxN framework, frame, ~ c,ab; legal
framework, ~ eBlevla timeframe
Rkm code, ~ BaNiCkm commercial code
RkmsIlFm code of conduct/ethics
RkLabBaI court clerks
RkeLkemIleTAGtItkal/ kar retrospection
RkahVik graphic
RkIRk/ PaB poverty, karkat;bny ~ poverty
reduction, bnat;RkIRk ~ poverty line
Rkwt decree
Rkumkargar working group, task force
RkumKMrUtag sample group
RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg board of management
RkumRbwkSaFmnuBa Constitutional Council
RkumRbwkSaPi)al board of directors
RkumRbwkSaPi)alRbtisiTiCn trusteeship
council
RkumRbwkSaviny GksMercdak;vinyelIbuKlik
economic growth
disciplinary council
RkdasR)ak; luyRkdas bank note,
RkumRbwkSavinieyaK board of investment
paper money
(BOI)
RkdaseBIelo flimsy paper

RkdassamBaNiCkm commercial paper
RkNat; cloth, material
RkumRbwkSasnisux Security Council (UN)

Rkumpl;KMnit think-tank
RkumBhuCMnaj multi-disciplinary team
112
Rkumhun company, ~ Gnamik joint stock

company, ~ BaNiCkm trading company,
~ buRtsm<n affiliated or associated
company, ~ TTYlxusRtUvmanxNsIma
limited liability company, ~ TTYlxus
RtUvKankMNt; unlimited company, ~ saxa
subsidiary company
Rkumhnu CanItibuKleBjelj incorporated

company
Rkumhun/ cUlCa incorporated

Rkumhun/ c,ab; companies act
RkumhuncUlpSarhun KWmansnwkhunlk;-Tij
enApSarhun listed/quoted company
RkumhunTTYlxusRtUvmankMrit limited
liability company
RkumhunrMlgCati transnational
corporation (TNC)
RkumhunsikSaKMeragbg; architectural
company
RkumhunhUlDij holding company

Rkumhunnavacr shipping company
RkumhunGnamik m> saCIvkm
RkumGayu age group
RkumGkmanKMnitdUcKa like-minded groups
eRkam/ xag downstream, plitpl ~ rW
plitplcugExS downstrem product
eRkamvaT/ GgPaB subordinate entity
eRkamsg;dar sub-standard
eRkay/ Ca post, svnkm ~ post auditing
eRkay/ tam following, qaMeRkay rW qaMbnab;
RkumhunFanar:ab;rgedIm principal insurance
following/next year
company
eRkA/ ktaxag rW plb:HBal;mkBIeRkA
RkumhunbiTCit Gkkan;kab;PaKhunmanticnak;
Nas; close company
Rkumhnu buRtsm<n Rkumhunemkab;PaKhunticCag
50 affiliated/associated company
Rkumhunpt;pg;saFarN Twk/ ePIg>>> utility
company
RkumhunBhuplitpl conglomerate
RkumhunPaKhun public company or
externalities
eRkAksidan/ kargar off-farm employment

eRkARbBn rW eRkApvkar/ visyesdkic
informal sector
kasuik/ TsSnEbb classical view

kib club, ~ ]sSahkmtMbn; regional
industry club
Ekg/ kar forgery

Ekgkay false
kSyFn/ PaB bankruptcy, karrYcputBI ~
public limited company (PLC)
Rkumhunem parent company

RkumhunrYmPaKhun joint-stock company
discharge in bankruptcy
113
ekSRtviTU agronomist
ekSRtsaRs rW ekSRtviTa agronomy
damage
x
x xTI1/ xTI2>>> clause
xkxan fail, xkxanmin)anTak;Tg fail to
contact
xkxan min)aneFVI/ kar omission

xnb,maNrUbiyvt m> rUbiyvtTaMgGs;
monetary aggregate
xnb,aT aggregation
xageRkA exogenous, ktaGviCman ~ negative
exogenous factors
xUcxat/ R)ak; sMNgcMeBaHkar damages

xUcKuNPaB/ kar rbs;hUb spoilage
xUcRbeyaCn_/ kar detriment
xUcRbeyaCn_/ EdleFVIeGay detrimental
xYbCMuvd cycle
xMRbwgxHExg/ kic endeavour
xI/ sMuxI v. borrow, karxIbul borrowings,
Gk ~ borrower
xIxa sloppy, kargar ~ sloppy work
xHxay/ kar wastage
exaH/ flaw, defect Edlman ~ flawed,
defective, faulty
xg; item, ~ eRkAtaragtulkar off-balance

sheet items
xatbg;/ kar loss

xatbg;srub/ kar total loss, dead loss,
~ Cak;Esg actual total loss
xanmin)ankatBVkic adj. compulsory,
xg;/ xg;bBar tarag column

xg; taragtulkar heading
xgTl;xg back to back, \NTan ~ back
mandatory
to back credit
xitbN bNeXasnapSBVpSayEckeGay
pal;d hand bill
xuTkaly cabinet, ~ KNrdmnI political
cabinet
xusc,ab; illegal, kicsna ~ illegal contract

xusc,ab; illicit, Rsa ~ illicit alcohol
xUcxat/ kar damage
xUcxatedaysarTwksmuRT/ Edl sea-damaged
xUcxatbgeLIgedayectna/ kar wilful
114
xat ]> EpnTI scale

xat sMrab;vas;Evg yardstick
xattUc small-scale
xatmaRta dose
xatmas gold standard
Exrkat;cin Sino-Khmer
xwmsar content
xwmsar niglkxN nkicsna terms and
conditions of a contract
xVH/ cMnYn shortfall

xVHxat/ karpt;pg;mankar deficient supply
xVHTMgn;/ PaB deficiency in weight
ExSekag curve, ~ cMNay expenditure
curve, ~ eRbIR)as; consumption curve,
~ pt;pg;srub aggregate supply curve
ExSekaghVlI BI Phillips curve (relationship
between rate of change of money wage

and rate of unemployment)
ExScgVak; chain, ~ m:aXITIgTIpSar
marketing chain
ExSbeNay/ mnIr line department
ExSbBar/ karR)aRsyTak;Tgtam vertical

communication
ExSplitkm tMelIgeRKOgcRk assembly line

ExSepkExSTTwg/ karsMrbsMrYltam
horizontal coordination
exSay/ rUbiyvt weak/soft currency
KNkmaFikarcMeBaHkic ad hoc committee

KNCMnajkar panel of experts
KNna v. calculate, work out
KNnaxus miscalculate
KNnafedIm/ kar costing
KNnaGtaNU calculus
KNnI account, ~ pkg domestic account,
~ )anEksMrYl account amended, ~ enAmin
Tan;sg outstanding account, ~ RtUvsg
account payable, ~ RtUvTar account
receivable, esovePA ~ account book,
mas; ~ account holder, sMrab;EtsgcUl ~
account payee only
KNnI mUlFnTun capital account

KNnIkan;kab;kgnambuKlmak;eTot nominee
account
KNnIcrn current account

KNnIcMNUl-cMNay income and expense
KgKaRtYtKa overlap
KNkmkar commission
KNkmkaresIubGegt board of inquiry
KNkmkarGPivDn_PUmi village
accounts, income-outlay accounts,

appropriation accounts
KNnIcMruH sundry account

KNnIcMh kt;RtakarTijeCOedayGkTij
Kandak;vtFana open account
KNnIQb;eRbI rW KNnIgab; dead account
KNnIFnaKar bank account
development committee (VDC)
KNkmaFikar committee, ~ RtYtBinit

committee of inspection, ~ Gciny_
115
KNnIenAbreTs foreign accounts

KNnIRbePTGkSr et T account
KNnIR)ak;tMkl;Fana deposit guaranty
KNenykic accountancy
KNenyRKb;RKg managerial accounting
KNenyCati national accounting
KNenybrisan ecological accounting
KNenyPaB accountability, TamTar ~ BI
account
KNnIpat;Tat; clearing account

KNnIpeRkA external accounts
KNnIrg subsidiary account
KNnIrg;caM suspense account
KNnIrYm manmas;KNnIBI 2nak;eLIgeTA
demand accountibility from
KNenyPaB/ Kan adj. unaccountable

KNenyrdaPi)al nigKNenysabn
government and institutional accounting
KNenysaFarN public accounting/
joint account
KNnIlTpl profit and loss account

KNnIGtifiCn m> KNnIRtUvTar trade
accounts
KNRbtiPU delegation
KNemFavI bar association
KNrdmnI Council of Ministers
KtibNit/ Rbkbeday sound
Ktiyuti Rsbtamc,ab; nigrebobrbbn c,ab;
tulakar juridical, lixitsam ~ legal
account receivable
KNnIeCO charge/credit account

KNeny accounting (US), accountancy
(GB), bookeeping, ~ hirBavt financial
accounting, ~ Bndar tax accounting,
vd ~ accounting cycle, RKa ~ accounting
period, bg; ~ accounting plan, f ~
accounting price, RbBn ~ accounting
system, karviPaK ~ accounting analysis
r)aykarN_ ~ accounting statement
KNeny fedImviPaK cost accounting
KNenykr accountant, ~ rdTTYlsal;
document
Ktiyuti/ rUbPaB legal form

Kn;KUr/ kar extrapolation
Kn;KUrCamun/ kar projection
KngeRKaHfak; precarious path
KnwH/ tYnaTI key role
KnwH/ sunrkfa keynote address
KmnaKmn_Btman communication of
chartered accountant, certified public

accountant (US)
information
KNenykredImExS principal accountant
Ky customs, Pak;gar ~ customs agent,
(Ministry of Economy and Finance)

116
TIcat;karKynigrdakr Customs Department,

buKlRkumhun EdlnaMTMnijqgkat; ~ customs
broker
Kl;mUlb,TanbRt cheque stub

Kl;GkS origin, zero point
KhbtI bourgeois, vN ~ bourgeoisie or
middle class
Kab;CYn Ka/ kar coincidence

Kahkniyt holder in due course
KitKUrbegItfI v. conceptualise
Kitdl;/ edaymin regardless
KitbEnm/ cMNUl)an accrued income
KIb bale
KuNFm virtue
KuNPaB quality, grade, karEbgEck ~
grading, ~ eBlpk quality shipped or
shipped quality, viFIsaRs viPaK tamEbb
KYbpSM combine, ~ CamYyKanUvBaNiCkm nig

karkMsan combine business and pleasure
KYr)anTTYl\NTan/ PaB credit worthiness
eKcBn/ kar tax evasion
eKcUlcit CagGVImYyeTot/ Edl preferential
eKhkic/ brikar household equipment
KbnM adj. fraudulent
KbnM/ kar fraud
eKal base, GRta ~ base rate
eKal R)ab;cMgay milestone
eKal/ RKaryeBl reference period
eKalkarN_ kgRbkas general (in a
Prakas)
eKalkarN_KNenymankarTTYlsal;TUeTA
generally accepted accounting
principle (GAAP)
eKalkarN_ENnaM guideline
eKalkarN_nPaBsuIKa matching concept/
~ qualitative method (of analysis)
KuNPaBx<s; Er: high grade (ore)

KuNvibti shortcoming, disadvantage
KuNvibti flaw, Edlman ~ flawed
KuNvuDi smtPaBkgCMnaj qualification
KuNsm,tixagCMnaj qualification
KURbECg rival
KUsbBaak; v. emphasise
KYkeC broker, middleman
KYkeChun stockbroker
convention
eKalkarN_esIPaB nigmanplRbeyaCn_eTAvij
eTAmk principle of equality and mutual
benefit
eKalKMnit concept
eKalem/ EpnTI master map
eKaledA purpose, goal
eKaledA target, Rkum ~ target group,
TIpSar ~ target market
117
eKaledAGPivDn_shsSvtSr_ Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs)
eKalneya)ay policy, RkbxN ~ policy

framework
eKalneya)ayebIkTUlay open policy

eKalneya)ayrUbiyvtRbugRbyt prudent
monetary policy
eKalneya)aysac;R)ak;gayRsYl easy
money policy
KMnas; leverage
KMnit idea
KMnitcRbDit creativity, creative thinking
KMnitpcepIm initiative
KMnitviPaK analytical thinking
KMnitevocevr bad faith
KMnUrsiti chart
KMnUstaglk; sale chart
KMrU model
KMrUtag sample, yk ~ v. sample, take a
sample, Rkum ~ sample group, karRsg; ~
sample implementation, ~ Kg sample
overlap, karyk ~ sampling, kareRCIs ~
sample selection, Gegt ~ sample survey,
KMrUtagcdn random sample, ~ KankMNt;
unrestricted random sample
KMrUtagem master sample

KMrUtagrg subsample
KMrUtagsVyTMgn; self-weighting sample
KMrUbgaj specimen
KMrUBIelImkeRkam top-down paradigm
KMrUhtelxa specimen signature
KMerag project, karvaytMl ~ project
appraisal, karksag ~ project formulation,
karGnuvtn_ ~ project implementation,
sMeNI ~ project proposal
KMeragkksH project indigestion
KMeragbnab;bnSM marginal project
KMeragsakl,g pilot project
KMlat gap, deviation
KMlatmFm m> KMlatsg;dar
KMlatsgd; ar standard deviation (statistics)
KMehIj finding
KaMRT v. support, endorse, esvakm ~
support service
KaMRT/ bBaak;KaMRT v. back up, bBaak;KaMRT

karGHGag back up a claim
KaMRT/ Gk backer
KaMRTxaghirBavt/ kar financial backing,
financial assistance
KMrUtagcdnsamBa/ karyk simple
KaMBar v. safeguard
KankargareFVIeBjelj adj. underemployed,
random sampling
KMrUtagCMerOn census sample

118
Gk ~ n. underemployed
KankareyaKyl;Biess/ karlk; arms
length sale
KanRcksmuRT/ RbeTs landlocked country

KandI landless, PaB ~ landlessness
KaneRbIkar idle, Tun ~ idle capital
KanplitPaB/ RTBskm unproductive
RKaeKal reference period

RKwH foundation
RKwH/ karRsavRCavCa fundamental research
RKwHsan establishment
RKwHsan CMnYj business concern
RKwHsanrd)alsaFarN public
adminstrative establishment
RKwHsansaFarN public establishment

RKwHsanesvakmEkc processing-type
assets
KanlTukedayELk/ mUlniFi unearmarked

fund
service establishment
KanGVIKYrql; unquestionable
RKbdNb;/ karTMhM coverage
RKbsgt; v. dominate
RKb;RKg v. manage, nayk ~ managing
RKwHsanGciny_ permanent establishment

RKUeBTCnbT barefoot doctor
RKYsar family, karensaTCalkN ~ family
scale fishing
RKYsar household, ~ RsIemRKY female-headed

household, ~ bursemRKY male-headed
director
RKb;RKg/ kar management, karRtYtBinitkar

~ management control
household
RKb;RKgeday bTbBaabTb,Batic,ab; v.
RKYsaredIm original family

eRKOgeRbIR)as; appliance
eRKOgeqH fuel
eRKOgbriePaK food items
eRKOgbMBak; TaMgGclt nigclt Edllk;eTA
CamYynwgpH fixtures and fittings
eRKOgbMBak;Cab; fixture
eRKOg]bePaK-briePaK m> sMParpt;pg; supply
eRKagkar scheme
eRKageRcIndMNak; multi-stage frame
regulate
RKb;RKgedayxng/ kar self-managing

RKb;RKgmin)an/ cMNay uncontrollable
expenses
RKb;RKgGsmtPaB/ kar maladministration

RKb;RKan; enough
RKb;RKan;/ PaBmin insufficiency, deficiency
RKb;RCugeRCay adj. comprehensive,
karviPaK ~ comprehensive analysis
RKa KNeny period
119
eRKagelImUldantMbn; area-based frame

eRKagykKMrUtag sampling frame, ~ dMbUg
primary-sampling frame (PSF)
gakecj/ kar deviation

gayxUc perishable, TMnij ~ perishable
eRKaHfak;/ EdlRbkbeday hazardous

eRKaHfak;enAeBlbMeBjkargar occupational
goods
gayeCO/ PaB credulity

gayrgeRKaH adj. vulnerable, Blkr ~
accident
eRKaHFmCati natural disaster

eRKaHGKIPy fire risk
KInik clinic
vulnerable worker
gayrgeRKaH/ PaB vulnerability

gayRsYl/ kar facility
gar title
X
Xat;cab;Tuk/ kar rfyn/ TUk>>>
impoundment
XubXitkMNt;f/ kar price fixing

eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT v. canvass
eXasnabBaHbBal v. lobby
eXasnapSaylk;pal;/ kar nbuKlmak;
ckvisy n. vision
cg v. bind
cgRkg v. compile
cgPab;/ kar linkage
cglTis/ kar directive
cenaHCMerOn/ TsvtSr_ inter-censal decade
cenaHeRCIs selection interval
cenaHRbehag loophole, ~ nBn tax loophole
crca v. negotiate, kar ~ n. negotiation
crca)an/ Gac negotiable, f ~ negotiable
personal selling
Xas; lever
XatBIsPaBedIm/ kar aberration
XaMemIl v. monitor
XaMg warehouse
XaMg/ karTukdak;TMnijkg warehousing
XaMg/ qaM warehouseman
XaMgskTMnijRKb;RKgedayPak;garKy
price
crcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;Ql rvag nieyaCit nig

nieyaCk/ kar (free) collective bargaining
crcaCa rYmsmUhPaB/ kar collective
bonded warehouse
120
carxgcMh blank endorsement

carwk nominal, tMl ~ nominal value
carwkCadularGaemrik ]> mUlb,TanbRt
bargaining
crnkar/ eFVI m> bcb,nPaB/ eFVI update

crn adj. current, cMNay ~ current
expenditures
denominated in US$
cracr circulation, ~ Tun circulation of

capital, ~ TMnij circulation of goods
cracr traffic, sNab;Fab; ~ traffic order
crit character
clnvt movable (property)
clnaTun/ kareprTun capital movement
cak;Kr/ kar dumping
cas;TuM/ PaB maturity

ciBawmCIvit/ karrk livelihood
ciBawmRtI/ kar pisciculture, fish culture,
fish farming
cIrPaB sustainability
cIrPaB/ man sustainable, ksikm ~
sustainable agriculture, karGPivDn_ ~
sustainable development
cak;eLIgvij/ kar ExSGat;>>> playback
cugeRkay last, ultimate, eKaledA ~ ultimate
(tape...)
goal
caj;eRbob disadvantaged
cat;Ecg v. organise, handle, manage,
cugeRkay/ kareRbIR)as; final consumption

cugExS/ plitpl downstream product
cugRKa/ sareBIPN ending inventory
cugecaT defendant
culesdkic m> mIRkUesdkic
cuHkalbriecTGtItkal v. antedate
cuHkalbriecTGnaKtelImUlb,TanbRt date a
dispose
cat;EcgTinny/ kar data processing

cat;fak; v. classify
cat;TukCaemaX v. invalidate
cab;eqat v. draw lots
cab;epIm/ esahuy start-up cost
cab;GarmN_/ PaBmin insensitivity
cab;eGayTTYlxusRtUv v. hold responsible
cay R)ak; spend, expend, lay out
carxg ksar endorse v.
carxg ksar/ Gk endorser
cheque forward
cuHkicsna em:Akar[Gk xageRkA v.

outsource
cuHKuNPaBdI/ kar land degradation

cuHfEx/ Kan undated
cuHf v. discount, lk; ~ sell at a dicount,
GRta ~ discount rate
121
cuHf v. lower the price, decrease in
cuHTabbMput v. bottom out

cuHTidakar elIcMNay rW GnuBaatcMNay
cuHhtelxasegb v. initial
cUlCaRkumhun/ min unincorporated
cUlCaFrman v. come into effect/force
cUlCasmaCik/ kar accession
cUld/ kar complicity
cUlRbLk/ kar engagement
cUlmunecjmun Fifo (first in, first out)
cUlrYm v. participate, kar ~ participation
cUlrYm/ karGPivDn_edaymankar
authorise payment
participatory development
price
cuHf/ kar elITMnijminRtUv)a:n; rW karsgR)ak;

munfkMNt; rebate
cuHftamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ karlk; cash
discount
cuHfeGaytamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ cMnYn cash

rebate
cuHTinanub,vti/ kar journalising

cuHbBaI register, kar ~ registration, elx ~
registration number, viBaabnbRt ~
registration certificate
cuHbBaI/ Edlmin)an unregistered

cuHbBaIka m> cuHbBaI v. register
cuHbBaIKNeny/ kar bookkeeping
cuHbRBaaselxna v. reverse an entry
cuHbuerkalbriecT v. m> cuHkalbriecT
GtItkal antedate, backdate
cuHelxna enter an entry (journal)
cuHelxna v. post an item (ledger), ~ eTAkg
esovePAFM post an item to the ledger
cuHsMrugKa/ kareFVI[manPaB harmonisation
cuHhtelxaFanaelIvikybRt v. back a bill
cuHhtelxaBIeRkam/ Gk undersigned n.
122
cUlhun/ kar stake

cUleRkayecjmun lIhV Lifo (last in,
first out)
ecosvagBn/ kar tax avoidance

ecjcMNayCYs v. defray
ecjecjpSay v. issue, ecjGaCJabN
issue a licence
ectna intention
Eckcay/ kar distribution
Eckdac;/ Edl elx divisible
Eckbn v. KNnI/ Rkum>>> subdivide
EckrMElk v. share, ~ bTBiesaFn_ share
experiences
Ecg v. stipulate
EcgxagelI/ dUcman above-mentioned
Ecs fI/ sat adj. immaculate
cdn adj. random, KMrUtag ~ random
sample, karRtYtemIl ~ random check
~ rMls;bMNul debt amortisation outlays
cdnnIykm randomisation
ecaTRbkan;edaymin)anbgajPstag/ kar
cMNay/ smtulminTan; unexpended

balance
allegation
ecAhVay boss, EdlcUlcitRtYtRtaeK bossy

cMkar plantation, ~ ekAsU rubber plantation
cMNg/ CMnYyman tied aid
cMNgeCIg title, heading
cMNgTak;Tg link, linkage
cMNakRsuk migration
cMNat;kar n. treatment
cMNat;fak; classification, eFVI ~ classify v.
RbBneFVI ~ system of classification
cMNat;fak; tMlKuNsm,ti/ kareFVI rating
cMNat;fak; tamlMdab;/ eFVI v. rank
cMNat;fak;kargar job ranking/grading
cMNat;fak;rg subclassification
cMNab;GarmN_ impression, perception
cMNay expense, cost, ~ nkarRbmUl
Tinny cost of data collection
cMNay v. expend, spend
cMNay n. expenditure, expense, ~ Ca
mUlFn capital expenditure, ~ crn current
expenditure, ~ rd)al admistrative
expenses, ~ epSg sundry expenses
cMNay n. outlays (financial),
123
cMNayRKb;RKg)an controllable expenses

cMNaycuHeFVIkardl;kEng field expenditure
cMNayCamUlFn capital expense
cMNayCYs/ ecj v. defray
cMNaytamf/ R)ak; per diem
cMNayEfTaM maintenance expense,
upkeep expenses
cMNayTUeTA cMNayeTogTat; nigsMxan;Edl

minTak;Tgedaypal;nwgkarplit overheads,
overhead charges
cMNayTUeTA nigcMNayrd)al general and

administrative expenses
cMNayRTRTg;karrs;enA cost of living

cMNaybg;mun prepaid expense
cMNaybEnm additional expense, aftercost
cMNay)anKitbEnm accrued expense
cMNayeRbIR)as; consumption
expenditures
cMNayhYskMNt; overspending
cMNarxg endorsement, ~ ksaredIm,I
RbmUlR)ak; endorsement for collection,
GkmansiTieRbIR)as;lixitsamtam ~ endorsee
cMNuccUl entry point
cMNucecj exit point
cMNucedA target
cMNucENnaM guideline
cMNucbt; eBlEdlmankarpas;br turning
point
cMNucRbsBV focal point

cMNucepat n. focus
cMNucminl drawback
cMNucrYcedIm break-even point
cMNuH vtpk capacity
cMNuH/ GgPaB subordinate entity
cMNuHpk loading capacity
cMNUl income, earnings, ~ eRkaykat;Bn
after-tax income, ~ Cab;BnsuT net taxable
income, ~ pal;xn personal income,
~ eRkaykat;Bn disposable income, ~ eRkA
BIebovtSr_ private income, ~ )anTTYlmun
income collected in advance, ~ kgmnusS
mak; per capita income, ~ suT net income,
KNnI ~ income account, r)aykarN_ ~
income statement
cMNUl revenue, ~ crn current revenue,

eKalneya)ayxag ~ revenue policy,
~ TTYlmun unearned revenue,
cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_ private income
cMNUlcit preference, taste
cMNUlcMNay/ r)aykarN_ profit and loss
statement
124
cMNUlCamUlFn capital revenue

cMNUldul gross proceeds/receipts/returns
cMNUlTTYlmun KWRtUveyageTAbBalkg
kariybriecTeRkay deferred revenue or
unearned revenue
cMNUlTab low-income, RKYsarman ~ low

income households
cMNUlenATMenrrbs;buKl rW cMNUlbuKl
eRkaykat;Bn ]> R)ak;ExrebIkykeTApH)an
disposable personal income
cMNUlbuKl / R)ak; personal income/revenue

cMNUlBIkarlk; sale revenue/proceeds
cMNUlBIvinieyaK returns
cMNUl\tRbkas undisclosed income
cMNUlktabEnm marginal revenue
cMeNj CaR)ak; v. gain
cMeNj/ PaBman profitability
cMeNj rW R)ak;cMeNj profit
cMeNjxat elIRkdas paper loss/profit
cMeNjxat/ KNnI profit and loss account
cMeNjxat/ r)aykarN_ rW r)aykarN_cMNUl
cMNay/ profit and loss statement
cMeNjx<s;bMputminFab;man record profits
cMeNjeRcIn healthy profit
cMeNjdul gross profit
cMeNjPam\trMBwgTuk winfall profit
cMeNjmunbg;Bn pre-tax profit
cMENk n. share
cMENkTIpSar market share/penetration
cMeNatnExSekag slope of a curve
cMeNalRsuk/ Gk m> GaNikCn expat
cMeNHeFVI know-how
cMnYnmux range, ~ plitpl product range
cMbg adj. major, main
cMraj;/ Er: mineral concentrate
cMraj;eGaysuT v. purify
cMruH shRKas/ KNkmaFikar>>> joint
cMruHkm diversification
cMruHsmasPaBesdkiccMruH/ shRKas joint
c,ab;kicsna contract law

c,ab;Rkumhun companies act
c,ab;edIm snwkedIm original, vikybRt ~
original invoice
c,ab;TTYlsal;/ R)ak;Edl legal tender

c,ab;nItiviFI procedural law (French:
code de procdure)
venture
cMruHGnrRksYg/ KNkmaFikar joint interministerial committee
cMlgtam/ eFVI v. replicate

cMelIy/ EdlKan unanswered
cMh open, pSar ~ open market
cMehH kareqH combustion
cRbDitrksuI/ lkN entrepreneurship
c,ab; law, esckIRBag ~ draft law, ~ nig
bTb,Bati laws and regulations, ~ sIBIsh
lknikmnIraCkarsuIvil law on Co-Statute
of Civil Servants, ~ sIBIhirBavtsMrab;kar
RKb;RKg law on Financial Management, ~
sIBIrbbsnisuxsgm law on Social Security
125
c,ab;bEnm RbcaMtMbn; by-laws

c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtws anti-trust law
c,ab;Blkm labour law
c,ab;rdb,evNI civil law
c,ab;erobcMGgkar organic/organisational law
c,ab;sIBIkarFanar:ab;rg insurance law
c,ab;sIBIc,ab;bEnm law on addendum
c,ardMNaM/ kareFVI horticulture
ec,al/ kar)a:n;san rough estimate
Rck channel
Rckecj exit
RckecjcUlEtmYy single window, one
stop shop
RckecjbeckeTs technical fix

RcklkmanPaBRkIRk pocket of poverty
Rc)ac;bBalKa consolidated, Btman ~
consolidated information, kar ~ nUvtarag
tulkar consolidation of balance sheets
RcbUkRcbl;/ karPaB confusion, chaos
RcLMbl; confusing
Rcanecal v. reject, vt ~ eRBaHminRtUvkar
qaM/ KitelImUldanRbcaM annualized

qaMelIqaM eFobnwgryeBldUcKanqaMmun year
on year, bMErbMrYl ~ year on year change
qgkat; transit, KNnI ~ transit account,
TMnij ~ transit goods, GaCJabNsMrab;TMnij ~
transit licence, GkdMeNIr ~ transit passenger
qgkat;RBMEdn/ BaNiCkm cross-border trade
eqyI tb/ kar n. response, GRtaeqIytb
response rate, PaBeqIytb responsiveness
eqtykcMeNj v. capitalise
eqtykcMeNjBIelI cash in on
qHbBaaMg v. reflect
qwgxg/ ehdarcnasm<n ehdarcnasm<n
eKal backbone infrastructure
EqteBjedayTMnijnTIpSar/ PaB market
reject
RcanecalCamun preclude
eRcInkkkuj adj. glut
eRcInkMrit multi-level
eRcInliclg;TIpSar glut the market
eRcInelIstMrUvkar/Edl adj. redundant
eRcaHdac;dI/ kar soil erosion
eRcaHsMGat v. purify
q
qk;kas v. capitalise
qk;kasekjcMeNj/ kar speculation,
~ kgeRbgkat oil speculation
qn will
qnanusiTi siTisMerceBjelj discretion,
Ca ~ rbs;rdaPi)al at the ~ of the
saturation
government
CECkedjedal/ kar ]> enAsPa debate

