(CHAPTER 6: Gas Laws Fora ghen sample of sa change many af the conden of temperature, rere ‘fore of egos wl pre 9 change one ofboth a he other consti. ‘These changes cenbe predicted and explained by thekineic ory. Gas aws describe the reaionships that ext Between hase conditions of tempera ‘ere pressure and volume [As the pressure of gat ise tothe colons ofthe gas particles withthe walls of ‘he contamer falas that any fection the volume tconstan empeatie wl nega ineeae the number ofthese calisens and vest ah mess 0 [esse Senta sry merase veune of he gas wl produces ructon nthe Ths elatnchip decd cunt by BOWLES LAW, wich states Fora ‘geen amount of ene ae merely prop Presse Therefore, forthe tl conition: andfethe ina condos PN, =k PN, =P, [NOTE When sing the formula, ,V, = PV, ANY units of pest and volume can bese provided that the ae che sive nthe stl and fia stations re ‘Snboth idea equation (GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF BOTLES LAW @ ® ‘COMMON UNITS OF GAS PRESSURE Commonly wed units of 3 pressure ar: atmospheres (at mm of mercury nin Ha blopascabs ara 1 atm = 769 mm He = {TYPE EXAMPLE 384 bicycle pump has 2 maximum volume of 10 mk whan the ‘reste of taped a Ot KPa When the end the ug senled andthe nde Dashed away down the bal wha il be the ew peso ured the Yapped oe wnsaPa 1 kr myn ny. Som pena? Vi= sot 01 0 950 m0 asa Ts 7 202 kPa i the pres 021 seracsonestuw 1A sample of gas in a.contane of volume 24 and pressure a s atmospheres {hice to expand tis presure eau 1 aims What volte wil owoceupy th temperstare ema constant 2. the vlume ofa given mass of gas ssc and the pressure 760 nm Hg st wlth esr me the ola doubled wthot ohne 5, Ait app ina pt of volume 08 the prestur exerted by this sample srs imtly 125 KPa, seer the presse when the woe Fees © 12 Temperature easumed foreman unchanged 4A sample of gs at 180 Pa pressure has a volume of 25m. the temperature re ‘maine unchanged determin the volume W the presre increased 40 Pa 5, Deermine se volume of acetlene ta pressure of 105 KPa that canbe forced Into 20 storage bot with 2 mane pressure of 840 kPa whe the 6A L weather balloon ile wth ydhogen aa pressure of 70 mm Hy. Ast ‘cent temperature found to ema constant whe he peste ops to {Gomme What wale the new vere? 7. -Atsyce tye has» vote of 800 mf the imide tally removed fend toils 2 container toa pressure ofS atmospheres without s change {emperstre Getermnethesrpressre mde thet rgalv 4 at she forge a 10 KP rene edie compte i a liner of volume 78 mole presute of 250 KPa We temperate does Not ‘9. ASO ml sample o gas has its pressure debled while ts temperature & kept Exton Whats ahane a tbo presi? = 10, What change n volume ofa gis srople occurs when the preset changed Mom 0 alaheres to 30 atmospheres without changetn temperate‘The kinetic theory plies that there should bea temperature at which the patices ave aso tinct ercgy andro enovenent. The tavern crn Se es Abslte zero 8 gro point onthe Kelun (or abso) epetrureale aed Seaimated ote "2739¢ (One unit onthe Kehincale(k) i eqivalen toon nit onthe Celsius scale) Relationship Benween Kelvin and Cebus temperature scales Katt QTE Ueto on he Kinsale re etre 1 5 eis KNOT dees in TYPE EXAMPLE 40. Whats the kelvin equivalent to 2 temperature 20°C? * 20 k Le the kelvin equivalents 473 TYPE EXAMPLE 41: What Cebus emperatur conesponds toa temperature of 173K? +m a Lethe Celius temperature is 100°. ‘ETT: TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS. Conver he following Cebus temperatures into helvin temperatures. 1 soe 2 are Taree reared 5 Chose Convert he following temperatures into Cebus temperatures eurk on wan “CHARLES LAW ‘when asample of 2a heated the parties increase peed of movement and as 2 Ma Aes ae alton wth tbe al of fhe contains and epee ‘rey the aI Romever the volume ol he container an ado to maa rtant pressure then when the temperature eres the velume wil increas nd Simatic he temperatures reduce the vlume wil aso reduce The eationship between temperature and volume is described qurttately by CHARLES” LAW which sates for 9 ive amount of gs a constant pressure the ‘elume's dec proportional ots kein tonperture ‘Volume(V) e kevin temperature) on, Yk k= constant ‘Therefore forthe inal condition: snd fethe final condition My % INOTE:. Whenusingthe formula I, theunits of volume must be the Simei hel ond inal uation’. on both sidesa the eatin 2 Temperatures be expressed kei. ‘GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CHARLES LAWTVPE EXAMPLE 42:1 20 mL of gas at constant pressure has its temperate changed ram 0%C 102735, tnd ne vlumes (20 mt) 46K) ars KI om hee volume is 40 mL. SET 2B: CHARLES AW 1. 