CBaIgTUTat; balance of payments, nPaB
Gtierk ~ balance of payments deficit/
qak stage, scenario, ~ neya)ay political

scene/arena
qakar flat, kMr ~ flat fee, f ~ flat price

qab;rMePIb/ PaB sensitivity
Eqkeqr/ kar check
eqA raw, Tinny ~ raw data
qaM year, ~ eKal base year, ~ sareBIBn
fiscal year, ~ hirBavt financial year
surplus
CBaIgTUTat;GnrCati
external balance,
foreign balance
CBaIgBaNiCkm balance of trade

Cncas;Cra elderly
CncMNakRsuk migrant
126
CnCab;ecaT n. accused
CnenArs; survivor
CnbreTs alien, c,ab;sIBI ~ alien act
CnrYmCati compatriot
CnsuIvil n., nCnsIuvil adj. civilian
Clpl aquatic product, FnFan ~ aquatic
CatiBnviTa ethnography
CatUbnIykmCatikm/ eFVI v. nationalise
CaRbcaM/ cMNUl m> cMNUlcrn current
resources
Cavt/ viPaKTan in-kind contribution

CINUm CIvsaRs genome
CIvcMruH bio-diversity
CIvRBwti/ ksikm subsistence agriculture
CIvPaB livelihood or living
CIvm:as biomass
CIv]sn biogas
CIvit/ mYy lifetime, bTBiesaFn_kg ~ a
revenue
Camun/ karpl;dMNwg advance notice

CavsMuCav/ kar subscription, fCav
subscription price
Clyan boat, esovePAskmPaB ~ boat log

book
Clvb,km aquaculture
CyPN rbs;EdldeNIm rW bn;BIeK booty,
spoils
CylaPI winner
Cak;lak; explicit, bTbBaa ~ explicit
instruction
Cak;lak;/ PaB specificity, accuracy

Cak;lak;/ ryeBl specific period of time
Cak;Esg actual, karRbKl; ~ actual
delivery, karbBaaTij ~ actual order,
karlk;TMnij ~ actual selling of goods
Cak;Esg factual, sanPaB ~ factual
situation
Cak;Esg/ tamkar de facto

Cak;Esg/ minTan; latent
Cak;Esg/ viFankar concrete measure
Cati adj. national, fak;eRkam ~ sub-
lifetime of experience
CUndMNwg/ kar notification, nItiviFICUndMNwg

notification procedure
CUndMNwg/ FnaKar advising bank

CUndMNwgmunryeBlxI short notice
CUnBtman/ lixit advice note
CUneyabl;/ lixit advice note
CYjdUr/ kar trading
CYjdUr)an/ Gac negotiable, rUbiyaNti
\NeTy ~ negociable debt instrument
CYjdUrhunedayGkpkg/ kar EdldwgBtman
sMgat;BIRkumhun insider dealing, insider trading
national level
127
CYbTak;Tg/ kar contact, mnusSsMrab;CYb

Tak;Tg contact person
CYyFana v. underwrite, Gk ~ underwriter
CYybMeBjxat v. subsidise, kar ~
CMTas;tva:nwgesckIsMerc contest a decision

CMnaj skill
CMnajnIykm m> keTsnIykm
specialisation
CMnUn n. present
CMnYj trade, dealing, ~ Rsbc,ab; fair
subsidisation
CYr PM range
CYr/ CYrepk tarag row
CYl edaymankicsna v. lease, ~ mkvij
lease back, karCYl lease n.
CYl v. pH/ kariyaly>>> let
CYl v. pH/ rfyn/ >>> rent
CYl v. rfyn/ Blkr>>> hire
CYl/ kar rental
CYl/ ryeBl n. GclnRTB tenancy
CYl/ Gk dI/ pH>>> tenant, ksikrCYldIeK
dealing
CMnYj/ kickar business, kareFVI ~ business

undertaking
tenant farmer
CYlbn sublet, sublease

eCIgsar rW eCIgsarCMnYjbroker, middleman
eCO/ PaBKYreGay credibility
eCOnelOn progress, kMBug ~ in progress
eCOnelOneTAmux/ kar advancement
eCOnelOnnigsKsaj/ beckviTa
sophisticated technology
eCaKCy/ min)an unsuccessful

CMuxYbvd cycle
CMgWbNalBIkargar work-related illness
CMTas;/ kar objection, Kan ~ no objection
128
CMnYj/ eFVI v. trade

CMnYjEdlpl;cMeNj paying business
CMnYjhunKa partnership
CMnYb meeting
CMnYy aid, assistance, kicRBmeRBogpl; ~
aid agreement, ynkarsMrbsMrYl ~ aid
coordination mechanism, kmviFI ~ aid
programme, ~ esdkic economic aid
CMnYykar assistant, KNenykr ~ assistant
accountant
CMnYybeckeTs technical assistance (TA)

CMnYybreTs foreign aid
CMnYyBIxageRkA RbeTs external aid
CMnYymnusSFm humanitarian assistance
CMnYysegaHbnan; emergency aid/relief
CMnYysartI memorandum
CMnYy\tcMNg untied aid
CMnYy\tsMNg grant aid
CMnYs/ kardak; subrogation

CMnYsKa)an/ PaBGacykeTA fungibility
CMenOn progress, r)aykarN_ ~ progress
liquidation report, kar ~CakatBVkic

compulsory liquidation, kar ~ edaysRK
report
CMBak;/ Edl due

CMBak;/ enA kMcI outstanding
CMBak;bMNul/ PaB indebtedness
CMBUk chapter
CMBUk RkumstV/ rukCati genus
CMrk shelter, ~ ecosBn tax shelter
CMruj v. boost, motivate, stimulate,
promote
CMrujTwkcit/ kar motivation

CMrujTwkcit/ eRKOg inducement
CMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiCkm/ kar promotion
of commercial interests
CMerIs option
ykKMrUtagKanRsTab;/ kar unstratified
sampling
CMerIsdMbUg primary selection

CMerIsepSgeTot alternative
CMerIsmankarRtYtBinit controlled selection
CMerOn census, ~ RbCaCn population census
CMrH bBaI/ bMNul v. liquidate
CMrHkI v. adjudicate
CMrHbBab; v. dispose
CMrHbBaI/ kar liquidation, r)aykarN_ ~
129
cit voluntary liquidation

CMrHhirBavt/ kar financial liquidation
CMelaH quarrel
CMhr position
CMhrhirBavt financial standing
CMhr\NTan credit status
CMhan kgdMeNIrkarGVImYy step, CaCMhan
steadily, mYyCMhanmg step by step
eRCIs v. select, sort
eRCIs/ kar selection, elgkg ~ selection
error, cenaHeRCIs selection interval,
~ beNaHGasn tentative selection
eRCIsKMrUtag/ kar sample selection
eRCIserIs/ kar selection
eRCotERCk/ kar interference
ERCTMnijemIl shop around
Q
Qb;/ kar cessation, karbBab;GaCIvkm
cessation of business
Qb;sMrakKanebovtSr_/ kar leave without pay

Qb;sMrakeBlQW/ kar sick leave
QaneTAdl;kicRBmeRBog v. come to an
agreement
Qanmux/ ]sSahkm pioneer industry

eQagdl;/ kar outreach
QH/ Gk winner
Qj trader
QjkNal middleman
eQaHBaNiCkm brand name
dkR)ak;elIsR)ak;beBaI/ kar overdraft

dkhUt v. revoke, ~ GaCJabN mkvij
revoke a licence
dkhUt v. rbs;RTB confiscate,

dispossess
dg;suIet density
dNb;minsBV/ karFanar:ab;rg undercoverage
(insurance)
j
jti petition
jtibenas motion of censure
jatiCitCageK next of kin
jatiBn n. m> sac;jati relative
jwkjab;/ PaB frequency
Ejk v. differentiate
Ejk[eXIjPaBxusKa/ kar differentiation
d
dkxnecj back out, ~ BIkicsna back out
from a contract
dkecjBImuxtMENgGVImYykgrdaPi)al
removal from a government office
dkbNwg discharge
dkR)ak; BIKNnI withdraw money
dkR)ak;/ Gk drawer
dkR)ak;/ GkeGayeK drawee
dl;kMNt;/ Edl due

dl;kMNt; sg/ f maturity date
dl;d/ fTijlk; spot price
dak;ecjCaelIkdMbUgnUv/ kar ]> plitplelI
TIpSar launch
dak;CUnBinit/ kar filing
dak;eTas v. penalise
dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar v. bank
dak;mUlb,TanbRteGayRbBnFnaKarcat;kar
eprR)ak; clear a cheque
dak;viny v. impose disciplinary sanction,
kar ~ disciplinary action
dak;snsSn_/ kar indexation
dak;sMBaF v. exert pressure
dac;xat absolute, sMelg e)aHeqat PaKeRcIn
~ absolute majority vote, ]tmPaB ~
absolute advantage
dac;Rsyal/ tMbn; remote area

das;etOn/ kar warning
130
dI rW dIFI land
dIkmsiTi FM estate
dIka warrant
dIkaekaHsakSI subpoena
dIkaextRkug provincial/municipal order
(written instruction)
dIkaXMu commune regulation(s)

dIkabgab; tulakar writ
dIRkhm red soil
dIdaMduH cultivated land
dIFI/ n agrarian, kMENTMrg;dIFI agrarian
dUmINU/ \TiBl domino effect

edIm rukCati trunk, stem
edIm/ RbCaCn indigenous people
edImecaT plaintiff, claimant
edImTuntamc,ab; legal capital
edjecal/ kar dismissal
edjf v. bid
edjf/ kar bid, auction, karlk; ~ auction
sale
reform
dIesIm dITMnabmanTwkdk;edayGenI wetlands

dILt_ plot
dIGacdaMduH arable land
dwkCBan v. & n. transport
dwkTMnij tamrfyn rW rfePIg/ kar haulage,
f ~ haulage cost
dwknaMkargar/ KNkmaFikar steering
committee
edjf/ kar edIm,IeFVIkarpt;pg; tender

edjf/ kar edaymandak;ksartMl
):an;sanlMGit tendering
edjf/ Gk tenderer
edjfkgeRsamsMbuRtbiTCit/ kar sealed
tender
edjfCaGnrCati/ kar international bidding/

tendering
edjfedayRbkYtRbECgkgRsuk/ kar
DCB ( Domestic Competitive Bidding)
edjeCIgKa/ PaB m>RbkYtRbECg/ PaB

competitiveness
dwgsal;/ kar awareness

dul gross
dularGWr:ub Eurodollar
dularUnIykm dollarisation
duHdI/ kar silting (of waterways)
dUcmanEcg kgc,ab; as provided, as
EdndI/ GaCJaFr territorial authority

EdnCMrkstVRB wildlife santuary
EdnensaT fishery zone, ~ bMrugTuk
reserved fishery zone
EdnrgTwkePg catchment area

EdnsmtkicyutaFikar jurisdiction
Ednsm,TanTwkRb marine concession
stated, set forth

131
EdnGnuvt c,ab; scope

dKU partner, PaBCa ~ partnership
dKUBaNiCkm trading partner
duM/ karTij bulk buying
dMukMPYn/ karpl;fvikaCa substantial funding
dMNak;/ dMNak;kal stage, phase
dMeNIrkar process
dMeNIrkar/ Edl performing, RTBskm
~ performing asset, RTBskmmin ~
edaHdUredaypal;/ kar direct exchange

edaHdUrTMnijnwgTMnij karpas;brTMnijKaeday
mineRbIluy barter
edaHdUrenApSarhun/ kar stock-exchange
non-performing asset
resolution
dMeNIrkar/ cMNay sMrab; running costs

dMNaMeRcInmux/ kareFVIV polyculture
dMNaMmYymux/ kareFVI monoculture
dMNaMrYmpSM supplementary crop
dMNaMlk;ykR)ak; cash crop
dMeNaHRsay n. settlement, ~ dIFI land
settlement, ~ beckeTs technical fix
dMeNaHRsayRbkbedaykareyaKyl;
min)ac;eTAtulakar amicable settlement
dMeNIrkareTAmux/ kMBug CMnYj to be a going
concern
dMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkm/ kic conduct of

business
dMbUg initial, mUlFn ~ initial capital, f ~

initial price
daMRBeQIeLIgvij/ kar reforestation
edaHdUr TMnij Ka/ kar trade-off
dealings
edaHTl/ karlk; distress sale

edaHElg v. release
edaHRsay handle, ~ sankarN_
handle a
situation
edaHRsay/ kar resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict
z
zbnkm m> erobcMtMelIg/ kar
zbnIyPN m> FnbMrug reserve
zbnIyCIvmNlbwgTensab Tonle Sap
biosphere reserve
zan rank
zan status, nimitsBaasMKal; ~ status symbol
zanKNit land survey
zannrski mnIraCkar rank
zananuRkm hierarchy
D
DIy:aRkam rW KMnUsbMRBYj n. diagram
DIvIDI fasvIedGU DVD
132
DIhSItal; EdlbgajCaelx digital
tamf/ Bnyk ad valorem duty

tamryenH hereby
tamGMNacmuxgar ex-officio
tarag table, spreadsheet, chart, flow
chart, karelIkCa ~ tabulation
taragkaMebovtSr_ wage scale
taragKNnI chart of accounts
taragtulkar balance sheet, xg;eRkA ~
off-balance sheet items, feFVI ~
t
tkviCa logic
ttiyCnGMNUs n. garnishee
ttiyCn third party
tfPaB reality
tf v. bargain
tnukm depletion
tnuPaB m> kMr/ PaB scarcity
tbkm austerity, ~ esdkic economic
balance sheet date
taragtulkarsrub bUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<n>>
consolidated balance sheet
austerity
tv:a v. protest, complain

tv:a/ kar protest, claim
tsUmti/ kar advocacy
tamkalkMNt; adj. periodic, RbBnRtYtBinit
~ periodic-control system, RbBnbBaaTij ~
periodic-order system
tamc,ab; legal, edImTun ~ legal capital,

esckIsMerc ~ legal decision, GktMNag ~
legal representative, eFVI[eTA ~ legalise,
PaB ~ legality
tamdan m> XaMemIl monitor
tamdanbn follow-up v. & n.
tamdanemIl/ kar tracking
tamEtGMeBIcit arbitrary
133
taragtulPaB trial balance

taragBnKy customs tariff, tariff
tarageBlkalviPaK schedule, ~ sgR)ak;
repayments schedule
taragGnueRKaHBnKymanRbsiTiPaBrYm Common
Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT)
titki m m> EqteBj>>> saturation, ~ kgpSar
market saturation, eFVI ~ v. saturate
twgEtg hard, kartfd ~ hard bargain
twgruwg/ viFankar stringent measure
tulakar court of justice
tulakarBaNiCkm commercial court
tulkarfvika/ eFVI v. balance the budget
tulkares,g food balance
tulPaB balance
tUctac adj. minor

tY rfyn body (car)
tYy:ag/ Ca typical
tYGg actor, ~ esdkic economic actor
ets n. test, eFVI ~ v. test
etsCab;/ eFVI pass the test (education)
EtgtaMg/ kar nomination, appointment,
accreditation, GkTTYl ~ nominee,
kartaMgsubkgzannrskiCaPak;garrd)al
tMbn;/ karEbgEck zoning

tMbn;RtYtBinitKy tMbn;EdlKyGactamcab;
TMnij)an customs territory
tMbn;BaNiCkmesrIGasan ASEAN Free
permanent appointment to the rank of

administrative agent
tMbn;esdkci Bei ss special economic zone

tMbn;GPivDn_Biess special promotion
Trade Area (AFTA)
tMbn;PavUbnIykm regionalisation
tMbn;ykKMrUtag sampling domain
tMbn;rab;bBal enumerator area (EA)
tMbn;rab;bBalCMerOn census-enumeration
area
tMkl;Tuk/ kar filing

tMkl;R)ak;kk; v. deposit
tMNag rW GktMNag representative, ~
mansiTiRbTan authorised representative
tMNagkarBarkI attorney
tMNagRbcaMRbeTs resident representative
tMNagpac;mux sole representative,
zone (SPZ)
tMrg;Tis oriented (orientated), kar ~

orientation
tMrg;Tis v. direct
tMrUv v. mandate, c,ab; ~ fa... the law
mandates that....
tMrUv/ kar requirement, R)ak;bMrugtam ~

required reserves
exclusive/sole agent
tMNagBaNiCkm commercial traveller

tMNageBjsiT full-right representative
tMENg position, ~ TMenr vacant position
tMbn; area, kta ~ area unit
tMbn; region, Gnu ~ sub-region, ~ Rbtibtikar
swkrg military sub-region
tMbn; zone, ~ sl core zone, ~ RTnab;
buffer zone, Gnr ~ inter zone
134
tMrvU kar demand, need, ~ Cak;Esg effective

demand, ~ nTIpSar market demand,
~ edIm,Icgsm<n need for affiliation
tMrvU kar caM)ac;CamUldan needs, karsikSa
vaytMlBI ~ needs assessment study,
~ caM)ac; basic needs, ~ CamUldanrbs;mnusS
basic human needs (BHN)
tMrUvkar/ ExSekag demand curve
tMrUvkar/ minsUvman be in poor demand

tMrUvkar nigkarpt;pg; demand and supply
tMrUveGay v. eFVIGVImYy require
tMlaPaB transparency
tMelIg v. raise, ~ Bn raise tax
tMelIg KuNPaB smtPaB v. upgrade
tMelIgzan/ kar buKlik promotion (of
tMlTijcUl m> tMltamRbvtisaRs

historical cost
tMlTIpSar market value

tMlFanik m> tMlTIpSar market value
tMlenAeBlcUl tMlsMPareBlTijcUl
original cost
tMlbcb,n present value, ~ suT net

present value (NPV)
tMlbEnm value added (VA)

tMlRbmUl)anvij scrap/salvage value
tMl)an RbkasRbtievTn_ declared value
tMlplitpal; KanbUkcMnayTUeTA direct
an employee)
tMelIgf v. increase price, mark up

tMl cost, value, ~ elIsxVH capital
gains/loss (accounting)
tMl/ karkMNt; valuation

tMl/ TMnijman valuable goods
tMl/ rykalman validity
tMl/ vayeGay v. value
tMlkgbBaI rW tMlKNeny book value,
production cost, prime cost
tMlpas;ecj pas;rbs;mYyedayrbs;mYy
epSgeTot replacement value
tMllk; )an sales value
tMlelIs elIkarlk;RTBskmCab;lab;
carrying value
capital gain
tMlRkumhunKittamtMlTIpSarnsnwkhun
tMlsg;dar standard cost

tMlGnaKt future value
t,itet,t/ karPaB austerity, ~ xagesdkic
market capitalisation
tMlxVH capital loss (accounting)

tMlKNeny book value
tMlcarwk nominal value
tMlcuHelIbN rW tMlcarwk face value, par
economic austerity
value, nominal value
tMltamRbvtisaRs tMlCak;EsgkalBIeBl
TijcUl historic/historical cost
tMltameBl time value
135
t,g rW t,g f mantMl gem or gemstone

Rta n. seal
Rtab;tam/ kareFVI simulation/imitate
RtIPaKI adj. tripartite
RtImas quarter
RtwmRtUv correct, right, just, fair, sound
eKalkarN_RbkYtRbECg ~ principle of fair
and balances
RtYsRtayQanmux/ kargar pioneering work

eRtom/ kicRBmeRBog stand-by agreement
eRtombMrug backup
tjEtr v. complain
competition
RtwmRtUv/ PaB correctness, accuracy

RtwmRtUv/ min inaccurate, PaB ~ inaccuracy
RtUvc,ab; licit
RtUvpas;brtamkarcaM)ac;/ Edl mutatis
mutandis
RtYtKaKgKa overlap
RtYtKa \tRbeyaCn_/ kar duplication
RtYtRta v. control
RtYtRta/ cUl v. edayTijykCag 50n
PaKhunrbs;Rkumhun takeover, kar ~ n.
takeover
RtYtBinit control, inspect, GkRtYtBinit

controller
RtYtBinitkarbrR)ak;/ kar exchange control

RtYtBiniteRkayskmPaB/ kar post-action
control(s)
ftcMlg/ kar duplication

ftdak;Tinny kMuBTr n. directory
fycuH/ kar decrease
fycuHtamkareRbIR)as;/ RTB depletive asset
fytMl depreciate
fvika budget, \NTan ~ budget credit,
mUlniFi ~ budget fund, karRtYtBinit ~
budget control
fvikaKantulPaB mannPaB unbalanced

budget
RtYtBinitxaghirBavt/ Gk (financial)
fvikaTUeTArbs;rd state general budget

fvikanIykm budgetarization, budget
preparation, naykdan ~ nig hirBakic
comptroller
RtYtBinitedayeRbIEPk/ kar visual control

RtYtBinitnPak;garKy/ kar customs
department of budgetarization and

finance
examination
RtYtBinitebovtSr_nigf/ kar wage and
fvikaRbtibtikar operating budget

zan kg sgm social status
famBlelIs)anBIkarpMKa synergy
fasrwg hard disk (computer)
efr/ f constant price
price controls
RtYtBinitmunskmPaB/ kar pre-action

control(s)
RtYtBinitsk/ kar stock control

RtYtemIl/ kar check, ~ nigfwgGMNac checks
136
efrevlaGnueRKaH grace period (debt

repayment)
EfTaM/ cMNay upkeep expenses

EfTaMRKb;RKg/ kar stewardship
EfTaMsuxPaB cMNay medical care(expense)
EfTaMsuxPaB/ kar health care, ~ bzm
primary health care (PHC)
EfTaM/ kar maintenance, cMNay ~

maintenance costs
fkMNt;/ dl; by the due date

fQb;sMrakmanebovtSr_ holidays with pay
or paid holidays
fdl;kMNt;sgR)ak; date of maturity, due

date
fTUTat; account day

fTUTat;bBaI/ fCMrHbBaI settlement day
feFVIkar working day
fRbKl;R)ak; QlRbcaMRtImas quarter-
faMsMlab;stVcRg pesticides
fmantMl precious stones
fIEbk/ EdlPaBrbs; adj. & n. novelty
f n. price, ~ efakNas; bargain/cut price,
~ efakbMput rock bottom price, ~ RBmeRBog
agreed price, ~ lk; selling price
f adj. dear, expensive
f/ kMNt; v. price, kar ~ pricing, RbBn ~
pricing system
f RtUvbg; charge, fbnb; RtUvbg;

room charge
f lk; ecjBIXaMg ex-warehouse price

f lk; ecjBIeragcRk ex-works price,
ex-factory price
f kta unit price, rate

fx<s;hYsRbmaN fkab;eqA price cut to
the bone
fKitTaMgBn duty paid price

feKal basic price
fcrn current price, tarag ~ current
day
frYcput Bn day-release
fak; class, ~ eGkUnUmICMnYjelxmYy ekAGI
ynehaH economy/business/ first class
fak; grade (civil servant)
fak;xs< ; zankargar senior, mnI ~ senior
price list
fCak;Esg ruling prices

fQl yanCMniH fare, ~ x<s;Tab tamrdUv
high/low season fare, ~ eFVIdMeNIrEteTA
rWEtmk single/one way fare
fQlenACMBak; back rent
fQlGnueRKaH concessionary fare
officer
fak;qg cross class

fak;rg sub-class
faMbgar vaccine
137
fdwkCBan freight, ~ )anbg;mun freight
fTMnijdwkdl;eRkamdgeyag FOB under
prepaid
tackle
fdwkCBanbg;edayGkTTYl freight/
fTMnijbUkfFanar:ab;rgbUkfdwkCBan CIF
carriage forward
(cost, insurance, freight)
fdwkCBanbg;edayGkepJI carriage paid

fdwkCBanyktamfTMnij ad valorem
fTMnijbUkfdwkCBan cost and freight

(C & F )
fTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price

fTMnijeBlehobbiThag closing price
fRTRTg;CIvPaB cost of living
f Fmtacrn going price
feFob relative price
fenATIpSar rW fTIpSar market price
fenARBMEdn border price
f)anRbkas quoted price
fRbkas enATIpSar quotation
fRbkaslk; offered price
fRbkYtRbECg competitive price
feRbIesva ]> eRbIpv/ s<an>>> toll
feBj full price ( no discount)
fmanninakarfycuH prices are inclined to
freight
fdul gross price

fedIm cost price, cost, ~ TMnijlk;ecj
cost of goods sold, ~ plitkm
manufacturing cost
fedImktabEnm marginal cost

fedIm,IbeBajTMnij/ karkMNt; clearance
pricing
fEdlGacTijdUr)an accessible price

fefakdl;)at fefakNas; rock bottom
price
fTak;m:Uy introductory offer

fTMnijdwkdl;EKmnava
FAS (free alongside ship)
fTMnijdwkdl;eKaledA FOB shipment to

destination
ease
fTnM ji dwkdl;elInava FOB (free on board)

fTMnijdwkdl;elInava nigerobeGay FOB
trimmed
fTMnijdwkdl;elIpvEdk FOR (free on rail)

fTMnijdwkdl;elIrfyn FOT (free on
truck)
fykbEnm surcharge
fyutiFm fair price
flk; selling price
flk; efak edayKittamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;
cash price
felI/ kar[ edIm,IRbECgTij counter-offer
fTMnijdwkdl;Gakasyandan FOB airport

138
felIRkb flk;raycuHelIRkbesovePA/
TsSnavdI>>> cover price
felIbBaI kataLk list price
fsBVRKb; fKitbBalRKb;mux TMnij/
Fanar:ab;rg/ dwkCBan>>> all-in price
fsmRsbnwglTPaBTijrbs;RKb;Ka prices
TTYlxusRtUvmankMNt;/ kar limited liability

TTYlTMnij/ Gk consignee
TTYlRBm v. lixitpas;br/ rUbiyaNti accept
(a bill of exchange), lixitbBaak;kar ~
notification of acceptance, viBaabnbRt ~
acceptance certificate, bgajlixitedIm,I
sMukarbBaak; ~ present a bill for acceptance
TTYlRBmedaymanlkxN/ kar qualified
to suit all pockets
fesva service charge

fGtibrma ceiling price
fGnueRKaHdl;GkTij buyer's price
fkta unit price, rate
acceptance
TTYlRBmeday\tsMc/ kar unqualified

acceptance
TTYlRBmTaMgRsug/ kar absolute acceptance

TTYlsal; v. acknowledge, ~ karTTYl
mUlb,TanbRt acknowledge receipt of a
T
TkSiNRbeTs RbeTsRk south countries
TegVI performance
TNkm sanction, ~ esdkic economic
cheque
sanction
Tn;Pn; flexible
TnanykdI/ kar land grabbing
Tb;fnigebovtSr_mineGayeLIg/ kar
TTYlsal;/ kar recognition, accreditation

Tn;exSay/ ksikr weak farmers,
disadvantaged farmers
TNkmxagviny disciplinary sanction

TNit GkCab;BnnaKar convict
TTYl/ Gk receiver
TTYl/ Gk ]> CMnYy recipient, RbeTsTTYl
CMnYy recipient country
TTYlxusRtUv/ kar responsibility, liability
TTYlxusRtUv/ PaB trusteeship
TTYlxusRtUv tamc,ab; cMeBaH liable for
TTYlxusRtUvKankMrti / kar unlimited liability
139
price
and salary freeze
Tb;sat; v. curb
TliTPaB m> RkIRk/ PaB poverty
TsPaK decile n. (statistics), decimal
adj., elx ~ n. decimal
TsvtSr_/ CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaM decennial
population census
TsSn_lTPaB n. rW PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an
collection, TIPak;garTarbMNul debt

collection agency
predictability
TsSn view, TsSnrYm overview

TsSnkicsikSa study tour
TsSnviCaesdkic economic philosophy
TsSnvisy outlook, perspective
TsSnesdkic/ tam from the economic
Tarmin)an/ Edl irrecoverable

Tal;Rck/ PaB deadlock, TMlay
~ break
the deadlock
TsSnaTan concept, conception

Tak;TgTak;Tin/ Cab; related
Tak;Taj adj. attractive, f ~ GtifiCn
Tij purchase, ~ eCO purchase on credit,

Tij/ kar ~ purchase
Tij/ Gk buyer, purchaser, vendee
Tijykvij buy back, repurchase
TidPaBxageBlevla time dimension
Tidakar/ cuH GnuBaatcMNay endorse v.
attractive price
(an expense) (French: viser)
TajcMNUl/ GRta rate of return

Tan;eBl Btman up to date (information)
TabCagfedIm below cost
TamTar sMNgkarxUcxatR)ak;b:Hb:Uv v. claim
TinikCn m> BlkrsuIR)ak;f day labourer

Tinny data, bBal ~ v. enter data,
mUldan ~ n. database
Tinny eqAminTan;viPaK raw data
TinnyRbPBTIBIr secondary data
Tinpl yield
Tinanub,vti journal (accounting) , bN ~
standpoint
compensation
TamTar/ kar demand, claim

TamTar/ EdlBMuRtUv)an unclaimed
TamTar/ Gk claimant
TamTarKNenyPaBBI demand
journal voucher
Tis direction
TisedA direction, pl;TisedAnigkarENnaM
accountability from
Tayk donor
TayCTan endowment
TayCTan allowance, ~ eGaydl;rMls;
provide direction and guidance
TisedA n. objective
TIkEng site
TIXkal m> ryeBlEvg long term
TIcat;karKy customs house
depreciation allowance
TayaT GkTTYlmrtk heir

Tar RbmUlR)ak; collect payment, kar ~
140
TIcat;karcuHbBaICapvkar registered office
agency
TIcat;karFM head office

TICMrk sanctuary
TICMral watershed
TItaMg location
TIRbwkSa adviser (advisor), ~ hirBavt
TIsMGagbBaak;BIxagFnaKar bank reference

TIsak;karkNal nRkumhun headquarters
TwkdGn; bad workmanship
TwkEt R)ak;eGayeRkA tip
TwkR)ak; amount, sum, ~ dul gross
amount, ~ nvikybRt amount of
financial adviser
invoice
TIpSar market, ~ rUbiyvt money/finance

market, ~ biT closed market
TIpSarkMBugpuseT,Ig emerging market
TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgcuHf bear
Twksab freshwater, karensaT ~ freshwater

fisheries RtI ~ freshwater fish
Tukcit/ karrMelaPesckI abuse of trust
Tukcit/ EdlKYreGay trustworthy
Tuqn ill-will
TudPaB karminRBmcUlxneTAtulakar
(of a company)
market
TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgf bull
market
contumacy
TIpSarpac;mux monopoly/captive market

TIpSarmankarpt;pg;eRcInCagtMrUvkar soft
TutIyta duplicate (copy)

TuTidi/ kar)a:n;san pessimistic estimate
Tun capital
Tun edImBUC edIm,I[)anduHdal seed
market
TIpSarrUbiyvt money market

TIpSar\NTan credit market
TIPak;gar agency, ~ CMnYy aid agency, ~
BinitlTPaBmuneBlvinieyaK pre-
capital
TunbgVil rW Tunclt circulating/working/

trading capital, revolving fund
Tunecj/ dk v. decapitalise
TunbMrug capital reserves
TunmnusS/ vinieyaK human-capital
investment agency
TIPak;garKmnakar travel agency

TIPak;gardwkCBan forwarding agency
TIPak;gareTscrN_ travel agency
TIPak;garpac;mux sole agency
TIPak;garrUbiyvtkNal central-monetary
investment
TunminTan;)anbg; unpaid capital

Tunmas;hunFmta equity capital
141
TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfak;
TUTat;tamFnaKar/ kar bank clearing

TUTat;tamrebob em:Akarqaka/ kar lump-
TUTat;sgR)ak;CMBak;eK v. pay up
TUeTA general
TUeTA/ PaB generality
TUTaMgRbeTs nationwide
TUrKmn_/ Gasydan telegraphic address
TUrBum< telex
TUrsar fax
TUlMTUlay adj. comprehensive
eTogTat; adj. regular, R)ak;cMNUl ~
regular income, PaB ~ regularity
eTogTat;/ Ca steadily
eTogTat;/ eday regularly
eTogTat;/ min irregular
eTogeBl/ eday periodically
eTsrdmnI senior minister
eTsPaBkarBar/ tMbn; protected landscape
eTas TNbBati penalty
eTaskm offence
eTasTN/ dak; v. impose/inflict a penalty
eTAvijeTAmk mutual, karCYyKa ~ mutual
assistance, manplRbeyaCn_ ~ mutual
sum payment
benefit
risk capital
(venture capital)
TunGclt fixed capital

TuBVlPaB m> bBaHKuNPaB/ kar
degradation
TurKtPaB poverty
TurikS famine
TUk boat
TUTat;/ kar settlement, ~ pac; final
settlement, FnaKarTUTat; settlement
bank, \NTanTUTat; settlement credit
TUTat;/ karmin non-payment
TUTat;/ f account day
TUTat;/ min adj. unpaid (cheque)
TUTat;Camun/ kar advance payment
TUTat;Cavt/ kar payment in kind
TUTat;bg; R)ak;ecj v. pay out
TUTat;bg; pac; v. pay off
TUTat;tamdMNak;nCMenOn kargar/ kar
progress payment
TUTat;TaMgRsug/ Edl)an fully paid up

TUTat;bMNulTaMgRsug liquidate/discharge a
debt
TUTat;R)ak;EdlBMuTan;)ansg/ eFVIkar clearing

the arrears
142
TMgn;dul gross weight

TMgn;nicl rW TMgn;gab; dead-weight
TMgn;bg; design weight
TMng/ PaB likelihood
TMnak;TMng relation, liaison,

TMnak;TMng relation, liaison, kariyaly ~
liaison office, ~ saFarN public
relations, ~ GnrCati international
TMnijnaMecj exports, mux ~ export
relations
TMnijmUlFn rW TMnijCaTun TMnijsMrab;plit

TMnijepSgeTot capital goods
TMnijlk;dac;qab; gaylk;; quick seller
TMnijlk;efakBiess special offer
TMnijlk;mindac;bBanmkvij sales returns,
article/item
TMnijbBantamynehaH air cargo/freight

TMnijminKg;yUr Gahar/ sarBtman>>> nondurables
TMnak;TMngCMnYjpac;mux dealership
TMnas; n. conflict, ~ dIFI land conflict,
~ plRbeyaCn_ conflict of interest
TMnij goods, ~ eRbIR)as; consumer/
consumable goods, ~ eRbIR)as;kgpH
household goods, ~ eFVIedaym:asuIn
manufactured goods, ~ RbNit luxury
goods, ~ xUcKuNPaB faulty goods, ~
qgkat;kgskepJIeTAlk; goods in transit/
in stock/ on consignment
TMnij nigesva goods and services

TMnijKanGkTTYl goods in abeyance
TMnijgayxUc n. perishables
TMnijRcbUkRcbl; minTan;EbgEcktamRbePT
unascertained goods
TMnijdwktamnava cargo
TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk clearance inwards
TMnijEdlputBIKyBinit clearance
returns
TMnijGacfwgrWrab;)an fungibles
TMnukcit/ Cnkan;tMENgCaTI fiduciary
TMnukcitelIrUbiyvt monetary confidence
TMenIbPavUbnIykmTMenIbkm modernisation,
eFVI ~ modernise
TMenrecal idle, em:ag ~ idle time
TMenar propensity
TMrg; profile
TMrg; nig Kti nc,ab; form and legal
concepts of the law
outwards
TMnijnaMcUl imports
TMnijnaMcUlsMrab;eRbIR)as; kgRsuk retained
imports
143
TMrg;kar formalities
TMrg;kar m> nItiviFI procedure
TMrg;kar ksar form (document)
TMrg;kardEdl n. routine
TMrg;EbbbT formalities
TMrg;EbbbT/ bMeBj fill in a form
TMrg;sMbuRt layout of a letter

TMlak;GvI :an;ecalxHedIm,IsMral nava/ ynehaH
~ CarUbiybN foreign assets (bank)
jettison
net foreign assets
TMlab;/ Ca habitual
TMlab;rebobrbb TIpSar market practice
TMlayPaBTal;Rck/ kar breakthrough
TMhM size, dimension, magnitude
TMenomTMlab;Ep custom of the port (COP)
TMenomTMlab;BaNiCkm commercial usage
TaMgmUl whole
RTg;RTay form
RTRTg; v. sustain, support, sVy ~ selfsustain, ~ CIvit sustain life
RTRTg;KaeTAvijeTAmk/ CYy mutually
RTBskmsuT/ tMlBit net worth ( asset
RTBskmbreTs foreign assets, ~ suT
supportive
RTnab;; buffer, tMbn; ~ buffer zone

RTBCitdUcrUbiyvt RTBskmEdlGacbrCa
rUbiyvt)any:aggay near-liquid asset or
near money
RTBbeBaIenAbreTs m> RTBskmbreTs

foreign assets
RTBmUlFn capital asset, cMNayelI ~
based on the present market value

deducts current liabilities)
RTBsm,tirYmKa co-property
RTBsm,ti rW RTB property, asset, BnelI
RTBsm,tikmsiTi property tax, ~ RTB
sm,tiFmCati natural asset
RTBsm,tirbs;buKlEdlsab; estate
RTBGkm liabilities, ~ crn current
liabilities
RTBGacbrykR)ak;)anrhs liquid assets

RTwsI theory
TVIk/ RbBnf dual price system
eTVTis two-way
eTVbT m> CMerIs
eTVPaK/ karcuHbBaI double entry bookeeping,
viFIcuHbBaIeTVPaK double-entry
eTVPaKI/ CMnYy bilateral aid/assistance
capital expenditure/investment/outlay
RTBmas; equities
RTBrYmsM)ac;bIRbBn Camas;rYmKa
Fn;Fr/ eFVIeGayrwtEt exacerbate

FnFan resource, kareRbIR)as; ~ resource
consumption, karKitKUrsMc ~ husbanding
community property
RTBskm asset, ~ crn current asset,

~ Cab;lab; fixed asset, capital asset,
of resources
144
FnFanClpl fisheries resource

FnFanRTBrYm common property
FnaKarebIksar\NTan issuing/opening/
originating bank (letter of credit)
resources (CPR)
FnFanFmCati natural resource

FnFanrUbvn GaKar/ ]bkrN_>>> physical
resources
FnFanesenTik genetic resources

FnbRt m> RkdasR)ak; banknote
FnbMrug reserve, ~ mantm reserve of
value, KNnI ~ katBVkic reserve
requirement account, kartMrUv ~ reserve
requirements, PaK ~ reserve tranche
FnbMrugtamc,ab; legal reserves
FnbMrugbreTs foreign reserves
FnlaP annuity, CIv ~ life annuity
FnvDPaB m> vibulPaB
Fnvin m> cMeNj/ PaBman
FnaKar bank, ~ kNal central bank, ~
TTYlR)ak;beBaI deposit money bank, ~
Cati national bank, ~ epJIR)ak; bank of
deposit, FnaKarik banker
FnaKarqgeqIy correspondent bank
FnaKarCUndMNwg notifying bank, advising
FnaKare)aHpSayRkdasR)ak; issue bank

FnaKarmanRKb;esva fully fledged bank
FnaKarrYmPaKhun joint stock bank
FnaKar sBaysnSM savings bank
FnaKarGBaNiC non commercial bank
FnaKar\NTan credit bank
FnaKarkeTs specialised bank
FnaKarik banker
FmnuBa charter
FmnuBaPaB constitutionality
FmanurUb m> eBjc,ab; legitimate
Frman/ cUlCa come into force
FatucUl input
Fatuecj output, ~ cugeRkaysMerc final
output, ~ GnrkarI intermediate output
FatupSM component
Faturwg hardware (computer)
Fana/ kar guarantee, warranty, ~ TUTat;
guarantee of payment, ~ KuNPaB quality
guarantee, rUbiyaNtiman ~ garanteed bill
of exchange
Fana/ R)ak; bail (money deposited to free
bank
FnaKarTij]bkrN_TUTat;lixitbMNul
sb from detention until the trial),
bNFana bail bond

Fana/ mankar secured, RTBskm ~
discount bank
FnaKarTUTat; paying bank

145
eBjelj assets fully secured

Fana/ rbs; collateral, security, guarantee,
~ sMrab;R)ak;kMcI guarantee for a loan
Fana/ Gk warrantor, guarantor
Fana/ GkTTYl)ankar warrantee
FanakarTUTat;/ R)ak; bUkbEnmsMrab; del
Furbnan;/ edayman distress, karlk; ~

distress sale
Fak;cuH/ kar drop

Fak;cuHy:agKMhuk v. ]>fplitpl fall
sharply/abruptly
credere
Fanar:ab;rg insurance, Pak;gar ~ insurance

agent, Rkumhun ~ insurance company,
viBaabnbRt ~ insurance certificate
Fanar:ab;rg/ kar insurance, ~ eTAvijeTAmk
mutual insurance, ~ RTBsm,ti property
insurance, ~ bEnm additional insurance,
~ pvsmuRT marine insurance, ~ elIeRKaH
fak; accident insurance, ~ elICIvit life
insurance, ~ elIParTTYlxusRtUv liability
insurance, ~ haniPyRKb;RbePT all-risks
insurance, ~ haniPybgedaysRgam warrisk insurance, ~ eRKaHGKIPy fire
insurance
Fanar:ab;rgdNb;minsBV/ kar undercoverage

(insurance)
Fanar:ab;rgbn/ kar reinsurance

Fanik/ tMl m> tMlTIpSar
Furkic business
FurCn businessman/woman
Fak;cuHyWt/ kar decline

Fak;cuHesdkic/ kar economic recession/
downturn, ~ Caskl global economic
recession
Fak;Fak;cuH v. decrease, karFak;f

decrease in price
Fak;f v. depreciate
Fak;f/ kar fall in prices, price decrease
eFVIkareBjem:ag v. work full-time
eFVIkarminekIt/ Edl unfit for work
eFVIkarmineBjem:ag v. work part time
eFVIkarem:agbEnm v. work overtime
eFVIEkgkay/ kar falsification
eFVIcMNakRsuk rW cakRsuk BIeTA v. migrate
from/to
eFVItam m> Rbtibtitam comply

eFVIviPaCn_ v. m> lEck allocate
eFVIskmPaBrYmKa v. edIm,IsMerceKaledAGVI
mYy act in concert
eFVIGcyTanCaclnvt v. bequeath
eFVIeGaymansmPaB/ kar equalisation
eFVsRbEhs/ kar negligence, ~ Fn;Fr
gross negligence
146
nikmCn m> GkGt;kareFVI n. unemployed

nikmPaB m> Gt;kareFV,I PaB unemployment,
R)ak;]btmcMeBaH ~ unemployment benefit,
~ tamrdUv seasonal unemployment
nikitPN deposit, ~ Fana guaranteed
n
nKrUbnIykm urbanisation, RksYgerobcM
EdndI ~ nigsMNg; Ministry of Land
Management, Urbanisation and
Construction (MLMUC)
deposit
niekb mortgage
niekbKahk mortgagee
nicPaB perpetuity
niCatUbnIykm denationalization
nitanukUlPaB legality
niTNPaB impunity, vb,Fm ~ culture of
nBVn arithmetic, mFm ~ arithmetic

mean
neya)ay/ kmviFI rbs;KNbkS political

platform (of a party)
neya)ayrUbiyvt monetary policy

neya)aysareBIBn fiscal policy
nrCati m> mnusSCati anthropology
nantPaB m> GtulPaB
namkrN_GaCIvkm business name
nambN business card
namvlI matika nomenclature
nayk director, GK ~ director-general
naykRkumhun chief executive
naykRKb;RKg managing director
naykrg deputy manager
nayTun capitalist
narsar messenger
narakrN_/ TukCa v. abrogate
navaPN cargo
nikmkalik temporary unemployment
impunity
niTsSn_ prospect
niTn m> kSyFn bankrupt
niTnPaB m> PaBkSyFn bankruptcy
ninakar tendency, ~ fycuH downward
tendency, ~ ekIneLIg rising/upward
tendency
ninakar trend, ~ TIpSar market trend

ninakarneya)ay political affiliation
ninivarN_ m> huBTu/ kar
nibulniym Malthusianism
nimitsBaasMKal;zan status symbol
nimitehtu symptom
nimabnkm m> sabtkm architecture
nimitkm policy formulation
147
niytkm regionalisation, normalisation

niytkr regulator
niytPaB regularity
niymmYyRKa/ GVIEdleK fad
niyamkar ryTTwg/ rybeNay
nItirYm general regulations

nItiviFI procedure, ~ eGayxIR)ak; lending
procedures
nItiviFIRbtibtikarsg;dar standard operating

procedures
nItism,Ta rehabilitation, KMerag ~

rehabilitation project
coordinates
nieyaCk employer
nieyaCit employee, EdlykcitTukdak;eTA
elI ~ employee oriented
nirnrPaB continuity
nirRbevsn_ m> CncMNakRsuk migrant
nivtCn retiree
nivtn_/ karcUl retirement
nivasCn rW nivasnCn resident
nivasdan rW nivasndan residence
nievTnbN manifest, manifesto
nisSn/ ]bkrN_ derivative instrument
nItisarCati legal substance (French:

nature juridique)
nItanukUl legal
nItanukUlkm/ eFVI v. legalise, authenticate
nItanukUlPaB legality
nIrPy m> suvtiPaB safety
nIhrN export, ]btmFn ~ export
subsidy
nIhrNkm m> naMecj/ kar

nuy n. bait, eRbIluyCa ~ use money as a
bait
ensaT/ kar fishery, fishing

ensaTRtIhYsRbmaN/ kar overfishing
ensaTsmuRT marine fisheries
enAKrminTan;eFVI/ kargar backlog
naMcUl import, GaCJabN ~ import permit,
Gk ~ importer, Bn ~ import duty
naMcUlnaMecj edaypal;/ kar direct
(banking)
nisSnvt by-product
nisSarNkm extraction, ~ Fgf coal
extraction
niharin m> naMecj/ Gk exporter

nItikm legislation
nItikal sPa legislature (parliament)
nItibuKl legal entity/person
nItiBn m> GkeFVIc,ab;
nItird rule of law
import/export
naMecj export, GaCJabN ~ export licence,

Bn ~ export duty, taragBn ~ export tariff,
148
BaNiCkm ~ export trade

naMecj/ kar exportation or export, ~ pac;mxu
monopoly export, ~ Blkm export of
workers
naMecj/ Gk exporter, RkumhunnaMecj

exporting firm
naMecjbn/ kar re-exportation

naMmuxeK leading, GaMgDIkaTr ~ leading
begIt/ kar creation, establishment

begItR)ak;cMNUl/ skmPaB incomegenerating activities
bgMeGayTUTat; v. enforce payment

bgMeGayGnuvt/ dak; v. enforce
bgrTuk v. accumulate, rMls; ~
accumulated depreciation
bRgYbbRgYm v. unify, kar ~ unification

bgViltMl/ kar mYyqaMKitmgCakardwgKuN
dl;GtifiCn rebate
bgVilTun/ kar circulation of capital
bgVilvijTan;eBl timely return (of a
cheque,...) nUvmUlb,TanbRt/>>>
bgVilsgR)ak;Bn/ kar Edl)anbg;elIs
indicator
naMmuxeKelITIpSar/ plitplRkumhun market

leader
naMeGay v. prompt
b
bktikm m> RbRktIPaBkm
bkPaB maturity
bkSRbqaMg opposition (party)
bg;Casac;R)ak;/ karsMu cash offer
bg;R)ak;Fanaxn v. bail out
bg;R)ak;eBlbBaaTij cash with order
remission of taxes
bgVilsgvij/ Edlmin non-refundable

bgVileGayvij v. relinquish
bgVwk/ kar coaching
bEgVrpkg internal transfer
bgaj v. present
begIy/ kar completion
(CWO)
bglkNgayRsYl v. facilitate
bgk freeze, kar ~ ebovtSr_
mineGaycuHeLIg/ wage freeze
bgb; hidden, FnbMrug ~ hidden reserves
bgan;d receipt
bgarkMeNIt/ kar contraception
bgg;/ kar check, bgg;karnaMcUl put a

check on imports
bgak;/ kMlaMg restraining force

bgak;Twkcit/ eRKOg disincentive
bEgk/ mnIreBT referral hospital
149
bcyrg side effect

beckeTs technique, ~ bRgYmsn doubledeflation technique, ~ GaMgDIkaTreTal
single indicator technique
beckeTsBinitvaytMl KMeragkmviFI PERT

(Programme Evaluation and Review
Techniques)
beckviTax<s;/ visy high-tech sector

beckviTa technology, ~ fak;kNal
intermediate technology, ~ TijBIeK
licensed technology, ~ EbbepSg
alternative technology, ~ Btman
information technology (IT), ~ Btman
nigTUrKmnaKmn_ information and
hun downgrade
bBaHf v. mark down
beBaj v. release
beBajedImTun/ Gk backer
bBar counter, ~ lk;TMnij selling counter
bBaa order, bNkar bBaaTij purchase
order
bBaak; v. specify
bBaak;/ FnaKar confirming bank
bBaak;xagxg/ Kan unendorsed
bBaak;CaBakeBCn_ articulate
bBaak;GHGag bEnm v. corroborate
bBaak;fa)anTTYl/ esckI
acknowledgement (of receipt)
communication technology (ICT)
bBaak;faBit v. validate
bBaak;f/kar confirmation of price
bBaak;nUvkarbBaaTij/ kar confirmation of
bcb,nPaB/ eFVI v. update

bcakal/ kg a posteriori
bcaCn descendant
bBaPaK siti quintile
bBab; kargar/ kar termination
bBaaM v. pawn
bBal Ka/ kar amalgamation
bBalXaMg put in warehouse, lay in stock
bBalCasaxa Rkumhun/ kar absorption
bBauHtMlrUbiyvt/ kar devaluation
bBaHKuNPaB/kar degradation
bBaHtMl v. ]> kgkarBakrN_tMlsnwk
order
bBaaTij/ kar buying order

bBaaTijdMu bulk order
bBaaTijEfmeTot/ kar muxTMnijdEdl
repeat order
bBaalk; selling order

bBaI list
bBaI n. register, ~ BaNiCkm commercial
register
bBaIexA blacklist
150
bBaIKNeny books of accounts

bBaIeQaHGkkan;sBaabNrbs;Rkumhun
bBab; GaCIvkm/ kar termination

bBab;buKlik lay off
bBab;BIkargar v. dismiss, kar ~ dismissal
bBab;GaCIvkm/ kar cessation of business
bBar/kareFVIsmahrNkm vertical
register of debenture
bBaIflk; tariff
bBaITMnijdwkCBan cargo list
bBaIbUkRtYt cumulated list
bBaIR)ak;ecjcUl cash book (CB)
bBaIrayeQaH directory
bBaIevcxb; packing list
bBaIsareBIPNeBlkSyFn statement of
integration (company)
affairs
bBaIsMnYr sMrab;sMPasn_ questionnaire

bBaI GkdMeNIrTMnijdwkCBan tamynehaH rW
nava manifest
bBan sar/ kar transmission
bBanbBanTMnij v. dispatch, kar ~ n.
dispatch
bBanRtLb; v. return, mUlb,TanbRt ~

returned cheque, TMnij ~ returns
bBanTMnij forward goods v.
bBanTMnij/ kar consignment, lixit ~
consignment note
bBanTMnij/ Gk consignor
bBanTMnijCabeNIr/ kar instalment
shipment
bBab; buKlik discharge

bBab;/ KNnI blocked account
151
bBati prescription
bBati rW bTb,Bati provision (law)
bBatisgm social strictures
beBaI/ bgan;dTTYlR)ak; deposit receipt
beBaI/ RbkasnIybRt certificate of
deposit
beBaI/ R)ak; deposit, ~ crn demand

deposit, ~ snSM savings deposit
beBaIcrn/R)ak; demand deposit
bRBaab v. mainstream
bRBaas/ cuH contra-transfer
bBaaRbQm challenge
bBaasab;rs; life or death issue
bdikar reciprocity
bdiekaslvicy counter valuation
bdiKahk donee
bdidularUbnIykm de-dollarisation
bdiniytkm/ eFVI v. deregulate
bdiPaK counterpart, ~ bdiPaK contra account
bdiPaKI counter party
bdirUb specimen
bdilaP m> cMNUl income
bdivtn_btg green revolution
bdivaTkm contradiction
bdiesF/ kar refusal, ~ karTTYlRBm
refusal of acceptance
bdiesFbgab;munecal n. countermand
bdiesF)an/ minGac irrevocable,
sar\NTan ~ irrevocable letter of credit
bdiesFelxna cancel an entry
(accounting)
bznPN apparatus
bzm primary, tMrUvkar ~ primary need
bNak;Tun/ kar m> vinieyaK investment
bNaj grid
bNaj network, grid, ~ GKIsnI power
beNaHGasn temporary, interim,

bNFanar:ab;rg ~ temporary cover,
rdaPi)al ~ interim government
bNit/fak; Ph.D. degree
bNkmsiTi title deed, ~ dI land title
bNkmsiTiykCakarmin)an bad title
bNkargar labour card
bNcMNay voucher, ~ ebLa cash
voucher or petty-cash voucher, ~
mUlb,TanbRt cheque voucher

bNCMBak;R)ak; promissory note
bNdwkCBanTMnij bill of lading (B/L)
bNdwkCBanpvGakas air bill of lading,
airway bill, air-consignment note
bNdwkCBanminl foul bill of lading

bNtMNagR)ak; voucher
bNRtYtBinitrbs;Ky clearance
grid/network
bNaleGay v. cause, prompt

bNwg rW BakbNwg complaint
bNwgvivaT litigation
bNwgsaFarN prosecution
bNM set ( a set of goals)
bNHbNal/ kar training, ~ Pab;nwgkargar
on-the job training, ~ dac;BIkargar ]>
enAmhaviTaly off-the job training
bNHbNalviCaCIIv/ kar vocational
certificate
bNTTYlTMnij delivery receipt

bNTTYlRBmedayFnaKar bank
acceptance
bNFanaKuNPaB certificate of guarantee

bNFanar:ab;rgbeNaHGasn temporary
cover (insurance)
bNFanar:ab;rgelIhaniPyRKb;RbePT full
cover (insurance)
bNbBaaTij order form/slip

bNbBaaTijmin)anGnuvt unfilled orders
training
152
bNbBaaeGayRbKl;TMnij delivery order

bNbrR)ak; letter of exchange
bNpkTMnijRtwmRtUv KankMNt;RtaBITMnij
xusxUceT clean bill of lading
bNpkTMnijnava bill of lading (B/L)
bNrtnaKar treasury bond
bNsgR)ak; acquittance roll
bNsnaFanar:ab;rgmankalkMNt; time
ordinance
bTbBaapkg by-laws (see also articles

of association), internal rules
bTBiesaFn_ experience
bTmCwm kMritTabCagbT]Rkid
misdemeanour
policy
bNsnar:ab;rg insurance policy

bN snasgCMBak;R)ak; promissory note
bNsresrepJIR)ak; deposit slip
bNsac;R)ak; cash card
bNsMeNA\NTan credit slip
bNGnuBaat warrant
bN\NTan credit card
bNaFikar manager, ~ rg undermanager
bt;Ebn)an/Edl flexible
btabn extradition
bTdan norm
bTENnaMsIBIebovtSr_nigf directives on
wages and prices
bTbgaj presentation
bTb,BatiTUeTA general provisions
bTbBaa instruction, regulations, ~ pkg
internal regulations
bTbBaa RbtisiTiCnGksgkar
bTelIs offence
bTelIsc,ab;Ky customs breach
bTelIsRBhTN crime
bTsMPasn_ n. interview, ~ Bak;kNal
erobry semi-structured interview
bT]Rkid felony
bn/ dMNak;kalCa succeeding stage
bnBUC/ nkar adj. reproductive, suxPaB
bnBUC reproductive health
bneBl eGay/ kar extension
bnrhUt rW bnCab; adj. continuous
bnevn/ Gk successor
bneLIgvijnUvkarnaMecj/ kar eRkay)anpak
mYyry resumption of exports
bnGaCJabN v. renew a licence
bny f/ Bn n. abate, kar ~ abatement
bnydl;kMritGb,brma v. minimise
bnyfvikabnicmg v. pare the budget
bnyf/ kar cMeBaHGtifiCnEdlTijeRcIn
rebate
bEnm additional, supplementary,
trustee
153
buBVlaP ~ additional premium

bEnm/ GVIEdl addendum, c,ab;sIBIc,ab;
bEnm law on addendum
bnan; urgent, immediate, kgkrNI ~ in
case of emergency, tMrUvkar ~ urgent
need, TisedA ~ immediate objective
bnab;bnSM secondary, incidental, minor,
tMrUvkar ~ secondary need
bnk burden,~ Pstag burden of proof,
~ Bn tax burden
bnkcMNay rW bnk charge, cost,
~ cMeBaH GkeRbIR)as; user costs, ~ Fana
r:ab;rgsgm social-insurance cost,
~ Rbtibtikar operational costs, ~ m:ahSI
Nal; marginal cost, ~ hirBavt financial
bmaNnIykm m> sg;darUbnIykm

standardisation
bmaNPaK m> kUta quota

bmaNIykrN_/eFVI m> bBaak;GHGag bEnm
corroborate
bmanIyKuNPaB rW sg;darKuNPaB quality

standard
breTs
foreign, RTBGkm ~ foreign
liabilities (bank), RTBskm ~ suT net

foreign assets
brmti paradox
braCy/ TTYl v. founder
brikb, speculation, ~ esdkic economic
speculation
brikarN_ m> bribT context

brikarFunFn; heavy equipment
briBaabRt/ fak; bachelor's degree
britp rNa deflation, KMlat ~ deflationary
gap, snsSn_ ~ deflator, eFVI ~ esdkic
charge/cost
bnkBn tax burden

bnkBnfycuHTabbMput/ kareFVIeGay tax
deflate the economy
minimisation
briFan apparatus, instrument

bribT/ brikarN_ context
bri)al boss, patron
briplitkm overproduction
brimaN quantity, viFIsaRsviPaKtamEbb ~
bnksgm social cost

bnr v. sMBaF release
bnM/ Gk ]> Bn defrauder
bnSay ]> ]snBul emission
bnST v. purify
bnSI Ka v. catalyse
bnSI v. reconcile
quantitative method
brimaNTMnijnaMecj rW naMcUl volume of

exports (or imports)
154
briyaTan cost
briyaTanpal; direct cost
briyabn/ Ca m> rab;bBal/ Edl inclusive
briyaybN prospectus
brilaP m> R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg
kaysm,Ta mental/physical incapacity