1.420 gas sample as is emperatue changed fram 00K 250K without a ‘changeit presure what wl bes new volume 2.81201 gas sample ata temperature of 200K is compressed no a volume of {oUt he pretures mamtawed a constant value tough te change ‘ha theo temperature 3. 50m eylindbr of oxygen at ~ 25°C is heated to 27°C. If he gas allowed to ‘apa otha hen and fl prssres sre the sme wa volume wl the ‘venom occupy? 4 icin thin ql tb ape ty bad fr the bes ee from smal terperture of 62°C te volume sen to change rom 0 er 10 Sim: What ame terperatre! 5. Towha temperate mut 000 lot helium at 77° be cooled ifs volume (o decrease 150 mL whe maloasing constant presse! 6 Temper of sane ofa cys rm Ct — 0° the a Voli didiheacoceupy orginally “ne a 7. carn massof ammonia occupies a volume of 10 Lat O°C and 740 mm He ‘wht volume would ths sample occupy ats temperature of 13659 Ht the {What change tothe ital temperatye of 100°C of a sample of gs woul oc unit it vlume 5 changed fom S80 L to 35 L wie malay constant preset 9. A L sample of hcogen has ts temperatre doubled whe its pressure i kept ‘Constant What wl be the no vane? 10. What ithe final enperatre at constant pres given sample of gt at ONC wteind wo that te woame = Soult PRESSURELAW ‘An increas in temperature wil produce an increment pea of particles I the ‘Shame ems contant the ate of olson with the wal the conse wally ‘Seare reulingn an obseraton of amncresse presse Sry 2 reocton ‘emperatare wl reduces ecucion the presue ofthe gas ‘The PRESSURE (OR CONSTANT VOLUME) LAW states: "For 2 ivn amount of gaat Constant volume, the pes ol 2 B21 8 tecly proportional othe Keun Pressure (Po kelvin temperate GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PRESSURE LAW {TYPE EXAMPLE 4: the a ina ca tye exerts a presse of atmospheres 327°C ‘eho wl Bethe presse sera ong inp the ampere snrees OS™? 8 = 2am een me abet, gin a t = Gaim 0300 30k (00 K) 22am te: the new presse woul be 22 atmSET 20 PRESSURE LAW 1. When paca nthe sun the temperature of a yinder of oxygen increases rom SBCIO SK isos soe tay aca 50 Fa wha a be 2. Thepressure ofa sample of gs changes rom 700mm Ho 380 mm Hy Deter: ‘ming the inal temperature the opal emperaturewes 25°C NOTE he woe does ct alte 3. A certain mass of hyrogen fasts temperature changed fem —234C to 27% ‘ith change n volume What willbe the final pressure the ital peesure Massabifar 4 R40 ml sample ofa in a closed containers found to ave a pressure of 70m Fhe paced in a water batho empuatre 77°C: What wl be the peessure ‘fh it sample paced nance bath temperature 5. las bub led with a toa presse of 12 atm i heated om ty ‘aia trpertre of 100K nas found do explodes tmperatae {5X Setermne he maximum pressure exerted ins he ul (6 The peur of airin a car tye, ater along tp found to have increased 5408 ram es ona pressure ot 10 KPa By how much has the fomperture hanged om irl value of 20°C 7. Rsmall metal eylindr filed with i ound tobe capable of withstanding > {eral resus of upto 18 atmaheres Ht inaly thea placed nthe fier an tmohrepcsure, to wha! temperate can he eye eeSte ented? {What happens tothe peste ofa sample of gas ifthe temperature doubled 9. How can the pessue ofa ven sample of gas be halves without a change a 10. Alas Hak contains a sample of a at 25°C and 0005 atmosphres presse ‘fd temperatre at the tbe coca forthe pes To vede 0080, stmorpheret “The Combined Gas Law represents combination of Boy’ Lam Care Law and the Premure Unt summaree th flrs of changer of pres termpertar ans ‘lume ona faed amount of gas and s represented quanetatwelyby the eaten PMN in NOTE. Any uns or pressure and volume may be used but they must be the sme nboth sides ofthe euaton 2. Temperature must be expressed in ken. 3. When ane of the quatites remains constant the relationship reverts 10 fe ofthe inal us lo eg whan the presi conta the Cam ‘Sid a sw becomes Charis tow TYPE EXAMPLE 44: What volume woulda gs sample occupy at 77°C and 100 mm Nai ithessvoumeat st st27% and 00 ram Nat (200 amis W630.) ea COOK) OOD = amt te: the gas would have a volume of 282 L ‘SE: COMBINED GAS LAW 1 slot 2c gy elm dang 0 ia 2s ates ea 2 Marea nr al mpeg Ao ‘gle tame mama 1 tg banter erie Paterna Eee ent aan ene doe 2g ang 2A mo chee a SL er + geting doi. 108 messed Sree teers eect «statherin on setae Sete angie mrp ton ange Een ahem iene > Mpeg eer hn 30 amen 1 Depp sete nr opae t ose avmeel ac arena arora » Trpeegee tn date ain eae Bieguaotes rire hs erate oe 0 Agta atin fname Wace ‘tpigteccun he ompertr charged oat peur cangel Tork at =