)at;bg;GkmanCMnaj/ kar brain drain
)at;bg;kg edayFmCati natural loss
)atuPaBdIFI land dispute, KNkmkaredaH
Rsay ~ land dispute settlement
emolument
committee
brivckarI m> CMnYykar assistant

brivsi kmmlU bRt subscribing to securities
brisan environment, plb:HBal; ~
environmental impact, kickarBar ~
environmental protection, snisux ~
environment security, karemIlcMNuc
sMxan;kg ~ environment scan
brisanrUbvn physical environment
brihaekr/ karsresr libel
bhark drawer
bharit drawee
)ak;Twkcit/ Blkr discouraged worker
)ak;Ebk/ GIva:n; minrab;CaRTBskmeTenA
eBleFVIsareBIPN breakages
)ak;Ebksgm/ PaB social polarisation
)a:tg;/ bN patent licence
)a:tg;/ Bn business licence tax
)at;edayKankarBnl; adj. unaccounted for
)at;bg;/ kar loss
)at;bg;smtPaB/ kar incapacity, ~ xag bBaa
)atuPUteRKaHfak;manlkNCaRbBn
155
systematic-risk phenomenon
)anKitbEnm accrued, cMnUlcMnay karR)ak;

~ accrued interest income/expense
)anbg;Bn/ Edl duty paid, TMnij)anbg;Bn

duty-paid goods
)a:n;san v. estimate, R)ak;cMeNj ~

estimated profit
)a:n;sansamBaminlMeGog/ kar simple

unbiased estimate
):ar:aEm:Rt parameter
bidielx m> cMNarxg endorsement
bidielx/ GkeFVI m> carxg ksar/ Gk
endorser
biTKNnI v. close an account

biTCit/ esdkic rdRtYtRtatwgruwgelIBaNiCkm
nighirBavt closed economy
biTbBaI/ kar closing the books
buKl person, individual, karFanar:ab;rg ~
individual insurance, , rUbvn ~
physical/natural person, nIti ~ legal
person/entity
buKlik personnel, staff, GtRbeyaCn_pl;

eGay ~ personnel benefits
buKlik rd Cab;kicsna contract (public)
employee
precondition
buervinicy prejudice
buersm,Tan/ sareBIPN pre-concession
inventory
buersI m> Gkrukrk Er:>>> prospector

bunnIhrN re-export
bunnIhrNkm re-exportation
bUksrubKNnI v. balance an account
bUrNPaBEdndI territorial integrity
ebIkRkumhunfIedaylk;snwkhunrbs;RkumhunenaH/
karcab;epIm flotation of a new company
ebIkcMh eq<aHeTAxageRkA/ RbeTs
buKlikkariyaly office personnel,

white-collar worker
buKlikeRcInhYs/ Edlman overstaffed

buKlikrd government employee
buKliklkN KYrkt;sMKal; personality
buRtsm<n Rkumhunemkan;kab;hunCag 50
subsidiary (company)
bunvnkar m> kardaMRBeQIeLIgvij

reforestation
outward-looking country
bunsmahrNkmxagsgmkic social
ebIkTUlayvisyBaNiCkm open the trade
reintegration
sector
bunhirBab,Tan refinancing (loan)

buBVCn ancestor
buBVlkxN prerequisite
buBVlaP premium, bonus, ~ Fanar:ab;rg
insurance premium, ~ bEnm additional
ebIkpl;R)ak;/ kar disbursement, KNnIray

mux ~ disbursement account, kalviPaK
ebIkpl;R)ak; disbursement schedule
ebovtSr_ salary, wage, pay, kMcIelI ~ RtUvTar
mkvij salary loan, snsSn_ ~ salary index
~ cab;epImbMerIkar starting salary
ebovtSr_/ bBaItarag payroll
ebovtSr_/ GkeFVIkaryk wage-earner
eb bale (of cloth, cotton ... )
ebtikPN patrimony, ~ Cati national
premium
buBVsiTi privilege (special right)

buerRbTan R)ak;ebIkeGaymun advance, R)ak;
~ advance money, ~ edaymanvtFana
advance on securities, ~ sMGagelIksar
advance on documents
bursRsI/ tYnaTI m> eynDr gender

buer pre-, ~ Ggr pre-Angkor, ~ lkxN
patrimony/heritage
ebskkm mission, lixitbBaa ~ mission

156
letter, esckIRbkas ~ mission statement,
holder, smaPaK ~ debt ratio, ~ Cati
~ BiniteLIgvij review mission, ~ elIk
national debt, ~ manKan dak;RTBFana
mti formulation mission, ~ EsVgrkkarBit
secured/unsecured debt, ~ Tarmin)an
fact-finding mission
irrecoverable debt, ~ Bi)akTarGaRkk;
ebLa petty-cash fund

ebLakr/ ebLaFikar cashier, teller (in a
bad debt, ~ sgSy doubtful debt
bank)
EbgEckR)ak;cMeNj/ kar profit sharing

EbgEck v. divide, apportion, distribute,
kar ~ Blkm division of labour, R)ak;
cMeNjmin ~ undivided profits
EbgEckKuNPaB/ kar grading
EbgEckPaKhun/ kar allotment of shares
EbgEckeLIgvij/ kar redistribution
EbbbT formalities, bMeBj ~ fulfil
formalities
EbbbT manner
EbbbTniym red tape
EbbbTnkarvinieyaK modality of
investment
EbbbTRbtibtikar modus operandi

EbbbTpl;hirBab,Tan financing
modalities
bMNg intention
bMNgGaRkk; ill-will
bMNinCIvit life skill
bMNul debt, kUn ~ debtor, em ~ debt
bMNul liability
bMNuledaHdUrnwgFmCati debt-for-nature
swaps
bMNulyWty:avminTan;sg arrears
bMENgEck apportionment
bMEbkray/ daRkam dispersion diagram
bMEbkGgpSM/ kar disaggregation
bMe)a:g inflate, f ~ inflated price
bMEbg/ kar transformation (products ...)
bMpuskarPJak;rlwk v. sensitise
bMpusTwkcit v. motivate
bMBan v. contravene
bMBanelInItiviFI/ kar abuse of process
bMBul/ kar pollution, ~ xl; air pollution
bMeBjxat/ R)ak; subsidy, subvention
bMeBjTMrg;EbbbT fill in a form
bMeBjEbbbTKy edIm,InaMcUl rW naMecjTMnij
clear goods through customs
bMeBjeLIgvij v. replenish
bMeBjeGayKaeTAvijeTAmk/ Edl
complementary
bMPan;/ Edl fallacious

157
bMPitbMPy v. intimidate
bMPI clarify
bMrugxVH/ R)ak; deficient reserves
bMrugTuk reserved, RB ~ reserved forest
bMerIGaCIBeGayxng/ Cn self-employed
e)aHbg;ecalkicsna/ kar ignore the

contract, avoidance of contract
e)aHbg;Parkic/ kar dereliction of duty

e)aHR)ak;kak; v. coin (make coins out of
metal)
e)aHpSay/ rUbiyvt currency issued

e)aHpSay/ kar RkdasR)ak;issuance
e)aHBum<pSay v. publish
bwg TamTarRTBbBaaMTamTarniekbRTB
GMNUs foreclose v. the mortgage
bwg v. sue
bwgecaTRbkan;/kar prosecution
bwgtv:a/ Gk complainant
bwgtampvtulakarcMeBaH v. take legal
people
bMErbMrYl n. variation
bMlas;esdkic BiessBIrcnasm<neyaFamk
rcnasm<nesdkicminEmneyaFa economic
conversion
b:HTgic/ kar shock, kar ~ xagkargar

employment shock, kar ~ xaghirBavt
financial shocks
b:Hb:Uv/ kar compensation

b:Hb:Uvvij v. offset
e)aHeqat/ kar vote, poll, ~ sMEdgkarTukcit
action against
ebCJa/ kar karsnadac;Nat; commitment

br/ kar conversion, GRta ~ conversion
vote of confidence
e)aHeqatedayelIkd/ kar show of hands

e)aHeqatsaCafI/ kar re-election
e)aHeqateLIgvij/ kar by-election ( to
price/rate
brlk; ykR)ak; ]> sBaabN redeem

brevnkargar/ kar job rotation
RbkarFanaTUTat; del credere clause
Rbkas \NBn\NTan debit/credit advice
Rbkas/ karesckI declaration,
replace an elected official who has

died or resigned)
e)aHeqateGayKNbkSepSg/ kar eRkABI

KNbkSxn cross-voting
e)aHRtabiT v. seal
e)aHbg; v. abandon, relinquish
e)aHbg;/ kar abandonment, ~ muxCMnYj GVI
mYy abandonment of a trade
proclamation
RbkasCa saFarNpvkar BI cMeNjkMhat

post a profit/loss
RbkasRbtievTn_/ tMl)an declared value

Rbkasf/ kar quotation, ~ snwkhun share
158
kar ~ delivery, karmin ~ non-delivery

RbKl;eGay/ kar ]>kat;eGayeTAmas;bMNul
quotation
RbkasFnaKar bank statement

RbkasnIybRt)a:tg; GnuBaat[RbkbGaCIvkm
cession
RbKl;kicsnaeGay award a contract

RbKl;TMnijxVH/ kar short delivery
RbKl;TMnijRbKl;R)ak; cash on delivery
patent
RbkaspSay rW RbkaspSayCasaFarN v.
publish
RbkasBtman press release

RbkYt/ kar contest
RbkYtRbECgRtwmRtUv/ eKalkarN_
(COD)
RbKl;R)ak;eBl)anTTYlksar cash against
principle
document (CAD)
RbcaMEx monthly, cMNUl ~ monthly
of fair competition
RbkYtRbECg v. compete
RbkYtRbECg/ kar competition, ~ esrI free
competition, pSar ~ competitive
market, f ~ competitive price
RbkYtRbECg/ PaB competitiveness
RbEkkdac;Ghgar/ kar flat denial
RbRktI/ PaBmin mankMhus irregularities
income
RbcaMqaM annual, KMeragfvika ~ annual

budget
RbcaMRtImas quarterly adj. & adv.

RbcaMf daily, cMnUllk; ~ daily sales
return
RbqaMg anti, mInRbqaMgmnusS
anti-
personnel mine
(mistakes)
RbRktI/ min irregular

RbRktIPaBkm normalisation
ERbRkLas;)an/ minGac adj. irreversible
ERbRkLas;)an/ Gac adj. reversible
RbKl; v. deliver, ~ enAkEng)anbg;BnehIy
delivered at duty paid, ~ enARBMEdn
delivered at frontier, ~ TMnijeBlmankar
TUTat; delivery against payment, ~ TMnij
tamdMNak;kal delivery by instalments,
159
RbqaMg rW CMTas; opposition

RbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgcf anti-dumping, Bn ~
anti-dumping duty
RbCaCn population, eKalneya)ay ~

population policy
RbCaCneRcInhYs overpopulation
RbCaCnedIm indigenous people
RbCaCnminEmnGkTIRkug non-urban
population
RbCaCnsamBa ordinary people,

grassroots
RbCaCati nation
RbCanuvDn_ democratisation
RbCaFibetyPavUbnIykm democratisation
RbCaPiftik m> GkbeBacI raRs demagogue
RbECg/ Gk f/ TIpSar>> competitor
RbECgtamKMrUl/ kar emulation
RbCMu/kar meeting
Rbdab;Rbdar tool, ~ eRbIR)as;kgpH
BiesspH)ay utensil
RbDit/ cMeNj imaginary profit
RbNit luxury, TMnij ~ luxury goods,
BaNiCkmvt ~ luxury trade
RbtiRkanelxna/ eFVI reverse an entry,
Rbtibtikar CMnYj transaction

RbtibtikarelIrUbiyvt currency operation
RbtibtikarKitCa luyrUbiyvt monetary
contra-transfer
has been assigned by will, gift...

French: ayant cause)
RbtiXat repercussion (of an incident)

RbtiTin calendar, time schedule, qaM ~
transaction
Rbtibtitam v. comply, kar ~

compliance, karmin ~ non-compliance
RbtiPUkmGMNac delegation of power
RbtiPUkmGMNac/ eFVI v. delegate power
Rbtimti paradox
RbtievTn_ declaration, ~ Ky customs
declaration
Rbtiskm retroactive, \TiBl ~ retroactive

effect
RbtisiTiCn trustee (one to whom a right

RbtiRsut authorised, recognised, licensed,
FnaKar ~ authorised bank, buKl ~
calendar year
Rbtibdivtn_ counter-revolution
Rbtibti adj. executive, nayk ~
executive director, KNkmaFikar ~
authorised person
executive committee
RbQmmuxKa/ kar confrontation, karRbCMu ~
RbtiGaNti/ ecj n. countermand

RbfuyRbfan v. risk, take risk, PaB ~ n.
risk
Rbtibti/ dak;eGay v. enforce, Gacdak;

eGaymantMl ~ enforceable, kardak;
eGay ~ enforcement
Rbtibtikr operator
Rbtibtikar operation, ~ Fanar:ab;rg
confrontation meeting
RbeTslUtlas;ticCageK
least developed
countrries (LDCs)
RbeTsGn;fy underdeveloped countries

RbeTsGnaPivDn_ underdeveloped
countries
insurance operation
160
RbTaMgRbeTIspkg/ Edl paradoxically

RbFan chairman, ~ GgRbCMu chairman of
RbBnsareBIPNnirnn_ perpetual inventory

system
RbFanski force majeure, act of God

RbFansITI acting chairman/chairwoman
RbBn/ Ca systematic, karcuHbBaIdIFI ~
RbBnsVyBRgwg self-reinforcing system

RbBlkm rW RbBlvb,km/ intensification,
~ ksikm agricultural intensification
RbBlkmedImTun EdleRbITunm:asIun eRcIn
systematic land registration
capital intensive
RbBn/ bTBiesaFn_manlkNCa structured
RbBNI/ Ca adj. traditional, rebobrs;enA ~
experience
traditional way of life
RbBnkat;R)ak;dak;shCIBedaynieyaCk
RbRBwtxus v. act wrongly, infringe

RbRBwti xn/ kar conduct
RbRBwtikm n. treatment
RbPBedIm origin, viBaabnbRt ~ certificate
of origin, RbeTs ~ country of origin
RbePT type, category
RbePTesIrputBUC endangered species
RbmaN approximately
Rbmaftulakar/ kar contempt of court
RbmUl/ kar collection, ~ bMNul debit
the meeting
checkoff
RbBnfBIr dual price system

RbBnTUTat; payment systems
RbBnTUTat;bNak; instalment system
RbBnnIykm systematise
RbBnbrR)ak;tamsg;darmas gold-standard
system
RbBnRbtibtikar operative system

RbBnpSBVpSay Btman mass media
RbBnBnkat;TukelIR)ak;ebovtSr_ pay as you
collection
earn (PAYE)
RbmUl/ Gk collector, ~ Bn tax collector,

~ R)ak; money collector, ~ Tijplitpl
ksikm farm produce collector
RbmUl Tar min)an/ Edl irrecoverable
RbmUlmkvij/ kar recovery (debt)
RbmUlmkvij/ EdlGac recoverable (debt)
RbmUlR)ak; collect money, Pak;garFnaKar
RbBnBnfycuH fyGRtaBnenAeBlcMNUl
ekIneLIg regressive tax system
RbBnBnsmamaRt proportional tax
system
RbBnerobcMksar filing system

RbBnsmamaRt e)aHeqat system of
proportional representation
161
~ collecting agent/bank, esahuyCYy ~

collecting charge
RbmUlR)ak;eRkay)anTTYlksar/ kar
documentary collection
RbmUlpM v. gather
RbmUlpM/ kar concentration, ~ dIFI land
concentration
RbmUlpM/ tYelx n. aggregate

RbmUlBtm an v. collect information, take
up references, ~ mkBiniteRbobeFob collate
RbmUlvij salvage
RbmUlksar/kar documentary collection
RbemIleXIj/ min)an unforeseen
RbemIlemIlGnaKt/ kar outlook
RblgRbECg/ kar competitive
examination
Rbvti background, record, ~ eCaKCy

braCy track record
RbvtisaRs/ CMhanmanGtnyCa historical
RbesIr/ eFVIeGay v. upgrade

RbesIrbMput/ karlEck optimal allocation
RbesIreLIg/ kareFVIeGay amelioration
R)aRsyTak;Tg/ kar communication
RbEhl approximately
RbEhsePcPaMg/ kar oversight
RbeLaH range, ~ f price range, ~
cMgayemIleXIj range of vision
R)akdkgcit/ PaB assurance
R)akdniym realism
R)ak; rUbiyvt money
R)ak; edImBUC seed money
R)ak;kk; down payment/deposit
R)ak;kas/ Tak;Tgnwg pecuniary, ehtupl
xagluykak; pecuniary motives
R)ak;kMr wage, pay, kargarsuI ~ wage
work
steps
Rbevsn_/ Pstag admissible evidence

RbsiTPaB efficiency, f ~ effective date
RbsiTPaBcMNay/ Edlman cost-effective
RbsiTPaBfamBl energy efficiency
RbsiTPaB/ eFVIeGayrwtEtman v. rationalize
RbsUtki m/ GRta m> kMeNIt/GRta birth rate
RbesIr bMput/ eFVIeGay)an optimize
162
R)ak;Ex salary, ~ minTan;bg; back pay

R)ak;xImanR)ak;karx<s; dear money
R)ak;gab; rW R)ak;minykeTAeFVIkarrksIu dead
money
R)ak;cMNUl income, proceeds, ~ suT net

income/proceeds
R)ak;cMNUldscesIg pittance
R)ak;cMNUleRkaykat;Bn take home pay
R)ak;cMeNj profit, ~ suT net profit, ~
rkSaTuk retained earnings
R)ak;Ql Blkr wage

R)ak;Ql GclnRTB nigclnRTB rental
R)ak;Ql sMxan; GclnRTB rent
R)afadelIslub/ kar m> mhicta ambition
R)ak;TUTat;ecj ]> edayRkumhunFanara:b;r:g
payout
R)ak;Fana bail cover

R)ak;bg;CYyRkumhunNamYy ]> BIrdaPi)al
payment, golden handshake
R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg emolument
R)ak;bMNac;sMrab;nisSit student stipends
R)ak;bMrug)anxI EdlFnaKarnana)anxIBI
FnaKarkNal borrowed reserves
R)ak;bMrugelIs excess reserve(s)
R)ak;pl;bEnmsMrab;kargarmaneRKaHfak;
danger money
n. payout
R)ak;bg;dl;d prompt cash

R)ak;bg;dMbUg down payment
R)ak;bg;TaMgdul lump-sum
R)ak;bg;pac; payoff
R)ak;bEnm bonus, ~ sMrab;RTRTg;CIvPaB cost
of living bonus
R)ak;beBaI deposit, ~ mankalkMNt; fixed

deposit
R)ak;beBaIkMBugepr deposit in transit

R)ak;beBaIcrn call deposit
R)ak;beBaI;enAFnaKar bank deposit
R)ak;beBaImankalkMNt; time deposit, fixed
deposit, KNnI ~ time deposit account
R)ak;beBaIGacebIk)antamsMeNI min)ac;R)ab;
FnaKarCamun sight deposit
R)ak;buerRbTan R)ak;ebIkmun cash advance
R)ak;bMNac; remuneration
R)ak;bMNac;eBlQb;eFVIkar severance
163
R)ak;Biny forfeit money

R)ak;ruWERtt m> esaFnnivtn_ pension
R)ak;elIsxVH bnicbnckgebLa cash over
and short
R)ak;viPaCn_ financial appropriation

R)ak;viPaCn_sgm social welfare/security
R)ak;sKuN gratuity, honorarium
R)ak;snaeGay pledge
R)ak;snSMtamTMlab; traditional savings
R)ak;sMNgRbcaMqaM annuity
R)ak;Gab; change, change fund
R)ak;]btm benefit, ~ fBa)al medical
benefit
R)ak;]btm BIbIeTARbBn rW BIRbBneTAbI

eRkayeBlElgKa alimony
R)ak;]btmRKYsar family allowance(s)
R)ak;]btmeBlQW sick pay
R)atiePaK m> rbs;Fana security
R)atiePaKbMNul vtdak;FanabMNul lien
R)afadelIslub/ kar ambition

RbwgERbgKan)anpl/ kar unavailing efforts
RbugRbyt/ viFankar prudential measure
RbU)ablIet probability
eRbIR)as; v. consume, TMnij ~ consumer
goods, GkeRbIR)as; consumer
eRbIR)as;/ kar consumption, ~ kgRsuk
accounting
bg;cMbg grand plan

bg;eRcIndMNak; multi-stage design, ~
minsamBa complex multi-stage design
bg;sMbuRt layout of letter
bg;sVyTMgn; self-weighting design
bk block
domestic consumption
eRbIR)as;)an/ EdlminGac unusable,

unserviceable
eRbIGs;/ kar depletion

eRbgkat petroleum
eRbgeqA crude oil
eRbg\nn petroleum, kicRBmeRBogsIBI
snisux ~ petroleum security agreement
eRbv:aLg;PaBCaTUeTA prevalence
eRbsitebskCnBiess envoy
ERbRbYl adj. variable
ERbRbYl/ kar variation
ERbRbYlxusPaBedIm/ kar distortion
Rb/ karERbCa ]> dIRb salination or
salinisation
bg; n. plan, design, ~ KMrUtag sample

design, ~ GaCIvkmsKsaj complex
business plan
bg;kEng rcnaerobcM layout

bg;KNenyTUeTA chart of general
pl proceeds
pl elIselIsBItMrUvkar surplus
pl/ EdlKan)an unremunerative
pl/ Edlman adj. pragmatic
plEck n. quotient
plcMeNjkgcMnYny:ageRcIn healthy profit
plcMeNjktabEnm kgkMeNInmYykta
plitpl marginal benefit
plTun income
plTunkgRsuk domestic income (DI)
plTunCati national income
plTunCatisrub m> plitplCatisrub gross
national product (GNP), ~Bit real GNP
plTunCatisuT net national product
plb:HBal; impact, ~ xagesdkic
economic impact, ~ xagsgmkic social
impact
164
plb:HBal;bnab;bnSM trickle-down effect,
commodities
plitpl product, ExS ~ plitplRbhak;

RbEhlKamYyExS product line/range,
cMnYnmux ~ product breadth, Fun ~ kgExS
plitpl product depth, l,ay ~
plitplTaMgGs;Edldak;lk; rW pliteday
shRKasNamYy product mix
plitplkaksMNl; scrap product
plitplkg Rsuk domestic product, ~ srub
pss gross domestic product (GDP)
plitplCati national product, ~ srub
side effect
plbUk sum
plRbeyaCn_ interest, ~ cak;bs vested
interest
plRbeyaCn_esIKa equality benefit

plRbeyaCn_ktabEnm marginal utility
plrbr turn over, sales
plryeBlxI short-term payoff
plelIs)andl;plitkr producer surplus
plvi)ak bad consequence,
disadvantage, inconvenience
gross national product (GNP)
plsMerc end result

plGaCIvkm m> plrbr turnover
plitkm production, KNnI ~ production
accounts, cMNay ~ production cost,
ExSsgVak; ~ production line, RbBn ~
production system, kicsnaEbgEck ~
plitplbnab;bnSM by-product
plitplbrisanCati eco-national product
(ENP)
plitplRbNitfMefIg prestige product

plitplsgm social product
plitplsMerc final product/goods,
production-sharing contract (PSC), ~
finished products/goods
CIvRBwti subsistence production, ~ es,g

CalkNRKYsar family food production
plitkr producer
plitkgRsuk locally made
plitRTg;RTayFM/ kar mass production
plitenApH homemade
plitpl commodity, KNnI ~ commodity
accounts, ~ ksikmCamUldan basic
plitples,g food products/stuffs

plitPaB productivity, smaPaK ~
productive ratio, ~ nBlkm labour
productivity, ~ nTun capital productivity
plitPaB/ man adj. productive, RTBskm
~ productive assets
plitminRKb;RKan;/ kar underproduction

pss plitplkgRsuksrub GDP (gross
domestic product)
165
pakpakBiny/ R)ak; fine

pat;ecj v. deduct, kar ~ deduction
pakBiny/ kar fine
pat;rMls;/eRkay)an after deducting
pt;pg;rUbiyvt/ kar money supply

pt;pg;saFarN/ kar utilities
epak v. saturate
epJI v. dispatch
epJIRtLb;vij v. send back
epJITuk/ kar dak;TMnijeGayGkepSgkan;kab;
EtGkenaHBMuEmnCamas;kmsiTieT bailment
epJIeTAbuKlCaeRcIn/ Edl circular, bN\NTan
epJeI TARKb;saxa nFnaKarEdlecjva circular
depreciation
pasukPaB comfort
putkMNt;nkicsna/ kar expiration of a
contract
Epnkar n. plan, ~ vinieyaK investment

plan, GkeFVI ~ planner
Epnkar/ kareFVIksag planning
Epnkarkm m> eFVIEpnkar/ kar planning
EpnkareKal master plan
EpnkarcMNUlcMNaysac;R)ak; cash budget
EpnkarTukGnuvtCayfaehtu contingency
letter of credit
epJIeTARbmUlR)ak; v. send for collection

epJIR)ak; v. deposit money (in a bank),
bNsresr ~ deposit slip
epJIR)ak;/ Gk depositor
epJIR)ak;ecj/ kar remittance
epJIlk; sale or return (the retailer pays
plan
EpnkaryuTsaRssMrab;RTRTg;visyGb;rM
only for the sold goods and returns the

remaining to the wholesaler)
Education Sector Support Programme

(ESSP)
pl;CMnYy/ Gk donor
pl;Tun finance v.
pl;nigtMrUvkar/ kar offer and demand
pl;nUvkarR)ak; v. bear interest
pl;eyabl;/ Edl advisory, muxgarpl;
eyabl; advisory function
pl;rgVan;eGay v. award
pl;scabn/ kar ratification
pl;saeLIgvij \NTan v. roll over
Epnkarlk; tYelx sales target

EpnkarGPivDn_esdkic-sgmkic SocioEconomic Development programme
(SEDP)
EpnkarI n. planner
EppkTMnij loading/lading port
pt;pg;/ karsMPar supply, Gkpt;pg;
supplier
pt;pg;nigtMrUvkar/ kar supply and demand

166
pl;siTi v. give right, entitle

pl;siTiGMNac v. empower, mandate
pl;siTiGMNac/ kar empowerment
pl;eGay/ R)ak; endowment
pl;eGaymun/ R)ak; advance money
pl;ksarRbKl;TMnijenAeBlsgR)ak;
epr v. transfer, lixit ~ transfer deed, R)ak;

~ TUTat; transfer payments, kardak;fedIm,I ~
R)ak; transfer pricing, kar ~ transfer
epr kmsiTi/kar rW ksarepr conveyance,
lixiteprkmsiTiGclnRTB deed of
conveyance
epr R)ak;tamRbsnIy_/ kar mail transfer

epr eGayeK/ Gk transferor
eprkmsiTi/ lixit BIkUnbMNuleTAmas;bMNul
documents against payment (D/P)

pac;kar/ GMNacRbeTskan;rbb autarchy
pac;mux/ eFVI v. monopolise, PaBpac;mux

monopoly
deed of assignment
pac;mux/ GkEckcay sole distributor

pac;mux adj. f monopolistic (price)
epImmux adj. preliminary, karBiPakSa ~
eprkmsiTiGclnRTB/ lixit deed of

conveyance
eprkmsiTi/ kar transfer of ownership,

alienation, ~ dI land alienation
eprTunBIpSarmYyeTApSarmYyedIm,IeqtrkkMr/
kar arbitrage
epr)an/ Gac transferable, \NTan ~
preliminary discussion
epk adj. horizontal

epat v. focus
pM/ kar rW karpMGgpSM aggregation
pMcUlKa v. agglomerate
pcepImKMnit/ kar initiative
pal; rW edaypal; adj. direct
pal;/ GkemIlkarxusRtUv immediate
transferable credit
eprR)ak;edayTUrKmn_/ kar telegraphic/

cable transfer
eprR)ak;enAFnaKar/ kar bank transfer

eprBIyanmYyeTAyanmYy v. edIm,Idwkbn
supervisor
pal;xn personal, kareRbIR)as; ~ persoal

consumption, sMPareRbIR)as; ~ personal
effects, RTB ~ personal property
pal;mat; verbal, oral, kicRBmeRBog ~
tranship or transship
verbal agreement
epgKaeTAvijeTAmk cross check
eprsiTi/ lixit proxy

epreGay/ GkRtUv)aneK transferee
eprGMNac transfer power, delegate
power
167
epgpat;FnaKar/ kar bank reconciliation

pkg internal, svnkm ~ internal audit,
kickar ~ internal affairs
pk nig erITMnij/ kar loading and
Eppa/ Edlman fruitful

pSBVpSay c,ab;>>> v. publicise
pSBVpSay tamviT >>> v. broadcast
pSBVpSay lk;plitpl/ kar promotion
unloading of goods
(of a product)
pyKa/ PaB contradiction, contrast

pHkBak; greenhouse, bcy ~ greenhouse
effect, ]sn ~ greenhouse gas
pHsMEbg/ PaBKan homelessness
pHsMEbg xg;cMNay housing
pHsak;enA/ karpl; housing
pt;KMnit n. stereotype
Epk section, category
pakFug bin tag
pas;ecjedaydak;viny/ kar disciplinary
pSBVpSay/ kar dissemination

pSayBaNiCkm v. advertise, kar ~
advertisement, advertising, yuTnakar ~
transfer
pas;br/ kar change

pas;brBaNiCkm v. trade
pas;breLIgvij/ kar rW karerobcMeLIgvij
reconversion
pvkar/ Ca adj. official, formal, esckI

bBaak; ~ official confirmation
pvkar/ GkmnI n. official
pvcit/ katBVkic moral obligation
pvc,ab;/ tam de jure
pvTwk waterways
pveTAdl; road to, access road, access
advertising campaign
pSarkgRsuk domestic/home market

pSarxaMg TIpSarmanGkTijeRcIn strong
market
pSarexSay minsUvmanGkTij weak market

pSarggwt black market, f ~ black
market price
pSarTun capital market

pSarhun stock market, stock exchange
pSanwgGakasFatufI v. acclimate
epSg eQaHKNnIcMnay miscellaneous
pSHpSa v. conciliate, kar ~ conciliation
pSHpSaeLIgvij v. reconcile, kar ~
reconciliation
pak v. suspend, adjourn

pak/ kar suspension
pib/ KNnI blocked account
pwb rW bBab; rW bgk frozen, KNnI ~ frozen
account, RTB ~ rW RTBCab;kI frozen
assets
168
tax-collector
Bn/ Cab; adj. taxable, liable to tax, qaM ~

tax year or taxation year, cMNUl ~
taxable income, Gk ~ taxpayer
Bn/ minCab; non-taxable adj. cMNUl ~
B
BRgIk/ kar expansion
BRgwgkarGnuvtn_ v. enforce
BtmanRtLb; feedback
BtmanbEnm/ taragksar
non-taxable income
supplementary schedule
Bn CaBiessBnbEnm n. levy
Bn Biess BnKy/ GakrBiess duty
Bn n. tax, ~ elIR)ak;cMeNj tax on profit,
~ visamBa emergency tax, Pak;garkMNt; ~
tax assessor, karecosvag ~ edayc,ab;man
cenaHRbehag tax avoidance, karRbmUl ~
tax collection, \NTan ~ tax credit,
kareKc ~ elIsc,ab;nigRtUvmaneTasTN
tax evasion, elIkElg ~ adj. tax exempt,
karelIkElg ~ tax exemption, vism ~ rW
ryeBlrYc ~ tax holiday, cenaHRbehagn
~ tax loophole, kashUt ~ tax moments,
karbg; ~ tax payment, qaMbg; ~ tax
payment year, GRta ~ tax rate, karbny
~ tax rebate, cMNUl ~ tax revenues, tax
receipts, karkat;bny ~ tax reduction,
karbnrbny ~ tax relief, cMNat;kar ~ rW
RbRBwtikm ~ tax treatment, GkRbmUl ~
169
Bn/ yk rW hUtBn v. tax, impose tax

Bn Ky/ GakrBiess/ EdlRtUvbg;
dutiable/ TMnijRtUvbg;Bn dutiable goods
Bnkat;Tuk withholding tax, ~ RtUvbg;
withholding tax payable
BnKy customs duties (or dues)

BnKykat;sg duty drawback
BnCYlFnFan resource-rent tax (RRT)
Bndar tax, KNeny ~ tax accounting,
kMlaMgcMnUl ~ tax revenues efforts or tax
effort
Bndar/ lkNminTak;Tgnwg non-tax features

BnEtm stamp duty
BnnaMcUl import duty, tariff
BnbEnm surtax
Bn)ankMNt; assessed taxes
BnRbeyal indirect tax
Bnpal; direct tax
Bnpv road tax
BnRBlanynehaH airport tax
BnmnusS head tax
Bnem:Akar lump-sum tax

Bnyktamf ad valorem duty
BnykbEnmelITMnijnaMcUl surcharge
BnelIcMNUllk;)an sales tax
BnelIR)ak;cMNUl income tax
BnelIR)ak;cN
M lU buKl personal income tax
BnelIR)ak;cMeNjRkumhun corporation tax
(GB)
BnelIR)ak;cMeNjbEnm additional profit
labourer, ~ GENt ryeBlxI casual

labourer
Blrd citizen
Bhikar boycott
BhiRbevsn_ m> cMNakRsuk migration
BhuCati multinational, Rkumhun ~ multinational corporation
BhuPaKI multilateral, CMnYy ~ multilateral

assistance, kicRBmeRBog ~ multilateral
agreement
tax (APT)
Bhuvb,km polyculture
Bak;kNalTI1 nstvtSr_TI6 first half of
BnelIRTBbuKl capital levy

BnviPaKtamRbePTcMNUl schedular tax
BnGakr tax
BnP aB n. PaBdUcKa rW manTMnak;TMngCamYyKa
the 6th century
Bak;kNalsMerc/ plitpl semi-finished

product
affinity
Bnl;)an/ EdlminGac adj. inexplicable,

unaccountable
BnakMeNIt/ kar birth spacing

BnaeBl/ kar delay, pl; ~ v. grant a delay
BnaeGay)anyUr eFVIGVImYyedIm,IBnaeBl
RBwtuikarN_/ esckIsMerc>>> buy time
Benn v. accelerate
Blkm labour, kMlaMg ~ labour force,
~ GENt casual labour, ~ cUlshCIB
organised labour, ~ manCMnaj skilled
labour, ~ KanCMnaj unskilled labour
Blkr labourer, worker, ~ suIR)ak;f day
170
Bak;kNalsVyt semi-autonomous
Bak;Bn adj. concerned, relevant, RksYg ~
concerned ministry, sabn ~ relevant
institution
Bak;Bn v. involve
Bak;BncUlBak;Bn/ kar involvement
Bak;Bn/ Gk stakeholder
Bak;BncUl engage v.
Bakesak slogan
BaNiC commercial, FnaKar ~ commercial
bank
BaNiCkm commerce, trade, kicRBmeRBog

~ trade agreement, CBaIg ~ trade balance,
r)aMg ~ trade barriers, nPaB ~ trade

deficit, eQaH ~ trade name, tMNag ~ trade
representation, trade representative, sBaa
~ rW paksBaa ~ trademark, ~ qgkat;pal;
direct-transit trade, ~ lk;dMu wholesale
trade, ~ rUbI visible trade, ~ eRkARbeTs
foreign trade
BaNiCkm adj. commercial, shRKas ~

commercial enterprise
BaNiCkm adj. mercantile, kgnava ~

mercantile marine, RbeTs ~ mercantile
country
BaNiCkm/ kareFVI trading

BaNiCkmeRkARbeTs/ naykdan
Department of Overseas Trade
BaNiCkr trader, dealer, merchant

BaNiCPavUbnIykm commercialisation,
eFVI ~ v. commercialise
Ban;lan billion
BikarPaB disability
BicarNa/ kar consideration, kMBugBinit ~
under consideration
Bit real, GRtakarR)ak; ~ real rate of interest,

kar ~ reality
BiFIkar viFansMrab;BiFIepSg protocol
BiFIsar ksar protocol
Biny v. penalise
171
BinyCaR)ak; v. fine
BinysareBIBn/ kar fiscal fine
Binit v. examine
Binit nigsMerc/ edIm,I for review and
decision/approval
BinitKNnI v. check the accounts

BinitCaTUeTA/ kar overview
Binittamdan v. supervise, kar ~
supervision, Gk ~ supervisor
BiniteLIgvij v. review, kar ~ n. review
BinerxIy diagram, chart, graphic
BiBNna/ kar description
BiBNnakargar job description
BiBiFkm m> cMruHkm diversification
BiPakSaedjedal/ kar deliberation
BiPakSabMpusKMnit/ kar brainstorming
BiruTPaB guilt
BiruTikCn culprit
Biess/ rbs; speciality
BiesaF v. experiment
BiesaFn_ rW karBiesaFn_ n. experiment, eFVI ~
v. experiment
BiesaFnkm/ kardkBiesaFn_
experimentation
BieRKaHeyabl;/ kar consultation, RkumBieRKaH

eyabl; Consultative Group (CG)
BieRKaHeyabl;/ Gk consultant
BIeRkameLIgelI/ karGPivDn_ bottom-up

development
BIenHteTA hereafter
BImnu prior/ svnkm ~ prior auditing,
kicRBmeRBog ~ prior agreement
BImyY qaeM TAmYyqaM m> qaMelIqaM year on year
BIrdgkgmYyqaM biannual
BIrpv two-way
BwgEpkKaeTAvijeTAmk/ kar interdependence
BwgEpkelIxng/ kar self-reliance
BwgBak;)an/ PaBGac dependability
BukrlYy adj. corrupt, GMeBI ~ corruption
BUCsasn_niym racism
BYk group, category
BYk genus (of animals, plants)
eBjc,ab; legitimate
eBjlkNRtwmRtUv legitimate, min ~
Br/ kar suspension

Br/ KNnI caMkaredaHRsay pending accounts
RBm v. consent, karyl; ~ n. consent
RBmeRBog/ krNIKankar in the event of
disagreement
RBmeRBog/ kar agreement, accord

RBmeRBog/ kic agreement, ~ pal;mat;
verbal agreement, ~ CaeKalkarN_
agreement in principle
RBmeRBog/ f agreed price

RBmeRBog/ min v. disagree
RBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ kar deal
RBmeRBogCakBab;/ kar package deal
RBmeRBogCapvkar/ kar official agreement,
covenant
RBmeRBogCamYyKa v. agree together,

come into line
RBman/ kar warning, ~ pal;mat; verbal

warning
illegitimate
eBjelj/ TuneRbImin)an underemployed

capital
eBjvy adult, RbCaBlrd ~ adult citizen

eBjvy/ PaB maturity
eBl time, kMNat; ~ time segment
Btierk m> pyKa/ PaB contrast
BakrN_ forecast v. & n., kar ~ esdkic
economic forecast, ~ hirBavt financial
forecast
172
RBagTuk/ \t cMNay unforeseen

RBwtikarN_ event
RBwtiny rW RBwtny fait(s) accompli(s)
RBwtny/ tam de facto, karRKb;RKg ~ de
facto management
RBwtibRt bulletin
RBwtibRtBtman newsletter
RBwTikm illegal interest, usury
RBwTikr GkykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu usurer
RBYy)arm/ kar n. concern

RBkarBar/ tMbn; protected forest areas
RBKub coupe-forest, felling area
RBeQI forest, RBeQI GaceFVIGaCIvkm)an
Pstag proof, evidence, ~ TTYlyk)an

admissible evidence
PstagekA smoking gun

PsPar logistics
PaKkm (equity) participation, stake,
operable forest
RBeQI/ karkab; deforestation

RBlicTwk flooded forest
RBsm,Tan forest concession
RBMEdnKy customs frontier
RBMEdnnkarTTYlxusRtUv limit of liability
RBHraCGaCJa prosecutor
sharing
PaKeRcIn majority
PaKeRcIndac;xat/ sMelg e)aHeqat
absolute majority vote
PaKeRcInedayeFob/ sMelg )ansMelgeRcInCag

ebkCnmak;eTot relative majority vote
PaKtic minority
PaKTunki capital contributor, shareholder,
~ man\TiBl influencial shareholder
PaKEbg denominator (fraction)
PaKyk numerator (fraction)
PaKry percentage
PaKlaP dividend
PaKhun/ Gkman stakeholder
PaKhunEdlTTYlPaKlaPeRkayeK deferred
P
PNaKar department store
PNaKar m> XaMg warehouse
Ptik m> GkCYlBIeK renter
Ptikar wage-earner
PtibtI m> GkCYleGayeK person who
rents out sth
Ptisna n. lease (with a contract)

PnRcLM/ kar confusion, aberration
PnRcLM/ gay confusing
PBVnCMerIs chance of selection
PyepIl/ kar panic, ~ xaghirBavt
share
PaKhunEdlmantMlenApSarhunesIKanwgtMl
cuHelIsnwkbNPaKhun share at par
PaKhunRtYtRta/ mancMENk to have a
controlling interest (have more than
50% of total share of a company)
PaKhunsamBa common stock, equities

PaK\NTanxagelI upper credit tranche
financial panic
PvnIyPaB probability
173
PaKI nkicsna party (to the contract)

PaKIcuHkicsna contracting party
PaKITTYlsar\NTan accredited party
PaKITIbI third party
Parkic duty, Cab; ~ duty bound
Parkic task, epatelI ~ task-oriented
PUKBsaRs geology
PUtKamsaRs karsikSaBIrukCati botany
PUtKamGnamy phytosanitary
PUmiviTaesdkic economic geography
ePaK possession
ePaCnIydanGaharrhs fast-food restaurant
ePaCPN m> mbGahar food items
Pab;katBVkic binding
Pak;gar agent
Pak;garTTYlkMreCIgsar commission agent
Pak;garnavacr shipping agent
Pak;garrksuCI lY lk; GclnRTB estate agent
Pam adj. prompt, karRbKl; ~ prompt
delivery, karTUTat; ~ immediate/prompt
centralised record, esdkic mCkar
RbmUlpM centralised economy

mCdan milieu
mCdanGkKaMRT constituency
mCtkm arbitrage, KNkmkar ~
arbitration committee
mCtkr arbiter
mCtkr xagBaNiCkm arbitrator
mCtkar/ eFVI v. arbitrate
mCtvinicy arbitration
mCnikCn n. moderate
mCmNlbNHbNal viCaCIvrW ]bnisSy
vocational training centre
mCwm central, rd)al ~ central

administration
mNlkMsan entertainment centre

mNle)aHeqat constituency
mti opinion, karsg; ~ opinion poll
mtipaMepJI recommendation
mtnkm m> eRCIs/ kar selection
mtb,maN m> GRtamrN
payment
mortality/death rate
annual growth rate
mFm average, tMlfedIm ~ average

cost, GRtakMeNIn ~ RbcaMqaM average
mFm TMhM/ KuNPaB>>> medium (size,
mcvb,km pisciculture
mCkar centralisation, kMNt;Rta ~
grade...)
mFm siti mean, ~ nBVn arithmetic

174
mean, ~ FrNImaRt geometric mean
mFmPaK average, mean, ~ smta

weighted average
mFmsikSaTutiyPUmi/ sBaabRt
baccalaureate (degree)
meFa)ay means, ~ dwkCBan means of

transport, ~ plitkm means of
production
mnsikar conscience, Edlman ~

conscientious
mnusSCati humanity
mnusSFm n. & adj. 1. humanity
2. humanitarian, Ggkar ~ humanitarian
organisation
mnusSniym humanism
mnusSsaRs anthropology
menaKmviCa ideology
mnI officer
mnIRkbxN civil servant, government
mrNPaB/ R)ak;bMNac; death in service benefit

mrNPaB/ sMbuRt death certificate
mrtk heritage, inheritance
mrtksasn_ testament, will
mhnrayenAsmuRT casualty at sea
mhnraybgedaymnusS man-made disaster
mhavinas cataclysm
mhasni)at general meeting
mhaGnutMbn;emKg Greater Mekong Sub-region
mhicta rW karR)afadelIslub ambition
m:ak TMnij brand
m:aRkU macro-, m:aRkUesdkic macroeconomics
m:aXItTIgkarrkTIpSar marketing
m:aCInrwm margin, m:aCInUbnIykm
marginalisation
m:aCinkMrit nR)ak;cMeNjsuT net profit

margin (NPM)
m:al;Tusniym Malthusianism
m:asuInebIkR)ak;sVyRbvti
cadre
mnIcuHbBaI Gkkan;kab;bBaI registrar

mnIe)aHeqat electoral official
mnIraCkar public servant, ~ sIuvil civil
ATM (automatic teller machine)
mat;Rck n. gateway, ~ TUrKmnaKmn_GnrCati

international communication gateway
matika content
matika fvika line item (budget)
matuPUminivtn_ repatriation
maRtdan scale (of map), esdkic ~
servant
mnIesuIbGegtBIkartv:a cMeBaHsabnrd b
GgkarFM ombudsman
mmajwk/ em:ag rush hour
mmal rW karmmal hallucination
economies of scale
175
maRta article, provision (law)

mankalkMNt; enAGnaKt forward,
karRbKl; ~ forward delivery, flk; ~
minTan;sresr blank (paper)

minR)akd/ PaB uncertainty, incertitude
minpas;br/ PaB consistency
minEmnksikm/ kargar non-agricultural or
forward price
mankUn/ PaB fertility, GRtamankUn fertility
non-farm employment
minerobry/ visy informal sector

minlMeGog/ PaB impartiality
minl adj. adverse
minsmRsb inappropriate, unsuitable,
CMnYy ~ inappropriate aid
minsuT/ PaB impurity
minesIKa adj. inequal
minGacsgbMNul)an/ PaB insolvency
minGMeNaypl adj. unfavourable,
adverse, kta ~ adverse factor
misSPaK m> sKsaj complex, misSPaB
rate
manexaH/ PaB imperfection

manCMgWeFVIeGaysab;/ PaB morbidity
mantMlGnuvt binding
maneTAmanmk/ PaB reciprocity
manvKmanesI/ skmPaBesdkic concerted
economic action
manRsab;/ Edl existing, rcnasm<n ~

existing structure
mabnkm m> begIt/ kar creation,

establishment
micaelx m> elg/ elxelg error

mincuHsMrug/ PaB incompatibility
mincUlCaRkumhun un-incorporated
mincUlbkSsm<n/ clna non-aligned
complexity
movement
minCak;lak; indefinite, non-specific

minTTYlRBm/ kar default of acceptance
minTak;Tg/ Edl irrelevant
minTan;qgKy/ TMnij uncleared goods
minTan;edaHRsay vivaT unsettled (dispute)
minTan;rk)an/ kMr unearned fees
minTan;sg bMNul unsettled (debt)
176
mIRkUCIv micro biology

mIRkUesdkic microeconomics
mIRkUhirBavt micro-finance
mIRkU\NTan micro-credit
mux TMnij item
muxgar function
muxCMnYjFnaKar banking
muxTMnijkgXaMg stock lines
muxrbr occupation
muxviCaFnaKar banking
muFaPaBnBnGakr m> elIkElgBn/ kar tax
exemption
mun pre-, ~ vibti pre-crisis

mun preceding, qaM ~ preceding year
m:Ud fashion, mode
m:UDIl module
m:Um:g; momentum
m:Uypt;pg;CaRbcaM usual supplier
mUldan local, GaCJaFr ~ local authority
mUldan/ Kan adj. unfounded
mUldan/ Ca basic, kicRBmeRBog ~ basic
agreement, karRsavRCav ~ basic research
mUldan/ plitpl staple product
mUldanRKwH foundation
mUldanTinny database
mUlFn capital, ~ Edl)anGnuBaat authorised
capital, ~ pwb frozen capital, ~ Edl)anbg;
paid in capital
mUlFnkm/ eFVI v. capitalise

mUlFnniym capitalism
mUlFn)ancuHeQaH subscribed capital
mUlFn)ancuHbBaI Capvkar registered
mUlFnpwb rW mUlFnbBab; frozen capital

mUlFnPavUnIykm capitalisation
mUlFnminTan;ehA [bg; uncalled capital
mUlFnik capitalist
mUlniFi foundation
mUlniFi fund, RbBnKNeny ~ fund
accounting systems, TIPak;garpl; ~
funding agency, lMhUr ~ fund flow,
smtul ~ fund balance
mUlniFidak;snSMbMrug sinking fund
mUlniFibeBaI fund held in trust
mUlniFibdiPaK counterpart fund
mUlniFibMrug reserve fund
mUlniFipM block fund
mUlniFipal;suT RTBskmKittamtMlBitelI
TIpSar ehIydkbMNulcrn net worth
mUlniFiBaNiCkm n. goodwill
mUlniFimrtk mUlniFiRKb;RKgedayRbtisiTiCn
sMrab;GtKahk trust fund
mUlniFirUbiyvtGnrCati International
Monetary Fund (IMF)
mUlniFsi rM ab;cnM aybnci bnc petty-cash fund

mUlbRt securities, pSar ~ securities market
mUlb,TanbN cheque card
mUlb,TanbRt cheque, ~ KanR)ak;kgKNnI
KanR)ak; dishonoured/bouncing/dud/
capital
mUlFn)anbg;CMrH paid-up capital

mUlFn)anehA )anbg;cUlRkumhunehIy
called-up capital
177
rubber cheque, ~ cMh blank cheque,

~ qUt crossed cheque, esovePA ~ cheque
book, ~ KanqUt uncrossed cheque, ~ qUt
Biess cheque crossed specially, ~ Kan

eQaH bearer cheque or cheque to bearer,
~ eTscrN_ travellers cheque, ~ minTan;
dak;cUlKNnIFnaKar unbanked cheque
mUlb,TanbRt r:ab;rgedayFnaKarFanacMnay
emFavI lawyer, barrister (British)

em:Akar/ Gk contractor
em:Akarbn v. subcontract, Gk ~ subcontractor
emaX void, null and void, eFVI[eTACa ~

v. nullify
emaX/ cat;TukCa v. invalidate
emaXkm annulment, nullification
emaXPaB nullity
mas; owner, ~ dI land owner
mas;/ PaBCa ownership
mas;kmsiTi owner
mas;kmsiTirYmKa co-owner,
certified cheque
mUlmti/ kar consensus

mUlvicarN_ appreciation
mYyPaKbYn quarter, ~ TI2nstvtSr_TI7 2nd
quarter of 7th century
emIlxusRtUvelI/ kar oversight

emIleXIj/ Gac adj. visible
emIlgay/ kar contempt
emIlmineXIj adj. invisible, BaNiCkm ~
co-proprietor, joint owner
mas;kar/ PaB self-reliance

mas;karxaghirBavt/ PaB financial selfsufficiency
mas;KNnIcrn current-account holder

mas;dIpH EdlCYleGayeK landlord
mas;bMNul creditor
mas;bMNulGuIb:UEtk mortgagee
mas;hag tUc storekeeper,
invisible trade
emIlrMlg overlook
em/ Rkumhun parent company
em/ fvika master budget
emkar foreman
emekIy patron
emRkum Cag/ kmkr foreman
emxl; popular leader
emKuN multiplier
emKuNbMErbMrYl coefficient of variation
shopkeeper
mgehIymgeTot recurrent, cMNay ~

recurrent expenditure
mbGahar food, snsSn_f ~ food price

index
178
y
ykkMBs;/ kar grandstanding
ykKMrUtag v. sample
ykKMrtU ag/ kar sampling, ~ KanRsTab;
unstratified sampling, ~ eRcIndMNak; multistage sampling, ~ tamkEng spacial
sampling, ~ tamkUta quota sampling,
~ tameKaledA purposive sampling, ~ elIs
over-sampling, ~ saCafI resampling
ykKMrtU agCaRbBn/ kar systematic sampling,
~ vil circular systematic sampling
ykcUl bring in (assets as investment)
ykecjmk/ kar Er: extraction
yktamfTMnij/ fdwkCBan ad valorem
freight
ykmkKit take into account

ykvijnUv/ kar sMviFanFn>>>kgbBaIKNeny
write-back (of provisions...)
yfaRkm/ Ca m> CaRbBn systematic

yfaTsSn_ perspective
yfaRbePT specification
yfapl adj. extensive, ksikm ~
ynkm/ yntUbnIykm mechanisation

ynkar mechanism, ~ sVyEktMrUv selfregulating mechanism, ~ TUTat; payment
mechanism
ynehaHCYldwkBiess eCIgehaHehIrmin
eTogTat; charter plane
ynehaHCMnYj commercial aircraft
yl;eXIj/ kar view
yl; RcLMxus/ kar misunderstanding
yl;dwgtameRkay RBwtikarN_/ kar
hindsight
yl;dwgmun/ kar foresight

yl;dwgl/ kar good understanding
yl;)an/ Edl intelligible
yl;RBm/ kar approval, agreement
yl;Rsb/ min v. disagree
yan vehicle, ~ yn motor vehicle
yIeha brand name
yWt/ PaB elasticity, ~ nkarpt;pg; nig
tMrUvkar elasticity of supply and demand
yWty:av/ kar delay, karRbKl;yWty:av delay
in delivery
yWty:avkgkarsgbMNul to be in arrears
yutikm/ eFVI v. justify, kar ~ KMerag
extensive agriculture
yfaPaB 1. authenticity 2. contingency

yfaPUt/ lixit authentic deed/act
yfaehtu eventuality
justification of a project
yutiFm rW edayyutiFm fair

yutiFm/ min unfair
179
yutiFmsgm social justice

yutaFikar jurisdiction
yuTnakar campaign, ~ lk;dUr sales
rksMKal; v. identify, ebskkm ~

identification mission
campaign
yuTP N
ordnance, ~ minTan;pH unexploded
ordnances
yuTviFIGaCIvkm business tactics

yuTs aRs strategy, ~ ctuekaN rectangular
strategy, Gk ~ rW ~ viTU strategist
yuTsaRs/ Ca strategic, tMrUvkar ~ strategic needs
yuTsaRsCatikat;bnyPaBRkIRk National
rkSa/ kar conservation

rkSaTuk/ kar keeping, custody
rkSaTuk/ R)ak;cMeNj retained earnings
rkSaTukkgdttIyCn/ Edl in escrow
rkSaTukenAXaMgKy/ TMnij goods (held) in
bond
rkSaTukbuKlik/ kar kMueGayeKecjBIGgPaB

retention of staff
rkSasiTi copyright
rgVan; n. reward, award, ~ mkBIeRkA
extrinsic reward, pl; ~ v. reward
rgVas; measuring tools, measure
rcnatak;Etg v. design, kar ~ n. design
rcnasm<n structure, ~ cat;taMg
organisational structure, ~ nItibBati
legislative structure, ~ sabnFnaKar
Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS)
yuTsaRspSBVpSay lk;plitpl
promotional strategy
yuvvy/ RsTab; young people

eynDr gender
eyageTA carried forward (accounting)
eyagmk brought forward (accounting)
eyaFPUmiPaK military region
eyaFa kgTB military
eyaFin mnusS soldier, military
eyabl; opinion
structure of banking institutions
rcnasm<nRKYsarsl BukmaynigkUn
nuclear-family structure
rcstVBBYkstV fauna
rCeTycMNUl excise tax revenues
rdUv season, tam ~ seasonal
rdUvkal/ tam rW manlkNrdUvkal adj.
r
rkeXIj/ kar finding
rkemIlTMnij f/ KuNPaB>>>edIm,ITij shop
seasonal
rdUvsb;skmPaB ]> rdUvlk;TMnijminsUvdac;
around
dead season
180
rdEdlKitKUreRcInBIkargarsgmkic welfare
rbs;)anBIkarRbmUl BIGKIPy/ navalic>>>
state
salvage
rdFmnuBa constitution
rd)al administration, cMNay ~
administrative expenses, GgPaBesdkic
rbs;Gt;RbeyaCn_ useless thing, junk

rbs;eGtcay scraps, junk
r)ab; karrab; census
r)ay n. distribution, ~ KMrUtag distribution
of sample, ~ vismFn unequal wealth
~ administrative-economic entity
rd)alsaFarN public administration

rdpac;mux national monopoly
rdshRKin corporate state
rdGMNac m> GaCJaFr authority
rdaPi)almas;pH host government
rdaPi)alsMrab;RKb;RKgbeNaHGasn
distribution
r)aykarN_ report, statement, account, ~

KNnI statement of account, ~ RbcaM Ex
qaM monthly/annual report, ~ Tijlk;TMnij
account purchases/sales, ~ FnaKar bank
statement, ~ erITMnij cargo outturn
report, ~ sIBIRbeTs country report
rbYs n. pvkay rW pvcit trauma
rebog corridor, ~ esdkic economic
caretaker government
rtnvt 1. jewels, jewelry, precious

stones 2. cash, liquid assets
rtnakr n. treasurer
rtnaKar treasury, bN ~ treasury bill
corridor
(short term: less than one year) or

treasury bond (long term)
rebob mode
rebobcuHbBaIkPaK single entry
rtnaKarCati State Treasury

rt;Bn v. smuggle, kar ~ smuggling, Gk
(accounting)
rebobrbbminl malpractice
rebobrs;enA lifestyle
rebobvar agenda
r)aMg barrier, ~ BnKy customs/tariff
barrier, ~ minEmnBnKy non-tariff
barriers ( NTBs), dkr)aMgBaNiCkm lift
~ smuggler
rt;Bn/ TMnij smuggled goods,

contraband
rbkKMehIj finding
rbb regime, ~ hirBavt financial regime
rbs;xUcKuNPaB spoilage
rbs;Fana surety
trade barrier
181
rmNIydan resort, kEng ~ rW mNlkMsan
loan
rab;bBal v. include, kar ~ inclusion,

Edl ~ adj. inclusive
raymuxTMnij/ kar description of goods
rIkcMerIn/ kar advancement
rIkduHdaly:agrhs boom, visykMBug ~
ryeBlRtUvsgkMcIvij payback period

ryeBlRbmUlbMNulCamFm average
spreading, escalation
resort site
ryeBl period, ~ RbmUlTun)anvij rW ~

Rsg;edIm payback period
ryeBlxI short term, kMcI ~ short term
booming sector
rIkraldal/ kar TMnas; spread,

rIksay/ kar cMnYn proliferation
rwgkMRBws/ PaB inflexibility
rwtt,itcMNay v. squeeze expenditure
rwbGUs ykRTB v. confiscate, seize,
kar ~ seizure
rwbGUskmsiTiGclnvtdak;Fana foreclose a
collection period (ACP)
ryeBlmFm medium-term, kMcI ~

medium-term loan
ryeBlEvg long-term, bMNul ~ longterm liabilities
rlUn adj. smooth, dMeNIrkar ~ smooth

operation
rlUn/ PaB coherence

rlUnKa/ Edl harmonised
rlM v. founder
rs;)an/ PaBGac viability, survivability,
~ xaghirBavt financial survivability
rs;revIk lively, TIpSarmanskmPaB ~ lively
mortgage v.
rwbGUsCasm,tird/ RtUv)an forfeited to the

government
rWLaTIvIetPaBGacERbRbYl relativity
rukrk/ kar exploration, ~ eRbgkat oil
exploration
rukCati plant, flora

rukvb,km silviculture
ruksaRs forestry
ruaMr: chronic, PaBGt;kargareFVIraMur: chronic
market
rs;revIk/ PaBmin inflexibility

resIb/ bBaa sensitive issue
resIb/ PaB sensitivity
rehadanIykm desertification
ragcal/ krNImin case of recidivism
raCkic esovePA Official Gazette
unemployment
rUb TMnij brand

rUbFatu/ KNeny physical accounts
rUbPaBTUeTA profile (i.e of a company)
182
rUbvn physical, ehdarcnasm<n ~ physical
rUbiyvtniym monetarism
rUbiyvtnIykm monetarisation, ~ nnPaB
infrastructure
rUbvivtn_ n. mutation
rUbsBaa logo
rUbiybdiePaK m> cMNarxg
rUbiybdiePaKI m> carxgksar/ Gk
rUbiybN foreign exchange
rUbiybNxaMg hard currency
rUbiymaRta legal tender
rUbiyvt currency, ~xaMg hard currency,
~ exSay soft currency
rUbiyvt money, ~ cracr money in
circulation, esdkic ~ money economy,
pSar ~ money market, ~ elIstulPaB
monetary overhang, TMnukcitelI ~
monetary confidence, neya)ay ~
monetarisation of the deficit
rUbiyvt nkicsna currency of the contract

rUbiyvtbreTs foreign currency
rUbiyvtepSg quasi-money
rUbiyvtminGacbr ykrUbiyvtdT)an
inconvertible currency
rUbiyvtykmkKitKUr currency of account

rUbiyvtGacbrykrUbiyvtepSg)an
convertible currency
rUbiyaNti bill/letter of exchange

rUbiyaNtiFnaKar lixitbBaaeGayFnaKar
ebIkR)ak; bank draft
rUbiyaNtikMNt;ryeBlxI short bill
rUbiyaNtiEdlRtUv)anbdiesF dishonoured
bill of exchange
rUbiyaNtibgaj sight bill (payable at
monetary policy
rUbiyvt rW R)ak;Rkdas fiduciary currency

rUbiyvt M1 money M1
rUbiyvtmUlniFi Gacpl;eGay)anPam
sight)
rUbI adj. tangible/ RTBskm ~ rW RTB ~

tangible assets
money (or funds) at call
rUbiyvtTijlk;)anedayesrI rdKandak;kMhit
RtYtRta free currency
rUbiyvtTUTat; payment currency, account
currency
rUbiyvtTUeTA (M2) total liquidity (M2)

rUbiyvtTaMgGs; monetary aggregate
183
rYceTas/ PaB impunity

rYcBn/ Edl duty-free, TMnijrYcBn duty free
goods
rYcBn/ eGay v. waive tax

rYbrYmKa adj. united
rYbrYmKa/ kar cohesion
rYm adj. collective, ksidan ~ collective
farm, kmsiTi ~ collective ownership
Er:cMraj; mineral concentrate

rGgas v. raise, ~ mUlniFi raise fund
rGgasmUlniFi/ kar fund raising
eraKvinicy n. diagnosis
eraKsBa symptom
eragcRk factory, plant
eragCag workshop
rMkil/ Epnkar rolling plan
rMjr vibration
rMxan/ kar disturbance, ~ edaysMelg
rYmKa karTTYlxusRtUv joint, karTTYl

xusRtUv ~ nigerogxn joint and several
liability
rYmKaCaFgmYy unified as one

rYmcMENk v. participate
rYmEtmYy unified
rYmviPaKTan v. contribute
rYmsM)ac;/ kar cohesion
erITMnij/ kar unloading of goods
erIb/ kar esdkic recovery (economy)
erIseGIg/ kar discrimination, ~
kgkarkMNt;f price discrimination
erIseGIg/ Edlmin non-discriminatory
erOgkI lawsuit
erobcMtamlMdab; ksar v. collate
erobcMtMelIg/ kar installation, cMNay
pMtMelIg installation cost
erobcMeLIgvij/ kar reorganisation
erobcMeLIgvij/ kMcI)an BnaeBlsg
noise disturbance
rMBwgTuk rW Edl ~ expected, R)ak;cMeNj ~

expected profit,
eBlevla ~ expected time
rMBwgTuk/ karFak;cuHmin unexpected fall

rMBwgsmehtupl/ kar rational expectation
rMePIbcit/ bMNgTijeday emotional buying
motive
rMls; depreciation
rMls;fyCalMdab;/ viFI declining balance
method of depreciation
rMls;bgM/ viFIKit accelerated depreciation
restructured loan
erobtamlMdab; v. sort
erobry formal, visy ~ formal sector
erobrab;dUcxageRkam/ man undermentioned
erxUbnIykm digitalised, esdkic ~
digitalised economy
Er:/ karyk rW GaCIvkmEr: mining
method
rMls;bMNul n. amortisation of a debt

rMls;mUlFn capital amortisation
rMls;esPI aK/ viFI straight-line depreciation
method
rMlay/ kar Rkumhun dissolution, liquidation,

winding-up
184
rMlaybBalKa/ kar RkumhunBIr rW eRcIn merger

rMlwk/ lixit ]> eGaymkbg;Bn reminder
letter
rMElkGMNac v. delegate power

rMelaP c,ab;>> v. violate
rMelaPykdI/ kar land encroachment
rMelaPsiTiCakCn/ kar invasion of privacy
rMelaPesckITukcit/ kar abuse of fiduciary
rMsay v. kgTB demobilise
raMgxb;\TiBl v. counterbalance
raMgsH/ PaB bottleneck
l
lk; v. sell, ~ xat sell at a loss, ~ edjf
sell at auction, ~ eCO sell on credit
lk; rW sMrab;lk; BaksresrelIpakRbkas
lk;eCO/ kar sale on credit, credit sale

lk;dac;tamkicsnaRtwmRtUv/ kar firm sale
lk;dac;bMput/ esovePA best seller
lk;dMu/ kar wholesale, flk;dMu wholesale
price
lk;dMu/ Gk wholesaler
lk;)anf elIsFmta/ Edl at a premium
lk;efakCag v. undercut (somebodys
price), undersell
lk;bgcf/ kar dumping, BnTb;Tl;nwg ~

dumping duty
lk;plitplelITIpSar v. market a product

lk;minecj/ Edl unmarketable
lk;ykCasac;R)ak;/ kar cash sale
lk;ykR)ak;Pam/ kar cash down sale (can
be paid in cash or cheque but not
credit card)
lk;y:aggay/ Gac marketable

lk;ray v. sell retail
lk;ray/ GaCIvkmBaNiCkm retail-trade
for sale
lk;Tij edayTUTat;sgbNak;/ kar

instalment sales credit or instalment
plan buying
business
lk;/ kar sale

lk;/ Gk seller, vendor
lk;eRkamtMl edIm v. sell below cost,
lk;ray/ Gk retailer
lk;elITIpSar v. market
lk;LayLgbegIysk/ kar clearance sale
lk;LayLgmuneFVIsareBIPN/ kar edIm,I[
RsLHXaMg stocktaking sale
lk;eGaysgbNak;/ kar sale on
undersell
lk;eRkayeBlkSyFn/ RbmUl v. sell up

lk;cuHftamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ kar cash
discount
185
lkNTUeTA/ kareFVI[man generalisation

lkNvinicy criteria, criterion
lkNsm,ti qualification
lkNsMKal; feature
lknik charter, statute, articles of
instalment plan
lkxN
clause, ~ nkicsna clause of a

contract
lkxN condition, ~ eFVIkargar working

condition, ~ begItkatBVkic condition
precedent, ~ bBab;katBVkic condition
association (UK), by-laws (US)
subsequent
lkxN terms, ~ FUrRsal easy terms,

~ nkicsna terms of a contract, ~ TUTat;
terms of payment, ~ eyag sMrab;epgpat;
terms of reference, ~ lk; terms of sale
lkxN/ PaBman conditionality
lkxN/ edayman conditional, karTTYl
RBm ~ conditional acceptance
lkxNxanmin)an sine qua non condition
lkxNtwgEtg harsh conditions
lkxNTUTat;gayRsYl easy terms of
lTkm acquisition, procurement, eFVI ~

v. acquire
payment
lTPaBeTAdl; rW pveTAdl; access

lTPaBeFVIdMeNIrtamsmuRT seaworthiness
lTPaB)aneRbIR)as; access
lTPaBsgbMNul solvency
lTiRbCaFibetyesrIBhubkS liberal
lkxNFmCati natural condition

lkxNmantaMgBImun pre-existing
condition
lkxNsgGnueRKaH soft repayment terms

lkxNesdkic economic conditions
lkxNGnueRKaHbMputEpkBaNiCkm Most
Favoured Nation (MFN) clause
lTkmBl m> GMNacTij purchasing

power
lTpl result, outcome, performance

lTpl/ karKan non-performance
lTpl/ EdlKitBI adj. pragmatic
lTplkargar/ kareFVIcMNat;fak;
performance rating
lTplrkeXIj finding
lTPaB/ Edlx<s;hYs prohibitive (i.e
price or value)
democracy and pluralism or liberal

multi-party democracy
lubbMNul ecjBIbBaI v. write off a debt

lak;elom v. conceal, karlak;elom
lkxN\NTan credit terms

lkxNGnueRKaHbMputEpkBaNiCkm MFN
concealment
(Most Favoured Nation clause)

186
lagluykxVk;/ kar money laundering

lanlan/ mYy one trillion
laPkar remuneration, pl; ~ v. remunerate
lay combine
laycMruHKa heterogeneous
laylkN_GkSr/ Ca written, in writing
laElgBItMENg/ kar resignation
lixit letter, note, ~ ecj outgoing letter,
~ CUndMNwg advice note, ~ bBanTMnij
dispatch note, ~ \NTan \NBn
credit/debit note
lixitKaMRTRKwHsansaxa kgkarrkxIR)ak;
letter of comfort
lixitqgEdn passport
lixiteqIyqgGaCIvkm business
correspondence
lixitCUndMNwgkarRbmUlR)ak;
lixitTarR)ak; debt-collection letter

lixitbTdan m> bTbBaa regulations
lixitbBaak;eKalbMNg letter of intent
lixitbBaak;faKaneTas letter of nonconviction
lixitbBanTMnij shipping note

lixitebIkpv laissez-passer
lixitbMNul debenture
lixitbrykR)ak; eBlbgajFnaKar
demand bill/draft
lixitRbkas declaration, return, ~ sareBI

Bn tax declaration/return, ~ sareBIBn
EdlKanbMNulBnRtUvbg; nil return
lixitRbKl;TMnij eGayeTAGtifiCnCamYyKa
nwgTMnij delivery note
lixiteprsiTi rW lixitRbKl;siTi letter/power
/warrant of attorney
collection advice
lixitCUndMNwgbBan TMnij dispatch/shipment/

forwarding advice
lixiteCOTukcit trust letter

lixitefaleTas rbs;tulakar judicial
lixitpas;br m> rUbiyaNti bill of exchange

lixitsYrBtman letter of inquiry
lixitGnuBaat certificate/letter of
approval
lixitebskkm mission letter

lixitGnuBaat permit, licence, ~ sagsg;
building permit, ~ naMecjnaMcUl
export/import permit, ~ eGayeFIVkar
sMrab;CnbreTs work permit
lixitGnuBaatBITIcat;karKy customs permit
records
lixitefaleTas rbs;b:UlIs copy of the

police record
lixitEfgsca GHGagscPaBcMeBaHmuxc,ab;
affidavit
lixitTTYlCMBak; IOU (I owe you)

187
lixitGmksar covering letter (GB),

cover letter (US)
lixit\NTan letter of credit, ~ Edl)an

TTYlsal; acceptance letter of credit
lixit]eTsnam GktMNag designation
letter
lixitUbkrN_cUlCaPaKI instrument of
accession
lixitUbkrN_nkarpl;scabn instrument of
ratification
lixitUbkrN_sMrab;Kahk bearer instrument/

paper
licTwk adj. inundated, RB ~ inundated

forest
lukluy/kar invasion
lubecal v. abolish
lubecal v. cancel, ~ karbBaaTij cancel/
withdraw an order, karlubecal cancellation
lubecalkicsna rescind v. a contract
lubvij)an/ sar\NTanGac revocable
letter of credit
luy money, karlagluykxVk; money

laundering
luyekA
hot money (money moving

from one country to another to get
best interests...)
luyRkdas paper money

lUtlas;/ kar growth, development
lYc\v:an;kghag/ kar shoplifting
elIkdak; TMnij/ kar handling (goods)

elIkdak;TMnijecjcUlk)a:l/; kar stevedoring
elIkTwkcit/ kar encouragement
elIkTwkcit/ eRKgkar incentive,
~ vinieyaK investment incentive
elIkTwkcit/ R)ak; incentive bonus
elIkElg/ kar exemption, waiver, ~ Bn
tax exemption
elIkElgeTas/ kar amnesty

elIkvarkal v. adjourn
elIksy/ kar enhancement
elIs v. exceed
elIs adj. excess, GIv:an; ~ TMgn; CiHynehaH
excess luggage
elIs tMrUvkarplit/ smtPaB ~

overcapacity, excess capacity
elIslb;/ PaKeRcIn overwhelming majority

elx/ karecH numeracy
elxna entry (accounting), ~ biTbBaI
closing entries, ~ pM compound entry,
~ samBa simple entry
elxnabRBaas rW elxnabdiPaK edIm,IlubecalnUv
elxnamun contra entry, counterpart entry
elxsMKal;pal;xn Personal Identification
Number (PIN)
elxharI messenger
elxGtsBaaNbuKl Personal
188
lMhUrecj outflow
lMhUrelOnecjmUlFn flight of capital
lMhUrsac;R)ak; cash flow, r)aykarN_ ~
cash flow statement, karviPaK ~ cash flow
analysis, ~ viCman positive cash flow
lMGit adj. detailed, bTbBaa ~ detailed
Identification Number (PIN)
elxaFikar secretary, GK ~ secretary

general, rd ~ secretary of state
elxaFikardan secretariat
elgEl,gTijdUrsnwkhun gamble on the
stock exchange
lEck v. allocate, FnFanEdl)an ~
instruction
allocated resources
lMeGog bias, \t ~ unbiased, ~ kgcMelIy

response bias, ~ nkar)a:n;san estimation
bias, ~ ykKMrUtag sampling bias
lMeGog/ PaB kgkarCYyKaMRT partiality
lMeGog/ min impartial
lHbg; siTi/ kartv:a>>> give up or waive
lEck/ kar allocation, ~ KMrUtag sample

allocation, ~ smamaRt proportional
allocation
lTuk edayELk v. earmark

elakniti civics
lMdab; order, ~ esdkicGnrCatifI new
international economic order (NIEO)
lMdab;fEx/ tam chronological order

lMnwg equilibrium, f ~ equilibrium price
lMnwg/ PaBKan disequilibrium
lMenA domicile, ~ edIm domicile of origin,
man ~ pvkarenAkm<Ca domiciled in Cambodia
lMnaM pattern, ~ vilpas;brKa patern of
rotation, ~ esdkic economic pattern
lM)ak difficult, hard
lMhUr flow
lMhUrKMhukcUl influx
lMhUrcUl inflow, ~ BIbreTs CMnYy/
rUbiybN>>> foreign inflows
189
(right, claim...)
lHbg;siT/ kar waiver

elaHxn/ R)ak; ransom
l,ickicklminl/ Gklk;Edlman mala fide
seller
el,Is n. excess
el,ncracr velocity of circulation,
~ rUbiyvt velocity of money
lm ]> minefakminf adj. moderate
elIs c,ab;/ kicsna v. infringe, kar ~
infringement
elIs v. contravene
elIskicsna/ kar breach of contract
elIsc,ab; unlawful, meFa)ay ~
unlawful means
elIsviny/ kar breach of discipline

litln; rW briyayy:aglitln; elaborate
elg error, ~ kgkareRCIsKMrUtag sample
selection error, ~ kgkarvas;Evg error in
measurement, ~ b:Hb:UvKa compensating
errors, ~ EpkTsSnaTan conceptual error,
~ ykKMrUtag sampling error
vtrwb)an spoils
vb,Fm culture, ~ rYceTas culture of
impunity
vyekg/ RbCaCn young people

v:arIy:g; variance (statistics), ~ cMelIy
Tak;Tin correlated response variance,
~ cMelIysamBa simple response variance
vaTb,divaT rW vaTRbtivaT controversy
vaytMl/ kar appraisal, ~ CnbTedayman
karcUlrYm participatory rural appraisal
(PRA)
vKGnuvt workshop
vd cycle, ~ nPaBRkIRk cycle of poverty,
~ eronsURtedaydkBiesaFn_ experimental
learning cycle, ~ esdkic economic cycle
vDnPaB progress, ~ smas compound
growth
vN class, ~ sgm social class

vNkNal rW vNKhbtI middle class
vNGPiCn nobility
vtFatuedIm raw material
vtFatueRbIR)as; consumables
vtFana/ edayKan without security
vtniTsSn_ feature
vtbBaaM object in pawn, collateral
vtpt;pg; supply, provision
vtmantMl valuables
vaytMl/ kar assessment, ~ PaBRkIRkeday

mankarcUlrYm participatory poverty
assessment (PPA)
vaytMl/ kar evaluation, ~ KMerag\NTan

credit project evaluation, ~ eRkayeBl
KMeragcb; ex-post project evaluation, ~
FnFan nigtMrUvkar demand and resource
evaluation (DARE)
vaytMleLIgvij v. reassess, kar ~

reassessment, revaluation
vaynPN textile, ]sSahkm ~ textile

industry
vaynPN/ TMnij textile, soft goods

vaybenak v. underrate
vayBn/ Gk m> kMNt;Bn/ Gk assessor of
taxes
vaysan/ kar speculation, ~ suTsaF pure

190
origin, ~ bBaak;BIkEngEkc certificate of
speculation
varIvb,km aquaculture
varIGKisnI/ sMNg; hydropower
processing, ~ bBaak;KuNPaB certificate

of quality, ~ bBaak;suxPaBl clean bill of
construction
health, ~ BiniteraKqg certificate of
vas;)an/ PaBGac measurability

vas;EvgPaBmancMeNj/ kar measurement
quarantine, viBaabnbRtGnusid certificate

of registration
of profitability
vikybRt invoice, bill, ~ kMBugbBan bill in

transit, ~ Ky customs invoice, ~ dwk
CBansrub groupage/grouped bill of
lading, ~ RtUvsg bill payable, ~ RtUvsg
enAeBlbgaj bill at sight, ~ beNaHGasn
pro forma invoice, ~ eGayRbmUlR)ak; bill
sent for collection, ~ lk; TMnij sale
invoice, ~ BaNiCkm commercial invoice
viCman/ CBaIgTUTat; positive balance of
payments
viCaCIv adj. professional, esahuy ~

professional fees, karrkSasMgat; ~
professional secrecy
vitikmFnsaFarN karekjRbvBaRTBsm,ti
saFarN misappropriation of public
funds
vitarkm m> BRgIk/ kar expansion

vieTsPN m> TMnijnaMcUl imports
viTaly high school, Gnu ~ junior high
school
viTasaRsvas;Evgesdkic econometrics
viTasaRsesdkic economics, applied
economics
viFan rule, ~ RbugRbyt prudential rule

viFankar measure, ~ esdkic economic
measure, ~ sareBIBn fiscal measure
viFankarkarBarplitplkgRsuk
viCaCIvesrI liberal profession

viCanaTIBlrd civics
viCasanCatisiti National Institute of
viFanTUeTA/ tam as a general rule

viFI method, ~ Tajehtupl deductive
Statistics (NIS)
method
viBaabnkm/ lixit notarial deed

viBaabnbRt certficate, ~ TMgn; certificate
of weighing, ~ epJIR)ak; certificate of
deposit, ~ RbPBedImTMnij certificate of
viFIedaHRsayBIrpv two-track approach

viFIsaRs approach, ~ CYyxng self-help
protectionist measure
approach
viFIsaRs methodology
191
viFIsaRs viPaK tamEbbKuNPaB qualitative
bMNul debt crisis

vi)ak/ EdlCa consequential
vibulPaB prosperity
viPaK/ kar analysis, ~ BIfedIm cost analysis,
~ eRKaHRbeTs country-risk analysis,
~ m:aRkUesdkic macroeconomic analysis
viPaKcMNaynigplcMeNj/ kar cost-benefit
analysis, ~ xagsgmkic social cost-benefit
analysis (SCBA), ~ xagesdkci economic
cost-benefit analysis (ECBA), ~ hirBavt
method
viFIsaRs viPaK tamEbbbrimaN

quantitative method
vinicy/ kar judgment

vinieyaK investment, Gk ~ investor, GaCJa
bN ~ investment licence, ~ saFarN
public investment, ~ pal;BIbreTs foreign
direct investment (FDI)
vinieyaK rW eFVIvinieyaK invest

vinieyaK/ kardkTunQb; disinvestment
vinieyaKcMruH joint venture
vinieyaKCamUlbRt PaKhunTaMgGs;rbs;
vinieyaKinNamak; portfolio investment
vinieyaKbn v. vinieyaKR)ak;cMeNjeTAkg
GaCIvkmvij reinvest, plough back
vinieyaKbnas; replacement investment
vinieyaKbreTs foreign investment
vinieyaKmansuvtiPaBx<s; ]> bNrtnaKar
financial cost-benefit analysis (FCBA)
viPaKTan contribution, ~ CasMPar

contribution in kind
viPaKnevTyitPaB sensitivity analysis

viPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;KittamryeBl
discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis
viPaCn_/ R)ak; financial appropriation/

allocation
viPaCn_RKYsar family allowance(s)

vimCkar decentralisation, GMNac ~
decentralised power, eFVI ~ decentralise
viercnkm m> visuTikm purge
vivtn_/ kar evolution, dMeNIkar ~ evolving
gilt-edged investments
vinieyaKrUbvn
physical investment
(materials, money...)
vinieyaKCahun/ kar equity investment

vinieyaKeLIgvij v. reinvest
vinieyaKin investor
vinPaB m> cMeNj/ PaBman gain
vibti crisis, ~ hirBavt financial crisis, ~
process
vivnkar m> RBeQI/ karkab; deforestation

vivaT n. dispute, ynkaredaHRsay ~
dispute settlement mechanism, ~ dIFI
land dispute
192
visCna m> karepJIR)ak;ecj remittance

visPaK/ visman heterogenous
vismta disequilibrium
vismFn/ r)ay unequal wealth distribution
vismPaB inequality, ~ nR)ak;cMNUl
income inequality
vismamaRt disproportionate, ~ cMnYnsac;

R)ak; disproportionate amount of cash
vismitPaB incompatibility
vishmCkar deconcentration
visy sector, TUTaMg ~ sectorwide, tam ~
sectoral, kMrit ~ sectoral level
visyminTak;TgnwgRKYsar non-household
evKBl m> el,ncracr

evCsaRs adj. medical, CMnYy ~ medical
assistant, GkCMnYy ~ medical aid, Gk ~
medic
evTyitkmbBaHbBal/ eFVI v. lobby

evTyitPaB siti sensitivity, viPaKn ~
sensitivity analysis
evTika forum, platform

Evgqay/ EdlemIleXIj far-sighted
sector
visaNU m> vIrus virus

visamBa/ smyRbCMu extraordinary session
visalPaB scope
visuTikm purge
viessanumanviFI m> viFITajehtupl
deductive method
viesaFnkm amendment (of a law,

contract...)
visMBaFesdkic economic depression

vIedGU video
vIrus virus, ~ kMuBTr computer virus
vwkvr/ kar upheaval, ~ kgsgm social
skm/ ya:g lively

skmRKb;RKg proactive
skmeT,Ig/ eFVIeGay v. activate
skmRbyuT proactive
skmPaB activity, ~ GaCIvkm business
activity
saklPavUbnIykmesdkic globalisation of
economy
skIkm proof
skIkm/ cMNayman justified expense
skIbRt supporting document
(accounting)
skIbRt bNcMNay voucher

skIbRtcuHbBaI journal voucher
skIbRt\NTan credit slip
skanuBl n. potential
upheaval
193
skanuPaB potentiality
skanuPUt adj. potential
skiPUminiym feudalism
skisiTi effective, PaB ~ effectiveness
sg karxUcxat v. pay compensation,
v. depress
sgt;Fn; v. emphasise
sgat;RkIRk rexkrxak slum, Gkrs;enAkg
~ slum-dwellers
segt v. observe, esckI ~ observation

segt emIl/ kar observation
segb/ esckI GtbT executive
recompense
sgkarR)ak; v. service a debt

sgtambBaa v. pay to order
sgtambBaa adj. payable to order
sgbNak;/ kar ]> tamEx payment by
summary
segbsMrab;eKalneya)ay policy brief

sgtPaB m> suIKa/ PaB consistency
instalments
sgbNak;/ R)ak; instalment, RbBn ~

instalment system
sg)an payable
sgR)ak;CMBak; pay the balance
sgR)ak;CMBak;/ kar back payment
sgR)ak;bNak;/ kar deferred payments
sgR)ak;eBlbgajksar pay at sight, kar
~ sight payment
sgpac; redeem, ~ bMNul redeem a debt

sgpac;/ kar redemption, ~ nUvRTBvinieyaK
redemption of investment materials
sgvij v. pay back, refund, reimburse,

kar ~ repayment, reimbursement
sgvij/ R)ak; repayment, refund
sgeGayGkkan; v. & adj. 1. pay to
sgm society, ~ ksikm agrarian society,

~ suIvil civil society
sgmCati nation
sgmviTa sociology
sghFn mutual fund
sghsmaKm mutual societies
sRgam/ sanPaBsitkg act of war
sgam/ ehtuekIteLIgeday act of war
sgamraMur: protracted war
segaHEpkmnusSFm/ kar humanitarian relief
sgSy/ eday\t undoubted
sckarPN m> vtbBaaM collateral, object
in pawn
scFarN_ presumption, ~ nnireTas

presumption of innocence
scanumti ratification
scaRbNiFan oath of allegiance
bearer 2. payable to bearer
sgtc; Hu TIpSar/ GarmN_/ Qan;RhVaMgrfyn >>>

194
scavIkrN_ confession
sCtikr m> suT net, tMl ~ net cost
sCnik intrinsic
sBay savings, KNnI ~ savings account
sBaa/ sBaasMKal; TMnij brand
sBaaxn perception
sBaaN notion
sBaabN bond ( issued by a company
to borrow money), Tinpl ~ bond yield,
~ rdaPi)al government bonds
sBaabN debenture, Gkkan; ~ debenture
holder
sBaaBaNiCkm commercial mark

sNab;Fab; order, ~ saFarN public
order, ~ sgm social order
sNan/ f shadow price
stanumt adj. QrelIkarBitCak;Esg
sniTankm rationalisation, ~ mnIraCkar

rationalisation of civil servants
sniTankm/ eFVI v. rationalize

sniTanPaB rationality, rationale
sniTanIy m> smehtupl rational
snrRbevsn_ m> cMNakRsuk migration
sniPaB/ karksag peace building
snisux security, ~ Blkm labour security,
~ es,g food security
snisuxsgm social security, viPaKTan ~
social security contribution
snna/ karkic rW snnakar conversation

snnIyPaB liquidity
snsSn_ index
snsSn_fTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price
index (CPI)
snsSn_britprNa pss GDP deflator

snsSn_ebovtSr_/ kardak; wage indexation
snidPaB understanding, mutual
objective
stVciBawm ykpl livestock

stVRB wildlife, EdnCMrk ~ wildlife
understanding
sanctuary
stVGUsTaj draft animals (US), draught

animal (GB)
sTanuRkm glossary, lexicon

sTaTan liberality, liberal gift,
generosity, gratuity
sTaluPaB m> gayeCO/ PaB credulity

195
snHeCOneTAmux momentum
snHCMruj n. impetus
snisBaa treaty
snidan/ kar conclusion, inference
sniFi stock
sniFikark m> snSMR)ak;/ Gk saver
sni)at convention
snisIT conference
snisITkMBUl summit
sntCamun presumption
sntikm rW karsnt convention
sna/ kar promise, pledge
snacMNay/ kar promise to pay
(French: engagement de dpense)
snatamhtelxa/ kar FnaKar guarantees
smtul balance, ~ edImRKacugRKa opening/

closing balance, ~ TMnijnigesva balance
on goods and services, ~ enACMBak;
outstanding balance, ~ manelx minsUn
open balance, ~ viCmanGviCman positive/
negative balance, ~ minTan;TUTat; unpaid
balance, ~ \NTayI\Nayik credit/debit
balance
smtkic/ man competent, GaCJaFr ~
and commitments under signature

(banking)
competent authority
snalk;Cak;lak;/ kar firm offer

snwkdac;BIKa/ esovePAFM loose-leaf ledger
snwkhun share, stock
snSM/ R)ak; savings, KNnIsnSM savings
smtPaB capacity, kg ~ tampvc,ab; in a

legal capacity, ~ plit production
capacity, ~ pk load-carrying capacity,
~ eBjelj full capacity, ~ rkR)ak; earning
capacity, ~ elIs excess capacity
smtPaB eFVIGVImYy capability
smtPaB/ kar)at;bg; incapacity
smtPaB/ man capable, efficient, kmkr ~
account
snSM R)ak;/ Gk saver

snSMTukEtm/ kar collection of stamps
snSMsMc economise
snSMsMc/ Epnkar thrift plan
snSMsMcfamBl/ kar energy conservation
sb,rsFm charity
sBbRt katTUrsB phone card
sPaK m> esIsac; homogenous
sPapat;Tat; clearing house (banking)
sPaBaNiCkm chamber of commerce
smkalkm synchronisation
smta m> lMnwg equilibrium
efficient worker
smtPaBxagbBaa mental ability

smtPaBsgbMNulrbs;GkxI credit rating
smFm equity, mUlniFi ~ equity fund,
~ sgm social equity
smFm/ Kan unfair
smFm/ eday equitable
smFm/ man fair, with equity
smPaKI counterpart
196
smPaB equality, ~ nR)ak;cMNUl income
smaPaK ratio, karviPaK ~ ratio analysis

smaPaKkMeNIncMNUlBn eFobnwgkMeNIn
plitplCatisrub marginal-tax ratio
smaPaKcMNUleFobnwgTunvinieyaK return on
equality
smmit n. comrade
smmUl equivalent, ~ nig equivalent to,
tMl ~ equivalent value
smrm fair, reasonable, f ~ fair/
reasonable price, PaB ~ fairness
smlm adequate
smlm/ min inadequate
smRsb adj. appropriate, beckviTa
smRsb ~ appropriate technology
smRsb/ min inappropriate, unsuitable
smehtupl adj. rational, karrMBwg ~
investment ratio
smaPaKplcMeNjeFobcMNay benefit-cost
ratio
smaPaKbMNul debt ratio

smaPaKrhs quick ratio
smaPaKsmlmnTun capital adequacy
ratio
smamaRt
proportion, karlEck ~
proportional allocation, ~ nwg in

proportion to
smayat m> kUta

smasFatu element
smasPaK component
smasPaB composition
smahrNkm integration, ~ ]sSahkm
integration of industry, ~ bBar vertical
integration, ~ esdkic economic integration
smitPaB PaBcUlKacuH compatibility
smiTikm/ smiTipl realisation
smiTilTPaB/ karsikSaBI feasibility study
smIkar equation
smucy collection
smUhPaB collectivity
rational expectation
smyRbCMu session, ~ eBjGg plenary

session
smaKt partner
smaKm association, ~ dwkCBanpvGakas
GnrCati International Air Transport
Association (IATA)
smacy m> bgrTuk accumulate

smacyTun capital accumulation
smaCikbMrug reserve member (of a
committee)
smaCikPaB membership
smankm kareFVIeGayRCYtRCab
assimilation
smancit sympathy
197
smUhPaB/ Ca collective, sad ~ collective
srub total, ~ rYm grand total, ~ rg
work
subtotal
smUhPavUbnIykm collectivisation
sm,Tan concession, ~ RBeQI forest
concession, ~ f price concession
sm,Tan adj. concessional, concessionary
kMcIpl; ~ concessional loan, lkxN ~
svnkm audit, auditing, nItiviFI ~ auditing

procedures, GaCJaFr ~ Cati National
Auditing Authority, ~ BIeRkApkg
external/internal audit, ~ kraC
concessionary terms
sm,Tan/ Edlminpl; non-concessional

sm,Tanik concessionnaire, concession
independent audit
svnkr auditor, ~ kraC independent

auditor
svnakar hearing
svnakarRbtibkS svnakarEdlKUkItTl;Ka
holder
sm,rayikTan m> tMlGnaKt future
adversary proceeding
shkmsiTi co-ownership, shkmsiTikr
value
sm,rivtn_ m> pas;br/ kar change

sm<nkar liaison
sm<nPaB alliance
smtikm hypothesis
smamti/ eKalneya)ay orthodox policy
smxIkm m> RbQmmuxKa/ kar
co-owner, co-proprietor
shkrN_ n. cooperative, BaNiCkm ~

cooperative trade
shkar/ kic collaboration

shkal rW shsmy contemporary
shk,d karrYmKMnitk,t; conspiracy
shRkumhun cartel
shRKas enterprise, firm, ~ esrI free
enterprise, ~ xattUc small-scale
confrontation
sresrCaelxkUd v. encode
sresrTak;TgxagCMnYj/ kar business
enterprise
correspondence
shRKasFuntUc nigmFm small and
srIrag/ ksikm organic agriculture

srub total, aggregate, tMrUvkarkarpt;pg; ~
medium enterprise (SME)
shRKaspt;pg;saFarN public utilities

shRKasrd rW shRKassaFarN
aggregate demand/supply
srub gross, plitplkgRsuksrub gross
state-owned enterprise
domestic product (GDP)
shRKin entrepreneur
198
shRKinPaB entrepreneurship
shcugecaT co-defendant
shCIB trade union (GB), labour union
sakvb,km horticulture
saksYr/ kar Btman/ f>>> inquiry, lixit
~ Btman letter of inquiry
saksYrBtman v. make enquiries
saxa Rkumhunemkan;kab;hunTaMgGs; branch,
wholly owned subsidiary, ~ enAbreTs
(US)
shCIB/ karcUl unionisation

shCIBhtkr blue-collar union
shCIvinsmmit n. comrade
shFn RkumrdFab;enAkgcRkPBGg;eKs
commonwealth, shFnrdkraC
overseas branches
saxapl;hirBab,Tan financing arm

saKrsaRs oceanography
sagsg;-GaCIvkm-epr build, operate,
commonwealth of independent states
shbdiPaK GkRKb;RKgkarkSyFnEtgtaMg
edaytulakar trustee in bankruptcy
shRbtibtikar cooperation, eFVI ~ v.
cooperate, EdleFVI ~ cooperative adj.
shRbFan co-chair
shBT spouse
shPaKkm/ maRta rW kicsnacUlhun article
sac;jati n. relative
sac;R)ak; cash, CMnYs ~ cash substitute,
~ enAFnaKar cash in bank, ~ bnicbnc
petty cash, ~ bMrug cash reserves, ~ man
kgd hard cash
sac;R)ak;kg ebLad cash in hand (GB),
of copartnership
cash on hand (US)
shPaBRkumhun company union
sac;R)ak;kgXaMg vault cash

sac;R)ak;nigRTBgaybrCasac;R)ak; liquidity
saCafI/ eFVI m> cMlgtam/ eFVI replicate
saCIvkm corporation
saCIvkm public company or public
transfer (BOT)
shlknikmnIraCkarsuIvil co-statute of
civil servants
shsm<n correlation
shesvik colleague
sh\NTayk co-creditor
sehtu causal
sakl global
limited company (PLC)
saFnPaB solvency
saFnIy EdlGacsgbMNul solvent
saFarN adj. public, GgPaB ~ public
199
entity, visy ~ public sector, esckIRbkas
CasaFarN ~ public proclamation

saFarNkar public works
saFarNCn public, general public
saFarNCn/ EdlKitRbeyaCn_ public-spirited
saebkPaB PaBmanTMnak;TMng relativity
samKIPaB solidarity
samBa ordinary, hun ~ m> hunFmta
ordinary share
samBakm/ kareFVI simplification,

~ nItiviFIKy simplification of customs
an inventory
sareBIPN/ eFVI v. take stock, kar ~

stocktaking
sareBIPNTMnijsMrab;lk; sales mix

sareBIPNedIm qaMRKa beginning inventory
sarPaB/ kar confession
sarm m> RbkYtRbECg/ kar competition
sarvn/ Ca essential, TMnij ~ essential
goods
sarsMxan; significance
sareGLicRtUnik/ GuIEml electronic mail or
email
sar\NTaneTscrN_ travellers letter of
procedures
samyikPaB periodicity
samayik m> tamkalkMNt;/ eTogeBl
credit
sar\NTanGaclubvij)an revocable letter

of credit
periodic, timely
saracr circular
salRkm tulakar judgment
saldIka ruling (supreme court)
salakbRtpl;TMnij due-card
sala kat;kICMrHkI court or lawcourt
salamFmsikSa secondary school,
~ TutiyPUmi higher secondary school,
~ bzmPUmi lower secondary school
sala]TrN_ apellate court
savta background
sikasala seminar, workshop
sikSaenAkariyaly/ kar desk study
samIbrivt alienator
sar message
sarkarI notary public
sarxI short message, note
sarFatu substance
sarFatueqH flammable substance
sarFatubMBul pollutant
sarBtman journal
sareBIBn adj. fiscal, RTBskm ~ fiscal
asset, nPaB ~ fiscal deficit, neya)ay ~
fiscal policy, qaM ~ fiscal year
sareBIPN inventory, eFVIbBaI ~ draw up
200
sikSabg;f/ kar tuition class

sikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an/ kar feasibility study
sikSamunkarsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an/ kar
pre-feasibility study
sikSaEsVgyl;/ kar reconnaissance study

siTan dogma
siTi right, ~ bdiesFTImYy right of first
refusal, ~ e)aHeqat voting right, ~ pac;mux
exclusive right
siTi/ Edlman eligible, ~ e)aHeqat eligible

to vote
siTi/ Edlman preferential, \NTaykman

siTiTarbMNulmun preferential creditor
siTikan;kab; n. GclnRTBCYl tenancy
siTiXat;Tuk lien
siTicMlg copyright
siTiqgkat; dIeK right of way
siTidkR)ak; siTisMuxI drawing right,
~ sVyRbvti automatic-drawing right
siTdi kBiess Special Drawing Rights (SDR)
siTiTijPaKhun kgfNamYyenAeBlNa
mYy naGnaKt share option
siTiTijmuneK nUvsnwkhunecjpSayfI
EfmeTot preemption
siTiRbTan proxy
siTieRbIeQaHBaNiCkm edIm,IeFVIGaCIvkm
franchise
201
siTieRbIR)as;dIGkdT easement
siTiPtisna siTinkicsnaCYl right to
the lease
siTils; rbs;kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk equity of

redemption
siTieGayrksIupac;muxtamEbbbTeK/ karpl;
business format franchising
siTiGMNac authority, power, mandate

siniTBl kMlaMgpSarPab;Ka cohesion
sib,km handicraft
sIlFm ethics, ~ viCaCIv ethics
sIlFm morality, man ~ l good morality,
~ sgm social morality
swkerc/ kar wear and tear, depreciation
suRkitPaB/ lkxN idealised condition
suxdumnIykm harmonisation
suxdumrmna/ PaB harmony
suxPaB/ karEfTaM health care
suxPaBl/ man adj. healthy
suxevTn_RbeTs welfare state
suxumalPaBRKYsar family well-being
suqn n. goodwill
suTidiniym optimism
suTidi/ kar)a:n;san optimistic estimate
suT net, karnaMecj ~ net exports
suTcit/ eday free will
suBlPaB validity, pl; ~ validate
suPnicy common sense

surieyadI cadastre
suvtiPaB safety, sMNaj; ~ rWRbBn ~safety net
suvtiPaB/ Kan unsafe
suvuDikm m> EklMG/ kar amelioration
suivil adj. civil
suIKa/ PaB coherence, consistency
suICMerA/ karvaytMl in-depth evaluation
suIDI vIedGU video CD
suIDIr:m CD-Rom
suaM nwgCMgW/ PaB immunity
sUk v. bribe
sUcnakr m> GaMDIkaTr indicator
sUhVEvr software (computer programme)
sYy rW sYysarGakr royalties
sYrbBaak;sakSIepgpat;nwgcMelIyeBlmun v.
cross-examine
esovePAk,n manual
esovePAcMNaytUctac petty-cash book
esovePAcMNayR)ak; cash-disbursement
book
esovePAcMNUlR)ak; cash-receipt book

esovePAFnaKar bank book
esovePAFM ledger (accounting), general
ledger, ~ Tij purchase ledger, ~ rg
and conditions book
esovePAbnknkarvinieyaK book of
investment
esovePAebLasMc savings-bank book

esovePAR)ak;beBaI passbook
esovePA eyagRsavRCav reference book
esovePAs White Book
esovePAsgR)ak; cash paid book
segaH v. rescue, kar ~ n. rescue
segaH/ kar salvage ( ship or cargos)
segaHRkumhunCYbkarlM)akxaghirBavt v.
bail out
segaHbnan; emergency, kMcI ~ emergency

loan, KMerag ~ emergency project, mUlniFi
~ emergency fund viFankar ~ emergency
measures
esckIEcg provision (law)

esckIENnaM instruction, direction
esckIffr dignity
esckIeTIbelIkeLIg foregoing
esckIRbkas statement
esckIRbkasCasaFarN public statement/
proclamation
esckIepIm introduction
esckIRBag draft
escksI eM rc decision, kareFVI ~ decision making,
GkeFVI ~decision maker, ~ tamc,ab; legal
decision, ~RbkbedayKti rational decision
subsidiary ledger
esovePAbnk sMrab;edjf tender terms

202
esckIsMerccit nGgRbCMu resolution

esckIsMercrbs;GaCJakNal award
esdkic economy, ~ kMBugegIbeT,Ig
emerging economies, ~ ggwt black
economy, ~ TIpSar market economy,
~ TIpSarerobry rW ~ niytTIpSar marketregulated economy, ~ TIpSaresrI free
market economy, ~ neya)ay political
economy, ~ ebIkcMh open economy,
~ eRbIR)ak;kas cash economy, ~ Epnkar
planned economy, ~ EpnkarRbmUlpM
centrally planned economy, ~ maRtdan
economies of scale, ~ mUlFn capitalist
economy, ~ rUbiyvt money economy,
~ vimCkar decentralised economy
esdkic/ viTasaRsvas;Evg econometrics
esdkic-sgmkic/ Gegt socio-economic
esrI free, pSar ~ free market, Rbtibtikar

elIpSar ~ open market operations
esrIPaBksagsmaKm freedom of
association
esrIPaBnBlrd civil liberty

esrIPavUbnIykm liberalisation, ~ BaNiCkm
liberalisation of trade
esvPaB easement
esva service, kicsna ~ service contract,
kMr ~ service fees, ]sSahkm ~ service
industry, ~ RckecjcUlEtmYy one-stop
service, ~ bnab;bnSM ancillary services,
~ bMNul loan service (interest payment),
~ hirBavt financial services, ~ Gb;rM
education service
esvakm service
esvakmTMnij/ RKwHsan merchandising
service establishment
ess/ elx odd number

sesIr/ Edl complementary
esuIbGegt v. investigate
esaFnnivtn_ retirement pension, pension,
mUlniFi ~ pension fund
esahuy expense, charge, ~ FnaKar bank
survey
esdkickCn/ GgPaB private economic

entity
esdBaNiCkm commercial dealing

esdviTU economist
esNarIy:U scenario
esnaFikar executive body/entity/unit
esnaFikar sabn mecanism
esymanH superiority complex
charge
esahuybegItshRKasdMbUg initial outlay

or initial capital outlay
sMxan;CagGVIeTot overriding (in text of

203
sMBaF n. pressure, ~ hirBavt financial

pressure, dak; ~ v. put pressure
sMPar material
sMPas/ eFVIsMPas v. interview
sMPasn_muneBlpl;CMnYy pre-grant
law)
sMgat; confidential
sMcFnFan/ karKitKUr husbanding of
resources
sMEdg tY role play

sMedA oriented (orientated)
sMNg karxUcxat/ CMgWcit compensation,
interview
redress, indemnity
sMNg/ eFVI v. indemnify

sMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxat/ R)ak; damages
sMNl; fvika excess
sMNl; GVIEdlenAsl; remainder
sMNl;/ tMl residual value
sMNak m> KMrUtag sample
sMNUk n. bribe, sIu ~ take a bribe
sMNUmBr demand
sMeNI proposal, ~ KMerag project proposal
sMeNI n. request
sMeNA voucher
sMNMuerOg dossier
sMNMuksar/ karksag documentation
sMbkevcxb; packing, packaging
(accounting), ~ RbmUlvijepJITuk returnable
packing, ~ minRbmUlvij non-returnable
packing
sMbuRtkMeNIt birth certificate

sMbuRtKaMRT eGaycUleFVIkar testimonial
204
sMeyaK/ plitpl synthetic products

sMrg; extract
sMrg;KNnI statement of account,
~ BIFnaKar bank statement
sMrg;GtbT n. abstract
sMrab; set (e.g. a set of six chairs)
sMruHsMrYl/ kar mediation
sMruHsMrYl/ Gk mediator
sMrYl/ CYy v. facilitate
sMrYl/ ]bkrN_ facility, ~ sMrab;mUlniFibEnm
extended fund facility (EFF), ~ sMrab;
EktMrUvbEnm extra-structural adjustment
facility (ESAF)
sMrYlkar/ eRKOgkEng facilities

sMerc final, end, pl ~ end result
sMerc v. decide, KMnUsedImeQInRbBn ~
decision-tree
sMerc/ eFVI[sMerc v. realise

sMelgeqat vote
sMelgPaKeRcIn e)aHeqat majority
sMviFanFn provision reserve (accounting)
sMviFanvt provision (supply)

sMviFanvt sMrab;TUTat;mUlb,TanbRt fund
stock, ~ TMnijsMrab;lk; stock in trade, ~
sMrab;Tb;Tl;karERbRbYl buffer stock

sk/ kar Tukdak;GIv:an;kgXaMg storage
sk Tuk/ kar stocking, stockpiling
(French: provision)
sMGitsMGag/ kar m> visuTikm purge

saMjaM complex, PaBsaMjaM complexity
sal;/ TTYlsal; v. recognise
stEhg/ tMbn; arid area
sg;dar KuNPaB/ dl; up to standard
sg;dar standard, ~ GnrCati international
standard, ~ bBaa compulsory standard,
~KuNPaB quality standard, ~ RBag draft
sanPaB status, TIPak;garRsavRCav ~ Rkumhun

status-inquiry agency
sanPaBKansiTiGMNac/ karRcancUl
marginalisation
sanPaBCak;EsgkMBugman status quo

sanPaBRtUveFVICMerIsdBi)ak dilemma
sanIy station, ~ eKaledA station of
destination, ~ ecjdMeNIr station of
standard
sg;darmas gold standard, RbBnbr

R)ak;tam ~ gold standard system
sg;darUbnIykm standardisation
sg;Dig standing (bank), FnaKarman ~ l
origin
bank of good standing
sarCYsCuleGaydUcedIm/ kar restoration

sarhirBavteLIgvij/ kar rehabilitation of
finances
sareLIgvij rehabilitate, kar ~ rehabilitation,

KMerag ~ rehabilitation project
sITI interim
sk inventory, bN ~ inventory stock card
sk stock, ~ kgd stock in hand, ~ cas;
old stock, ~ eRcIn stockpile, ~ edImRKa
opening stock, ~ RtIFmCati natural fish
205
sabtkm architecture
sabn institution, agency, ~ rd government
agency, ~ saFarNRbhak;RbEhl quasipublic institution, ~ hirBavt financial
institution, ~ eGayxIR)ak; lending
institution, ~ \NTan credit institution
sabnik founder
sabnikRkumhun company promoter
sabnUbnIykm institutionalisation, eFVI ~
institutionalise
siti statistics
sirkmsirPavUbnIykm stablilisation,
neya)ay ~ stabilisation policy, ~ rUbiyvt
monetary stabilisation
sirPaB stability, ~ fkgRsuk domestic

price stability, ~ esdkic economic
stability, ~ m:aRkUesdkic macroeconomic
stability
sirPaB/ EdlKan unstable

sabsg; mti v. canvass
sabsg;TIpSar v. sound/test the market
sak;enA/ GRta occupancy rate (hotel)
sad work, ~ sil, art work
sl core, fvika ~ core budget, mUlniFi ~
core funding, FnFan ~ core resources
esI v. request
esI/ esckI request, enquiry
esteBat bEn baby corn
es,g foodstuffs, food items
es,gsMrab;Blkm ]> GgrBlkm food
esIPaB equality, equitable

esIsac; homogenous
esIsac;/ PaB homogeneity
esIsac;/ min heterogenous
esn clerk
esaHRtg; bona fide, GkTij ~ bona fide
purchaser
esaHRtg;/ eday in good faith

esaHsRK/ kar xagneya)ay allegiance
(politics)
Rsg;KMrUtag/ kar sample implementation

Rsgakcity:agxaMg/ karesckI disillusion
RsTab; stratum, mFmPaKn ~ stratum
mean
RsTab;nIykm stratification, ~ dMbUg

primary stratification
RsTab;Er: n. deposit
Rsbc,ab; lawful
Rsbc,ab;/ min unlawful
RsbCamYy in compliance with
Rsbtamc,ab;/ eFVIeGay v. legalise
RsavRCav v. research, kar ~ n. research,
kar ~ nigGPivDn_ research and
for work
s<wkRTwg/ kar stagnation, ~ esdkic

economic stagnation
s<wkRTwgmanGtiprNa/ kar stagflation
(stagnation + inflation)
sRKcit/ karkat;bnyeday voluntary

restriction/limitation
development (R & D)
sKsaj complex, PaBsKsaj
RsavRCavsMrab;Gnuvt/ kar applied research

RsUbcUl/ kar absorption, intake
RsUbyk/ smtPaB absortive capacity
complexity
sKsajsaMjaM/ eFVIeGay v. complicate

esIKa equal, equivalent
206
RsUv paddy, karkin ~ paddy husking,

~ Fn; late rice, ~ Rsal early rice, short-
satsM/ PaB integrity
season rice
eRsacRsB v. irrigate, kar ~ irrigation,

RbBn ~ irrigation system
RbBnGnueRKaHTUeTA Generalised System
of Preferences (GSP)
RsuHRsYl/ kar compromise

sak sMrab;biTelIplitpl label
sab;rs;/ bBaa life or death issue
sVyRKb;RKg self-managing
sVyt autonomous, shRKas ~
autonomous enterprise, GgPaBesdkic ~
autonomous economic entity
sVyTMgn; self-weighting
sVyRTRTg; self-sustaining, self-supporting
sVyPaB/ sVytPaB autonomy, sVyPaB
hirBavt financial autonomy
sVyPi)alesdkic economic autonomy
sVysMerc self-determination
sVyhirBab,Tan self-financing
sVyaFibety esdkicmas;karxngpal; min
BwgEpkelI karnaMecj-naMcUl rW CMnYyesdkic
autarky (economy)
EsVgrkemIl v. identify
sat adj. clean, ynkarGPivDn_ ~ clean
development mechanism
207
htkm manual labour

htekasl craftsmanship
htelxI signatory
hun share, karcUl ~ equity participation
hun/ PaKhun share, Gkkan;PaKhun
shareholder
hunFmta ordinary share, equities

hunGnueRKaH preference share
hak;Kr GklYceRCotcUlkgRbBnkMuBTr
GkdT hacker
haglk;ray retail outlet
hat;kar/ Gk trainee (GB), intern (US)
haniPy exposure (banking), ~ FM large
exposure
haniPy risk, karBicarNaBI ~ risk

consideration, ~ rdaPi)alminGacsgR)ak;
sovereign risk, ~ r:ab;rgedaymas;TMnij
at owners risk, ~ \NTansrub aggregate
credit risk
hamXat;/ kar prohibition

hamXat;/ Edl adj. prohibitive (i.e by law)
higSa violence
hibexA begItedaysMgat; slush fund
hirBab,Tan financing, ~ nPaB deficit

financing, ~ kgRbeTs domestic
financing, ~ FnaKar bank financing
hirBab,Tan/ pl;eFVI v. finance
hirBavt n. finance, KNeny ~ financial
accounting, ~ saFarN public finance,
~ sabn institutional finance
hirBaik n. treasurer
hInmanH inferiority complex
hUtBn v. tax, levy
hUr/ kar flow
hYskalkMNt;sg overdue, past-due, kMcI
~ overdue loan, bMNul ~ past-due debt
hYssmy obsolete, outdated, PaB ~
obsolescence
ehdarcnasm<n infrastructure
ehtupl rationale
huBT/ kar embargo, dak;elIk karhuBT
esdkic place/lift an economic embargo
hat; kicRBmeRBogTUeTAsIBItaragBnKy nig
BaNiCkm GATT (General Agreement
karc ~ genetic modification, Ekc ~

modify a gene, lMdab; ~ genetic
sequence, sMNMu ~ genome, Gaharc ~
GM (genetically modified) food
L
Lgbut GUbr power boat
Lt_ batch, elx ~ batch number
Lt_/ dI plot of land
Lsuik logic
eLIgcuH f/ kar fluctuation
eLIgftMl/ kar appreciation
eLIgfvij snwkhun>>> eRkayBI)ancuHf
rally (price)
eLIgehIycuH up and down
G
Gkm adj. passive
GkranuRkm rW vcnanuRkm dictionary
GK general, GKelxaFikar secretary-
on Tariffs and Trade)
general
eRhVkg; viT frequency

hVIt/ hVt rgVas;RbEvg feet, foot
hVIhV Fifo (first in, first out)
EhSn gene, ksikmc ~ GM agriculture,
GKaFikar general inspector, ~ rg deputy
GKnayk director-general, GKnaykrg

deputy director-general
general inspector
GKaFikardan general inspectorate

208
GKIsnIPavUbnIykm electrification
Gegt v. & n. survey, Tinny ~ survey
data, Rbtibtikar ~ survey operation,
elg ~ survey error, ~ eKal benchmark
survey, ~ KMrUtag sample survey, ~ RKYsar
household survey, ~ CamUldan baseline
survey, ~ dIFI land survey, ~ TUeTA general
survey, ~ RTg;RTayFM large-scale survey,
~ RbCaCn population survey
Gegt/ GkcuHeFVI surveyor
Ggkar organisation, ~ sgm social
semiconductor
GgnItibBati legislature
GgpSM n. aggregate
GgPaB unit, entity
GgPaB/ kg in-house, karbNHbNalPasa
~ in-house language training
GgPaBesdkic economic entity, ~ cMruH

mixed economic entity, ~ sVyt
autonomous economic entity
GgPaBGaCIB firm
Ggehtu fact
Gclkm m> RTBskmCab;lab;/ GclnRTB
immovable property
organisation
Ggkarfak;eRkam kMritRbCaCn grassroots

organisation
GgkarminEmnrdaPi)al non-government
organisation (NGO)
Ggkarelx organisation chart, flow chart
Gclkm/ eFVI v. immobilise (finance)

GclnRTB real estate
GclnRTB dI nigrW GaKar immovable
property, real estate/property, TIPak;gar
~ real-estate agency
Gclnvt m> GclnRTB immovable
GgkarshRbtibtikaresdkic nigGPivDn_
Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD)
GgkarGciny_ permanent organ

GgkarGnrCatixagsg;darUbnIykm
property
Gciny_ permanent, RKwHsan ~ permanent

establishment
GciRny_/ lixitbBaa standing order

Gcirkal m> ryeBlxI short term
Gectna adj. involuntary, unintentional
GcyTan ekr legacy
GcyTanCaclnvt GMeNayclnvttamry
mrtksasn_ n. bequest
International Organisation for

Standardisation (ISO)
GgecARkm judiciary
Ggc,ab; nig bTb,Bati body of rules and
regulations
GgFatuBak;kNalcMlg eGLicRtUnik
209
GcyTanCaGclnRTB n. tammrtksasn_
devise
GcyTanlaPI legatee
GcyTayk legator
GcinRTB booty
GBatbN/ GBatbRt bill of lading, ~
edaypal; direct bill of lading, ~ rYm
KNeny ~ inflation accounting, KMlat ~

inflationary gap, ryeBlman ~ inflationary
period
GtiprNa/ karbny disinflation

GtiprNaelatepaH hyperinflation,
galloping inflation
GtiprNasnSwm creeping inflation

Gtipl intensive, ksikm ~ intensive
omnibus bill of lading
GBaat unknown (factor, quantity...)

GBaatbNpvGakas rW bNdwkCBanpvGakas
airway bill
agriculture
GtiBlkm labour-intensive, ]sSahkm ~

labour-intensive industry
Gtierk surplus
Gtisuxumelak microcosm
GtItPaB seniority, tMelIgfak;tam ~
GaNaniKmniymEbbfI neocolonialism
GNg well, ~ xYg drilled well, ~ dak;lU
ring well
GENt floating, kmkr ~ temporary worker,

Blkm ~ casual labour, GRta ~ floating
rate, GRtabrR)ak; ~ flexible exchange rate
GENtdak;eGayGENtbENt v. float
Gt;kargareFVI/ PaB joblessness
Gt;kareFVI adj. unemployed, Gk ~ n.
unemployed, PaB ~ unemployment
Gt;c,ab;/ Edl Kanc,ab;RKb;RKg rW KankareKarB
c,ab; lawless
GtifiCn customer
Gtifita clientele
GtibrmanIykm maximisation
GtiprNa inflation, kta ~ inflation factor,
210
promotion by seniority
GtItyuTCn veteran (soldier)

GtulPaB imbalance
Gtenamt/ CMerIs subjective choice
GtsBaaNkm identification
GtsBaaNbN identity card
GtKahk m> GkTTYlpl beneficiary, ~
Cayfaehtu contingency beneficiary
GtRbeyaCn_ benefit, ~ pl;eGaybuKlik
personnel benefits
GtRbeyaCn_bEnm pl;CabEnmelIebovtSr_
fringe benefits, perks (or perquisites)
GtiPaB existence
GRta rate, ~ efr fixed rate, ~ Bn tax
rate, ~ GENt floating rate
GRtabMeBjekAGIGkdMeNIr tamynehaH
GRtakarR)ak; interest rate, ~ carwk nominal

rate of interest, ~ snSM interest rate for
passenger load factor
savings
GRtakarR)ak;rvagFnaKarBaNiCenATIRkugLg
Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate)
GRtakMeNInRbCaCn population-growth rate

GRtaKaMBarskisiTi effective rate of
protection (ERP)
GRtacuHeQaHcUleron enrollment rate

(school)
GRtaecjcUlnBlkr turnover rates of

labour
GRtacMNUlesdkic economic rate of return

GRtacMeNj profit margin
GRtafTIpSarRbcaMf current-market rate
GRtaTajcMNUl rate of return, ~ pkg
internal rate of return (IRR), ~ hirBavt
financial rate of return
GRtanikmPaBFmCati
natural unemployment rate
GRtanukUldan civil status, esovePA ~ civil

status book, sMbuRt ~ certificate of civil
GRtabrR)ak; exchange rate, ~ dl;d spot

exchange rate, ~ efr fixed exchange
rate, ~ TIpSar parallel market exchange
rate, ~ enAeBlbiT closing rate, ~ pvkar
official exchange rate, ~ mFmRbcaMEx
monthly average exchange rate, ~ man
kalkMNt; forward exchange rate, ~ man
sirPaB stable exchange rate
GRtabrrUbiybNepgpat; GRtabrR)ak;eFob
tamrUbiyvtTI3 dUcCa dular cross rate,
exchange cross rate
GRtaRbCasaRs demographic rate (birth,

death...)
GRtapvkar official rate

GRtaBnKyGnueRKaHBiess Tab
preferential duty (tariff)
GRtamrN mortality rate, death rate, ~

kumar infant mortality rate, ~ matuPaB
maternal mortality rate
GRtabgVilsk kg1qaM stock turnover (ratio)

GRtabiT GRtabrR)ak;eBlbiTRbtibtikar
RbcaMf closing rate
GRtabuKlikecj BIGgPaB labour
GRtaykKMrUtag sampling rate

GRtaGkmankargareFVI employment rate
Gefr n. variable
GFikarkic inspection, kMresva ~ inspection
fee, Rkum ~ inspectorate, viBaabnbRt ~
inspection certificate, ~ TMnijmuneBlpk
turnover
pre-shipment inspection
status
211
GFikarkic/ eFVI v. inspect

GFibBaa bBaarbs;ecARkm injunction
assignor
(judges order)
GFibtI chairman
GFibetyPaB sovereignty
Gn;KuNPaB TMnij deteriorated (goods)
Gn;fy/ kar KuNPaB/ f>>> deterioration
Gn;fy/ PaB backwardness
GnaKti m> minlMeGog/ PaB impartiality
GnibuNPaB m> manexaH/PaBimperfection
Gnimit m> GaRsyelI contingent
GnivasCn/ GnivasnCn n. non-resident
GnItiCn n. minor
GnItiCnRbRBwtelIs n. delinquent
GnuRkwt sub-decree
GnuBaat v. authorise, tMNagmankar ~ rWtMNag
mansiTiRbTan authorised representative
GnuBaat/ karlixit authorisation,
permission
GnuBaatBIelakGk/ Edl)ankar with your

permission/sanction
GnubNit/ fak; masters degree

Gnu)at ratio
Gnub,Tan cession
Gnub,Tanik GkTTYl RTBsm,tikarEtgtaMg
siTi assignee, transferee
Gnub,TayI Gk eprRTBsm,tieFVIkarEtgtaMg
Gnub,vaT abstain
GnuRbFan vice-president, vice-chairman,
deputy chairman, ~ smaKm vice-president
of an association, ~ RkumRbwkSaPi)al vicechairman of the board of directors
GnuplRBeQI forest sub-product, nontimber forest products (NTFPs)
GnuBnBaNiCkm commercial attach

GnuPaB\TiBl/ Edlman influential
Gnumtc,ab; enact a law
GnurkS supervisor
GnuelameTAtam/ eday in accordance with
Gnuvt/ dak; v. apply
Gnuvt/ TIPak;gar implementing agency
Gnuvtn_/ karmin non-implementation,
non-performance
Gnuvtn_c,ab;/ kar implementation of a law

Gnuvtn_Cak;Esg/ kar practice
GnuviTaly junior high school
Gnuvisy/ kMrit subsectoral level
GnusBaa convention
Gnusasn_ recommendation
GnusTi /i lixitkBab; registered letter/parcel
GnusiTi/ sar\NTan confirmed letter of credit
GnusSarN memorandum, ~ RBmeRBog
memorandum of understanding (MOU)
212
GnusSarNbegItRkumhun rW lknikRkumhun
GbNsBaa deal
Gb;rMkMritbzm/ kar primary education
Gb;rMbeckeTs/ kar technical education
Gb;rMmUldanryeBl 9qaM/ kar nine years
memorandum of association (GB) or

articles of incorporation (US)
GnusSarNsIBIeKalneya)ayesdkic nighirBavt
MEFP (Memorandum of Economic
and Financial Policy: for the IMF)
basic education
GnueRKaH adj. favourable, concessional,

concessionary
GnueRKaH/ kar favor, GnueRKaHniym

favouritism
GnueRKaHBn/ kar tax relief

Gnrkm interaction
GnrkarI adj. intermediary, KMerag ~
intermediary project, TMnij ~ intermediate
goods
GnrkarI n. intermediary, middleman

GnrkarIkm intermediation, ~ hirBavt
financial intermediation
Gnrkal transitional, ryeBl ~ transitional

period, viFankar ~ transitional measures,
esdkic ~ transitional economy
GnrFnaKar inter-bank, RbBnTUTat; ~
inter-bank settlement system
Gnrb,Bati transitional provision (law)

Gnrvisy inter-sectoral
Gnrskm interactive
Gnray damage, ~ edaysarTwksmuRT
Gb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Ka education for all

Gbhar n. karcuHf discount, GRta ~
discount rate, ~ eKal basic discount
GbharrUbiyaNti/ eFVI v. lk;rUbiyaNti
eGayFnaKar discount a bill
Gbharit n. R)ak;cuHfeGay discount
Gb,PaK m> PaKtic minority
Gb,brma/ f floor price
Gb,brmaPavUbnIykm minimisation
Gb,ha margin, mark-up, ~ dul gross
margin, ~ suT net margin
GRbtibtiPaBBaNiCkm commercial
impracticability
GRbsiTPaB inefficiency
GBaNiC/ FnaKar non-commercial bank
GBnrjaN intuition
GBaRkwtniym neutralism
GBaRkwtPavUbnIykm/ GBaRkwtkm
neutralisation (of a country)
GPyksiTi immunity, ~ karTUt
damaged by seawater
Gnak;Cavd rW Gnak;vilvg; Gt;Rckecj
diplomatic immunity
vicious cycle
213
GPyksiTird sovereign immunity

GPi)alkic governance, ~ mUldan local
Gskm inactive
GsTa m> KMnitevocevr bad faith
GsmtPaB incapacity, incompetence
Gs;BIsk/ PaB stockout
Gs;esahuyeRcIn/ Edl onerous
GsaFPaB m> minGacsgbMNul)an/ PaB
governance
GPirkS/ kar conservation, ~ FmCati

conservation of nature, ~ dI soil
conservation, GPirkS adj. conservative
GPirkSBUCRtI/ kEng fish sanctuary
GPivDn_/ kar development, CMnYy ~
development aid, KMerag ~ development
project, yuTsaRs ~ development
insolvency
GsIlFm immoral
GhrN-nIhrN import-export
GehtuPy panic, ~ hirBavt financial panic
Gakb,kiriya behaviour
GakrBiesselITMnijnigesvamYycMnnY rI Gakr
Biess excise tax or excise duty
GakrelItMlbEnm Gtb value added tax
strategies
GPivDn_xusTMng/ kar mal-development

GmevCsaRs paramedical, Gk ~
paramedic
GyutPaB m> vismPaB inequality

GyutiFm injustice
Gykar PaKIedImecaTkgerOgRBhTN
(VAT) or output tax
GaKar nigdICitGaKar kmsiTikrEtmYy

premises
Gag TenemKg basin (e.g. of Mekong
prosecution
Gykar/ Ggkar Department of Public
River)
Prosecution
GrUbI intangible, RTB ~ intangible assets

GrUbIykm/ eFVI v. abstract
GvDnPaB stagnation
Gvsankfa n. PaKbBab;nr)aykarN_
conclusion
Gvsanb,Bati final provision (law)

GviCman negative, GviCmankm negation
GevTyitPaB insensitivity
GacKNna)an computable
GacqabeqH inflammable, TMnij ~
inflammable goods
GacTTYlyk)an eligible
GacTsSn_Tay)an adj. predictable
GacbMEbk)an adj. divisible, sar\NTan ~
divisible letter of credit
Gacpt;pg;xngRKb;/ PaB self-sufficiency

GaCIB career
214
GaCIB trade, karcuHfkg ~ edayGkRbkb

rbrdUcKa trade discount/terms, TIsMGag
bBaak;xag ~ trade reference
GaCIvkm business, ~ CalkNRKYsar family
business, ~ QrelIkci sna contractual
(French: mandat de dpense)
business
supervisory authority
GaNabk financial manager (French:

ordonnateur), ~ edImExS principal
ordonnateur, ~ eprsiTi delegated
ordonnateur
GaNaBa)al guardianship, GaCJaFr ~
GaCIvkm exploitation, kareFVI ~ FnFan

FmCati exploitation of natural resources
GaCIvkm yk f quarrying
GaCIvkmmandMeNIrkar going concern
GaCIvkr businessman/woman
GaCJakNal referee
GaCJaFr authority, ~ svnkmCati National
GaNaBa)al Parkic supervision,

GaCJaFr ~ supervisory authority, eRkam ~
hirBavt nRksYgesdkicnighirBavt under
the financial supervision of the
Ministry of Economy and Finance
GaNaBa)al mnusS guardian

GaNikCn expatriate (or expat)
GaTiPaB priority, man ~ elI have/take
Auditing Authority
GaCJanukarI m> tMNagmankarGnuBaat
priority over
GaTiPavUbnIykm prioritisation, eFVI ~
authorised representative
GaCJabN n. licence, ~ sMrab;karrukrk eRbg

katEr:>>> prospecting licence, man ~ adj.
prioritise
GanuPaB power, authority, effect, influence

GanuPaBKtiyuti legal effect
GabNsBaa m> RBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ kar
licensed
GaCJayukal statute of limitation

GaCJasala n. bailiff
GaNti term, tenure
GaNtiKahk assignee, proxy, attorney
deal
Gab; R)ak; xVH v. short-change

GaBah_BiBah_/ sMbuRt marriage certificate
Gayu age, Rkum ~ age group
Gayukal BIeBlekItdl;sab; lifespan
Gayukal rW mYyGayukal lifetime
GayukaleRbIR)as; nRTBskm useful
(person appointed to act for another)
GaNtiTayk assignor, principal (in

power transfer)
GaNtiebIkR)ak; payment warrant

GaNtiebIkR)ak;cMNay order for payment
life (accounting)
215
GayukalmFm Gayurs;enAmFm life

expectancy
GareQI/ eragcRk saw mill

Gasn/ PaB emergency, lkxN ~
emergency condition
Gasydan/ manbBaak; domiciled, rUbiyaNti

~ domiciled bill of exchange
Gasan/ tMbn;BaNiCkmesrI ASEAN Free

Trade Area (AFTA)
GasasUn/ karcat;TukCa annulment

GaRsyelI RBwtikarN_GVImYyEdlGacekIteLIg
bminekIteLIg contingent
Gahar food, meal
Gahar/ TMnijminEmn non-food items
Gaharnigsak;enAeday\tbg;f free board
and lodging
eGkULs Iu ecology, tMbn; ~ ecological zone,

lMnwg ~ ecological equilibrium
eGLicRtUnik electronic
eGayxI v. lend
eGayf/kar offer
eGayTeT/ Edl \tKitf complementary
eGaybg;Bn v. impose taxes
GMNrKuN thank, appreciation
GMNac power
GMNacTij buying/purchasing power,
~ nrUbiyvt purchasing power of the
currency
GMNacniym authoritarianism
GMNacnItibBati sPa legislative power
GMNacnItiRbtibti the executive
(government)
Gahar eqA evcxb;Rsab; convenience

food
Gaharin importer
GaharUbtm nutrition
GicSb:UNg;sIuEyl/ kMeNIn exponential
growth
GuinfWNit internet, salbMerI ~ internet-cafe

GIv:an; goods, item
GuIb:UEtk mortgage
GubTic/ ExSkab optical fiber cable
eGkUeTscrN_ eco-tourism
216
GMNacbBati sabneRkABIsPa dUcCa

RkumRbwkSaXMu>>> legislative power
GMNacRbtibti executive power
GMeNay donation, gift
GMeNaypl favourable, lkxN ~
favourable conditions
GMeNaypl/ min unfavourable, FatuGakas

~ unfavourable weather
GMeNaypldl; favourable/conducive to
GMeNayhirBavt grant
GMBkERs paddy plots
GMBavnav/ kar appeal

GMeBI l rW GaRkk; deed
GMeBIhigSa rW higSa violence
GMLgeBl period
GaMgDIkaTr indicator
GHGag/ kar assertion, claim
GkksagGkkMNt; eKalneya)ay
GkCMnYj businessman, trader

GkCMrHbBaI liquidator
Gkdak;RbkassareBIBnmin)anRKb;elIk
stopfiler (tax)
Gkdak;BaksMu applicant, ~ ebIksar\NTan

applicant for a letter of credit
policymaker
Gkkan;kab; occupier
Gkkan;kargar job holder
Gkkan;mUlb,TanbRt bearer
Gkkan;hibR)ak; R)ak;tictYc petty-cash
custodian
Gkkan;GaCJabN licensee
GkxIR)ak;EdlKYreGayTukcit credit worthy
borrower
GkKaMRT nUvKMnit rW skmPaB proponent

GkRKb;RKg manager, PaBCa ~ managership
Gkcat;karrg assistant manager
GkcUlrYm participant
GkcUlhun capital contributor
GkcUlhunKankMrit general partner
GkcUlhunmankMrit limited partner
(limited liability)
Gkc,ab; lawyer, solicitor

GkCYl BIeK lessee, renter
GkCYleGay lessor, person who rents out sth
217
GkdwkCBan transporter
GkdwknaM leader
Gkzanx<s; elite
GkRtUv)ancat;taMgeGayRKb;RKgRTBsm,ti
GkkSyFn assignee in bankruptcy
GkRtUv)anFanar:ab;rg n. insured
GkRtUv)anbg;R)ak;eGay payee
GkRtYtBinitkarbiTRkumhun liquidator
GkTTYl lixit addressee
GkTTYlkarEtgtaMg nominee
GkTTYlkareprsiTi proxy
GkTTYlpl beneficiary
GkTTYlsiTiRbTan assignee
GkTTYlsiTieRbIeQaHBaNiCkm franchisee
GkTTYlesaFnnivtn_ pensioner
GkTij purchaser, buyer, ~ kgkarrMBwg
prospective buyer
GkFana surety, guarantor

GkFanar:ab;rg insurer
GkeFVIc,ab; legislator
Gkbg;R)ak; eGayeK payer
GkbegIt founder
Gkbgaj presenter
GkbeBaIcraRs demagogue
GkbMerI servant
GkRbKl;siTi assignor
GkepJI sender
Gkpl;siTieGayeRbIeQaHBaNiCkm
GkeGayxI lender, ~ CacugeRkay
lender
of last resort
Gk]btm sponsor, patron

GVIepSgeTotenAdEdl ceteris paribus
(other things being equal)
\NTan n. credit
\NTan/ kMrit credit line, credit limit,
credit level
franchiser
GkeprTunBIpSarmYyeTApSarmYyedIm,Ieqt
rkkMr arbitrageur
GkBa)aledayclna physical therapist
Gkminsuxcit aggrieved person
Gk lk;eprsiTi eGayeK alienor
GkrksuIcgkarR)ak; moneylender
GkrksuIpvePT sex worker
Gkrukrk Er:>>> prospector
Gklk; salesman
Gklk;clt travelling salesman
Gkl,IeQaH n. celebrity
GksegtkarN_ observer
Gksgmrtktammrtksasn_ legatee
GkRsavRCav researcher, ~ rg associate
researcher, GkRsavRCav eBjsiTi fellow
researcher, ~ Can;x<s; senior researcher
Gksab; n. deceased
GkGnuvt RbcaM practitioner
218
\NTankMENtMrUvrcnasm<n SAC (structural

adjustment credit of the IMF)
\NTanKankalkMNt; RtUvsgvijenAeBl
eKTar call loan, call money
\NTanKandak;vtFana open credit ( for
good clients of the bank)
\NTanCMnYj trade credit ( for enterprises

which have trading relationship)
\NTaneRtom stand-by credit

\NTanTUTat; payment credit
\NTanbUk credit plus (credit with
financial and technical components)
\NTanBn tax credit

\NTanBIFnaKar/ PaBGacTTYl)an
eligibility for bank loans
\NTanPab;sna fvikard committed

credit (state budget)
\NTanelIssmtul FnaKar overdraft

(banking), GnuBaat ~ to grant an
overdraft
\NTanvt
credit in kind
\NTansac;R)ak; cash credit

\NTansMrab;TijTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer
\nn fuel
\riyabf attitude
\riyabfesdkic economic behaviour
\sSrCn dignitary
\sSrPaB dignity
]tmRkumRbwkSanGgecARkm Supreme
credit
\NTanksar documentary credit

\NTayk n. creditor, credit provider
\NTayI adj. credit
\NeTy claim, ~ elIrdaPi)al claim on
Council of the Magistracy
]tmKti ideal
]tmRbeyaCn_ best interest
]tmPaB advantage
]tmPaBRbECg competitive advantage
]tmPaBeRbobeFob comparative/relative
the government
\NeTyTarmin)an xUc bad debt

\NeTyBi)akTar bad debt
\NeTysgSy doubtful debt
\NRbtiTan m> fdl;kMNt;sgR)ak; date
of maturity, due date
\NBn n. debit,kt;Rtaxag ~ v. debit,

kMNt;ehtuRbkas ~ n. debit memo/
advantage
memorandum
]tmsikSa tertiary education/higher
]tmPaBeRbobeFobBiniteXIj revealed
comparative advantage
\Nvn debtor, borrower

\Nayik adj. debit, smtul ~ debit
education
]tmanuPaB/ sMelg e)aHeqat deciding
balance
vote, casting vote
\texaH perfect, impeccable

\tcMNg/ CMnYy untied aid
\tQb;Qr/ Edl incessant
\tbg;f/ eday free of charge
\tbMNg unintentional, involuntary
\tpas;br/ Edl adj. unaltered
\tRBagTuk fvika contingency
\TiBlnbg; design effect
]eTsnam/ lixit GktMNag designation

letter
]trRbeTs RbeTsGkman north countries

]TrN_ appeal
]Tan park, ~ Cati national park
]bkrN_ instrument, ~ TUTat; negotiable
instrument, ~ minGacykeTATUTat;)an nonnegotiable instrument
]bkrN_ tool
219
]bkrN_sMrYlBiesssMrab;\nn special oil
(state)
facility
]bharit/ eFVI brought in (assets as
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<n
investment)
Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF)
])aKmn_ kar)anCakmsiTinUvvtrNb
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;Tb;sniFi buffer stock
accession
facility (BSF)
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;b:Hb:UvxaghirBavt
compensatory financing facility (CFF)
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFimrtk trust fund
])aeTskm m> CMnYs/ kardak; subrogation

])aRsy siTirbs;Gkkan;rUbiyaNti
kgkartamTarsMNgBIGkeFVIbidielx
recourse
]b,tiehtu incident
]sSah_ rW ]sSah_Bayam industrious
]sShkmkat;edr garment indutries
]sSahkm industry, ~ FunFn; heavy
industry, ~ FunRsal light industry,
~ vtFatuedIm primary industry, ~ Ekc
secondary industry, ~ nisSarNkm rW
~ ykEr: extractive industry, ~ esva
facility (TFF)
]bkarI assistant
]bkarI GkTMnukbMrgu / Gkpg epmI benefactor
]btm/ kar assistance
]btm/ R)ak; allowance, ~ RKYsar family
allowance, alimony
]btmTun/ kar capital assistance

]btmFn subsidy, subvention
]btmFn/ pl; v. subsidise
service industry
]btmBIfvikarrd national budget support

(for provincial budget)
]bnaykrdmnI deputy prime minister

]bnisSy propensity
]bnisSy vocation, man ~ kgkar>>> have a
vocation for
]sSahUbnIykm industrialisation, RbeTseFVI

~ fI newly industrialised countries (NICs)
kkmsiTi sole proprietorship
kCn private, Rkumhun ~ private (or
privately owned) company, vinieyaKin ~
private investor
]bePaK/ eRKOg tool, instrument, utensil,

~ nigeRKOgbriePaK basic necessities
]bsK obstacle, barrier
]bsm<n/ fvika supplemental budget
kCnPavUbnIykm rW kCnnIykm
privatization
kta unit, ~ viPaK unit of analysis, ~ Kit

unit of counting or unit of account, f
220
~ unit price/rate
ktadMNak;TIBIr second-stage unit (SSU)

ktatMbn;cugeRkay ultimate area unit
ksartamc,ab; legal document

ksarbegIt Rkumhun founding
instrument
ksarBiPakSa r)aykarN_sikSaBIerOgGVImYy
(UAU)
ktatMlnRkdasR)ak; denomination
ktalk; )an/ cMnYn sales volume
ktaykKMrUtagcugeRkay ultimate
working paper
ksarykTUTat;)an negotiable
documents
ktaykKMrUtagdMbUg primary sampling
ksar lHbg;siTielIkElg waiver n.

ksarsMrab;kardwkCBanTMnij cargo
unit (PSU)
document
ketaPaKI unilateral
ktCn individual
kTKkm record, bMEbk ~ break the record
keTs speciality
keTsnIykm specialisation, ~ kargar
ksarGm supporting document
sampling unit (USU)
job specialisation
kbuKl/ shRKas sole proprietorship

kb,harPaB m> Kab;CYn/kar coincidence
kPaK/ karcuHbBaI single entry
bookeeping
kPaB/ kar agreement, concurrence

kPaB/ min v. disagree
kPaB/ lkN uniformity
kPavUbnIykm unification
kvb,km monoculture
ksar document, documentation, pl; ~
RbKl;TMnijeBlbBaak;TTYlRBmCMBak;
documents against acceptance (D/A)
221
(administration)
ksiTi privilege (special benefit)

kas opportunity, tMl ~ RtUv)at;bg;
opportunity cost
nPaB deficit, ~ fvika budget deficit, ~

CBaIgTUTat; deficit of the balance of
payments, bMeBj ~ v. meet a deficit
vaT/ karsab; obedience
vaT/ enAeRkam under the auspices
(institution)
sanvaT n. ultimatum
bsKl; origin

Ecolex 2 Ke

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PaKTI 2

kk/ bgk freeze, bgkebovtSr_ min[cuHeLIg

ktikasBaa kicRBmeRBogCapvkar pact

kt;sMKal;/ KYr[ noticeable, karERbRbYl ~

kkkuj/ PaB bottleneck

ktaplTunbreTssuT net foreign factor

ktaplitkmbzm primary factor of

ktarUbvn physical factor

kBab;fvika package budget

kNal adj. central, FnaKar ~ central bank

knkTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer basket

Economic Lexicon Part 2

kmviFIneya)ay rbs;KNbkS political

nigensaT Ministry of Agriculture

Forestry and Fisheries

ksikmRKan;EtmYyrs; m> CIvRBwti/ ksikm

kmviFIskmPaB programme of action

ksidan farm, brikar ~ farm equipment

kmsiTiKankalkMNt; freehold property

ksageKalneya)ay/ kar policy formulation

ksikm agriculture, RksYg ~ rukaRbmaj;

katBVkic obligation, man ~ to have the

kat;bnycMnay/ kar expense reduction,

kat;sg/ BnKy duty drawback

Economic Lexicon Part 2

kataLk esovePA catalogue

kan;kab;/ kar possession

kan;kab;CakarepJITuk hold in trust

rate higher than inflation rate)

karBarkarxatbg; EdlRtUv)an hedged

Economic Lexicon Part 2

kariyaFibety bureaucracy, red tape,

kariyaly bureau, ~ kargar employment

kariyalyFM head office

kicR BmeRBogTUeTAsIBItaragBnKy nigBaNiCkm

kics na contract, ~ lk;kargar contract of

kicsna/ c,ab;n law of contract

kariyaelxanukar m> kariyaly/ GkeFVIkar

kal kMNt;bBati specified period

kicsnaTij-lk; bargain and sale

kicsnaEbgEckplitkm productionsharing contract (PSC)

kicsnamankalkMNt; terminal contract

Economic Lexicon Part 2

cooperation contract (BCC)

kicsnaesva service contract

kusl merit , good deed

ekItdMNalKa/ kar RBwtikarN_ concurrence

Economic Lexicon Part 2

tMl ~ adjustment value, elxna ~

kMNt; v. determine, fix, specify

adjusting entries (accounting)

EktMrUv/ kar rectification

quote in local currency

kMNt;TUeTA general points (in text of law)

strengthen the fabric of peace

kMcIKankalkMNt; eBlTarRtUvsg demand

kMcIKanvtFana fiduciary loan

kMcIenACMBak; outstanding loan

kMNt;Bn/ Gk assessor of taxes

Economic Lexicon Part 2

fiscal reform, ~ visyensaT nigClpl

kMBugdMeNIrkar/ skmPaB ongoing activity

kMritRBMEdn/ dak; v. limit, kar ~ limitation